Funded Projects: Human Rights and Humanitarian Issues

ALSTON, PHILIP, Medford, MA (Project Director(s): Philip Alston): A grant to support research on the concept of social and economic rights as understood in international law. (USIP-298) $20,000

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Audrey R. Chapman): A project to improve the effectiveness of the United Nations human rights treaty monitoring bodies in promoting compliance with international human rights standards by undertaking a planning and feasibility study for the design and implementation of an information management system. (USIP-053-94F) $30,000

AMERICAN RADIOWORKS - NPR, St. Paul, MN (Project Director(s): Stephen Smith): A radio documentary series that will track the investigation and prosecution of war crimes committed in several villages in Kosovo and examine the capacity of the international justice system to punish and prevent war crimes. The public radio initiative will also develop a companion Internet documentary that will include text, pictures, and audio from the investigation. (USIP-126-99F) $35,000

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, Ithaca, NY (Project Director(s): David Wippman & Jane Stromseth): A project to develop proposals to help policymakers and international lawyers identify appropriate occasions, means, and objectives for future military interventions with humanitarian aims. The resulting book will focus on the prerequisites for successful intervention, and the ways in which existing institutions and policies can be improved to facilitate desirable interventions and avoid harmful ones. (SG-135-00) $40,000

AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Diane Orentlicher): A study to examine the impact of developments such as the Spanish/British proceedings against former Chilean President Augusto Pinochet and the preparation for a permanent international criminal court on international criminal law, patterns of law enforcement, and norms of statecraft. The resulting book will also explore ways to balance principles of state sovereignty against rapidly-evolving standards of global justice. (USIP-182-00S) $30,000

ASSOCIATES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS, Berkeley, CA (Project Director(s): Meron Benvenisti): A book project to explore the historical and cultural geography of the Holy Land. Engaging a joint Palestinian and Israeli research team, the project will include extensive archival research, interviews and field work and seek to merge the conflicting stories of the shared land and the two communities' relationship to it. (SG-24-97) $35,000

AVANCSO, Guatemala, Central America (Project Director(s): Paula Worby): A study to document the role of the UNHCR in the repatriation of Guatemalan refugees and examine remaining difficulties in facilitating the social, economic, cultural and political integration of the refugees into Guatemalan society. The project will also produce educational materials on the history and plight of the refugees, including relevant documents from the peace process, for junior high and high school students in Guatemala. (SG-83-98) $33,375

B'NAI B'RITH FOUNDATION, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): William Korey): A project to evaluate the progress made by the international community over the past 50 years in fulfilling the promise of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The study will include a survey of the instruments of implementation created by the international community for achieving compliance with the Universal Declaration, an examination of the major unfulfilled aspects of the Declaration and an analysis of the progress made by non-governmental organizations in promoting human rights. (USIP-007-94S) $30,000

BADLISY CENTER FOR KURDISH STUDIES, INC., Tallahassee, FL (Project Director(s): Salah Aziz & William Spencer): A grant to support an international conference on the situation of the Kurds in each of the Middle Eastern countries where they reside. The project will attempt to define the elements of the Kurdish issue and review possible approaches to the peaceful resolution of the problem, including regional and international cooperation. (USIP-026-92F) $20,000

BROOKINGS INSTITUTION, THE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Michael O'Hanlon): A book project assessing the international community's need for future humanitarian and peace missions, and the assets needed to conduct them. The research will assess what tools-combat forces, police forces, command and control instruments, and so on-are needed for these types of missions, and in roughly what numbers. The research will also focus on which countries and which regional and global institutions can realistically be expected to provide more capabilities than they do at present. (SG-185-01) $30,000

CAMBODIAN INSTITUTE OF HUMAN RIGHTS, Phnom Penh, Cambodia (Project Director(s): Kassie Neou): A training project aimed at more than 1,000 senior Cambodian officials and community leaders focusing on human rights and democracy; rule of law; gender awareness; good governance; and conflict resolution. (SG-150-01) $38,000

CARE, Atanta, GA (Project Director(s): Margaret Tsitouris): A project to enable CARE to hold a workshop for key staff from six of its country offices in West and Southern Africa, to introduce the principles of conflict resolution, to impart basic skills in conflict analysis, to explore the cultural dimensions of conflict resolution, and to assess CARE's potential role in promoting conflict resolution in Africa. (USIP-070-96F) $30,000

CARE, Kampala, Uganda (Project Director(s): D. Paul O'Brien): A project in Africa to develop a manual for humanitarian assistance organizations to assess the benefits and harms of their assistance work. The end product will be a benefits-harms training of trainers manual for use by field personnel both of CARE and other international and local NGOs who provide humanitarian assistance. (SG-66-00) $35,000

CARE CANADA, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (Project Director(s): Nancy Gordon): A project to examine the comparative strengths and weakness of NGOs in forestalling complex emergencies and alleviating their effects. Using recent, on-going and anticipated humanitarian emergencies, the project will address both the role of NGOs in helping create an effective early warning mechanism and, in the event of the failure of preventive action, the mutual interaction between NGOs and international governance structures during the course of an emergency. (SG-29-95) $40,000

CARNEGIE COUNCIL ON ETHICS AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, New York, NY (Project Director(s): Joanne Bauer): A project to engage scholars and practitioners from the United States and East Asia in a series of workshops to analyze the conditions within the region that give rise to competing conceptions of human rights. Building upon both philosophical and policy-oriented research, the workshops will result in a series of articles, an edited volume of commissioned papers, and curricular materials for pre-college programs in the United States and abroad. (USIP-137-94F) $25,000

CARNEGIE COUNCIL ON ETHICS AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, New York, NY (Project Director(s): Joanne Bauer): A project which seeks to add more perspectives to the international discourse on human rights by including local actors from various regions who are generally removed from the broad debates. The project, which will include a workshop, will result in a book. (USIP-124-00F) $40,000

CARTER CENTER, INC., THE, Atlanta, GA (Project Director(s): Ben Hoffman & Craig Withers): A project to develop training materials for public health professionals about the costs, causes, and public health impact of conflict and to educate them about conflict resolution theory and practice. (USIP-166-00S) $25,000

CATHOLIC INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Project Director(s): Richard M. Synge): A project to analyze and assess the United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ), which over the period 1992-94 succeeded in implementing the General Peace Agreement for Mozambique. The study considers the appropriateness, impartiality and flexibility of the UN as the implementer of the peace agreement and the limitations of the UN in such a situation. It also looks at the problems arising from the coordination of humanitarian assistance within the peace process, and draws lessons for comparable situations elsewhere, especially in Africa. (SG-71-95) $21,650

CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Michael W. Foley): A project to examine the role of national and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the process of pacification and reconstruction in El Salvador. Through interviews with leaders of major NGOs involved in development, human rights resettlement, voter registration and party development and legislative advocacy, the project will illuminate the roles of NGOs and identify strategies that work or fail to work in solidifying the peace and rebuilding a divided society. (USIP-095-92S) $25,000

