Funded Projects: National and Collective Security

ACCESS, A SECURITY INFORMATION SERVICE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Mary E. Lord): A grant to edit, print, and distribute the Directory of Western European Peace Research Institutes, by Dr. Robert Rudney. (USIP-641) $4,178

AMERICAN ASSEMBLY, New York, NY (Project Director(s): Daniel A. Sharp): A grant to support a conference to examine new techniques and technologies that may be used in U.S. intervention in the post-Cold War world. The conference will consider the changing post-Cold War environment; adaptations of conventional military force, such as peacekeeping; new techniques for preventive diplomacy; sanctions and other nonviolent means; and policy guidelines for examining when, where, why, and how the U.S. should intervene and how the U.S. government may need to be reorganized to respond appropriately. (USIP-104-93F) $25,000

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Elizabeth J. Kirk): A project which offers three courses on peace and security policy in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The three courses are: (1) Peace and Security Policy; (2) Collective Security and Defense Planning; and (3) Ethnic and Environmental Dimensions of Security. The purpose is to prepare civilian specialists to participate in policymaking on security in these countries. (USIP-081-92F) $50,000

AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION-FUND FOR JUSTICE AND EDUCATION, Fairfax, VA (Project Director(s): Robert S. Rudney): A project to provide public and professional education on critical non-proliferation issues. The project focuses on the rationalization of U.S. dual-use export control regulations, the implementation of non-proliferation policies in the former Soviet Union, and integration of the international non-proliferation regime. (USIP-137-93S) $26,800

AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR CONTEMPORARY GERMAN STUDIES, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Robbin Laird): A grant to support a study assessing options for the evolution of the European security structure by analyzing the interaction of Soviet and West German policies. The study will attempt to identify possible alternative patterns for the evolution of the Soviet-West German security relationship and the implication of such patterns for alternative security regimes and the process of peaceful resolution of East-West security challenges. (USIP-035-2-90) $30,000

AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Emilio Viano): A project to study emerging transnational policing as a component of international cooperation in response to the globalization of criminal networks and the threat they pose to international peace. The project, a study of this issue as it relates to the European Union, will focus on the need to redefine security and the fact that non-state organizations can pose major security threats. The project is expected to yield a book on ways transnational cooperation can stem the threats posed by international criminal organizations. (SG-105-97) $37,938

AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO, Cario, Egypt (Project Director(s): John Swanson & Dan Tschirgi): A grant to support a conference on the social, political and economic dimensions of the quest for order and stability in the post-Gulf War Arab World. Issues to be considered include: the Arab political order in the aftermath of the Gulf crisis; political reform and democratization; regional security; development and reconstruction; environmental degradation; social dislocation; education and development; and involvement of external powers. (USIP-80-91S) $35,000

ARIAS FOUNDATION FOR PEACE AND HUMAN PROGRESS, San Jose, Costa Rica (Project Director(s): Luis G. Solis): A project to analyze the social, economic and political costs of military expenditure in Central America. The study will recommend new policies relating to demobilization and military expenditure conversion, aimed at transferring resources to promote development without weakening internal or regional security. (SG-108-92) $30,000

ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, Tempe, AZ (Project Director(s): Gerald R. Kleinfeld): A project to examine and analyze security relationships between states of the former Soviet Union, with particular attention to relations between Russia and Kazakhstan and between Russia and Ukraine. The study will attempt to outline paths to peace and stability in the former Soviet Union, and will include consideration of possible roles for NATO, the CSCE, and the West in this process. (USIP-068-92F) $35,000

ASSOCIATION FOR DIPLOMATIC STUDIES AND TRAINING, Arlington, VA (Project Director(s): James E. Goodby): A project to map out ways of making a step-by-step transition from the first phase of NATO enlargement to a Euroatlantic community in which Russia is fully integrated with the West. (USIP-711) $35,000

ASSOCIATION POUR LES RECHERCHES ET LES ETUDES SUR LES STRATÉGIES ET LES TECHNOLOGIES, Paris, France (Project Director(s): Alain Rouvez & Jean Paul Paddack): A grant to support a project on French, Belgian, and British military involvement in Sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on political and military effectiveness. (SG-74-9) $51,750

BETHUNE-COOKMAN COLLEGE, Daytona Beach, FL (Project Director(s): Jake Miller): A grant to support research on external involvement in the civil wars in Angola, Chad, Sudan, and Ethiopia. The project will assess the role of African nations, superpowers, international organizations, and nongovernmental organizations. (SG-51-8) $40,000

BOSTON COLLEGE, Chestnut Hill, MA (Project Director(s): Robert S. Ross): A grant to support a study on the impact of Sino-Soviet detente on efforts to resolve the conflict in Cambodia, with special emphasis on Moscow's recent move away from Hanoi's policy in Cambodia. (USIP-038-1-89) $30,000

BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY, Waltham, MA (Project Director(s): Robert J. Art): A grant to support a study on the future of the NATO alliance. The project will examine the evolving roles of the Germans within NATO and the Soviets without, and will consider the impact of nuclear weaponry on alliance cohesion and NATO's choices in the coming decade. (USIP-066-1-89) $18,000

BROOKINGS INSTITUTION, THE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Rodney W. Jones): A project to analyze the effects of NATO enlargement on U.S.-Russian and European security relationships to generate policy-relevant insights that could help strengthen arms control and nuclear security objectives. The project will focus on Russia's evolving national security policy in the post-Soviet era in order to place the NATO enlargement debate into a broader context and to discern the implications of enlargement for past and future arms control talks such as the START negotiations. (SG-100-97) $38,500

BROWN UNIVERSITY, Providence, RI (Project Director(s): Susan Graseck): A project to develop and disseminate a reproducible curriculum unit for high school students on the search for security in the countries of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. The materials will discuss U.S. foreign policy options in relation to these countries. The materials will be designed to be incorporated into standard American high school social studies courses. (USIP-050-92F) $30,000

BROWN UNIVERSITY, Providence, RI (Project Director(s): Jan Kalicki & Richard Smoke (R. Smoke is deceased)): A project to enable the concluding phase of the Security for Europe Project to achieve three goals: 1) consideration of policies to improve European security over the next twenty years; 2) in-depth research on the attitudes of publics in key regions of Europe regarding European security issues; and 3) assistance to the democratization process in the six participating countries east of Germany (the Czech republic, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Ukraine and Slovakia). (USIP-150-93S) $20,000

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Pasadena, CA (Project Director(s): Peter C. Ordeshook): A study of the effectiveness of certain federal constitutional structures in ameliorating ethnic tensions in ethnically divided states. These features are (1) constitutional secession clauses; (2) subunit vetoes; and (3) ways in which specification of subunits and electoral institutions can substitute for explicit secession and veto provisions. (SG-89-92) $30,000

CALIFORNIA SEMINAR ON INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND FOREIGN POLICY, Santa Monica, CA (Project Director(s): Robert Perry and Joseph Nation): A grant to evaluate the potential role of nuclear force standdown and deescalatory measures in ending a U.S.-Soviet nuclear crisis. The study will examine costs and benefits of strategic nuclear force standdown and deescalatory measures, different methodologies for evaluating them, Soviet incentives for surprise attack during a crisis, and the likelihood and potential costs of Soviet noncompliance with agreed-upon standdown and deescalatory measures. (USIP-448) $15,550

CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Virginia I. Foran): A research and workshop program to assess and monitor the use of incentive packages to dissuade states from developing nuclear weapons and to recommend ways in which political and economic incentives may be applied to current proliferation problems. (USIP-103-95F) $25,000

CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY, Pittsburgh, PA (Project Director(s): Joseph I. Coffey): A grant to support examination of force postures and capabilities that may result from major cuts in U.S. and Soviet strategic nuclear forces. The project will also assess the implications for the effectiveness of the U.S. guarantee and its credibility in theory and practice. (SG-14-8) $25,000

CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL POLICY, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Anne Grant & Joaquin Tacsan): A grant to support the documentation of the role of foreign military assistance in Central America and to develop a blue print for change which policymakers can endorse in both the United States and in Central America. The findings of the research will be presented at two conferences attended by policymakers and experts who work on national security, arms control and development issues in the region. One conference will be held in Washington, D.C. and the other in Costa Rica at the Arias Foundation. A report will be published laying out policy initiatives for the United States, Costa Rica, and the region. (USIP-154-93F) $40,000

CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL POLICY, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Adam Isacson & William Goodfellow): A grant to support a conference and book project on collective security and demilitarization in Central America. Engaging government and military leaders, representatives of nongovernmental organizations and specialists from United States and international agencies, the project will examine the issue of collective security in developing regions, focusing specific attention on approaches to developing a collective security mechanism in the region. (USIP-046-96F) $30,000

CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Robert Hunter & David Wendt): A grant to support research on restructuring the European regional security system. The project goals are to develop criteria for a new conceptual framework for security in Europe; to elaborate the steps to be taken in both East and West toward a transformed institutional structure; to develop a new West-West approach to security; and to disseminate findings on both sides of the Atlantic. (USIP-061-3-90) $30,000

CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Kimberly Hamilton): A study of the challenge of migration in Europe to traditional notions of national and regional security, and the impact on trans-Atlantic relations. The study will focus on: (1) perceptions of immigration in Western Europe; (2) results of economic interventions by the sending regions in stemming the tide of immigration; (3) the political and economic challenges of integrating immigrants into the receiving countries; and (4) multilateral responses, with particular attention to the lessons from Yugoslavia and Albania. (USIP-145-92F) $20,000

