National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies

How Effective Are Different Welfare-to-Work Approaches?
Five-Year Adult and Child Impacts for Eleven Programs:

List of Tables and Figures

[ Main Page of Report | Contents of Report ]

Executive Summary

• Table 1 NEWWS Programs, Categorized by Approach, First Activity, and Enforcement Level
• Figure 1 Program Impacts on Total Earnings in Years 1 to 5
• Figure 2 Comparison of LFA, HCD, and Control Group Earnings Levels in Years 1 to 5:  Grand Rapids Only
• Figure 3 Program Impacts on Total Welfare Payments in Years 1 to 5
• Table 2 Estimated Net Gains and Losses per Program Group Member Within a Five-Year Follow-Up Period (in 1999 Dollars)

Tables

• 1.1 NEWWS Programs, Categorized by Approach, First Activity, and Enforcement Level
• 1.2 Program Environments
• 1.3 Client-Experienced Program Features, by Program Approach Implemented in Years 1 to 3 of Follow-Up
• 2.1 Research Designs for the Seven Evaluation Sites
• 2.2 Overview of Report Sample Sizes, by Site and Research Group
• 2.3 Selected Baseline Characteristics of Full Impact Sample Members
• 2.4 Time Line of Changes in Control Group Members' Eligibility for Welfare-to-Work Program Services Over the Five-Year Follow-Up Period, by Quarter of Random Assignment and Site
• 3.1 Five-Year Impacts on Participation in Employment-Related Activities
• 3.2 Five-Year Impacts on Participation in Employment-Related Activities for Sample Members Without a High School Diploma or GED at Random Assignment
• 3.3 Five-Year Impacts on Participation in Employment-Related Activities for Sample Members With a High School Diploma or GED at Random Assignment
• 3.4 Impacts on Participation in Employment-Related Activities in Year 5
• 3.5 Five-Year Impacts on Education and Training Credentials for Sample Members Without a High School Diploma or GED at Random Assignment
• 3.6 Five-Year Impacts on Education and Training Credentials for Sample Members With a High School Diploma or GED at Random Assignment
• 4.1 Impacts on Employment and Earnings in Years 1 to 5
• 4.2 Impacts on Employment Stability and Earning $10,000 or More in Year 5
• 4.3 LFA-HCD Differences in Total Employment and Earnings in Years 1 to 5
• 5.1 Impacts on Welfare Receipt and Payments in Years 1 to 5
• 5.2 Impacts on Food Stamp Payments and Receipt
• 5.3 LFA-HCD Differences in Total Welfare Payments and Receipt in Years 1 to 5
• 6.1 Impacts on Combined Income in Years 1 to 5
• 6.2 Impacts on Percentage of Five-Year Follow-Up That People Spent in Each Employment-Welfare Status
• 6.3 LFA-HCD Differences in Combined Income in Years 1 to 5
• 7.1 Impacts on Selected Measures, by Welfare History
• 7.2 Impacts on Selected Measures, by Recent Work Experience
• 7.3 Impacts on Selected Measures, by Level of Disadvantage
• 7.4 Impacts on Selected Measures, by Ethnicity
• 8.1 Impacts on Employment and Health Care Coverage
• 8.2 Impacts on Health Care Coverage for Respondents at the End of Year 5
• 8.3 Health Care Coverage for Respondents' Children at the End of Year 5
• 8.4 Impacts on Transitional Medicaid Benefits
• 8.5 Characteristics of Control Group Members With and Without Health Care Coverage at the End of Year 5
• 9.1 Summary of Impacts on Household and Personal Circumstances
• 9.2 Impacts on Marital Status During the Month Prior to the Five-Year Interview
• 9.3 Impacts on Fertility and Household Composition
• 9.4 Impacts on Moving and Housing
• 9.5 Impacts on Any Lifetime Experience of Employment-Related or Domestic Abuse
• 9.6 Impacts on Experiences of Domestic Abuse in the Year Prior to the Five-Year Follow-Up Interview
• 10.1 Impacts on Child Care Use
• 10.2 Impacts on Child Care for the Focal Child
• 10.3 Impacts on Activities Engaged in by the Focal Child on a Recent Weekday
• 11.1 Summary of Impacts on Child Outcomes, by Child Age at Random Assignment
• 11.2 Impacts on Child Outcomes During Years 3 to 5 for Any Child in the Family at Random Assignment (Aged 6 to 23 at the Five-Year Follow-Up)
• 11.3 Impacts on Child Outcomes During Years 3 to 5 for Toddlers at Random Assignment (Aged 6 and 7 at the Five-Year Follow-Up)
• 11.4 Impacts on Child Outcomes During Years 3 to 5 for Preschool-Age Children at Random Assignment (Aged 8 to 10 at the Five-Year Follow-Up)
• 11.5 Impacts on Child Outcomes During Years 3 to 5 for Young School-Age Children at Random Assignment (Aged 11 to 14 at the Five-Year Follow-Up)
• 11.6 Impacts on Child Outcomes During Years 3 to 5 for Adolescents at Random Assignment (Aged 15 to 23 at the Five-Year Follow-Up)
