Report |
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Date |
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Publication |
Revised U.S.
Surveillance Case Definition for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
(SARS) and Update on SARS Cases --- United States and Worldwide,
December 2003 |
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12/12/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
On
November 3, 2003, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists
issued a new interim position statement with a new SARS case
definition to update the previous ones adopted June 26. The interim
includes clinical, epidemiologic, laboratory, and case-exclusion
criteria.
During November 2002–July 2003, a total of 8,098 probable cases of
SARS were reported to the World Health Organization from 29 countries,
including 29 cases from the United States; 774 SARS-related deaths
(case-fatality rate: 9.6%) were reported, none of which occurred in
the United States. Reporting of cases meeting previous case
definitions ended in July 2003. |
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Use of Quarantine
to Prevent Transmission of SARS---Taiwan, 2003 |
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07/25/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
Describes
influenza activity in the United States during December 7–13, 2003,
and identifies number of states reporting widespread, regional, local,
and sporadic influenza activity. During the reporting week, World
Health Organization and National Respiratory and Enteric Virus
Surveillance System laboratories reported testing 3,814 specimens for
influenza viruses. A total of 1,365 (35.8%) were positive; 262 were
influenza A (H3N2) viruses, 1,080 were influenza A viruses that were
not subtyped, and 23 were influenza B viruses. Additional information
about influenza activity is available from CDC at http://www.cdc.gov/flu. |
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Update: SARS -- Worldwide and U.S., July 18, 2003
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07/18/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
Updates
reported SARS cases worldwide as of July 11, 2003, and in the U.S. as
of July 15, 2003. Twenty-nine countries report a total of 8,427
probable SARS cases and 813 deaths (case fatality proportion: 9.6%) to
the World Health Organization. United States reports 418 cases (344
suspect; 74 probable), no deaths. The case count reflects two
revisions of the laboratory criteria in the SARS case definition: 1)
convalescent serum should be collected >28 days after symptom onset,
and 2) cases with negative convalescent serum specimens should be
excluded. Also summarizes changes in CDC travel alerts for Beijing and
mainland China, Hong Kong, Toronto, and Taiwan. |
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Update: SARS --- U.S., June 18, 2003 |
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06/20/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
Updates reported SARS cases in the U.S. and worldwide as of June 18, 2003,
and summarizes changes in CDC travel recommendations for provinces of China.
A total of 8465 probable SARS cases reported to the World Health Organization
from 29 countries; 801 deaths (case fatality proportion: 9.5%). United States
reports 409 cases (334 suspect; 75 probable) from 42 states and Puerto Rico,
no deaths. Laboratory testing to evaluate infection completed for 136 suspect
cases and 45 probable cases; eight cases confirmed. CDC downgrades its travel
advisory for Mainland China to alert status for all provinces except Beijing,
where the travel advisory remains in effect.
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Update: SARS --- Toronto, Canada, 2003 |
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06/13/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
Describes
a second wave of SARS cases among patients, visitors, and health-care
workers (HCWs) in a Toronto hospital approximately 4 weeks after SARS
transmission was thought to be interrupted. After relaxation of SARS
control measures, five patients in a rehabilitation hospital were reported
with febrile illness; investigation of pneumonia cases in that hospital
identified eight cases of previously unrecognized SARS among patients.
Investigation indicates that patients with unrecognized SARS probably
contributed to transmission among HCWs. Indicates that continued
transmission of SARS can occur when HCWs adhere to expanded
infection-control precautions, Directs HCWs to maintain suspicion for
SARS, even after a decline in cases.
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Update: SARS --- U.S., June 11, 2003 |
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06/13/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
As of
June 11, 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) has received reports
from 29 countries of 8,435 probable cases, including 70 from the United
States; 789 deaths (case fatality proportion: 9.4%). In the United States,
42 states and Puerto Rico report a total of 393 cases, no deaths.
Describes the eighth probable U. S. SARS case with laboratory evidence of
SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. Serologic testing for
antibody to SARS-CoV continues. |
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Update: SARS --- U.S., June 4,
2003 |
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06/05/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
Updates
SARS cases reported worldwide and in the United States. As of June 4,
2003, the World Health Organization has received reports of 8,402 cases
from 29 countries; 772 deaths (case fatality proportion: 9.2%) reported.