CENTER FOR STRATEGIC & BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS (CSBA), Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Andrew Krepinevich): A project to examine the effects of technological advances on the character of conflict and associated intervention and peacekeeping operations. The study will address the "military revolution" in such areas as weaponry, communications and military and political culture, and assess the potential impact of those advances on U.S. efforts to prevent, deter, contain, or resolve internal conflict in countries overseas. (SG-56-95) $25,000

CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY, Mt. Pleasant, MI (Project Director(s): Orlando Perez): A book project exploring the transformation of civil-military relations in the post-authoritarian Central American countries of Panama, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua. The research will examine the domestic and international influences on civil-military relations, the new roles and missions of the armed forces, and public and military attitudes toward democracy and authoritarianism. (USIP-104-01S) $38,000

CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES EUROPEO-LATINOAMERICANAS, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Project Director(s): Thomas Scheetz): A grant in support of a comparative study of military expenditures as a potential threat to development and democratization in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Peru from 1969 through 1989. The project will examine the impact of defense spending on GDP growth, savings/investment, and balance of payments. (USIP-182-90F) $20,000

CENTRO PERUANO DE ESTUDIOS INTERNACIONALES (CEPEI), Lima, Peru (Project Director(s): Alejandro Deustua Caravedo): A grant to support research on drug-trafficking as a security and foreign policy issue in Peru. Research will focus on the historical background of the issue; the nature of the threat as defined in producing, consumer, and transit countries; the local and regional implications of drug-trafficking; and national and multilateral approaches to combating and eliminating the problem. (SG-51-0) $30,000

CITIZENS NETWORK, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Richard E. Bissell): A study of defense conversion and the shifting of government budgetary allocations from defense to non-defense programs in selected countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The project will develop recommendations for how countries can most effectively engage in defense conversation and reductions in defense expenditures. (USIP-132-93S) $33,000

COATS, WENDELL, New London, CT (Project Director(s): Wendell J. Coats, Jr.): A grant for a monograph-length study critically analyzing and evaluating the present impact (and assumptions) of the McNamara model for the use of armed force, as developed by the Department of Defense under Secretary Robert McNamara. (USIP-460) $15,000

COMMITTEE FOR POLICY STUDIES, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): C. Dennison Lane): A project to analyze the Royal Thai Army's successful nonviolent campaign against the Communist insurgency in Thailand. Taking into account the political, social and economic roots of conflicts around the world, the researcher will also develop lessons relevant to other countries and for future U.S. peacekeeping missions. (USIP-093-95S) $35,000

COUNCIL FOR A LIVABLE WORLD EDUCATION FUND, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Jim Walsh): A research project to document and analyze Iranian nuclear decision making, focusing on the role of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. Based on interviews and other original source material, the resulting monograph will provide a profile of Iranian nuclear decision making and shed light on the broader question of nuclear proliferation. (USIP-177-01S) $34,100

COUNCIL FOR INTER-AMERICAN SECURITY FOUNDATION, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): William Perry): A grant to support research on the effectiveness of the existing inter-American security system to deal with new security threats to the Western Hemisphere. The project will result in proposals and recommendations designed to stimulate public discussion and policy deliberation. (SG-66-0) $40,000

COUNCIL FOR INTER-AMERICAN SECURITY FOUNDATION, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): L. Francis Bouchey): A grant to consider possible reforms of the Inter-American system through revisions to the Rio Treaty and integration of military and political components of the inter-American security system. (USIP-096-91F) $10,000

DEPAUL UNIVERSITY, Chicago, IL (Project Director(s): Barry Kellman): A project to define appropriate legal concepts to address the changing nature of arms control in the post-Cold War era. The research will employ military strategic theory to assess how international law can better contribute to military security. The project will yield recommendations on strengthening international efforts to control catastrophic weapons. (USIP-050-97S) $35,000

FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, Philadelphia, PA (Project Director(s): Ross Munro): A grant to support examination of prospects for peace and war in South Asia and the Indian Ocean Basin. Research will focus on the implications for the region of India's foreign and defense policies. Various rationales for India's military buildup; India's actual and desired role in regional and international relations; perceived military threats to India; and Indian elite attitudes toward war and peace, collective security, and conflict resolution, will be analyzed. (USIP-94-91S) $40,000

FOURTH FREEDOM FORUM, INC., Goshen, IN (Project Director(s): David Cortright): A project to assess the impact of sanctions on humanitarian conditions in targeted countries, with an emphasis on developing more effective ways of imposing sanctions targeted against political elites while protecting vulnerable populations. The project will include specific case studies of multilateral sanctions imposed on Haiti, South Africa, Iraq, and the former Yugoslavia. (USIP-041-96S) $37,000

