Funded Projects: Rule of Law

AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION-FUND FOR JUSTICE AND EDUCATION, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Nicolas Mansfield): A project to establish a training institute to raise the level of professionalism of judges in Bosnia as a step toward a strong and independent judicial system, seen as a critical component of democratic development. (SG-132-99) $39,953

AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Louis W. Goodman): A grant to permit the continuation of a series of studies on civil-military relations in Latin America. The project will focus on extra-regional developments such as the easing of East-West tensions, and intra-regional issues such as drug-trafficking, narco-terrorism, environmental degradation, and the evolution of democratic politics, that may significantly effect relations between the military and civil institutions. (SG-28-0) $30,000

AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Diane Orentlicher): A study to examine the impact of developments such as the Spanish/British proceedings against former Chilean President Augusto Pinochet and the preparation for a permanent international criminal court on international criminal law, patterns of law enforcement, and norms of statecraft. The resulting book will also explore ways to balance principles of state sovereignty against rapidly-evolving standards of global justice. (USIP-182-00S) $30,000

ASPEN INSTITUTE--INTER-AMERICAN DIALOGUE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Richard Nuccio): This project is a joint effort between the Inter-American Dialogue and the Institute of Latin America and Iberian Studies of Columbia University working together with the Instituto de Estudios Politicos y Relaciones Internacionales in Bogota, Colombia and the Instituto de Estudios Peruanos in Lima, Peru. The project will support research on issues challenging the consolidation of democratic governance in Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Peru. The project will also focus on techniques that may be employed by civilian governments in these countries to combat insurgencies, drug trafficking, and other sustained violence, while preserving and expanding the protection of basic democratic freedoms. (SG-100-0) $40,000

ATLANTIC COUNCIL OF THE UNITED STATES, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): John A. Baker-Deceased): A grant in support of a project designed to enhance prospects for increased civilian oversight of the armed forces in Central and Eastern Europe. Recently appointed or elected senior civilian officials will be invited from Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary to participate in a series of briefings and seminars on executive and legislative oversight mechanisms for budgetary and defense policy control in the United States and West Europe. (USIP-99-90F) $25,000

ATLANTIC COUNCIL OF THE UNITED STATES, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): John A. Baker-Deceased): A grant to enable the Atlantic Council to arrange briefings in Washington and Brussels for civilian officials from Russia and Ukraine who are concerned with defense issues. The purpose of the briefings is to strengthen civilian oversight capabilities (both legislative and executive) of the defense establishment in Russia and Ukraine. (USIP-138-91F) $50,000

AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Canberra 0200 ACT Australia(Project Director(s): Ben Reilly): A research project to consider the potential utility of designing electoral systems which encourage the candidates to seek the votes of members of ethnic groups other than their own, in order to encourage more moderate politics in ethnically divided societies. The research will be based on electoral cases studies of Sri Lanka, Fiji, Northern Ireland and Bosnia. (USIP-060-00S) $38,000

BROWN UNIVERSITY, WATSON INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, Providence, RI (Project Director(s): Charles T. Call): A book and conference project on the outcome of post-conflict judicial and police reforms in nine countries in Latin America, Africa and the Balkans. The project will address in a comparative way the question of how effective recent peacebuilding efforts have been in creating judicial and security systems that are legitimate and effective. It will also link efforts at accountability for past violations to the quality of post-transition justice. (SG-89-01) $35,000

CAMBODIAN INSTITUTE OF HUMAN RIGHTS, Phnom Penh, Cambodia (Project Director(s): Kassie Neou): A training project aimed at more than 1,000 senior Cambodian officials and community leaders focusing on human rights and democracy; rule of law; gender awareness; good governance; and conflict resolution. (SG-150-01) $38,000

CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Michael W. Foley): A project to examine the role of national and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the process of pacification and reconstruction in El Salvador. Through interviews with leaders of major NGOs involved in development, human rights resettlement, voter registration and party development and legislative advocacy, the project will illuminate the roles of NGOs and identify strategies that work or fail to work in solidifying the peace and rebuilding a divided society. (USIP-095-92S) $25,000

CENTER FOR JUSTICE AND ACCOUNTABILITY, San Francisco, CA (Project Director(s): Nancy S. Pemberton): A conference to consider a plan to institutionalize forensic activities in the aftermath of wars and human rights abuses. Special attention will be given to the development of a rapid response capability and a training institution to support tribunals and other institutions charged with investigating war crimes. (USIP-085-00S) $20,000

CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Georges Fauriol): A grant to support research on the implications for U.S. policy of recent events in Panama. The project will assess reasons for the failure of efforts to peacefully resolve the Panama crisis; the impact of American military action during the crisis; the effect of such action on the evolution of democracy in Panama; and, finally, lessons that may be applied to other instances of political transition from authoritarian to democratic regimes. (SG-81-0) $30,000

CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY, Mt. Pleasant, MI (Project Director(s): Orlando Perez): A book project exploring the transformation of civil-military relations in the post-authoritarian Central American countries of Panama, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua. The research will examine the domestic and international influences on civil-military relations, the new roles and missions of the armed forces, and public and military attitudes toward democracy and authoritarianism. (USIP-104-01S) $38,000

CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF VIOLENCE AND RECONCILIATION , Braanfontein, South Africa (Project Director(s): Hugo van der Merwe): A project to analyze the truth and reconciliation process in South Africa by analyzing the transcripts of the amnesty hearings conducted by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to assess its contribution to the process. Through this research initiative, the project aims to inform existing efforts to promote human rights training among South African police and to extract lessons for other countries engaged in similar truth commission initiatives. (USIP-126-00F) $35,000

COLGATE UNIVERSITY, Hamilton, NY (Project Director(s): Robert L. Rothstein): A grant to support research on the conceptual and practical problems of the transition of authoritarian regimes to democratic political entities, with special emphasis on the implications of the transition for international peace. (USIP-052) $5,000

COOPER, SANDI E., New York, NY (Project Director(s): Sandi E. Cooper): A grant in support of a comparative study of military expenditures as a potential threat to development and democratization in nongovernmental organizations to democratize foreign policymaking as a step toward advancing peace. (USIP-373) $5,000

DECTER, MOSHE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Moshe Decter): A grant in support of a study on the connection between world peace and human rights as it concerns Soviet-American relationship. Topics to be discussed include: (1) the relations of the two powers, as they are affected by human rights issues; (2) democratic movements in the USSR and reverberations in Western public opinion; (3) the state of human rights in the Soviet Union; (4) the relationship between detente and democratization; (5) the question of the optimal balance of outside influence and internal pressure for change inside the USSR; and (6) the relation between human rights and individual liberty and peace. (USIP-133) $12,000

DEPAUL UNIVERSITY, Chicago, IL (Project Director(s): Barry Kellman): A project to define appropriate legal concepts to address the changing nature of arms control in the post-Cold War era. The research will employ military strategic theory to assess how international law can better contribute to military security. The project will yield recommendations on strengthening international efforts to control catastrophic weapons. (USIP-050-97S) $35,000

DUKE UNIVERSITY, Durham, NC (Project Director(s): Madeline Morris): A conference organized in collaboration with the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda to identify the most appropriate and efficacious roles for national and international criminal justice systems in responding to mass crimes in violent conflicts. (USIP-673) $26,806

FACULTAD LATINOAMERICANA DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES-ARGENTINA, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Project Director(s): Jaime Malamud-Goti): A grant to support research on democratic institutions and human rights policies during periods of transition from dictatorship to democracy. The project will focus on the responses of the Argentine judiciary and military to the the transitional policies of the Alfonsin and Menem governments from 1983 through 1990. Comparisons will be made with Chile and Uruguay where similar analysis will also be undertaken. (SG-83-0) $34,500

FACULTAD LATINOAMERICANOS DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES-COSTO RICO (FLACSO), San José, Costa Rica (Project Director(s): Abelardo Morales & Manuel Araya): A project to organize seminars for 200 scholars and practitioners in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama to study the causes of conflict, the conditions of peace, and conflict resolution models appropriate to Central America. Particular attention will be given to the issues of democratization, human rights, and political participation. A follow-up regional workshop will consider these issues on a regional basis and consider how to promote peace among the nations and peoples of the region. (USIP-096-92F) $25,000

FONTANA, ANDRES, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Project Director(s): Andres Fontana): A project to promote better dialogue between the military and the congressional defense committees in Argentina. This civil-military interchange will serve, among other purposes, as a basis for designing a training program aimed at the development of professionalized civilian staff. (USIP-201-91S) $10,000