CENTER FOR JUSTICE AND ACCOUNTABILITY, San Francisco, CA (Project Director(s): Nancy S. Pemberton): A conference to consider a plan to institutionalize forensic activities in the aftermath of wars and human rights abuses. Special attention will be given to the development of a rapid response capability and a training institution to support tribunals and other institutions charged with investigating war crimes. (USIP-085-00S) $20,000

CENTER FOR PEDAGOGICAL AND SOCIAL RESEARCH · BALTIC INSIGHT, Riga, Latvia (Project Director(s): Boris Koltchanov): A project to develop an on-line database on minority rights for use by non-governmental organizations, governmental agencies, journalists, academics, and other individual practitioners in Central and Eastern Europe. The database will provide a broad range of information, including international norms and instruments in the minority rights field, reports on minority rights and practices, and national legislation pertaining to minority issues of the Central and Eastern European states. (USIP-092-99F) $25,000

CENTER FOR POPULATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT, Benin City, Nigeria (Project Director(s): Augustine Ikelegbe): A research project to examine the interface between public policy and corporate responsibility, corporate-host community relations, and the role of civil society and local communities in the context of violent conflict in the Niger Delta. The study will also assess how the interactions between the key stakeholders affect policy, the conflict, and broader questions of national security, transnational business and the environment. (USIP-235-01S) $35,000

CENTER FOR SUSTAINABLE HUMAN RIGHTS ACTION, New York, NY (Project Director(s): Wendy-Maria Jacques): A human rights training initiative to develop curriculum for a training-of-trainers program and provide training and follow-up technical assistance to a network of human rights trainers and representatives of some 20 human rights groups working in Guatemala, Honduras and Chiapas, Mexico. The project will also prepare, publish and make available on the internet resource materials for strengthening human rights organizations in Latin America. (USIP-129-00F) $33,000

CENTER FOR UN REFORM EDUCATION AND WORLD FEDERALIST ASSOCIATION, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Joseph Preston Baratta and Walter Hoffman): A grant to support three projects-to result in three monographs-on the role of standing peace forces and peacekeeping reserves; the role of specialized arbitral tribunals and improved U.N. mediation mechanisms; and the role of U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights and a world court on human rights. (USIP-528) $15,000

CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY, Mt. Pleasant, MI (Project Director(s): Orlando Perez): A book project exploring the transformation of civil-military relations in the post-authoritarian Central American countries of Panama, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua. The research will examine the domestic and international influences on civil-military relations, the new roles and missions of the armed forces, and public and military attitudes toward democracy and authoritarianism. (USIP-104-01S) $38,000

CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Ile-Ife, Nigeria (Project Director(s): Amadu Sesay ): A study to investigate the social support needed to rehabilitate demobilized child soldiers in Liberia after the civil war, and to draw lessons applicable to other post-conflict situations in Africa. (SG-27-98) $12,000

CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF VIOLENCE AND RECONCILIATION , Braanfontein, South Africa (Project Director(s): Hugo van der Merwe): A project to analyze the truth and reconciliation process in South Africa by analyzing the transcripts of the amnesty hearings conducted by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to assess its contribution to the process. Through this research initiative, the project aims to inform existing efforts to promote human rights training among South African police and to extract lessons for other countries engaged in similar truth commission initiatives. (USIP-126-00F) $35,000

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS INTERNACIONALES, Managua, Nicaragua (Project Director(s): Alejandro Bendana): A research project to examine programs and strategies of demobilization and reintegration of former combatants in Central America. The study, which will focus specific attention on Nicaragua and El Salvador, will address economic and social reintegration, the role of governmental and non governmental organizations and the impact of peace education and training on efforts to promote reconciliation. (SG-3-97) $24,795

CHANDRAHASAN, ANN NIRMALA, Cambridge, MA (Project Director(s): Nirmala Chandrahasan): A grant in support of a comparative study of the extent to which international human rights standards and international conventions on refugee law have been applied in the practice of states making determinations regarding refugee status and asylum. This work will take the handling of Tamil refugees as a case study. (USIP-277) $5,000

CHR. MICHELSEN INSTITUTE, Paradis, Norway (Project Director(s): Astri Suhrke): A project to develop principles for reforming the international refugee regime, the system by which refugees are accepted and relocated to host countries. The project will apply concepts from regime theory to analyze appropriate principles and means for an organized international burden-sharing system for refugees. The study will include a special focus on Europe's experience with war refugees from the former Yugoslavia. (USIP-121-94F) $29,000

COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): John W. Heffernan): A grant for a symposium to review and evaluate the work of the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. Engaging top officials in the Tribunals, specialists in international humanitarian law, and NGOs associated with the Tribunals, the symposium will draw lessons from the Tribunals' previous work and provide guidance for increasing their effectiveness in promoting justice, peace and reconciliation in the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. (USIP-690) $29,570

COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Stefanie Frease): A program to increase understanding among the Serbian media of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in the Hague. Twenty Serbian journalists and editors will be brought to the Hague to meet with senior members of the Tribunal's various sections, observe trial proceedings, and engage in direct dialogue with Tribunal staff about its work. (SG-56-01) $25,200

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, New York, NY (Project Director(s): Betty Reardon): A grant to educate elementary and secondary school teachers on the relationship between human rights and international peace. The project will (1) prepare model human rights courses for inclusion in peace studies curricula for graduate schools of education, (2) prepare human rights and peace program outlines and other curricular materials for in-service teacher education courses, and (3) provide curriculum guides for secondary school human rights and peace education. (USIP-143) $40,000

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, New York, NY (Project Director(s): Betty Reardon): A grant to continue the effort to educate elementary and secondary school teachers on the relationship between human rights and international peace. The project will continue to (1) prepare model human rights courses for inclusion in peace studies curricula for graduate schools of education, (2) prepare human rights and peace program outlines and other curricular materials for in-service teacher education courses, and (3) provide curriculum guides for secondary school human rights and peace education. (USIP-445) $50,000

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, New York, NY (Project Director(s): J. Paul Martin): Based on case studies of Angola, Sierra Leone, Mozambique, Liberia, Uganda, El Salvador, Guatemala and Colombia, the project will develop and disseminate a handbook focusing on effective curriculum design, learning strategies, and assessment techniques in human rights education in conflict and post-conflict situations. (USIP-156-98F) $35,000

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT GROUP, Cambridge, MA (Project Director(s): Abram Chayes & Antonia Handler Chayes): A book project that develops a strategy for organizational reform and other ways in which international, regional and nongovernmental organizations, particularly the UN system, might work together more effectively to prevent, manage, and prevent the recurrence of the kind of violent internal conflicts that have plagued the post-cold war world. (USIP-082-96F) $40,000

COST OF THE TROUBLES STUDY, Belfast, BT1S 2GG Northern Ireland(Project Director(s): Marie Smyth): A project to make a video film on survivors of violence in Northern Ireland, concentrating on the feelings of these individuals and their needs. Themes include the experience of living in the isolation of silence, relationships between individuals, and effects of the trauma. (USIP-148-98F) $45,000

COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, New York, NY (Project Director(s): Barnett R. Rubin): A grant to continue support for the Great Lakes Policy Forum, which promotes coordination, improves policy analysis, and inter-sectoral interaction among organizations working on conflict prevention and peacebuilding in the Great Lakes region of Central Africa. (SG-49-98) $43,800

CRIMES OF WAR EDUCATION PROJECT, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Alan Dorsey): A project to develop a web site containing information on humanitarian law and analyses of armed conflicts, focusing specifically on war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. The initiative will also implement a series of seminars for reporters and editors, and develop curriculum on humanitarian law and war for both university schools of journalism and high schools. (SG-144-00) $30,000

CUNY CENTER, THE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Kimberly A. Maynard): A research and action project that addresses the need for non-governmental organizations working in conflict environments to link their humanitarian programs to long-term peacebuilding. The two-phased project will include interaction with staff members of three NGOS (World Vision International, Mercy Corps International and Catholic Relief Services), to develop baseline data on their methodologies, practices and common elements, and to identify consistent gaps and obstacles. The project's second phase will include a workshop for the NGO community to share research findings. (SG-22-01) $35,000

DECTER, MOSHE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Moshe Decter): A grant in support of a study on the connection between world peace and human rights as it concerns Soviet-American relationship. Topics to be discussed include: (1) the relations of the two powers, as they are affected by human rights issues; (2) democratic movements in the USSR and reverberations in Western public opinion; (3) the state of human rights in the Soviet Union; (4) the relationship between detente and democratization; (5) the question of the optimal balance of outside influence and internal pressure for change inside the USSR; and (6) the relation between human rights and individual liberty and peace. (USIP-133) $12,000

DUKE UNIVERSITY, Durham, NC (Project Director(s): Madeline Morris): A conference organized in collaboration with the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda to identify the most appropriate and efficacious roles for national and international criminal justice systems in responding to mass crimes in violent conflicts. (USIP-673) $26,806

EASTERN MENNONITE UNIVERSITY, Harrisonburg, VA (Project Director(s): Pat Hostetter Martin): A project providing scholarship funding to enable peacebuilding practitioners from around the world to attend the University's Summer Peacebuilding Institute. The Institute offers five intensive five-, seven- and ten-day courses that provide specialized training in peacebuilding, conflict transformation, truama healing and restorative justice. (SG-30-01) $20,000

EMORY UNIVERSITY, Atlanta, GA (Project Director(s): Jamal Benomar): A grant to support a colloquium of human rights specialists from non-governmental organizations in preparation for the United Nations World Conference on Human Rights in June 1993. The purpose of both the colloquium and the UN conference is to prepare recommendations on how to improve the effectiveness of the UN in promoting human rights. This colloquium is being organized at the request of the UN Under-Secretary General for Human Rights, and the papers prepared and the recommendations generated by the colloquium are expected to provide valuable material for the United Nations conference. (USIP-651) $40,000

EPISCOPAL DIVINITY SCHOOL, Cambridge, MA (Project Director(s): Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela): A book project that traces the evolution of the apartheid South African government's chief assassin, including the influences that shaped him, his appearance before the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and his subsequent encounters with the families of his victims. The work will also probe the notions of evil, apology, forgiveness and restorative justice in the context of personal and societal transformation. (USIP-113-01S) $30,000

EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, San Domenico di Fiesole, Italy (Project Director(s): Philippe C. Schmitter & Imco Brouwer): A study of the efforts of Western democracies to promote the democratization of authoritarian regimes in the Arab Middle East. The initiative will examine the conceptual underpinnings of democracy promotion policies, programs and projects; describe and evaluate the impact of activities undertaken by American and European agencies and organizations that target Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco and the Palestinian Territories; and develop new approaches to improving democracy promotion in the region. (USIP-138-97S) $35,000

F-INFORMATION, Geneva, Switzerland (Project Director(s): Ann Avery): A project to develop, in close collaboration with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), sample curriculum and training packets on conflict resolution for use by teachers at schools in refugee camps. The kits will be pilot tested and revised for use by non-governmental organizations that provide educational services for UNHCR. (USIP-037-97F) $39,500

FACULTAD LATINOAMERICANA DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES-ARGENTINA, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Project Director(s): Jaime Malamud-Goti): A grant to support research on democratic institutions and human rights policies during periods of transition from dictatorship to democracy. The project will focus on the responses of the Argentine judiciary and military to the the transitional policies of the Alfonsin and Menem governments from 1983 through 1990. Comparisons will be made with Chile and Uruguay where similar analysis will also be undertaken. (SG-83-0) $34,500

FINE, JONATHAN E., Cambridge, MA (Project Director(s): Jonathan E. Fine): A project to (1) assess past efforts to monitor situations of conflict and war; (2) examine the feasibility of creating an institutional base for monitoring conflicts and war, either through existing institutions or through a new international institute; and (3) consider whether the same institution might also engage in effective advocacy on behalf of the Geneva Conventions and protocols. (USIP-135-92S) $30,000

FRIENDS OF LIBERIA, Rosslyn, VA (Project Director(s): John Acree): A joint project with a Liberian umbrella NGO organization to work with a broad cross-section of Liberian NGOs to prepare coordinated plans for post-conflict reconstruction, conflict management, and reconciliation in Liberia. (USIP-132-98S) $35,000

FUND FOR PEACE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Adam Mohamed Abdelmoula): A study of Islam and human rights in Sub-Saharan Africa, examining both orthodox (Scriptural and "fundamentalist") Islam as well as its Africanized and culturally assimilated versions. Particular attention will be given to Islamic influence on human rights standards and practices in such countries as Sudan, Nigeria, Senegal and Tanzania. (USIP-092-94S) $33,000

FUND FOR PEACE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Pauline H. Baker): A grant to support a conference to address the inherent tensions between justice and conflict resolution in contemporary peace processes. The conference will assemble those who emphasize inclusion and conflict resolution together with those who emphasize justice and accountability for human rights abuses of the past. Participants will recommend ways that human rights protection, compliance, and enforcement mechanisms can be better integrated into peace processes in an effort to simultaneously advance the objectives of transitional justice and peacemaking. (USIP-012-96F) $37,000

FUND FOR THE CITY OF NEW YORK, New York, NY (Project Director(s): Richard Zorza): A project to develop an interactive Internet-based multilingual resource for the dissemination of statistics and other information about complaints of human rights violations in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. (USIP-071-98S) $38,000

GALILEE CENTER FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH, Haifa, Israel (Project Director(s): Khalil Rinnawi): A grant to support the development of a set of textbooks in Arabic on Israel's Arab minority and its relations with Jews in the country. Drawing on previous research, the textbooks will be developed by a bi-national research and educational team and tested and distributed to Arab high schools across the country. (USIP-034-96F) $40,000

GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY, McLean, VA (Project Director(s): Robert W. Farrand): A case study of civilian decision making in the implementation of the Dayton Peace Accord in the contested municipality of Brcko focusing particular attention on such themes as establishing authority, imposing the rule of law, democratizing institutions, and coordinating with military and civilian agencies. The resulting book will also draw lessons about the complexities of rebuilding war-torn communities for civil and military peacebuilding and peacekeeping efforts in other settings. (SG-181-01) $40,172

GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY, Fairfax, VA (Project Director(s): Chris Mitchell): A research project to analyze local zones of peace within societies affected by protracted civil conflict. Focusing particular attention on Colombia, the study will examine the nature and durability of zones of peace and draw lessons about the establishment, maintenance and extension of such zones in the broader process of democratic development. (USIP-119-01S) $35,000

GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Michael Barnett & Martha Finnemore): A research project to explore the power, scope, culture, and consequences of the growing global bureaucracies, with a particular focus on the UN system. (SG-70-98) $40,000

GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Margot Badran): A research initiative to explore the impact of Islamic feminism on the interaction between secular and religious forces in Egypt, Yemen, Turkey and South Africa. The resulting book will also examine ways in which Islamic feminism might reduce tensions and facilitate peaceful relations within society or, alternatively, sustain and exacerbate existing societal antagonisms. (USIP-218-01S) $41,800

GLOBAL YOUTH CONNECT, Cambridge, MA (Project Director(s): Jennifer Kloes): A training and education pilot project for 20-30 young human rights activists in three week summer learning program in order to deepen their understanding of their own contexts, explore broader global frameworks, and stimulate the cross fertilization of ideas. A training manual for trainers focusing on new methodologies for international human rights promotion will be developed. (USIP-151-99S) $35,000

HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Cambridge, MA (Project Director(s): Payam Akhavan): A project to assess the impact of the International Criminal Tribunal on the Yugoslav peace process. The project will also explore the Tribunal's potential role in both advancing inter-ethnic reconciliation and democratization and deterring similar conflicts and atrocities in the Balkan region and elsewhere. The resulting publication would assist the Tribunal in formulating future policy and inform international public opinion about the issues associated with reconciling power and principle in the context of post-conflict peace building. (USIP-038-96S) $30,000

HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Cambridge, MA (Project Director(s): Jennifer Schirmer & David Maybury-Lewis): A research project to draw lessons from the Guatemalan experience as to how militaries interpret, comply with and implement peace accords. The initiative will provide a systematic account of Guatemalan military officers' perceptions of and intentions for the peace process, with the goal of enhancing peace-building capacities of domestic governments and international agencies. (USIP-129-97S) $35,000

HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Cambridge, MA (Project Director(s): Ilene Cohn): A project to determine best practices and lessons learned regarding the protection of children following war, in part to provide research data to the UN Secretary-General's Special Representative on Children and Armed Conflict. (USIP-052-97F) $40,000

HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Bogota, Colombia(Project Director(s): Maria Cristina Caballero): A book project to examine the roots of the political conflict in Colombia, assess it's impact in the region and internationally, and, through interviews with key actors across the political spectrum, posit approaches to advancing the peace process and ending the country's decades-long strife. (USIP-158-98F) $55,000

HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Cambridge, MA (Project Director(s): Martha Minow): A conference and book project focusing on the relationship between development assistance as a dimension of humanitarian assistance in post-conflict settings and efforts to promote or discourage coexistence. By developing research-based criteria for assessing the efforts of humanitarian aid workers and divided communities to promote coexistence, the project will seek to assist them to conceptualize their work in terms of opportunities to develop coexistence. (USIP-072-01S) $32,000

HARVARD UNIVERSITY, WOMEN AND PUBLIC POLICY PROGRAM, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal (Project Director(s): Rita Manchanda): A project to consider whether women's involvement in peacebuilding makes a difference to outcomes. The study will be based on experiences by women in conflict situations in various parts of the world, and will result in an edited volume. (USIP-131-00F) $30,000

HAVERFORD COLLEGE, Haverford, PA (Project Director(s): Anita Isaacs): A project to assess how locally based non-governmental organizations can help contribute to building peace in Guatemala. The research will explore how such organizations define their tasks and implement their activities, and it will seek to determine their effectivess as contributors to the peace process. (USIP-060-97S) $35,000

HEBREW UNIVERSITY, Jerusalem, Israel (Project Director(s): Eyal Benvenisti and Edna Ullman-Margalit): A human rights education project to develop teacher training curriculum, a human rights reader and related materials as part of a training program targeting junior high and high school teachers in Israel. The resulting materials will be disseminated to university schools of education and Arab and Jewish teacher training institutions throughout the country. (USIP-128-00S) $34,220

HRVATSKI PRAVNI CENTAR, Zagreb, Croatia (Project Director(s): Lovorka Kusan): A project to identify and analyze national laws and legal practices that facilitate or inhibit resolution of issues related to citizenship, property and tenancy rights, labor and welfare rights, and the return of refugees and displaced persons in the newly established countries of the former Yugoslavia. (USIP-163-99F) $25,000

INSTITUTE FOR RESOURCE AND SECURITY STUDIES, Cambridge, MA (Project Director(s): Paula Gutlove): Two training workshops to address the integration of conflict management with the delivery of health care, as well as the potential role of health professionals in social reconstruction and community reconciliation, with participants from all parts of the former Yugoslavia. (SG-75-99) $20,000

INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF GENOCIDE, Cambridge, MA (Project Director(s): Helen Fein): A project to probe the terms and limits of the UN Genocide Convention, the increasing incidence of genocide over the past 50 years, and the use and disuse of the Convention. The resulting volume will also examine the new and revised institutions needed to realize the goals of the 1948 Genocide Convention. (USIP-135-98S) $38,000

INSTITUTE ON THE HOLOCAUST & GENOCIDE, Jerusalem, Israel (Project Director(s): Israel W. Charny): A grant to support the creation of a computerized database for the study of holocaust and genocide in the 1980s. (USIP-016-1-89) $50,000

INSTITUTE ON THE HOLOCAUST & GENOCIDE, Jerusalem, Israel (Project Director(s): Israel W. Charny): A grant to enable the Institute to complete work on its computerized bibliographic database covering materials on the holocaust and genocide in all parts of the world. Materials included were published between 1980 and 1990. Once completed the database will contain over 10,000 entries. (USIP-036-92S) $9,050

INTER-AMERICAN DIALOGUE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Michael Shifter): A project to develop concrete proposals for advancing the peace process in Colombia. A series of background papers positing new approaches to aspects of the Colombian crisis will be prepared, presented and refined at a two-day meeting of scholars, journalists, business and labor leaders, NGO representatives and other key policy specialists drawn primarily from Colombia and the region. The resulting report, in both Spanish and English, will be disseminated among government officials and the broader policymaking communities in the United States, Colombia and elsewhere in Latin America. (USIP-199-01S) $40,000

INTERNATIONAL HELSINKI FEDERATION FOR HUMAN RIGHTS, Vienna, Austria (Project Director(s): Aaron Rhodes): A project to analyze media freedoms in Slovenia, document hate speech in the television, radio and print media, and trace the relationship between hate speech and acts that threaten human rights and regional security. The resulting materials will include audiovisual and written documentation, a report on the Slovenian context of hate speech as part of a comprehensive examination of the republics of the former Yugoslavia, and a set of recommendations to national and international bodies on improving the protection of those vulnerable to hate speech. (USIP-096-95S) $24,000

INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW GROUP, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Mark Bromley): A grant to support the preparation of resource and training materials and the implementation of a training program in Bosnia that will provide information about new mechanisms and procedures for protecting human rights established under the Dayton Peace Accord. (USIP-684) $50,000

INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW GROUP, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Stephen Bowen): A grant to support the preparation of resource and training materials and the implementation of a training program in the Republika Srpska that will focus on Article 6 of the European Convention and will highlight the elements needed to establish a prima facie legal claim, evidentiary foundations, and strategies needed to identify and substantiate human rights claims. (USIP-149-97F) $45,000

INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW GROUP, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Gay McDougall): A project to assist civil society organizations in the Congo conduct a grassroots assessment of the justice system to generate recommendations for reform, as a step toward the institution of the rule of law and the effective management of societal conflicts. (USIP-124-98S) $40,000

INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW GROUP, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Paul Simo): A program to raise public awareness of key human rights provisions of the Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement for Burundi and provide training to human rights practitioners on transitional justice issues. Engaging a multi-ethnic group of human rights organizations, the project will prepare and distribute a guide to human rights provisions of the Arusha accord and hold workshops on such topics as accountability for human rights violations, the effect of amnesties, and the comparative experiences of truth commissions and historical accountability projects in other countries. (USIP-160-00F) $35,000

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES, London, United Kingdom (Project Director(s): Christopher J. Greenwood
Gerald Segal-DECEASED): A project to consider the changing impact of international law on the resort to force by states, in particular whether international law is developing in ways which restrict the freedom of action of states in the context of seccesionist movements or other internal unrest. (USIP-006-98F) $18,000

INTERNEWS NETWORK, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Mark Frohardt): A film project exploring the debate over the three-tiered judicial system prosecuting those suspected of involvement in the Rwandan genocide. The documentary, which will be aired in Rwanda and internationally, seeks to expand awareness and understanding of the on-going efforts to promote justice in the aftermath of the 1994 genocide. (USIP-106-00F) $40,000

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Craig Etcheson): A research project to investigate the attempt to establish a mixed national-international tribunal-a new institutional form-on war crimes in Cambodia, focusing particularly on the obstacles to date and the lessons that may be gleaned. The project will result in a book. (SG-41-01) $44,000

JUSTICE AFRICA, London, United Kingdom (Project Director(s): Yoanes Ajawin): A project to provide monthly policy briefs on Sudan with a focus on various peace processes and other developments that might influence them. Circulated by e-mail to a selected audience of influential policymakers and specialists on Sudan, the briefs are based on access to a wide range of sources in Sudan and suggest strategies for promoting peace. (USIP-179-00F) $30,360

KINGS COLLEGE LONDON, Hants, United Kingdom (Project Director(s): John Mackinlay): A project to develop a new handbook for miliary officers and humanitarian agencies engaged in complex emergencies. The handbook, which will be jointly produced by the UN Office of Humanitarian Affairs, NATO's department for Civil Emergency Planning and Kings College London, will be designed to promote co-operation and best practices during conflict stabilization and post-conflict peacebuilding between mid-level staff in the military forces and humanitarian agencies. (SG-35-01) $40,000

LANDMINE SURVIVORS NETWORK, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Jerry White): A project to establish a network to promote social and inter-communal reconciliation through cooperative action among landmine survivors and disability groups in Bosnia. (USIP-082-98S) $25,000

MEDIATION WAY, INC., Acton, MA (Project Director(s): Gonca Sonmez-Poole): A research project that examines the Kurdish issue in Turkey, steps needed to consolidate democracy in that country, and the broader theme of how developing democracies accommodate the often conflicting rights of sovereignty and self-determination. (USIP-035-98F) $20,000

MIDDLE EAST CHILDREN'S ASSOCIATION, MECA, Jerusalem, Israel (Project Director(s): Adina Shapiro and Ghassan Abdullah): An educational seminar engaging Palestinian and Israeli elementary and middle school teachers to: 1) assess the impact of the current violence on teachers and their professional capacities in the classroom; 2) develop educational materials that introduce students to human rights concepts and their relevance to tolerance and mutual understanding; and 3) design a work plan for continued inter-ethnic engagement among educators in the context of the ongoing violence. (USIP-727) $35,000

NANSEN ENVIRONMENTAL AND REMOTE SENSING CENTER, Bergen-Solheimsviken, Norway (Project Director(s): Einar Bjorgo): A project to develop and evaluate products and procedures for enhancing the utility of high-resolution satellite images in humanitarian relief operations around the world. (SG-34-98) $50,000

NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Michael Dziedzic): A project to assess the feasibility of the creation of a multinational, standy constabulary force to assist the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in providing humanitarian relief and protection of vulnerable refugee populations. The project will also yield several teaching cases on lessons learned from international civilian police monitoring in peace operations. (SG-97-98) $34,000

NEW SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH, Brooklyn, NY (Project Director(s): Priscilla B. Hayner): A project to assess the effects of commissions investigating past human rights abuses on achieving justice and advancing conflict resolution. Truth commissions in Chile, Argentina, South Africa, and Uganda will be studied, as will countries in which such commissions have been considered but have not been established. (USIP-059-96S) $42,900

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY, New York, NY (Project Director(s): Thomas M. Franck): A research project to examine the post-1945 experience of states in using unilateral or mulitlateral use of force for alleged security or humanitarian purposes with and without prior UN Security Council authorization. The intent of the research is to produce a model which will predict the conditions under which the international system will oppose, tolerate or support states, or regional organizations using force citing security or humanitarian reasons. (USIP-035-00S) $35,000

NONVIOLENCE INTERNATIONAL, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Warren Strobel & Tiffany Danitz): A project to assess the use of the Internet as a means for organizing nonviolent civic resistance to human rights abuses and authoritarian rule in Burma. The research will investigate the extent of use of the Internet by civic activists within the country and abroad in organizing opposition to the regime, as well as the potential impact of these activities on efforts to democratize. (USIP-695) $10,743

NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY, Raleigh, NC (Project Director(s): Peter H. Martoreela): A project to develop special curricular materials, courses and seminars on refugee issues to provide secondary teachers with resources which can be incorporated into the curriculum. The larger purpose is to promote greater public awareness of the origins, nature, scope, and implications of the growing world refugee crisis. (USIP-028-91F) $25,000

PEACE THROUGH LAW EDUCATION FUND, THE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Beth C. DeGrasse): A research project updating and expanding the group's 1999 study of U.S. military commanders' views of UN and multilateral peace operations. The new study will update the earlier report with lessons learned from Kosovo and other recent missions, and will include the views of senior allied military commanders as well as those from the U.S. It will also explore three issues increasingly integral to the success of such missions: (1) the issue of war crimes and the application of human rights law and conventions; (2) law enforcement/police operations; and (3) the judicial dimension. (USIP-121-00F) $20,000