FRIENDS OF ISRAEL/PALESTINE CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND INFORMATION, Long Beach, NY (Project Director(s): Gershon Baskin & Zakaria al Qaq): A project involving a conference and a follow-on study group to consider security in the Middle East. Particular attention will be given to security issues relating issues to autonomy and internal self-government for Palestinians. (USIP-650) $25,000

GALFO, ARMAND J., Williamsburg, VA (Project Director(s): Armand J. Galfo): A travel and research-support grant for an article on the effect of peace studies on West German secondary school public perceptions of the NATO-Warsaw Pact confrontation. (USIP-033) $5,700

GARRETT, BANNING, Reston, VA (Project Director(s): Banning Garrett): A grant to support research on the development and assessment of possible approaches for a transition to a non-adversarial post-Cold War relationship among major powers in Northeast Asia. The project will analyze Soviet, Chinese, Japanese and American perspectives on the nature of the relationship and examine modalities for easing tensions, reducing forces and enhancing security cooperation in the region. (USIP-76-90F) $30,000

GELLER, DANIEL S., University, MS (Project Director(s): Daniel S. Geller): A grant to examine the impact of the possession of nuclear weapons on patterns of international conflict. The study will focus on escalation patterns in some 393 militarized interstate disputes that have occurred from 1946 to 1976. (SG-01-8) $4,000

GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Martha Finnemore): A project to examine Pentagon involvement in shaping U.S. policy toward humanitarian intervention and to analyze Pentagon responses to recent humanitarian crises in Iraq, Somalia, Bosnia, Rwanda and Haiti. Testing the hypothesis that the military's perception of its own ability to be effective in humanitarian missions determines its position in debates over whether to deploy troops, the study will focus on the Pentagon's role in determining whether military means are chosen to deal with humanitarian crises and on the effect of involvement in these missions on military structure, training and readiness. (SG-79-95) $12,156

GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): John C. Baker): A project to assess how images from commercial observation satellites can help promote confidence in the southeast Asia-Pacific rim region by making information that was previously available only to governments on the sensitive region publicly available to all parties, including international organizations, scholars and non-governmental organizations. The research will address how such enhanced transparency may assist in the creation of a multilateral regime to monitor developments in the disputed South China Sea region to build confidence and improve regional security. (USIP-152-97S) $38,500

GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): William O'Brien): A grant in support of a project on Israel's war with the PLO, which examines the war in terms of its morality and its legality. (USIP-517) $30,000

GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Nancy B. Tucker): A project to examine events between the Korean War and the Cultural Revolution in China (1953-1966) and the challenge this period of turmoil posed to U.S. policymakers to glean insights into present Sino-U.S. relations. Based on examination of the historical record, the project will derive lessons for current policy. (USIP-040-93F) $35,000

GLOBAL OUTLOOK, Palo Alto, CA (Project Director(s): Gloria Duffy): A project involving meetings and discussions between legislators from the U.S. and from the republics of the former Soviet Union focused on the legislative role in creating defense and security policy. The purpose is to help build public oversight of defense and security policy in the commonwealth republics by working to strengthen the knowledge and contacts of the newly elected legislators in the republic parliaments. The project will also familiarize members of the U.S. Congress and executive branch and the U.S. peace and security community with the development of security policy in the former Soviet republics. (USIP-057-92S) $20,000

GRIFFITH UNIVERSITY, Queensland, Australia (Project Director(s): Russell Trood & Ken Booth): A project utilizing the concept of strategic culture and assessing its importance in shaping the regional security environment in the Asia-Pacific region. The study will attempt to define the strategic cultures of selected regional states and explore: (a) the extent to which cultures contribute to regional peacemaking and conflict resolution activities, and (b) the extent to which strategic cultures in the region encourage the emergence of regional security regimes. (USIP-061-92F) $30,000

HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Cambridge, MA (Project Director(s): Ernest R. May): A seminar to bring together thirty key members of the Ukrainian national security community with U.S. policy makers, experts on military affairs, and Harvard faculty in order to help Ukraine address its challenges in civil- military relations, including power sharing, accountability, and civilian control of the policy-making processes in a democratic context. (SG-96-97) $45,000

HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Cambridge, MA (Project Director(s): Ernest R. May): Continuing support for a seminar for thirty key members of the Ukrainian national security community with U.S. officials, academics, and security analysts to assess Ukraine's security challenges, giving particular attention to civil-military relations, including power sharing, accountability, and civilian control of the policy-making processes in a democratic context. (SG-60-99) $25,000

HEBREW UNIVERSITY, Jerusalem, Israel (Project Director(s): Benjamin Miller): A study to assess the most effective mechanisms for preventing war and advancing peace in the post-Cold War era, with particular focus on the Middle East. The project will consider the relative merits and potential of five such conflict-management mechanisms: balancing, deterrence, hegemonic leadership, concert and collective security. (USIP-035-91F) $10,000