• 12.1 Summary of Impacts on Focal Child Outcomes
• 12.2 Impacts on Social Skills and Behavior
• 12.3 Impacts on Academic Functioning
• 12.4 Impacts on Health and Safety
• 12.5 Impacts on an Outcome Related to Living Arrangements
• 13.1 Estimated Gross and Net Costs Within a Two-Year Follow-Up Period, by Program and Service Component (in 1999 dollars)
• 13.2 Estimated Unit Costs for Employment-Related Activities (in 1999 dollars)
• 13.3 Estimated Cost per Program Group Member for Employment-Related Services Within a Five-Year Follow-up Period, by Program, Service Component, and Agency (in 1999 dollars)
• 13.4 Estimated Gross and Net Costs Within a Five-Year Follow-Up Period, by Program and Service Component (in 1999 dollars)
• 13.5 Estimated Gross and Net Costs Within a Five-Year Follow-Up Period, by Program and Education Subgroup (in 1999 dollars)
• 13.6 Estimated Program-Control Group Differences in Earnings, Fringe Benefits, and Personal Taxes per Sample Member Within a Five-Year Follow-Up Period (in 1999 dollars)
• 13.7 Estimated Program-Control Group Differences in Transfer Payments and Administrative Costs per Sample Member Within a Five-Year Follow-Up Period (in 1999 dollars)
• 13.8 From the Welfare Sample Perspective:  Estimated Monetary Gains and Losses per Program Group Member Within a Five-Year Follow-Up Period (in 1999 dollars)
• 13.9 From the Welfare Sample Perspective:  Estimated Monetary Gains and Losses per Program Group Member Within a Five-Year Follow-Up Period, by High School Diploma or GED Status at Random Assignment (in 1999 dollars)
• 13.10 From the Government Budget Perspective:  Estimated Monetary Gains and Losses per Program Group Member Within a Five-Year Follow-Up Period (in 1999 dollars)
• 13.11 From the Government Budget Perspective:  Estimated Monetary Gains and Losses per Program Group Member Within a Five-Year Follow-Up Period, by High School Diploma or GED Status at Random Assignment (in 1999 dollars)
• B.1 Five-Year Impacts on Participation in Employment-Related Activities
• B.2 Five-Year Impacts on Participation in Employment-Related Activities for Sample Members Without a High School Diploma or GED at Random Assignment
• B.3 Five-Year Impacts on Participation in Employment-Related Activities for Sample Members With a High School Diploma or GED at Random Assignment
• C.1 Impacts on Employment in Years 1 to 5
• C.2 Impacts on Earnings in Years 1 to 5
• C.3 Impacts on Employment and Earnings in Years 1 to 3
• C.4 Impacts on Employment and Earnings in the Last Quarter of Year 5
• C.5 Impacts on Employment
• C.6 Impacts on Longer-Term Employment Stability and Earnings Growth
• D.1 Impacts on Welfare Receipt and Payments in Years 1 to 3
• D.2 Impacts on Welfare Receipt in the Last Quarter of Years 1 to 5
• D.3 Impacts on Food Stamp Payments and Receipt in Years 1 to 3
• D.4 Impacts on Food Stamp Receipt and Payments in the Last Quarter of Year 5
• E.1 Impacts on Combined Income in Years 1 to 5
• E.2 Impacts on Combined Income in Years 1 to 3 and in the Last Quarter of Year 5
• E.3 Impacts on Employment and Welfare Status in the Last Quarter of Year 5
• E.4 Impacts on Receipt of Income for Respondents and Other Household Members in the Last Month of Year 5
• E.5 Impacts on Employment Status of Respondent and Other Household Members in the Last Month of Year 5
• F.1 Control Group Outcomes for Selected Measures, by Welfare History
• F.2 Control Group Outcomes for Selected Measures, by Recent Work Experience
• F.3 Control Group Outcomes for Selected Measures, by Level of Disadvantage
• F.4 Control Group Outcomes for Selected Measures, by Ethnicity
• F.5 Standard Errors for Impacts on Selected Measures, by Welfare History
• F.6 Standard Errors for Impacts on Selected Measures, by Recent Work Experience
• F.7 Standard Errors for Impacts on Selected Measures, by Level of Disadvantage
• F.8 Standard Errors for Impacts on Selected Measures, by Ethnicity
• G.1 Number of Fielded Survey Sample Members and Client Survey Response Rates
• H.1 Percentage of Survey Sample Members Having Earnings on Survey or UI Records, but Not on Both
• H.2 Comparison of Impact Estimates from Survey and UI Earnings Data for Employment in Years 1 to 5
• H.3 Comparison of Impact Estimates from Survey and UI Earnings Data for Employment in Year 5
• I.1 Impacts on Selected Outcomes, Based on Administrative Records Data, by Sample
• I.2 Impacts on Selected Outcomes, Based on Survey Data, by Sample
• J.1 Child Outcome Measures