PRONI INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL EDUCATION, THE, Strosmajerova, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Project Director(s): Enes B. Pasalic & Milorad Zivlak): A project sponsored by displaced persons organizations in Brcko B/H to research the key obstacles to refugee return, including ownership and possession of private property, two-way returns, tenants' rights, and the social/economic components of refugee returns. (USIP-221-00S) $35,000

RADIO KAMELEON, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia & Herzegovina(Project Director(s): Zlatko Berbic): A television and radio programming initiative engaging the mayors of Tuzla, Brcko and Brcko-Ravne to enhance public understanding of and stimulate debate on human rights and democracy-building topics. (USIP-117-99S) $25,000

RADIO KAMELEON, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Project Director(s): Bradaric Ermin): A project to organize and implement a series of multinational pre-election public debates focused on the issues of refugee return and power sharing in the Brcko area. Portions of the debates, which will engage representatives of the leading political parties registered in the Brcko Special District Elections, will be aired on radio and television. (USIP-213-00S) $15,000

REFUGEE POLICY GROUP, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Dennis Gallagher & Susan Forbes Martin): A grant to support a study on programs for repatriating refugees. The project will focus on Afghanistan as a case study. (USIP-610) $35,000

REFUGEE POLICY GROUP, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Larry Minear and Thomas G. Weiss): A grant to make available to various interested readerships the findings of a research initiative already underway, the Humanitarianism and War Project. Using data collected in field studies in armed conflicts around the world, the grant will enable lessons from recent experience to be interpreted in separate publications geared specifically for three distinct publics: the foreign policy community, the academic community, and the concerned international public. Emphasis will be placed on identifying the positive contribution of humanitarian action to conflict resolution and the comparative advantage of multilateral organizations in such initiatives. (USIP-165-93F) $43,000

REFUGEE POLICY GROUP, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Dennis Gallagher & Michel Moussalli): A project to assess recent experience with post-conflict refugee repatriation through reviews of case experience, current law, and developing trends in several parts of the world. The project will recommend new guidelines for governments, international organizations, and NGOs. (SG-117-97) $36,000

REGIS COLLEGE, Weston, MA (Project Director(s): Karen Jacobsen): A project to assess whether the placement of refugees in camps is the best policy alternative for the refugees and for international relief agencies, focusing on two instances of refugee settlement in East Africa. The project will investigate issues related to the protection of refugees, explore modifications or alternatives to camps to improve protection and the delivery of assistance, and analyze how the decisionmaking processes of international relief organizations and governments can be improved. (SG-1-98) $15,000

ROBERT F. KENNEDY MEMORIAL CENTER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Margaret Popkin): A conference in Malawi to discuss the need for investigating the abuses committed during Malawi's past dictatorship. Participants will discuss the reasons for investigating the past in the context of the recent transition to multi-party rule, what aspects of the past need to be addressed, and how such an effort could be carried out. (USIP-103-96S) $27,000

SALVE REGINA UNIVERSITY, PELL CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND PUBLIC POLICY, New Port, RI (Project Director(s): Alberto R. Coll): A conference and book project to explore ways in which the United States and the international community can promote national reconciliation in Cuba and its reintegration into the international community. Drawing on the expertise of top Cuba specialists from the academic and policymaking communities, the initiative will elucidate strategies to encourage a peaceful transition in Cuba, the obstacles that such strategies may encounter, and how those obstacles might be overcome. (USIP-180-99S) $40,000

SAVE THE CHILDREN SWEDEN, Abidjan, Ivory Coast (Project Director(s): Una McCauley (Andy Brooks)): A project to put child rights and protection on the agenda of military and peacekeeping efforts in the West African region. The project will train trainers on child rights issues including the role militaries can play in conflict situations to prevent and protect children and their communities from major abuse. (USIP-207-00S) $31,751

SETON HILL COLLEGE, Greensburg, PA (Project Director(s): Sister Mary Noel Kernan): A grant to support publication of a booklet based on the Center's conference "Peace After Atrocity," including a bibliography of source materials for educational and broader public use. (USIP-504) $2,000

SHANOR, DONALD R., New York, NY (Project Director(s): Donald R. Shanor): A grant on the activities of the independent peace movement in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) through analysis of GDR media and interviews. Special emphasis will be on the impact of human rights questions and glasnost on domestic events in the GDR. (USIP-417) $20,000

SPRING ARBOR COLLEGE, Manitou Beach, MI (Project Director(s): David Rawson): A book project to examine genocide in Rwanda in the context of traditional Rwandan political customs and practices, identity formation under colonial trusteeship, Hutu rule and exile politics after independence, the Arusha peace process, and the international peacekeeping effort. The research will also focus on policy and program perspectives regarding international humanitarian intervention. (SG-98-00) $35,000

ST. ANTONY'S COLLEGE, London WC2R 3DX, United Kingdom (Project Director(s): Nomi Bar-Yaacov): A study to explore ways to ensure the protection of human rights in the disputed areas in the Israel-Palestinian conflict. The initiative will assess the differing views of the applicability of international law to the occupied territories, draw lessons from the international community's efforts to incorporate and implement human rights protections in the Dayton accord and other agreements, and develop new strategies and mechanisms for the protection of human rights during outbreaks of violence during the period of transition to peace and following a final agreement. (USIP-105-01S) $22,000

STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, BUFFALO, Buffalo, NY (Project Director(s): Claude E. Welch, Jr. ): A grant to study the potential effectiveness of the African Commission on Human and People's Rights in helping establish and maintain human rights in Africa. The study will also assess the extent to which a functioning Commission will enhance the likelihood of domestic and international peace in Africa. (USIP-194-91S) $15,000

STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, BUFFALO, Buffalo, NY (Project Director(s): Claude E. Welch, Jr.): A study of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Africa concerned with human rights abuses. The project will attempt to ascertain the degree to which problems encountered in protecting human rights in Africa are attributable to the weaknesses of human rights NGOs on that continent. The study will recommend strategies for strengthening human rights NGOs in Africa. (USIP-130-92F) $25,000

STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, BUFFALO, Buffalo, NY (Project Director(s): Claude E. Welch, Jr.): A project to assess the effectiveness of international human rights NGOs in helping to protect human rights in the regions where they operate. (USIP-165-00S) $36,000

STOCKHOLM INTERNATIONAL PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SIPRI), Solna, Sweden (Project Director(s): Taylor Seybolt): A comparative empirical study of the effectiveness of humanitarian military intervention in Bosnia, Kosovo, East Timor, Iraqi Kurdistan and Rwanda. The project will consider how best to measure the effectiveness of intervention, factors which account for successful versus unsuccessful interventions, and how to increase the likelihood of success. The results will be published in a book. (SG-43-00) $30,000

SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY, Syracuse, NY (Project Director(s): L. F. E. Goldie): A one-year grant to permit ten US legal scholars to produce papers on international humanitarian law as it applies to armed conflict at sea, both in declared war and covert or low-intensity circumstances. (USIP-151) $20,829