HENRY L. STIMSON CENTER, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Jessica Stern): A project to assess the dangers of terrorism in the United States from nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons in light of the reportedly expanding operations of transnational terrorist groups and the increasing sophistication and enhanced possible access to weapons of mass destruction components. The research will develop a framework for analyzing the scope of the problem and will explore the range of policy responses. (USIP-040-97S) $33,000

HESTON, ALAN W., Philadelphia, PA (Project Director(s): Alan W. Heston): A grant to develop a database and supporting articles giving estimates of military expenditures for 130 countries for the period 1970 to 1985. Military expenditures will be compared in real terms taking account of relative price difference between countries. (USIP-327) $30,000

HUDSON INSTITUTE, Indianapolis, IN (Project Director(s): William E. Odom): A project to: a) develop a range of scenarios for the continued institutionalization of transatlantic military cooperation; b) evaluate those scenarios in terms of their feasibility, effectiveness in response to crisis, and their contribution to the maintenance of democratic governance; and c) recommend strategies for pursuing a viable design for organizing transatlantic security relationships. The project director will examine the perspectives of the British, French, Germans, Americans and Russians. (USIP-093-93S) $38,200

INSTITUT UNIVERSITAIRE DE HAUTES ETUDES INTERNATIONALES, Geneva, Switzerland (Project Director(s): Shahram Chubin): A project to analyze the impact that recent wars in the Persian Gulf and the changing domestic, regional and international environment will have on the future prospects for conflict and for regional cooperation in the Persian Gulf region. In assessing the realistic basis for the maintenance of order locally, the project seeks to provide a clearer idea of what is feasible in terms of regional politics and possible areas of cooperation, as well as alternative structures and approaches that might be utilized. (USIP-063-94S) $20,000

INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE & DISARMAMENT STUDIES (IDDS), Cambridge, MA (Project Director(s): John G. Heidenrich): A project to explore the political and military issues pertaining to an independent United Nations armed force for use in peacekeeping, peacemaking, and limited peace enforcement. The study will also investigate alternatives to a standing UN force and the feasibility of these alternatives. (SG-74-96) $38,500

INSTITUTE FOR FOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS, Cambridge, MA (Project Director(s): Richard H. Shultz, Jr.): A grant to examine guidelines for the use of covert action within the traditional US policy framework and the exploration of the security environment of the 1990s in light of opportunities and constraints posed by this framework. (USIP-586) $7,000

INSTITUTE FOR SECURITY STUDIES (ISS), Pretoria, South Africa (Project Director(s): J. K. Cilliers): A grant to support a conference to assess the future role of South Africa in preventive diplomacy and international peacekeeping. The conference will bring together international experts on these subjects together with policymakers and analysts in South Africa to investigate the opportunities and constraints of South African participation in peacekeeping, with a special focus on regional peacekeeping missions within Africa. (SG-19-95) $30,000

INTER-AMERICAN DIALOGUE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Tom Farer & Jorge Dominguez): A multidisciplinary working group of scholars and practitioners will look at the conceptual relationship between democracy and sovereignty in Latin America, as well as the recent changes in hemispheric norms regarding multilateral intervention and the implications of these norms. The study will generate recommendations for strengthening the collective efforts of external actors, such as the Organization of American States, to support democratic governments. (USIP-086-93S) $40,000

INTER-AMERICAN DIALOGUE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Jorge I. Dominguez & Michael Shifter): An initiative to examine the effects of international security problems in Latin America on internal processes of democratic development. Engaging scholars and policy specialists from the United States and Latin America, the project will review the main external security issues confronting Latin American and Caribbean nations, analyze how national responses to these issues affect progress toward democratic consolidation and offer recommendations for adjusting security policy to the needs of democratic politics. (USIP-048-94F) $30,000

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC STUDIES INSTITUTE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Timothy W. Stanley): A grant to assess the feasibility and the alternative forms of a United Nations standing military force with combat and self-defense capabilities for deployment as a deterrent or to respond to aggression. Three principal options and accompanying costs will be explored, with principal attention given to a truly multinational force of the multilateral force (MLF) type. (USIP-159-91S) $20,000

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES, London United Kingdom (Project Director(s): David Shearer): A project to investigate the rapid escalation in the use of private security forces in African conflicts, looking particularly at: (a) the nature, orgins and potential of these forces; (b) sources of funding, motivations and links to the agendas of other organizations, states and factions; (c) their impact on stability and the effect on the resolution of conflict in Africa; and (d) policy recommendations for international responses to this trend. (USIP-150-98F) $27,000

ISRAEL/PALESTINE CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND INFORMATION, Jerusalem, Israel (Project Director(s): Gershon Baskin & Zakaria al-Qaq): A grant to fund a working seminar of Israeli, Palestinian, and Jordanian security experts to develop mutually acceptable recommendations regarding possible security and defensive arrangements for advancing peace in the region. Seminar participants will develop consensus recommendations and will disseminate their views both through public debate and through meetings with members of the various Middle East negotiating teams. (USIP-656) $25,000

