USGS/CVO Logo, click to link to National USGS Website
USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington

The Volcanoes of Lewis and Clark

April 18 - 20, 1806

Up the Columbia -
The Dalles and the "Long Narrows"
 
Home
-- The Volcanoes of Lewis and Clark

Map of the Journey
-- Volcanoes, Basalt Plateaus, Major Rivers, etc.

CALENDAR of the Journey
-- October 1805 to June 1806

Along the Journey
-- Pacific Northwest Maps - Columbia River, Volcanoes, Flood Basalts, Missoula Floods, Geology, etc.

The Corps of Discovery
-- The Journey of Lewis and Clark

About the Reference Materials
-- The Journals, Biddle/Allen, DeVoto, Gass, Moulton, Topo Maps, and others

USGS Lewis and Clark Links
-- Links to USGS Websites highlighting the Lewis and Clark Journey

Resources
Publications Referenced and Websites Visited

PREVIOUS

April 15-17
Columbia River Gorge, Major Creek to The Dalles 		April 18-20

Up the Columbia,
The Dalles and the "The Long Narrows"

Rock Fort and The Dalles, The Dalles Dam, Three Mile Rapids, Mount Hood, Big Eddy, Five Mile Rapids and "The Long Narrows", 		CONTINUE

April 21
Up the Columbia, Celilo Falls to the Deschutes
 

On October 7, 1805, Lewis and Clark and the "Corps of Discovery" began their journey down the Clearwater River and into the volcanics of the Pacific Northwest. The Corps travelled from the Clearwater to the Snake and down the "Great Columbia", finally reaching the Pacific Ocean on November 15, 1805. Along the journey they encountered the lava flows of the Columbia Plateau, river channels carved by the great "Missoula Floods", and the awesome beauty of five Cascade Range volcanoes.


Map, Lewis and Clark in the Pacific Northwest
(Click map for brief summary about the area)



The Volcanoes of Lewis and Clark
Heading Home - April 1806
Up the Columbia
The Dalles and the "Long Narrows"

Friday, April 18, 1806

The Corps of Discovery's main camp, from April 15 through April 17, 1806, was once again at "Rock Fort", The Dalles, Oregon. Lewis and Clark used this spot both during both their journey to the Pacific and their journey home (October 25 through October 27, 1805, and April 15 through April 17, 1806). The fort-like basalt outcropping lies just downstream from the mouth of Mill Creek at present-day The Dalles, Oregon, on a wedge-shaped parcel bordered by the Columbia River, Bargeway Road, and Bridge and Garrison Streets. A riverfront trail leads to Rock Fort where interpretive signage marks the campsite.