TOKYO FOUNDATION, THE, Tokyo, Japan (Project Director(s): Yoichi Funabashi): A project to explore how historical reconcilation has occurred in the context of past systematic violations of human rights including those of war, invasion, colonization, and genocide. Particular focus will be on Asia-Pacific, with the following cases to be studied: 1) Japan-China, 2) Japan-South Korea, 3) North Korea-South Korea, 4) China-Taiwan, 5) East Timor, 6) Cambodia, 7) Australia-Aborigines, and 8) U.S.-Asia. (USIP-723) $45,000

TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Project Director(s): Jakob Finci): An educational program to make preparations for the creation of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission for Bosnia and Herzegovina. A draft agenda for the Commission will be developed; potential advisory committee members will be identified; and educational meetings will be held throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina to discuss the proposed commission. (USIP-720) $45,000

TWI FOR THE CHILDREN, INC., Springfield, VA (Project Director(s): Philippe Dupont): A project to develop a resource workbook in English and Serbo-Croatian containing methods for identifying and treating post-conflict trauma and stress in children, women and adolescent teens. The workbook, which will include information about existing mechanisms in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska for dealing with post-conflict trauma and engaging victims of conflict in reconciliation efforts, will be disseminated among governmental agencies, service providers, scholars and other researchers working with those suffering from post-conflict trauma. (SG-200-01) $33,280

UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Tone Bringa): A project to document the return of displaced villagers under the Dayton Agreement to one region of Bosnia. Based on extensive field interviews, the initiative will result in a monograph, several journal articles, and a documentary film that will offer insights into rebuilding traumatized communities in Bosnia-Herzogovina and elsewhere. (USIP-167-00S) $40,000

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, HASTINGS COLLEGE OF LAW, San Francisco, CA (Project Director(s): Naomi Roht-Arriaza): A study of the transnational criminal investigations in Spain and other European countries of leaders in the 1970s of the Chilean and Argentine military governments, drawing lessons about the nature of transnational advocacy networks and the permeability of national legal and political systems to transnational litigation. The resulting book will also trace the links among actors in the cases, examine the potential for both internal and interstate conflicts as a result of transnational criminal litigation, and explore the efficacy of the "networked" approach to international justice. (USIP-086-99F) $40,000

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS, Jerusalem, Israel (Project Director(s): Meron Benvenisti): A book project to examine the continuing impact of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict on Israeli society and institutions and explore societal and institutional changes that will be needed to facilitate efforts to reach peace and advance reconciliation. (USIP-020-01F) $41,800

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Project Director(s): J. Whitman): A grant to support further development and dissemination of a wholly electronic scholarly journal and resource guide on the provision of humanitarian assistance. The journal, which is available on-line without a subscription, specializes in disseminating time-urgent materials as well as scholarly articles. (USIP-108-95F) $15,000

UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI, Cincinnati, OH (Project Director(s): Nicholas D. Finke): The development of a bibliographic database of human rights literature to be accessible to human rights researchers around the world via the Internet. This will be the most comprehensive and electronically accessible human rights database in existence. (USIP-153-94S) $30,000

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII FOUNDATION, Honolulu, HI (Project Director(s): R. J. Rummel): A two-year grant to establish a coded and organized database and to produce a monograph based on this data. The project director will collect and examine data by nation, time, and episode on all cases of 20th-century government genocide, politicide, massacres, and other intentional government killings. (USIP-433) $80,000

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII FOUNDATION, Kaneohe, HI (Project Director(s): R. J. Rummel): A grant to continue development of a coded database for the purpose of examining cases of twentieth century genocide, politicide, massacres and other intentional killing. The project will focus particularly on such cases in the Soviet Union, the Peoples' Republic of China, and the Republic of China. (USIP-010-3-90) $25,000

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII FOUNDATION, Honolulu, HI (Project Director(s): Michael Haas): A grant to support a study of human rights performance in approximately one-hundred countries. The research will focus on the extent to which these nations observe human rights, are involved in internal and/or external conflict, and maintain high or low levels of military expenditures. (USIP-090-3-90) $37,846

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII, INSTITUTE FOR PEACE, Honolulu, HI (Project Director(s): Jon Van Dyke, Stephen Uhalley; Betty Jacob (deceased)): A one-year grant to support two programs: (A) Asian Pacific Dialogue: as continuing research seminar for scholars and experts from market, non-market, and mixed economies in the Asian-Pacific region studying international peace and security issues facing that region; and (B) Human Rights Commission to develop a Human Rights Charter and Commission for the Pacific region. (USIP-050) $30,000

UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, Iowa City, IA (Project Director(s): Burns H. Weston): A multidisciplinary initiative engaging leading human rights specialists to explore the problems and prospects of human rights in the 21st century. Marking the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the project will consist of a series of educational, media and cultural events and result in a symposium report and an edited volume on the future of human rights. (USIP-108-98S) $30,000

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, College Park, MD (Project Director(s): Ted Robert Gurr): This project develops early warning tools to discern how communal or other conflicts escalate into humanitarian crises. Three tasks will be undertaken: (1) updating an existing database developed by the Project Director on minority groups at risk for significant human rights violations; (2) testing a theory of conditions that cause humanitarian crises, using case study analysis of six to eight protracted communal conflicts; and (3) preparing a report derived from this research - a "Minorities Watch List" - which assesses the risks that each of more than 200 current communal conflicts will escalate into crises in the late 1990s. (USIP-044-93F) $50,000

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, College Park, MD (Project Director(s): Katherine A. Wilkens): A project to examine the current military and political struggle between the Government of Turkey and the country's Kurdish population. The study will address the role of the United States in this conflict and the implications of the continuation of the conflict. It will also analyze the policy alternatives available to the U.S. and formulate recommendations toward a resolution of the conflict. (USIP-144-95S) $10,000

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, College Park, MD (Project Director(s): Xiaorong Li): A grant for research on Chinese philosophical and cultural traditions as they relate to human rights. Mindful of both the importance of the US-China relationship for global and Asian-Pacific regional security and the significance of human rights in that relationship, the project will attempt to clarify conceptual differences and identify shared concepts in the US and Chinese discourses on human rights. (USIP-087-96S) $34,953

UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI, Miami, FL (Project Director(s): Tommie Sue Montgomery): A project to examine the efficacy and viability of multilateral approaches to peacemaking, democratization, and the defense of human rights in Latin America. A conference and the resulting volume will assess the work of over two dozen United Nations and Organization of American States missions in developing international cooperation in the hemisphere and analyze the challenges to and possibilities for improved international efforts to promote peace and defend human rights. (USIP-124-95S) $37,000

UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, Minneapolis, MN (Project Director(s): David Weissbrodt & Kristi Rudelius-Palmer): A grant to establish an Internet Web site focusing on international peace and human rights. The Web site will make available the most comprehensive collection of treaties, documents, decisions, reports, resource guides and other educational materials from the United Nations, regional intergovernmental bodies, nongovernmental organizations and other agencies. The Web site will also provide links to hundreds of intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations dedicated to advancing international peace and promoting human rights. (USIP-069-96S) $36,000

UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA, Lincoln, NE (Project Director(s): David P. Forsythe): A grant to support a study on the relationship between human rights and peace, focusing on contemporary examples of internal political revolution in two respects: (1) the role of human rights denial in producing the internal violence; and (2) the linkage between this internal situation and international violence. (USIP-527) $33,000

UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME, Oxford, United Kingdom (Project Director(s): Gil Loescher): A project to examine the role of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees from its founding in 1950 to the present. The book-length study will investigate previous UNHCR successes and failures and offer policy recommendations on how the international community can more effectively address the humanitarian needs of refugees and internally displaced persons. (SG-11-98) $40,000

UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME, Notre Dame, IN (Project Director(s): Raimo Vayrynen): A project to study the emerging military and non-military capabilities of the European Union to manage political and humanitarian crises, and their implications for relations with the U.S. and NATO. (SG-54-00) $33,000

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, SOLOMON ASCH CENTER, Philadelphia, PA (Project Director(s): Ian S. Lustick & Ann M. Lesch): A project engaging a team of prominent Israeli, Palestinian and North American scholars to explore the issue of refugees, with a particular focus on "Rights of Return"-a central them in the experience and narratives of both Jews and Palestinians. Based on increased knowledge of events of 1948, advances in the study of collective memory, and experience with truth, justice, and reconciliation commissions, the conference program will result in a book that examines these two "Rights," the potential role of truth and reconciliation commissions in the settlement of protracted ethnic or religious disputes, and how the human capacity to trade elements of truth for elements of justice might contribute to processes leading to the implementation of political arrangements. (USIP-154-01F) $45,000

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, Los Angeles, CA (Project Director(s): Geoffrey R. Wiseman): A research project to explore the need for traditional state-centered bilateral and multilateral diplomatic concepts and practices to be complemented with what is referred to as "polylateral" layers of diplomacy which include non-state actors. The concept of polylateralism will be developed and tested against two security case studies: the Ottawa landmines treaty and the institutionalization of security dialogue in the Asia-Pacific region. (SG-86-99) $38,500

WASHINGTON OFFICE ON LATIN AMERICA, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Jared Kotler & Sergio Aguayo): A grant to study how the international community can assist in efforts to further democratization and conflict resolution in Mexico, with special emphasis on the uprising in Chiapas province. The project will include a series of roundtable discussions in Washington to help provide long-term analysis to U.S., Mexican and multilateral policymakers, as well as scholars, media, and non-governmental organizations. (USIP-191-94S) $40,000

WASHINGTON OFFICE ON LATIN AMERICA, Bogota, Colombia South America (Project Director(s): Daniel Garcia-Peña): An examination of the Colombian peace process during the presidency of Ernesto Samper, drawing lessons for understanding and addressing the current crisis in Colombia. The resulting book will address such topics as civil-military relations, the paramilitary groups, narcotrafficking and the illicit arms trade, the emergence of civil society, the development of a new concept of sustainable peace, international humanitarian law, and the role of the United States and the international community in the Colombian conflict. (USIP-157-00S) $38,000

WASHINGTON OFFICE ON LATIN AMERICA, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Rachel Neild): A conference and book project on public security reform in transitional societies. Engaging donors, practitioners and researchers from the Western Hemisphere with experience in public security reform processes in El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala and Haiti, the initiative will address such issues as the conditions that affect democratic policing in fragile post-conflict democracies, the role of international actors in police reform, and the implications of sequencing international military missions, civilian police missions and institutional development assistance in post-conflict settings. The resulting study will also explore the relevance of lessons from the Latin American context for other post-conflict and transitional settings. (USIP-073-00F) $25,000

WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, St. Louis, MO (Project Director(s): Leila Nadya Sadat): A book project to examine the organization and operation of the International Criminal Court, its theoretical underpinnings, and its potential impact on the existing sub-structure of international law. (USIP-101-99F) $30,000

WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY, Morgantown, WV (Project Director(s): Sophia Peterson): A project to convene a conference and workshop series for college and university faculty in West Virginia focusing on teaching human rights and ethical issues in world affairs. The resulting volume will include the proceedings of the conference and workshops, resources to facilitate the introduction of the subject in college courses, audio-visual materials, simulations, case studies, syllabi and a compilation of human rights organizations engaged in public education. (USIP-107-95S) $18,000

WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Hugo Fruhling): Recognizing that a core issue in transitional justice and reconciliation in Latin America is the role of the police, this study will examine the Chilean model of policing, compare it with those in Argentina and Peru, and assess its impact on the process of democratic consolidation. (USIP-052-95F) $31,500

WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Fedor Burlatsky): A book project to assess the impact of U.S. policy on the implementation of human rights in the USSR and Russia over the past three decades. (USIP-041-97F) $27,500

WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS, Silver Spring, MD (Project Director(s): Patricia Gossman): A project to research and evaluate alternative approaches taken by international relief organizations to promote human rights while delivering humanitarian assistance under conditions that intrinsically jeopardize those rights. The report will focus on Afghanistan, and be widely distributed among human rights and humanitarian groups in order to enhance relief efforts without undermining human rights work. (USIP-168-99S) $39,600

WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS, Washington DC (Project Director(s): Howard E. Wolpe): A case study of the Burundi peace process focusing particular attention on the regional context of the conflict and the complex diplomatic environment of international efforts to assist in its resolution. The resulting book, which will examine the dynamics, regional context and implications of the conflict as well as international perspectives and efforts to coordinate diplomatic and donor support for a resolution, will draw lessons for policymakers on ways to strengthen African conflict resolution capacities and enhance the effectiveness of interventions by the international community. (USIP-725) $44,000

WORLD CONFERENCE ON RELIGION AND PEACE, New York, NY (Project Director(s): Jon M. Ebersole): A study in support of a task force to develop ethical and legal criteria for UN policy on the use of force in the delivery of humanitarian assistance. The task force, composed of leading practitioners and experts in the fields of humanitarian relief, ethics, law, and military affairs, is producing a consensus document for distribution to the mission of all member states of the UN, governmental and nongovernmental relief agencies, military attaches of governments involved in peacekeeping operations, and academic institutions. (USIP-154-93S) $25,000

YESHIVA UNIVERSITY, New York, NY (Project Director(s): Stephen P. Marks): A grant to support a conference of American and Soviet legal scholars on expanding and strengthening the rule of law in the Soviet Union. The project will explore the long-term prospects for constitutional and legal reform in the areas of human rights and economic transformation. (SG-149-0) $15,000

YORK UNIVERSITY, Toronto, ON, Canada (Project Director(s): Howard Adelman): A study of the repatriation and reintegration of Ethiopian and Eritrean refugees and internally displaced persons and their impact on the peace process and the prospects for a lasting peace between the two countries. (SG-109-01) $36,000

Last updated 6/11/02