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, BOLOGNA CENTER, Bologna, Italy (Project Director(s): Vojtech Mastny): A grant to examine the 1986-1989 Helsinki follow-up conference in Vienna. The project will emphasize developments related to the solution of conflicts generated by the growing obsolescence of a European security system based on spheres of influence. (USIP-017-1-89) $36,750

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, SAIS, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Roxane D. V. Sismanidis): A grant to support research on the interrelationship among China's weapons-modernization, arms transfer, and arms control policies in the context of China's evolving security objectives. (SG-59-94) $33,151

KILLHAM, EDWARD L., Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Edward L. Killham): A grant for a research project on the role of Pan-Europeanism, or European federalism, in East-West relations since WWI, with special emphasis on renewed Soviet interest in this concept. (USIP-213) $15,000

KILLHAM, EDWARD L., Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Edward L. Killham): A grant to allow critical analysis of opportunities, dangers, and the potential relevance of "Nordic Balance" principles to conflicts elsewhere in the world. The grantee will emphasize, as well, the impact of glasnost on this strain of Scandinavian strategic thought. (USIP-003-1-89) $24,300

KINGS COLLEGE LONDON, London, England (Project Director(s): Muhammad Zuhair Diab): A project to examine the prospects for establishing a stable security regime in the Middle East. Such a regime would need to meet the main requirements of national security of the key parties to the Arab-Israeli dispute, as a step toward promoting a Middle East peace accord. The objective is to control the military dimensions of conflict in the region. The study will focus both on power relationships among the regional parties and among the external powers who support the local antagonists. (SG-5-92) $38,500

LONG ISLAND UNIVERSITY, Brookville, NY (Project Director(s): Muhammad Muslih): A study of Syria's foreign policy under the Ba'th regime (1963 to 1992) in order to discern patterns and causes of policy change. The study will also examine the policy dilemmas facing President Asad and their implications for regime survival and regional peace and stability. The research will give special attention to the impact of key Syrian personalities on foreign policy decision-making. (USIP-144-91F) $20,000

MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY, Milwaukee, WI (Project Director(s): Raju G. C. Thomas): Support for a study of strategic stability in South Asia, assessing: (1) the impact of threats to internal security in such places as Kashmir, Punjab, and Assam; (2) the extent to which internal and external security pressures erode democratic processes in the region; and (3) interaction between extra-regional security pressures and the military balance and political stability of South Asia. (USIP-82-91S) $20,000

MIDDLEBURY COLLEGE, Middlebury, VT (Project Director(s): Russell J. Leng): A project to assess lessons learned from the management of crises between three sets of states with enduring rivalries: the U.S. and the Soviet Union, Egypt and Israel, and India and Pakistan. The research will yield a monograph accessible to policy makers on ways to more effectively manage international crises. (USIP-001-96F) $20,000

MIDWEST CONSORTIUM FOR INTERNATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES, Chicago, IL (Project Director(s): William Zimmerman): A project to produce a collaborative volume on "The Implications for Western Security Policy of Recent Research Findings and Changes in Soviet Foreign Policy Behavior." The eight chapters will combine the results of up-to-date research by Soviet scholars with the work of traditional strategy theory. It will include an examination of the assumptions underlying deterrence theory and an evaluation of alternative approaches that might better serve both countries. (USIP-057-1-89) $15,000

NATIONAL BUREAU OF ASIAN RESEARCH, Seattle, WA (Project Director(s): Herbert Ellison & Donald Hellmann): A grant to support a study of the impact of Soviet-Japanese- American relations on the development of new international security and economic arrangements in Northeast Asia. The project will focus on the Hokkaido issue and the ongoing negotiations which may result in a settlement that establishes new parameters for post-Cold War security and economic order in this region. (USIP-122-90F) $30,000

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY, Fairfax, VA (Project Director(s): Colin S. Gray): This project is designed both to chart new territory and to resurvey orthodox assumptions and attitudes in the theory and practice of deterrence. The project will explore the cultural bias in the design and execution of deterrence policy; the relevance and prudence of nuclear strategy for stable deterrence; uncertainty, accident, and ignorance in active deterrence relationships; and the connections between politics and technological change in the quest for stability. (USIP-007-1-89) $10,000

NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY, Fairfax, VA (Project Director(s): Robert Rudney and Marian Leighton): A grant to support a study of Soviet and West German concepts of non-offensive defense and common security. The project will examine whether the Soviets, in borrowing from the West Germans the basic concept of offensive defense, are attempting to manipulate Western perceptions of a Soviet military threat to Europe. (USIP-063-3-90) $20,000