Along the Journey - April 18, 1806
Map, 1855, Columbia River, Walla Walla to Vancouver, click to enlarge Map, 1858 Military recon map, The Dalles vicinity, click to enlarge Map, 1858 Military recon map, The Dalles vicinity, click to enlarge Map, 1887, The Dalles vicinity, click to enlarge Map, 1888, Five Mile Rapids, click to enlarge Map, 1934 USGS topo map upstream of The Dalles, click to enlarge NASA Image, 1997, Columbia River from The Dalles to Rock Creek, click to enlarge Image, ca.1879-1909, The Dalles, click to enlarge Image, ca.1910, The Dalles, click to enlarge Stereo Image, 1867, The Dalles, click to enlarge Engraving, 1853, The Dalles and Mount Hood, click to enlarge Engraving detail, 1884, The Dalles and Mount Hood, with Mill Creek, click to enlarge The Dalles, Oregon:
  1. 1855 Map, Columbia River, including The Dalles (Dalles) (section of original). (Click to enlarge). Original Map: "Map of Oregon and Washington Territories: showing the proposed Northern Railroad route to the Pacific Ocean, by John Disturnell, 1855. University of Washington Archives #UW155. -- University of Washington Library Collections Website, 2002
  2. 1858 Military Recon Map (section of original), Columbia River and The Dalles Vicinity. (Click to enlarge). Map of military reconnaissance from Fort Dalles, Oregon, via Fort Wallah-Wallah, to Fort Taylor, Washington Territory, 1858. Shows approximate location of military road constructed 1859 to 1862. From the report and maps of Captain John Mullan, United States Army, G.P.O., 1863. University of Washington Archives #UW85. -- University of Washington Library Archives Website, 2002
  3. 1858 Military Recon Map, close-in view (section of original), Columbia River and upstream The Dalles. (Click to enlarge). Map of military reconnaissance from Fort Dalles, Oregon, via Fort Wallah-Wallah, to Fort Taylor, Washington Territory, 1858. Shows approximate location of military road constructed 1859 to 1862. From the report and maps of Captain John Mullan, United States Army, G.P.O., 1863. University of Washington Archives #UW85. -- University of Washington Library Archives Website, 2002
  4. 1887 Map (section of original), Columbia River at The Dalles. (Click to enlarge). Original Map: The Columbia River from Celilo to the mouth showing locations of the salmon fisheries, 1887. Scale ca. 1:375,000, Relief shown by hachures. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Office, G.P.O. 1888. University of Washington Archives #UW128. -- University of Washington Library Archives Website, 2002
  5. 1888 Map (section of original), Columbia River at Three Mile Rapids, the Big Eddy, and Five Mile Rapids, 1880. (Click to enlarge). Original Map: Map of Columbia River from The Dalles to Celilo, Oregon, 1888. Scale 1:30,000. Relief shown by contours. Shows a section of the Columbia River, including fall and rapids, water gauges, and "basaltic" region. Original map is reduced from sheet 1 and 2, survey of 1879-1880, G.P.O. 1889. University of Washington Archives #UW66. -- University of Washington Library Archives Website, 2002
  6. 1934 Map (section of original), from The Dalles 1:125,000 topographic quadrangle. (Click to enlarge). The Columbia River at The Dalles, Oregon (the Washington side is not depicted on this map), including Three Mile Rapids, Big Eddy, and Five Mile Rapids. Original map surveyed in 1929-30, contour interval of 50 feet. -- University of Washington Library Collections Website, 2002
  7. 1997, NASA Image, Columbia River from The Dalles to Rock Creek (Click to enlarge). View from space - northeast looking photograph of Columbia River, The Dalles Dam, John Day Dam, Miller Island, Maryhill area, Deschutes River, John Day River, and Rock Creek, 1997. The Columbia River flows upper right (east) to lower left (west). NASA Earth from Space #STS085-734-085. -- NASA Earth from Space Website, 2002
  8. ca.1879-1909, A scene in the region served by the Oregon Railway & Navigation Company between 1879-1909. (Click to enlarge). Oregon State Archives Photograph, Photograph Date: 1879-1909, From: Salem Public Library Collection. -- Oregon State Archives Website, 2002
  9. ca.1910, Columbia River area Indians fishing with spears from platforms at The Dalles, Oregon, ca.1910. (Click to enlarge). University of Washington Archives Photograph #NA746, General Indian Collection no.564. Photograph Date: ca.1910. From: University of Washington Libraries, Seattle, Washington -- University of Washington Libraries and the Library of Congress, American Memories Website, 2002
  10. 1867, Stereo view, The Dalles. (Click to enlarge). View from upstream. Caption on image: Dalles City, Columbia River, view from the East. Photographer: Carleton E. Watkins. Photo Date: 1867. University of Washington Sterocard Collection #STE048, Stereocard Collection No. 58. -- University of Washington Libraries Collection Website, 2003
  11. 1853 Engraving, Columbia River area indian camp at The Dalles, Oregon, with Mount Hood in the background. (Click to enlarge). Engraving by John M. Stanley, 1853. From the U.S. War Department's Reports of explorations and surveys to ascertain the most practicable and econmical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, 1860, v.12, pt.1, pl.43. University of Washington Libraries Collection, #NA4170. -- University of Washington Libraries Website, 2002
  12. 1884, Detail from engraving of The Dalles, Oregon with Mount Hood on the skyline and the Columbia River and the mouth of Mill Creek in the foreground. (Click to enlarge). Created by H. Wellge. Published 1884, J.J. Stoner, Madison, Wisconsin. Panoramic view of the city of The Dalles, Oregon, county seat of Wasco County, 1884. Original lithograph shows The Dalles, Mount Hood, the Columbia River, and the mouth of Mill Creek. Reference #LC Panoramic Maps #727. -- Library of Congress American Memories Website, 2002

The Dalles:
The name "The Dalles", is derived from the French word dalle, means flagstone, and was applied to the narrows of the Columbia River above the present city of The Dalles. Undoubtedly the peculiar basalt formation suggested flagstone to the French-Canadian employees of the fur companies. This area was the center of trade for tribes from the Plains to the Pacific. The Dalles Dam has visitor center and guided tour train. -- Oregon State Archives Website, 2002, and Lewis & Clark Bicentennial in Oregon Website, 2002


We set out this morning after an early breakfast, and crossing the river, continued along the north side for four miles, to the foot of the first rapid [Three Mile Rapids, location of today's The Dalles Dam].