FORUM FOR INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Gerald Hursh-Cesar & Allan Kulakow): A project to promote self-help local government in Poland through support of a pilot demonstration effort in Bialystok, Poland. Plans include creation of a publicly accountable community coalition, which will seek reconciliation of competing interest of different ethnic, socio-economic, and residential groups through a series of interactive, trust- building exercises. Local groups will also cooperate in the development of plans for community action projects. (USIP-087-92S) $30,000

FUND FOR PEACE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Bereket Habte Selassie): A project to complete a book on the problems attendant to the transition to constitutional democracy in the aftermath of civil wars in Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Uganda, with particular attention to the development of new constitutions. (SG-120-98) $10,500

GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Nathan Brown): A grant to support a study of the role that the rule of law plays in a developing society such as Egypt, and the implications of the Egyptian case for other regimes in the Middle East. The study seeks to determine whether Western-style legal systems can work successfully in emerging pluralist societies, in mediating dramatic political change. (USIP-101-90F) $10,000

GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Nathan Brown): A research project to examine the prospects for democratic development in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, focusing on three spheres: law, education and elections. The resulting book will also assess the impact of domestic and international factors on efforts by the Palestinians to construct institutions of democratic government. (SG-21-99) $40,000

GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Sergo A. Mikoyan): A grant to examine the internal and external sources of conflict in Nicaragua and El Salvador during the 1980s and of changes in both spheres that have affected positive movement in each country toward peace and democratic governance. The study will suggest ways in which each country may achieve full reconciliation between opposing groups and democratic civilian control over the military. The study will give particular attention to the recent history of Soviet and Cuban involvement in Central America. (SG-39-91) $46,000

GLOBAL OUTLOOK, Palo Alto, CA (Project Director(s): Gloria Duffy): A project involving meetings and discussions between legislators from the U.S. and from the republics of the former Soviet Union focused on the legislative role in creating defense and security policy. The purpose is to help build public oversight of defense and security policy in the commonwealth republics by working to strengthen the knowledge and contacts of the newly elected legislators in the republic parliaments. The project will also familiarize members of the U.S. Congress and executive branch and the U.S. peace and security community with the development of security policy in the former Soviet republics. (USIP-057-92S) $20,000

HARVARD UNIVERSITY, Cambridge, MA (Project Director(s): Ernest R. May): A seminar to bring together thirty key members of the Ukrainian national security community with U.S. policy makers, experts on military affairs, and Harvard faculty in order to help Ukraine address its challenges in civil- military relations, including power sharing, accountability, and civilian control of the policy-making processes in a democratic context. (SG-96-97) $45,000

HEBREW UNIVERSITY, Jerusalem, Israel (Project Director(s): Edy Kaufman): A grant to support a study of the relevance of democratic development in the resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The project will examine the commitment of democratic ideals in both communities as an indicator of prospects for long term peace and stability. (SG-91-9) $48,000

HUNGARIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CANADA, Ontario, Canada (Project Director(s): Bennett Kovrig): A grant to support research on recent Western European political initiatives designed to facilitate the consolidation of liberal democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and free communication in the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe. The project will appraise political conditions and the need for assistance, and evaluate relevant policies and actions of the European Community, the Council of Europe, individual governments, and non-governmental organizations. (SG-8-0) $33,000

INSTITUTE FOR SECURITY STUDIES (ISS), Pretoria, South Africa (Project Director(s): Jakkie Cilliers): A comparative study of British and South African and German and South African defense legislation. The results of the two comparative studies will be written up in a report to serve as a resource in drafting appropriate defense and associated legislation for a post-apartheid South Africa. (USIP-005-93F) $20,000

INSTITUTO DE DEFENSA LEGAL, Lima, Peru (Project Director(s): Gino Costa): A grant to support the research and writing of a book manuscript on the role the United Nations mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL) has played in the reform of the public security system. The study will provide a historical perspective beginning with the negotiations and concluding after the Accords were signed. (USIP-088-93F) $30,000

INTER-AMERICAN DIALOGUE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Jorge I. Dominguez & Michael Shifter): An initiative to examine the effects of international security problems in Latin America on internal processes of democratic development. Engaging scholars and policy specialists from the United States and Latin America, the project will review the main external security issues confronting Latin American and Caribbean nations, analyze how national responses to these issues affect progress toward democratic consolidation and offer recommendations for adjusting security policy to the needs of democratic politics. (USIP-048-94F) $30,000

INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW GROUP, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Gay McDougall): A project to assist civil society organizations in the Congo conduct a grassroots assessment of the justice system to generate recommendations for reform, as a step toward the institution of the rule of law and the effective management of societal conflicts. (USIP-124-98S) $40,000

INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES, London, England (Project Director(s): Jan Zielonka): A grant to survey, identify, catalogue and analyze potential subnational and international threats to the evolution of democracy in Eastern Europe. The project will focus on problems that could lead to outside intervention and/or affect Western security interests. Issues to be examined include the transition of regimes, border tensions, nationality conflicts, ethnic antagonisms, religious persecution, and labor strife. (SG-57-0) $30,000

INTERNEWS NETWORK, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Mark Frohardt): A film project exploring the debate over the three-tiered judicial system prosecuting those suspected of involvement in the Rwandan genocide. The documentary, which will be aired in Rwanda and internationally, seeks to expand awareness and understanding of the on-going efforts to promote justice in the aftermath of the 1994 genocide. (USIP-106-00F) $40,000

ISTITUTO AFFARI INTERNAZIONALI, Rome, Italy (Project Director(s): Laura Guazzone): A project to analyze the role of Islamic movements and parties in the process of political liberalization underway in the North Africa­Middle East region, with particular attention to Algeria, Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia. The project will investigate the likely impact of these movements on regional stability and on North-South relations. (SG-111-92) $40,000

KINGS COLLEGE LONDON, London, United Kingdom (Project Director(s): Karl Maier): A project to assess whether Nigeria can free itself from entrenched military rule and embrace democracy or will succumb to ethnic and religious tensions which threaten to pull the country apart and spark a humanitarian disaster in the West African region. (USIP-023-96F) $35,805

LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS EDUCATION FUND, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Sherry Rockey): A project to provide a month-long training program for emerging women leaders from Poland conducted by state and local Leagues of Women Voters in the U.S. The purpose is to offer Polish leaders opportunities to learn the various techniques of citizen participation in a democratic system and how to work with individuals and organizations holding diverse views within a civic process. (USIP-057-91F) $15,000

LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS EDUCATION FUND, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Rebekah Fennell & Orna Tamches): A month-long training program for emerging women leaders from Hungary conducted by state and local Leagues of Women Voters in the U.S. The purpose is to offer Hungarian leaders opportunities to learn the various techniques of citizen participation in a democratic system and how to work with individuals and organizations holding diverse views within a civic process. A collection of essays written by the participants will be produced. (USIP-014-93F) $35,000

MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY, Milwaukee, WI (Project Director(s): Michael Fleet & Brian Smith): A grant to support research on the role of the Roman Catholic Church in the transition from military to civilian rule and the development of democratic institutions and practices in Chile and Peru. The project will focus on the various "Catholic communities" in each country, and on the broader societal forces and pressures by which they are conditioned. (SG-142-0) $22,000

MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY, Milwaukee, WI (Project Director(s): Raju G. C. Thomas): Support for a study of strategic stability in South Asia, assessing: (1) the impact of threats to internal security in such places as Kashmir, Punjab, and Assam; (2) the extent to which internal and external security pressures erode democratic processes in the region; and (3) interaction between extra-regional security pressures and the military balance and political stability of South Asia. (USIP-82-91S) $20,000

MINORITY RIGHTS GROUP, London, United Kingdom (Project Director(s): Miles Litvinoff): A grant to support publication of an encyclopedic directory of some 700 minority group in 200 different states and territories. The directory will also include detailed descriptions of national and international laws to protect the rights of minority groups. (USIP-004-95F) $25,000

NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Robert B. Oakley): A project to identify ways to better establish or assist local public security organizations as a component of multinational peace operations in internal conflicts. By assessing how the international community can more effectively create legitimate and responsible local public security agencies, the project seeks to determine ways to promote the long-term political and social stability of countries after international peacekeepers have withdrawn. (USIP-698) $19,800

NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY, INTERNATIONAL FORUM FOR DEMOCRATIC STUDIES, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Emmanuel Gyimah-Boadi): A study of the interconnections between peace-building and the current transitions to democracy in various African states. With particular attention to South Africa, Ghana, and Benin the project will analyze the possibilities for entrenching peace-building and conflict resolution mechanisms in African democratization and thereby enhance the prospects for consolidating the transitions to democracy. (USIP-024-96S) $41,800