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY, New York, NY (Project Director(s): David B. H. Denoon): A project that will combine economic and political analysis to assess whether the rapid economic growth in East Asia is likely to produce co-operative or conflictual foreign and security policies in the region. The project will result in a set of policy-oriented and academic articles. (USIP-188-94F) $25,000

NIXON CENTER, THE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Peter W. Rodman): A strategic assessment of the US-China-Russia triangle 25 years after Nixon's visit to China, including policy advice on how the U.S. can manage this critical component of the international equilibrium to help keep the peace in the 21st century. (USIP-061-96F) $20,000

NIXON CENTER, THE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Geoffrey Kemp): A research and workshop program to examine Iran's putative nuclear weapons program and to examine approaches to encouraging Iran's adherence to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. (SG-97-99) $40,000

PACIFIC FUTURES DEVELOPMENT CENTER, Manila, Philippines (Project Director(s): Alejandro Melchor, Jr.): A grant to support a study of approaches to the peaceful resolution of contentious issues of sovereignty and compensation between the United States and the Philippines. The project investigates the changing nature of the U.S. military presence in the Philippines, and how such changes may lead to satisfactory results for both countries and for the region in general. (USIP-041-3-90) $30,000

PROSPEL, Santiago, Chile (Project Director(s): Boris Yopo H.): A grant to analyze and compare the principal aspects of the defense policies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru and Venezuela. The project seeks to examine defense policy in terms of domestic and foreign influences, emphasizing the "security perceptions" that tend to inspire such policies. The project will also examine existing regional collective security arrangements that may serve as models for these countries. (SG-112-0) $30,000

SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS (SAIIA), Braamfontein, 2017, South Africa (Project Director(s): Greg Mills): A project to assess the changing nature of public security in Africa, focusing on the increasing use of private enterprises by states, guerilla forces, and businesses. The research will investigate recent trends as well as develop policy guidelines for the circumstances under which private firms may hinder or help promote peace and public security. (USIP-004-97F) $28,443

SOUTHERN CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, Atlanta, GA (Project Director(s): Julia Johnson White): A grant to produce educational and teaching material derived from the Annual Report of the Former US Representatives to the UN. (USIP-643) $50,000

SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY, Edwardsville, IL (Project Director(s): Richard L. Millett): A project to analyze the factors leading to U.S. interventions in the Caribbean-Central American region since 1960. Based on cases studies of interventions in the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, Grenada, Panama and Haiti, the research will result in a book-length publication that will draw lessons for future U.S. efforts to manage conflict in the region. The project will also include a workshop of policy specialists and officials involved in the various cases. (SG-51-95) $33,000

STANFORD UNIVERSITY, Stanford, CA (Project Director(s): Daniel C. Sneider & David Holloway): A project to examine the Trans-Caucasus region as a case study of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the consequences of this collapse for global security. The study will assess the role of nationalism and nationalist movements in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, the problem of ethnic and national conflict, and the Soviet/Russian response to these trends and events, and will also address policy options for the United States and the international community for managing decolonization. (USIP-065-94F) $22,000

STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BINGHAMTON, Binghamton, NY (Project Director(s): Ali A. Mazrui): A project to examine the interconnected relationships among peacekeeping, demilitarization, democratization and development in Africa. The issues to be examined include the comparative advantages of international versus regional peacekeeping in Africa, the effects of peacekeeping in target states and intervening states in Africa, and the demilitarization and development of African states. (USIP-030-98F) $37,000

STOCKHOLM INTERNATIONAL PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE (SIPRI), Solna, Sweden (Project Director(s): R. Bates Gill): A study to document and assess the process of "globalization" in the arms industry of East Asia and its resultant impact upon prospects for regional security and arms control. In book form, the study will provide an analytical framework, an empirical foundation, and a set of policy suggestions. (SG-16-94) $60,000

TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel (Project Director(s): Mark Heller): A grant to assess the national interests of countries in the Middle East in the creation of a regional security system. Engaging top security specialists from Egypt, Israel and Jordan, the project will examine the utility of existing regional security models elsewhere, such as the CSCE framework in Europe, and explore their potential applicability to the Middle East. (USIP-084-96S) $55,500

UNITED NATIONS INSTITUTE FOR DISARMAMENT RESEARCH (UNIDIR), Geneva, Switzerland (Project Director(s): Serge Sur): A project to examine new threats to European security, including ethnic conflicts, social, economic, environmental, and migration problems, as well as an upsurge in xenophobia. A panel of experts will examine these problems and try to anticipate new threats. It will evaluate the ability of current institutions to cope with these issues, and explore ways to ensure the peaceful resolution of disputes arising from them. (SG-99-92) $30,000