Along the Journey - April 18, 1806
Map, 1888, Five Mile Rapids, click to enlarge Map, 1934 USGS topo map upstream of The Dalles, click to enlarge Map, 1934 USGS topo map of The Dalles Mill Creek area, click to enlarge Three-Mile Rapids:
  1. 1888 Map (section of original), Columbia River at Three Mile Rapids, the Big Eddy, and Five Mile Rapids, 1880. (Click to enlarge). Original Map: Map of Columbia River from The Dalles to Celilo, Oregon, 1888. Scale 1:30,000. Relief shown by contours. Shows a section of the Columbia River, including fall and rapids, water gauges, and "basaltic" region. Original map is reduced from sheet 1 and 2, survey of 1879-1880, G.P.O. 1889. University of Washington Archives #UW66. -- University of Washington Library Archives Website, 2002
  2. 1934 Map (section of original), from The Dalles 1:125,000 topographic quadrangle. (Click to enlarge). The Columbia River upsteam of The Dalles, Oregon (the Washington side is not depicted on this map), including Three Mile Rapids, Big Eddy, and Five Mile Rapids. Original map surveyed in 1929-30, contour interval of 50 feet. -- University of Washington Library Collections Website, 2002
  3. 1934 Map, The Dalles (section of original), from The Dalles 1:125,000 topographic quadrangle. (Click to enlarge). Original map surveyed in 1929-30, contour interval of 50 feet. The Washington side of the river is not depicted on the map. -- University of Washington Library Collections Website, 2002


Once called "Three-Mile Rapids", today this location is the vicinity of The Dalles Dam and The Dalles Bridge connecting the states of Washington and Oregon.


Along the Journey - April 18, 1806
NASA Image, 1997, Columbia River from The Dalles to Rock Creek, click to enlarge Image, 1958, The Dalles Vicinity, Oregon, click to enlarge Image, The Dalles Dam, Oregon, click to enlarge Image, The Dalles Dam, Oregon, click to enlarge The Dalles Dam:
  1. 1997, NASA Image, Columbia River from The Dalles to Rock Creek (Click to enlarge). View from space - northeast looking photograph of Columbia River, The Dalles Dam, John Day Dam, Miller Island, Maryhill area, Deschutes River, John Day River, and Rock Creek, 1997. The Columbia River flows upper right (east) to lower left (west). NASA Earth from Space #STS085-734-085. -- NASA Earth from Space Website, 2002
  2. 1958, All the rapids of the Columbia River were inundated in March 1957 when The Dalles Dam was completed, forming Lake Celilo. (Click to enlarge). Oregon State Archives Photograph #7246(Ben Maxwell). Photograph Date: September 15, 1958. Photographer: Ben Maxwell. From: Salem Public Library Collection. -- Oregon State Archives Website, 2002
  3. Aerial view, The Dalles Dam, Oregon. (Click to enlarge). In this image, Oregon is on the left with the city of The Dalles (upper central) and Interstate-84 prominently running through the view. Washington State is on the right. -- U.S. Army Corps of Engineer Website, 2003
  4. The Dalles Dam, taken from the Washington side looking back towards Oregon and The Dalles city. (Click to enlarge). -- Environmental Protection Agency Website, 2003

The Dalles Dam:
The Dalles Dam is located 192 miles upstream from the mouth of the Columbia River, two miles east of the city of The Dalles, Oregon. The dam extends 1.5 miles from the Oregon shore to the navigation lock on the Washington shore. Because the boundary between the two states follows the old river channel, The Dalles Dam is almost entirely in the state of Washington. The project consists of a navigation lock, spillway, powerhouse and fish passage facilities. Various recreational facilities are provided along Lake Celilo, the 24-mile-long impoundment behind the dam. -- U.S. Corps of Engineers Website, 2002


Mount Hood creates a backdrop for The Dalles.