In the United States, 41 states and Puerto Rico report 373 cases, no
deaths. CDC's recommendations for travel to Hong Kong downgraded from
travel advisory to travel alert; travel alert to Singapore removed on June
4. U. S. surveillance case definition revised to reflect epidemiologic
criteria for travel exposure. |
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Update: SARS
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U.S., May 28, 2003 |
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05/30/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
Updates
information on reported cases of SARS in the world and in the United
States; reports seventh case of laboratory-confirmed illness. As of May
28, 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) receives reports of 8,240
cases from 28 countries, including the United States; 745 deaths reported
(case-fatality proportion: 9.0%). In the United States and Puerto Rico,
363 SARS cases from 41 states account for 297 suspect SARS and 66 probable
SARS. New cases of SARS reported in Toronto, Canada; CDC reissues travel
alert for Toronto. Surveillance case definition continues to recognize
cases in persons whose illness meets clinical criteria and began within 10
days of travel to Toronto.
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SARS --- Taiwan, 2003 |
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05/23/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
Describes
accelerated SARS transmission in Taiwan due to exposure within health-care
facilities. The outbreak began with an employee at a Taipai hospital. As
of May 22, a total of 137 probable cases were associated with exposures at
hospital A. Secondary clusters at eight additional hospitals are linked to
hospital A. The number of SARS cases in Taiwan associated with health-care
settings is likely to increase. In response, health officials
have reorganized outbreak response to limit nosocomial transmission
and educate health-care workers to suspect SARS in time to implement
infection-control procedures. |
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Update: SARS
---
United
States, May 21, 2003 |
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05/23/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
Updates
numbers of reported cases in United States as of May 21, 2003. A total of
7,956 SARS cases reported to the World Health Organization from 28
countries ;666 deaths(case-fatality proportion: 8.4%). United States
reports 355 cases from 40 states, no deaths. Laboratory testing to
evaluate infection completed for 122 cases; six cases confirmed. Case
reports for United States continue decrease; most cases associated with
international travel. New interim surveillance case definition provides
criteria to exclude reported cases subsequently found to have other causes
of SARS-like symptoms. Clinical judgment should be used to guide
management of patients. |
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Cluster
of SARS Cases Among Protected
Health-Care Workers-Toronto, Canada, April 2003 |
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05/16/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
Reviews
work exposures associated with a cluster of SARS cases among health-care
workers (HCWs) in a hospital that occurred despite compliance with
infection-control practices. Case history of index patient attended by
affected HCWs described. Provides contact, droplet, and airborne
precautions adopted to prevent and control transmission including updated
infection-control precautions during aerosol-generating procedures for
patients who have SARS. |
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Update: SARS --- U.S., 2003 |
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05/16/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
Provides
update on reported SARS cases worldwide. As of May 14, 2003, a total of
7,628 cases reported to the World Health Organization from 28 countries;
587 deaths (case-fatality proportion 7.7%). Total cases account for 345
reported from 38 states in United States; 281 (81%)classified as suspect
and 64 (19%) classified as probable. No deaths reported in United States.
Most cases continue to be associated with international travel to areas
affected by SARS. Provides CDC recommendations to prevent and control
transmission for inbound travelers from areas with community transmission
of SARS. CDC not recommending quarantine for persons traveling from such
areas. |
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Update: SARS --- Singapore, 2003 |
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05/09/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
Summarizes epidemiologic features of SARS in Singapore; discusses super
spreaders and national prevention and control programs. As of April 30,
201 probable cases and 722 suspect cases reported; 25 patients died
(case-fatality proportion:12.5%). Surveillance indicates 76% of infections
acquired in a health-care facility. Five patients categorized as super
spreaders who were associated with transmissions to > 10 health-care
workers, family and social contacts, or visitors to health care
facilities. Infection-control measures include designating one hospital
for SARS cases, expanding environmental practices to protect health-care
workers, stopping general hospital visitation, and providing dedicated
ambulance service. Infectious Disease Act amended, requiring more
stringent quarantine measures and providing penalties for violations. |
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Update: SARS --- U.S., 2003 |
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05/09/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
As of May
7, United States identifies 328 SARS cases reported from 38 states; 265
classified as suspect SARS, 63 classified as probable. No SARS-related
deaths reported in United States. Laboratory testing to evaluate infection
completed for 69 cases. Six cases identified as laboratory-confirmed
infection with SARS-CoV; all probable cases. Collection and testing of
convalescent serum ongoing to characterize epidemiology of SARS. Majority
of cases associated with travel and secondary spread to family members and
health-care workers. |
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Update: SARS --- U.S., 2003 |
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05/02/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
Updates
case reports of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) to the World
Health Organization as of April 30 2003. Twenty-six countries report 5,663
cases and 372 deaths (case fatality proportion: 6.6%). United States
reports 289 cases from 38 states and no deaths. United States issues
outbreak control plan to include travel alerts and advisories and
distribution of health alert notices to travelers arriving from areas
affected by SARS. |
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Updated Interim Surveillance Case Definition---U.S., 2003 |
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04/29/2003 |
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MMWR
Dispatch |
Updates
CDC’s interim surveillance case definition to include laboratory criteria
for evidence of infection with SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV).