UNITED NATIONS INSTITUTE FOR DISARMAMENT RESEARCH, UNIDIR, Geneva, Switzerland (Project Director(s): Virginia S. I. Gamba): A project to assess the best way for international peacekeepers to promote the disarming of warring factions and the demobilization of armed forces as part of the process of peacemaking and the implementation of peace settlements. Cases to be studied include Somalia, Bosnia, Namibia/Angola, El Salvador/Central America, Cambodia, and Haiti. (USIP-130-94F) $35,000

UNITED STATES COMMITTEE, INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Joseph Fromm, Peter Carthew, Francois Heisbourg, & Hans Binnendijk): IISS will host a conference that will provide a unique forum for the cross-fertilization of insights and ideas among specialist from Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America, and North America on the critical issues confronting the U.S. in the last decade of the 20th century. (USIP-009-1-89) $40,000

UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD, Bradford, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom (Project Director(s): Malcolm Dando): A project to investigate the militarily significant issues related to the development of genetically specific biological weapons. The research will seek to assess the nature of the threat posed by such weapons and will derive policy recommendations for strengthening the non-use provisions of the proposed Biological and Toxic Weapons Convention. (SG-36-98) $38,000

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII FOUNDATION, Honolulu, HI (Project Director(s): Jon M. Van Dyke): A project to study the principles for establishing a multilateral regime for joint development of resources in the South China Sea, and to create a design for such a regime based on the applicability of precedents of multilateral maritime regime-building and an analysis of national interests. (USIP-127-93F) $30,000

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor, MI (Project Director(s): Yasheng Huang): A study to explore these research questions: (1) What is the degree of China's economic interaction with Taiwan and Southeast Asia and what are the shared interests between Asian investors and China's regional officials? and (2) Have these economic interests shaped the foreign policy preferences of Chinese regional officials? The importance of these issues derives from the influence that regional, and particularly coastal, officials have on China's national politics and degree to which their foreign policy preferences help shape China's foreign policy. (SG-30-94) $57,500

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor, MI (Project Director(s): Paul Huth): A project to test how differences in the political institutions of democratic and non-democratic systems affect critical foreign policy decisions about the use of diplomacy and military force as well as conflict resolution in international disputes. The study utilizes a combination of statistical and case study methods. (USIP-114-98F) $30,000

UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS, AUSTIN, Austin, TX (Project Director(s): George Pope Atkins): A comparative study of the foreign policies of ten South American countries from the early 1950s to the present with particular attention to international conflict, cooperation, and peace. Broad theoretical conclusions will be drawn on a variety of issues such as the different foreign policy orientations of democratic and military governments, the nature of South American nationalism and ideologies under different regime types, and the permanence of re-democratization in South America. (USIP-039-93S) $26,400

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, Charlottesville, VA (Project Director(s): John S. Duffield): A study of German security policy following unification. Through examination of the most important domestic and international influences on this policy, the project attempts to predict the future course of German action. (USIP-034-92F) $19,350

WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY, Detroit, MI (Project Director(s): Eboe Hutchful): A detailed study of how civilian democratic control over the military is being handled in the transition to democracy in Africa, using Ghana as a case study. The project will study the two levels of reform necessary to reinstitute civilian democratic control: first, the reform and rebuilding of structures of executive and legislative oversight and control over the military, and second, the reform of military doctrine, mission, training and command structures to maximize military efficiency, institutional stability and democratic compliance. (USIP-149-94S) $35,000

WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY, Middletown, CT (Project Director(s): Martha Crenshaw): A project to investigate the experience of India's attempt at mediation and regional peacekeeping in Sri Lanka during 1987-1990. The study will assess how India intervened, how, and to what end. The principal research question is whether regional powers with a strong interest in the affairs of a neighbor can effectively intervene to promote the resolution of conflict in countries beset by ethnic strife. The project will result in a teaching case study that will analyze lessons learned from the Indian experience at regional peacemaking. (SG-59-95) $25,000

WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY, Morgantown, WVA (Project Director(s): Sophia Peterson): A grant to conduct a workshop for college instructors on global cooperation, focusing on peace and security. The workshop, part of a series that will also focus on environmental and North-South issues, is designed to increase awareness of the significant role of international education in advancing global cooperation. (USIP-132-3-90) $10,000

WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS, McLean, VA (Project Director(s): William H. Hill): A project to assess NATO's and OSCE's conflict prevention, resolution, and peacekeeping capabilities and develop recommendations to improve their future ability to prevent conflict and preserve stability. (SG-109-99) $33,000

WORLD VISION, INC., Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Jasmin Cajic): A project to consolidate the creation of a Community Relations Department within the police force in the Brcko District, a multi-ethnic entity struggling to find viable ways to integrate its population under a combined Republika Srpska-Federation government. The project will seek to increase the accountability of the police to their community, improve community participation in discussion of matters of public security, and develop inter-ethnic tolerance. (USIP-205-01S) $35,000

Last updated 6/11/02