Along the Journey - April 19, 1806
Engraving, 1853, The Dalles, Oregon, with Mount Hood, click to enlarge Engraving detail, 1884, The Dalles and Mount Hood, with Mill Creek, click to enlarge Penny Postcard, ca.1915, Mount Hood from The Dalles, click to enlarge Mount Hood and The Dalles, Oregon:
  1. 1853 Engraving, Columbia River area indian camp at The Dalles, Oregon, with Mount Hood in the background. (Click to enlarge). Engraving by John M. Stanley, 1853. From the U.S. War Department's Reports of explorations and surveys to ascertain the most practicable and econmical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, 1860, v.12, pt.1, pl.43. University of Washington Libraries Collection, #NA4170. -- University of Washington Libraries Website, 2002
  2. 1884, Closer-in detail from engraving of The Dalles, Oregon, and Mount Hood. (Click to enlarge). Created by H. Wellge. Published 1884, J.J. Stoner, Madison, Wisconsin. Panoramic view of the city of The Dalles, Oregon, county seat of Wasco County, 1884. Original lithograph shows The Dalles, Mount Hood, the Columbia River, and the mouth of Mill Creek. Reference #LC Panoramic Maps #727. -- Library of Congress American Memories Website, 2002
  3. ca.1915, Penny Postcard, Mount Hood from near The Dalles. (Click to enlarge). "Mount Hood as seen from bank of the Columbia River near The Dalles, Ore.", A.M. Prentiss Photo. #447, Lipschuetz of Katz, Portland, Oregon. -- L.Topinka private collection, 2003, used with permission.