NAVAL WAR COLLEGE, Newport, RI (Project Director(s): Howard S. Levie): A grant in support of a comprehensive study of the law of war crimes. The study will present a history of the evolution of the law of war and the enforcement of penalties for violations thereof; examine the specific actions which constitute crimes against peace, conventional war crimes, and crimes against humanity; and discuss procedural matters related to investigations, jurisdiction, extradition, trial procedures, and punishment. (USIP-49-90F) $8,216

NEW SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH, Brooklyn, NY (Project Director(s): Priscilla B. Hayner): A project to assess the effects of commissions investigating past human rights abuses on achieving justice and advancing conflict resolution. Truth commissions in Chile, Argentina, South Africa, and Uganda will be studied, as will countries in which such commissions have been considered but have not been established. (USIP-059-96S) $42,900

NEW SUDAN COUNCIL OF CHURCHES, Nairobi, Kenya (Project Director(s): Haruun L. Ruun ): A project to train 35 paralegals to staff mixed Dinka-Nuer border courts in Southern Sudan. As a part of the peace process in Southern Sudan among the Nuer and Dinka, agreement has been reached that these border courts will adjudicate inter-ethnic disputes to forestall resort to violence. (USIP-168-99F) $38,220

NEW YORK LAW SCHOOL, New York, NY (Project Director(s): Ruti G. Teitel): A study of transitional justice, assessing the role of law as a bridge between regimes. The thesis to be explored is that the law plays a pivotal role in creating both formal discontinuity and continuity with prior regimes. The study will also consider the four ways that law functions as a bridge between regimes: criminal, administrative, compensatory, and historical. (USIP-145-92S) $10,000

OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY, Norfolk, VA (Project Director(s): Mary Ann Tetreault): A study of social, political, and religious institutions and traditions as they bear on the process of democratization in Kuwait. The project will undertake a careful investigation of the October 1992 parliamentary elections in Kuwait and how traditional governmental institutions influence the adoption of more modern forms of democratic rule. (SG-10-92) $30,000

PEACE THROUGH LAW EDUCATION FUND, THE, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Beth C. DeGrasse): A research project updating and expanding the group's 1999 study of U.S. military commanders' views of UN and multilateral peace operations. The new study will update the earlier report with lessons learned from Kosovo and other recent missions, and will include the views of senior allied military commanders as well as those from the U.S. It will also explore three issues increasingly integral to the success of such missions: (1) the issue of war crimes and the application of human rights law and conventions; (2) law enforcement/police operations; and (3) the judicial dimension. (USIP-121-00F) $20,000

PEITHO, Montevideo, Uruguay (Project Director(s): Juan Rial): A grant to conduct research on the social and cultural characteristics of the officer corps in Uruguay's military and on ways to recruit candidates for the officer corps which will strengthen support within the army for democratic rule. (SG-53-91) $23,000

PETCHENKINE, YOURY LAMBERT, Winthrop, MA (Project Director(s): Youry Petchenkine Lambert): A project to assess recent political and social developments in Russia and other Commonwealth states, considering such issues as the state of the military, territorial and ethnic disputes, nuclear weapons control, and the building of democratic institutions. Particular attention will be given to recommendations of how the Russian government can succeed in its transition to a stable democracy. (USIP-110-92S) $20,000

POPKIN, MARGARET L., Takoma Park, MD (Project Director(s): Margaret L. Popkin): A study to examine how the implementation of the Salvadoran Peace Accords will promote judicial reform in El Salvador. The study will focus on such issues as constitutional reforms, the Truth Commission and its recommendations, and amnesty laws. Integral to the study will be an examination of the role the United Nations played in monitoring human rights, promoting judicial reform and working with the justice system. Lessons will also be drawn about the nature of democratic transitions. (USIP-061-93S) $10,000

RECONSTRUINDO A ESPERANCA (REBUILDING HOPE), Maputo, Mozambique (Project Director(s): Boia Efraime, Jr.): A project in Mozambique to: (1) describe the psychological disturbances manifested by adolescents who were used as soldiers in Mozambique's civil war; (2) understand the explanations of the causes and consequences of these disturbances invoked by the youth, their parents, and religious leaders; and (3) gain better understanding of the values and norms of traditional rural communities regarding child protection in war and post-war situations. A particular focus will be on remedies utilized by traditional healers to treat disturbances manifested by former child soldiers. (SG-28-00) $30,000