Cases now classified as suspect or probable and include laboratory
confirmation. Several lab tests (e.g., indirect fluorescent antibody or
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain
reaction specific for viral RNA) are specified in the new criteria.
Definition should be used for reporting and classification purposes only. |
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Update: SARS---U.S., 2003 |
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04/25/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
Updates
information on reported SARS cases worldwide and among U.S. residents, and
summarizes information on a Pennsylvania resident with SARS linked to
travel to Toronto. As of April 23, 3003, a total of 25 countries reported
4,288 SARS cases and 251 deaths (case-fatality proportion 5.8%). United
States reports 245 SARS cases from 37 states, 39 of which are consistent
with the interim U.S surveillance case definition for probable SARS. CDC
issues interim travel guidance for Toronto, Ontario, Canada. CDC also
announces plan to update its interim surveillance case definition to
include laboratory criteria. |
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Update: SARS---U.S., 2003 |
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04/18/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
Updates
information on reported SARS cases among U.S. residents as additional
cases are reported to the World Health Organization (3,293 from 22
countries as of April 16, 2003). In the United States, local transmission
limited to health-care workers (HCWs) and close contacts of suspected SARS
patients who were travelers outside country. United States reports 208
suspected cases reported from 34 states. Provides guidance for conducting
surveillance of HCWs following exposure to SARS patients and for
preventing secondary transmission of SARS to close contacts. CDC continues
to develop and refine laboratory testing. |
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SARS and Coronavirus Testing --- U.S., 2003 |
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04/11/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
Summarizes the clinical histories of five U. S. residents with both
suspected SARS and laboratory evidence of infection with a novel
coronavirus. As of April 9, 2003, a total of 16 countries reported 2,722
cases of SARS and 106 deaths to the World Health Organization; United
States reports 166 cases from 30 states. CDC recommends persons postpone
elective travel to mainland China, Hong Kong, Hanoi, and Singapore.
Interim infection-control guidance is revised. Evidence accruing that a
novel coronavirus is the causative agent of SARS. On April 4, 2003, SARS
is added to the list of quarantinable diseases in the United States. |
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Update: Outbreak of SARS --- Worldwide, 2003 |
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04/04/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
As of
April 2, 2003, the World Health Organization received reports of 2,223
suspected cases from 16 countries. CDC implements an interim suspected
SARS case definition; 100 cases were reported from 28 states in the United
States. The disease has been relatively less severe among patients in the
United States. CDC advises persons to postpone elective travel to Hong
Kong and Guangdong Province China; travel notices provided to passengers
whose travel originated in affected areas. Laboratory investigations
detect a new coronavirus in SARS patients, as well as human pneumovirus.
Transmission in health-care settings reported and CDC develops interim
infection-control guidelines. |
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Update: Outbreak of SARS --- Worldwide, 2003 |
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03/28/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
Epidemiologic investigations conducted by CDC in collaboration with other
public health authorities (e.g., Hong Kong, Vietnam, Taiwan, Thailand, and
United States) links apparent transmission from an ill resident to other
residents of a Hong Kong hotel with subsequent transmission in other
countries. The World Health Organization indicates 1323 cases and 49
deaths reported from 14 locations. A novel coronavirus and metapneumovirus
are identified as possible agents of SARS. |
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Preliminary Clinical Description of SARS |
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03/21/2003 |
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MMWR
Dispatch |
By March
21, 2003, the World Health Organization had identified the majority of
patients as adults aged 25–70 years. SARS begins with mild respiratory
illness, with incubation typically 2–7 days but as long as 10 days. Lower
respiratory phase begins after days 3–7. Illness is variable, ranging from
mild to death. Although efficacious treatment regimens are unknown,
physicians have tried antibiotics, antiviral therapy, and steroids. |
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Outbreak of SARS --- Worldwide 2003 |
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03/21/2003 |
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MMWR
Weekly |
CDC’s
initial report on the outbreak prompted by a Chinese report of 305 cases
of SARS and five deaths had been reported during 11/16/02-- 2/9/03.
Excluding China, a total of 11 countries had reported 264 cases. CDC
publishes a preliminary case definition and infection-control guidelines
for the United States. |
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