Map, the Volcanoes of Lewis and Clark, click to enlarge Map, 1855, Columbia River, Vancouver to the Pacific, click to enlarge Map, 1911 USGS topo map of Mount Hood, click to enlarge NASA Image, 1994, Columbia River Gorge, Mount Hood, Mount Adams, and Mount St. Helens, click to enlarge NASA Image, 1997, Columbia River, Mount Hood, and Mount Adams, click to enlarge Engraving, 1848, Mount Hood and Oregon City, Oregon, click to enlarge Engraving, 1853, The Dalles, Oregon, with Mount Hood, click to enlarge Engraving detail, 1884, The Dalles and Mount Hood, with Mill Creek, click to enlarge Engraving detail, 1879, Portland Oregon and Mount Hood, click to enlarge Engraving detail, 1890, Portland Oregon and Mount Hood, click to enlarge Penny Postcard, ca.1915, Mount Hood from The Dalles, click to enlarge Penny Postcard, ca1930, Mount Hood as seen from White Salmon, Washington, click to enlarge Penny Postcard, ca.1930, Portland, Oregon and Mount Hood, click to enlarge Image, Mount Hood from Timberline, click to enlarge Mount Hood:
  1. Map, "Volcano Siting", October 25, 1805, a "round mountain covered with snow ... the Falls or Timm mountain" (Mount Hood) (#4)
  2. 1855 Map, Columbia River from Vancouver to the Pacific, including Mount Hood (although not named) (section of original). (Click to enlarge). Original Map: "Map of Oregon and Washington Territories: showing the proposed Northern Railroad route to the Pacific Ocean, by John Disturnell, 1855. University of Washington Archives #UW155. -- University of Washington Library Collections Website, 2002
  3. 1911 Map of Mount Hood (section of original), from Mount Hood and Vicinity 1:125,000 topographic quadrangle. (Click to enlarge). Original map surveyed in 1907 and 1909-1911, contour interval of 100 feet. -- University of Washington Library Collections Website, 2002
  4. 1994, NASA Image, Columbia River Gorge (section of original). (Click to enlarge). View from space - Columbia River and the Columbia River Gorge, west-northwest-looking, low-oblique photograph, September 1994. The Columbia River is running from the bottom (east) to the top (west). The Cascade Range is the dark color through the middle of the image, with Mount Hood on the Oregon side of the Columbia and Mount Adams and Mount St. Helens on the Washington side of the Columbia. NASA Earth from Space #STS064-112-092. -- NASA Earth from Space Website, 2002
  5. 1997, NASA Image, Columbia River looking northeast, with Mount Adams and Mount Hood (Click to enlarge). View from space - Columbia River, Willamette Valley, Columbia Plateau, Mount Adams, and Mount Hood. In this northeast-looking photograph the Columbia River flows right (east) to left (west). NASA Earth from Space #STS085-734-085. -- NASA Earth from Space Website, 2002
  6. 1848, Etching of Mount Hood and American Village (Oregon City). (Click to enlarge). Etching by Henry James Warre, 1848. Oregon City was first settled in 1829. Dr. John McLoughlin is generally credited as the town's founding father, having contructed an early lumber mill there. Oregon City was an early capitol of the territory, until the territorial capitol was finally moved to Salem in 1851. In his book, the artist (Henry Warre) notes that a rival city had sprung up further down the Willamette during the summer of 1845 - this would become Portland, Oregon. Washington State University Archives Collection #WSU554. -- Washington State University Libray Archives Website, 2002
  7. 1853 Engraving, Columbia River area indian camp at The Dalles, Oregon, with Mount Hood in the background. (Click to enlarge). Engraving by John M. Stanley, 1853. From the U.S. War Department's Reports of explorations and surveys to ascertain the most practicable and econmical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, 1860, v.12, pt.1, pl.43. University of Washington Libraries Collection, #NA4170. -- University of Washington Libraries Website, 2002
  8. 1884, Closer-in detail from engraving of The Dalles, Oregon, and Mount Hood. (Click to enlarge). Created by H. Wellge. Published 1884, J.J. Stoner, Madison, Wisconsin. Panoramic view of the city of The Dalles, Oregon, county seat of Wasco County, 1884. Original lithograph shows The Dalles, Mount Hood, the Columbia River, and the mouth of Mill Creek. Reference #LC Panoramic Maps #727. -- Library of Congress American Memories Website, 2002
  9. 1879, Detail of engraving of Portland, Oregon and Mount Hood. (Click to enlarge). Created by E.S. Glover. Published 1879, San Francisco. "Bird's-eye-veiw, looking east to the Cascade Mountains. Original lithograph shows Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, Mount Adams, and Mount Hood, and also the Columbia River and the Willamette River. Reference #LC Panoramic Maps #722. -- Library of Congress American Memories Website, 2002
  10. 1890, Detail from engraving of Portland, Oregon with Mount Hood. (Click to enlarge). Created by Clohessy & Strengele. Published 1890, San Francisco. "Bird's-eye-view", Portland, Oregon, 1890. Original lithograph shows Mount Rainier (???), Mount St. Helens, Mount Adams, and Mount Hood, and also the Columbia River and the Willamette River. Reference #75694939. -- Library of Congress American Memories Website, 2002
  11. ca.1915, Penny Postcard, Mount Hood from near The Dalles. (Click to enlarge). "Mount Hood as seend from bank of the Columbia River near The Dalles, Ore.", A.M. Prentiss Photo. #447, Lipschuetz of Katz, Portland, Oregon. -- L.Topinka private collection, 2003, used with permission.
  12. ca.1930, Penny Postcard, Mount Hood as seen from White Salmon, Washington. (Click to enlarge). "Mount Hood and Interstate Bridge to Columbia River Highway from Evergreen Highway, White Salmon, Wash. to Hood River, Oregon." #826. -- L.Topinka private collection, 2003, used with permission
  13. ca.1930, Penny Postcard. Portland, Oregon and Mount Hood. (Click to enlarge). Angelus Commercial studio, Portland, Oregon. -- L.Topinka private collection, 2003, used with permission.
  14. Mount Hood, as seen from Timberline. (Click to enlarge). USGS photo by Lyn Topinka. -- USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory Photo Archives, 2002
Snow-clad Mount Hood dominates the Cascade skyline from the Portland metropolitan area to the wheat fields of Wasco and Sherman Counties. The mountain contributes valuable water, scenic, and recreational resources that help sustain the agricultural and tourist segments of the economies of surrounding cities and counties. Mount Hood is also one of the major volcanoes of the Cascade Range, having erupted repeatedly for hundreds of thousands of years, most recently during two episodes in the past 1,500 years. The last episode ended shortly before the arrival of Lewis and Clark in 1805, and consisted of growth and collapse of a lava dome that sent numerous pyroclastic flows down the south and west flanks. Crater Rock is the remnant of that dome. Mount Hood is 11,245 feet high, is the fourth highest peak in the Cascades, and the highest in Oregon. It was named after a British admiral and first described in 1792 by William Broughton, a member of an expedition under command of Captain George Vancouver. -- Scott, et.al., 1997, Gardner, et.al., 2000, and Swanson, et.al., 1989


Here it was necessary to unload and make a portage of seven paces over a rock, round which we then drew the empty boats by means of a cord, and the assistance of setting poles. We then reloaded, and at the distance of five miles, reached the basin at the foot of the long narrows [Big Eddy].