Figures

• 2.1 Steps Leading to Random Assignment in Atlanta and Grand Rapids
• 2.2 Steps Leading to Random Assignment in Riverside
• 2.3 Sample Sizes and Data Sources
• 2.4 Time Line of Changes in Control Group Members' Eligibility for Welfare-to-Work Program Services over the Five-Year Follow-Up Period, by Quarter of Random Assignment and Site
• 3.1 Two-Year and Five-Year Participation Rates in Employment-Related Activities for Control Group Members
• 3.2 Two-Year and Five-Year Participation in Employment-Related Activities, by Research Group
• 4.1 Impacts on Employment in Years 1 to 5
• 4.2 Impacts on Earnings in Years 1 to 5
• 4.3 Impacts on Total Earnings in Years 1 to 5 for Sample Members With and Without a High School Diploma or GED at Random Assignment
• 5.1 Impacts on Welfare Receipt in the Last Quarter of Years 1 to 5
• 5.2 Impacts on Total Welfare Payments in Years 1 to 5 for Sample Members With and Without a High School Diploma or GED at Random Assignment
• 6.1 Impacts on Combined Income in Years 1 to 5
• 6.2 Impacts on Combined Income in Years 1 to 5, by High School Diploma or GED Status
• 8.1 Health Care Coverage for Respondents Over Five Years
• 9.1 Control Group Levels of Marriage
• 9.2 Control Group Levels of Living With an Unrelated Adult
• 9.3 Control Group Levels of Having Experienced Any Domestic Abuse
• 11.1 Samples and Subsamples Used in Chapters 11 and 12
• 13.1 Major Components of Gross and Net Costs for Employment-Related Services
• G.1 Five-Year Earnings and Welfare Impacts for Five-Year Client Survey Respondents and Eligibles
• G.2 Five-Year Earnings and Welfare Impacts for Five-Year Child Outcomes Study Respondents and EligiblesG.3 Five-Year Earnings and Welfare Impacts for Five-Year Teacher Survey Respondents and Eligibles

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