ROBERT F. KENNEDY MEMORIAL CENTER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Margaret Popkin): A conference in Malawi to discuss the need for investigating the abuses committed during Malawi's past dictatorship. Participants will discuss the reasons for investigating the past in the context of the recent transition to multi-party rule, what aspects of the past need to be addressed, and how such an effort could be carried out. (USIP-103-96S) $27,000

RUTGERS UNIVERSITY, New Brunswick, NJ (Project Director(s): James Turner Johnson): A grant to support research on five problem areas for the development of Polish local democracy. Special attention will be given to the nature, role, and functioning of democratic decision-making in local government; models for democracy: the relation of democratic forms to history and culture; conflict resolution in local democratic government; pluralism and the development of pluralist institutions in support of democracy; and the participation of women in the development of democratic local government. (SG-67-0) $30,000

SEATTLE UNIVERSITY, Tacoma, WA (Project Director(s): Ronald C. Slye): A project to critically analyze the use of amnesties during periods of social transition to promote peace, justice, and the rule of law. Focusing on the amnesty provisions, procedures, and jurisprudence of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the project will outline a set of criteria for judging whether amnesty can serve peacebuilding purposes in post-conflict situations. (SG-106-98) $38,000

STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, BUFFALO, Buffalo, NY (Project Director(s): Peter P. Ekeh): A project to organize a conference for Nigerian scholars on Nigerian federalism, emphasizing dialogue among rival ethnic groups and competing interest groups; a panel that will work on a framework for the constitutional restoration of democratic federalism in Nigeria; and the publication of a reference book on Nigerian federalism. (USIP-076-97S) $45,000

TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Project Director(s): Jakob Finci): An educational program to make preparations for the creation of a Truth and Reconciliation Commission for Bosnia and Herzegovina. A draft agenda for the Commission will be developed; potential advisory committee members will be identified; and educational meetings will be held throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina to discuss the proposed commission. (USIP-720) $45,000

UNIVERSITY OF CHILE, INSTITUTO DE CIENCIA POLITICA, Santigo, Chile (Project Director(s): Alfredo Rehren): A grant to support a study of presidential leadership following the return to democratic rule in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, in order to understand the degree to which elected presidents have been able to reshape inherited authoritarian structures and provide effective, democratic leadership and forestall a return to military control. (SG-26-91) $20,000

UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, Boulder, CO (Project Director(s): J. Samuel Fitch): A grant to support research on the interplay of political ideology, military doctrine, and perceptions of the domestic and international context in shaping the beliefs of the military in Argentina and Ecuador about their role in politics. The project will examine alternative military doctrines and political strategies for encouraging more democratic patterns of civil-military relations. (SG-89-0) $15,000

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, Gainesville, FL (Project Director(s): Philip J. Williams): A study of the role of the Salvadoran armed forces prior to the 1992 Peace Accords and during the transition from authoritarianism to democracy in that country. The project will assess the prospects for democratizing civil-military relations and suggest strategies for enhancing civilian control over the military. (USIP-099-93S) $30,000

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII, INSTITUTE FOR PEACE, Honolulu, HI (Project Director(s): Henry Tenue, Krzsztof Ostrowski, & Betty Jacob (deceased)): A grant to support a study of the impact changes in values have on the implementation of democratic political institutions and practices at the local level. The study will focus on Germany, Poland, Yugoslavia, Sweden and the United States. (USIP-645) $25,000

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII, INSTITUTE FOR PEACE, Honolulu, HI (Project Director(s): Richard A. Dubanowski & Betty M. Jacob (deceased)): A grant to assist a research program assessing the climate for democracy at the local level in four Eastern European countries (Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Yugoslavia), three republics of the former USSR (Lithuania, Russia, Ukraine), Austria, Germany, Sweden, and the United States. A major goal will be to analyze political systems in transition and compare these transitional processes with evolutionary reforms in established democracies. (USIP-91-91S) $40,000

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII, INSTITUTE FOR PEACE, Honolulu, HI (Project Director(s): George Simson): A grant to complete a project and prepare a report on democratization in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. The project examines the commitment to democratic values and practices of local leaders in eight new democracies, including Belorus, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, and Ukraine. The project will draw conclusions regarding the prospects for democracy in these countries. (USIP-060-92F) $4,260

UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, College Park, MD (Project Director(s): Shukri Abed): A study of the prospects for democracy in a future Palestinian political entity. The project will seek to determine the conditions under which a Palestinian entity would be most likely to develop and mature into a full-fledged democracy, to identify ways and means of fostering those conditions, and to examine some of the obstacles still to be overcome. (USIP-142-92F) $40,000

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, Ann Arbor, MI (Project Director(s): Jennifer Widner): A project to study the degree to which judges are allowed judicial independence in Africa and the impact of judges' efforts on the rule of law, the prevention of violence, and peace, with particular reference to Tanzania, Botswana, and Zimbabwe. (USIP-139-97S) $40,000

UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO, Albuquerque, NM (Project Director(s): William Stanley & David Holiday): A two-year project to look at the role of the United Nations mission (ONUSAL) in peace-making and post-conflict "peace-building" in El Salvador. The researchers will specifically examine how ONUSAL, acting as intermediary, verifier and institution-builder, interacted with domestic political actors, institutions and civil society in El Salvador to contribute to lasting peaceful change. (USIP-115-93F) $40,000

UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX, East Sussex, England (Project Director(s): A. Robin Luckham): A study of how Africa's military and security establishments can be brought under democratic control. The project also assesses the sustainability of the recent turn to democracy by many African states. (SG-31-93) $45,000

VILLANOVA UNIVERSITY, Villanova, PA (Project Director(s): John Gotanda & April Major): A project to create computer connectivity to facilitate communication among the members of the soon to be created Truth Commission in Bosnia (SG-79-98) $25,000

WASHINGTON OFFICE ON LATIN AMERICA, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Rachel Neild): A conference and book project on public security reform in transitional societies. Engaging donors, practitioners and researchers from the Western Hemisphere with experience in public security reform processes in El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala and Haiti, the initiative will address such issues as the conditions that affect democratic policing in fragile post-conflict democracies, the role of international actors in police reform, and the implications of sequencing international military missions, civilian police missions and institutional development assistance in post-conflict settings. The resulting study will also explore the relevance of lessons from the Latin American context for other post-conflict and transitional settings. (USIP-073-00F) $25,000

WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY, Middletown, CT (Project Director(s): Martha Crenshaw): A project to assess how the terms of debate over terrorist incidents affect the policy responses to threats of terrorism emanating from abroad. Analyzing data on the evolution of international terrorist threats to the United States, the project director will assess changing policy responses, public attitudes toward such responses, and the implications for preventing future terrorist attacks. (USIP-703) $26,850

WINIK, JAY, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Jay Winik): A grant to research and analyze democratic and nondemocratic regimes and the aggressive use of force. The study will focus on (1) the relationship between political structures and foreign policy; (2) how the public and elites perceive the issue of domestic accountability and international peace; (3) democratic states' difficulties in negotiating with nondemocratic states on issues such as arms control; (4) the role of arms control vis-a-vis other issues in negotiations between democratic and nondemocratic states; and (5) preserving and promoting democratic institutions as a means for securing international peace. (USIP-246) $24,000

WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS, Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Hugo Fruhling): Recognizing that a core issue in transitional justice and reconciliation in Latin America is the role of the police, this study will examine the Chilean model of policing, compare it with those in Argentina and Peru, and assess its impact on the process of democratic consolidation. (USIP-052-95F) $31,500

WORLD VISION, INC., Washington, DC (Project Director(s): Jasmin Cajic): A project to consolidate the creation of a Community Relations Department within the police force in the Brcko District, a multi-ethnic entity struggling to find viable ways to integrate its population under a combined Republika Srpska-Federation government. The project will seek to increase the accountability of the police to their community, improve community participation in discussion of matters of public security, and develop inter-ethnic tolerance. (USIP-205-01S) $35,000

YALE UNIVERSITY, New Haven, CT (Project Director(s): Bruce M. Russett): A grant to prepare several chapters for a book on the relationship between economic conditions and the state of public opinion in democratic countries and the aggressive use of force internationally. (USIP-121) $7,700

YESHIVA UNIVERSITY, New York, NY (Project Director(s): Stephen P. Marks): A grant to support a conference of American and Soviet legal scholars on expanding and strengthening the rule of law in the Soviet Union. The project will explore the long-term prospects for constitutional and legal reform in the areas of human rights and economic transformation. (SG-149-0) $15,000

Last updated 6/13/02