Along the Journey - April 18, 1806
Map, 1888, Five Mile Rapids, click to enlarge Map, 1934 USGS topo map upstream of The Dalles, click to enlarge Big Eddy:
  1. 1888 Map (section of original), Columbia River at Three Mile Rapids, the Big Eddy, and Five Mile Rapids, 1880. (Click to enlarge). Original Map: Map of Columbia River from The Dalles to Celilo, Oregon, 1888. Scale 1:30,000. Relief shown by contours. Shows a section of the Columbia River, including fall and rapids, water gauges, and "basaltic" region. Original map is reduced from sheet 1 and 2, survey of 1879-1880, G.P.O. 1889. University of Washington Archives #UW66. -- University of Washington Library Archives Website, 2002
  2. 1934 Map (section of original), from The Dalles 1:125,000 topographic quadrangle. (Click to enlarge). The Columbia River upsteam of The Dalles, Oregon (the Washington side is not depicted on this map), including Three Mile Rapids, Big Eddy, and Five Mile Rapids. Original map surveyed in 1929-30, contour interval of 50 feet. -- University of Washington Library Collections Website, 2002

Big Eddy:
Big Eddy was at the western end of the obstructions in the Columbia River at The Dalles. It was at this point that travelers and freight began the portage around these obstructions. The name "Big Eddy" probably came into use at the time of gold discoveries in eastern Oregon just after 1860. -- McArthur, 1982, Oregon Geographic Names


After unloading and arranging the camp, we went up to the Skilloot village, where we found captain Clarke. He had not been able to procure more than four horses, for which he was obliged to give double the price of those formerly purchased from the Shoshonees and the first tribe of Flatheads. These, however, we hoped might be sufficient with the aid of the small canoes to convey our baggage as far as the villages near the Muscleshell rapid [Umatilla Rapids], where horses are cheaper and more abundant, and where we may probably exchange the canoes for as many horses as we want. ...... The long narrows have a much more formidable appearance than when we passed them in the autumn, so that it would, in fact, be impossible either to descend or go up them in any kind of boat. As we had therefore no further use for the two periogues, we cut them up for fuel.
"... Wood here is very scarce, as the Columbia plains have commenced. ..." [Gass April 18, 1806]


Along the Journey - April 18, 1806
The Camp - April 18, 1806: Washington side of the Columbia, in a basin 2 miles below the Skilloot Village.


Saturday, April 19, 1806

Early in the morning, all the party began to carry the merchandise over the portage ["The Long Narrows", Five-Mile Rapid]. This we accomplished with the aid of our four horses, by three o'clock in the afternoon, when we formed our camp a little above the Skilloot village. ......


Along the Journey - April 19, 1806
Map, 1887, The Dalles vicinity, click to enlarge Map, 1858 Military recon map, The Dalles vicinity, click to enlarge Map, 1888, Five Mile Rapids, click to enlarge Map, 1934 USGS topo map upstream of The Dalles, click to enlarge Image, ca. 1914, Five Mile Rapids, click to enlarge Five Mile Rapids, The Long Narrows, or "The Dalles":
  1. 1887 Map (section of original), Columbia River at The Dalles. (Click to enlarge). Original Map: The Columbia River from Celilo to the mouth showing locations of the salmon fisheries, 1887. Scale ca. 1:375,000, Relief shown by hachures. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Office, G.P.O. 1888. University of Washington Archives #UW128. -- University of Washington Library Archives Website, 2002
  2. 1858 Military Recon Map (section of original), Columbia River and The Dalles Vicinity. (Click to enlarge). Map of military reconnaissance from Fort Dalles, Oregon, via Fort Wallah-Wallah, to Fort Taylor, Washington Territory, 1858. Shows approximate location of military road constructed 1859 to 1862. From the report and maps of Captain John Mullan, United States Army, G.P.O., 1863. University of Washington Archives #UW85. -- University of Washington Library Archives Website, 2002
  3. 1888 Map (section of original), Columbia River at Three Mile Rapids, the Big Eddy, and Five Mile Rapids, 1880. (Click to enlarge). Original Map: Map of Columbia River from The Dalles to Celilo, Oregon, 1888. Scale 1:30,000. Relief shown by contours. Shows a section of the Columbia River, including fall and rapids, water gauges, and "basaltic" region. Original map is reduced from sheet 1 and 2, survey of 1879-1880, G.P.O. 1889. University of Washington Archives #UW66. -- University of Washington Library Archives Website, 2002
  4. 1934 Map (section of original), from The Dalles 1:125,000 topographic quadrangle. (Click to enlarge). The Columbia River upsteam of The Dalles, Oregon (the Washington side is not depicted on this map), including Three Mile Rapids, Big Eddy, and Five Mile Rapids. Original map surveyed in 1929-30, contour interval of 50 feet. -- University of Washington Library Collections Website, 2002
  5. 1914, Columbia River at Five Mile Rapids. (Click to enlarge). Water Resources Department Records, Photographs and Negatives, 93A-011. -- Oregon State Archives Website, 2002

Long Narrows:
The "Long Narrows" was also known as "Five Mile Rapids", "The Dalles", and "The Great Dalles". During the steamboad era on the Columbia River, rapids in this vicinity were called names representing their distance east from the boat landing at the Dalles. The Five Mile Rapids area was under consideration as a dam site about 1914. Decades later The Dalles Dam was constructed downstream. -- Washington State Historical Society Website, 2002, Washington State Lewis and Clark Heritage Website, 2002, and Oregon State Archives Website, 2002


Archaeology at Five Mile Rapids:
Excavations at Five Mile Rapids, a few miles east of The Dalles, show humans have occupied this ideal salmon fishing site for more than 10,000 years. -- U.S. Forest Service Website, 2002, The Columbia River Gorge


In the afternoon captain Clarke set out with four men for the Eneeshur village at the grand falls [Celilo Falls], in order to make further attempts to precure horses.
"... We deturmined to make the portage to the head of the long narrows, the 2 large canoes we could take no further and therefore cut them up for fuel. we had our small canoes drawn up very early and employed all hands in transporting our baggage on their backs and by means of 4 pack horses, over the porttage. This labour we had accomplished by 3. P.M. and established our camp a little above the present Skillute village. I left Capt L. at the bason and proceeded to the village early this morning with a view to receive the horses which were promised to be brought this morning for articles laid by last evining ... I set out with Serjt Pryor, Geo. Shannon Peter Crusat & Labiech at half past 5 P.M. for the Enesher village at which place I arrived at 8 P.M. Several showers of rain in the after part of to day, and thw S W wind very high. ..." The long narrows are much more formidable than they were when we decended them last fall, there would be no possibility of passing either up or down them in any vessle at this time ..." [Clark, April 19, 1806]
"... a clear cold morning a little Snow fell on the hills last night. all hands went a packing the baggage past the portage which is about 2 miles towards evening we got all the baggag and canoes carried to the head of the narrows above the village & Camped carried our firewood past the portage also as it is so hard about the village that the Savages value it high. Capt. Clark bought 3 or 4 more horses this day. Capt. Clark and 3 men Set out this evening to go up to the Short narrows at a village in order to purchase horses untill our arival. ..." [Ordway, April 19, 1806]


Along the Journey - April 19, 1806
The Camp - April 19 and April 20, 1806:
Washington side of the Columbia River, upstream of today's The Dalles Dam.


Clark's Camp - April 19 and 20, 1806:
Enesher Village


Sunday, April 20, 1806

We now found that no more horses could be procured, and therefore prepared for setting out to-morrow. One of the canoes, for which the Indians would give us very little, we cut up for fuel, two others, together with some elk skins and pieces of old iron, we bartered for beads, and the remaining two small canoes were despatched early next morning with all the baggage which could not be carried on horseback.


Along the Journey - April 20, 1806
The Camp - April 19 and April 20, 1806:
Washington side of the Columbia River, upstream of today's The Dalles Dam.


Clark's Camp - April 19 and 20, 1806:
Enesher Village



 

Return to:
[Volcanoes and History Menu] ...
[Living With Volcanoes Menu] ...

ButtonBar
URL for CVO HomePage is: <http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/home.html>
URL for this page is: <http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/Historical/LewisClark/volcanoes_lewis_clark_april_18_1806.html>
If you have questions or comments please contact: <GS-CVO-WEB@usgs.gov>
03/22/04, Lyn Topinka