Publications
> Vaccine Management
Vaccine
Management:
Recommendations for Handling and Storage of Selected Biologicals
January
2001
Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
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Handling and storage
details for each vaccine:
- DTaP:
Diphtheria Toxoid, Tetanus Toxoid, Acellular Pertussis Vaccine
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DTaP/ACTHIB: Diphtheria Toxoid, Tetanus
Toxoid, Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Combined with Haemophilus
Conjugate Vaccine
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DTP: Diphtheria Toxoid, Tetanus Toxoid,
Whole Cell Pertussis Vaccine
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DTP/HIB: Diphtheria Toxoid, Tetanus Toxoid,
Whole Cell Pertussis Vaccine Combined with Haemophilus Conjugate
Vaccine**
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**ACTHIB-Aventis
Pasteur- Should be used within 24 hours of reconstitution
if used alone or when reconstituted with Aventis Pasteur
DTR If Aventis Pasteur DTaP is used to reconstitute ACTHIB,
the TriHibit vaccine must be used within 30 minutes. Only
Aventis Pasteur DTR DTaP or the diluent shipped with the
product, may be used to reconstitute the Aventis Pasteur
ACTHIB product. Pedvax Hib- Merck- available in liquid one-dose
vials good for 24 hours after reconstitution if kept at
2°-8°C (35°-46°F).
Shipping
Requirements:
Should be shipped in insulated container. Maintain temperature
at 2°-8°C
(35°-46°F). Do not freeze
or store vaccine in direct contact with refrigerant.
Condition on Arrival*:
Should not have been frozen.
Refrigerate on arrival.
*
If you have any questions about the condition of the material
at the time of delivery, you should: 1) Immediately place
material in recommended storage; and 2) Notify the Quality
Control office of the vaccine manufacturer; or 3) Notify
the National Immunization Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Storage
Requirements:
Refrigerate immediately on arrival. Store at 2°-8°C
(35°-46°F).
Do not freeze.
Shelf Life:
Up to 18 months. Check date on vial or container.
Instructions for Reconstitution or Use:
Shake vial vigorously before withdrawing each dose.
Shelf
Life after Reconstitution, or Opening:
Until outdated, if not contaminated.
Special Instructions:
Rotate stock so that the shortest dated material is used first.
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- HBIG:
Hepatitis B Immune Globulin
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Shipping Requirements:
Should be shipped in insulated container.
Condition on Arrival*:
Should not have been frozen.
Refrigerate on arrival.
*
If you have any questions about the condition of the material
at the time of delivery, you should: 1) Immediately place
material in recommended storage; and 2) Notify the Quality
Control office of the vaccine manufacturer; or 3) Notify
the National Immunization Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Storage Requirements:
Refrigerate immediately on arrival. Store at 2°-8°C
(35°-46°F).
Do not freeze.
Shelf Life:
Up to 1 year. Check date on vial or container.
Instructions for Reconstitution or Use:
Shake vial vigorously before withdrawing each dose.
Shelf Life after Reconstitution, or Opening:
Until outdated, if not contaminated.
Special Instructions:
Rotate stock so that the shortest dated material is used first. |
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- Hepatitis
Vaccine: Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B
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Shipping Requirements***:
Use insulated container. Must be shipped with refrigerant.
***Engerix
by Glaxo Smithkline may be shipped without refrigerant for
up to 96 hours as long as the vaccine does not exceed 86°F.
Condition on Arrival*:
Should not have been frozen.
Refrigerate on arrival.
*
If you have any questions about the condition of the material
at the time of delivery, you should: 1) Immediately place
material in recommended storage; and 2) Notify the Quality
Control office of the vaccine manufacturer; or 3) Notify
the National Immunization Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Storage Requirements:
Refrigerate immediately on arrival. Store at 2°-8°C
(35°-46°F).
Do not freeze.
Shelf Life:
Up to 3 years. Check date on vial or container.
Instructions for Reconstitution or Use:
Shake vial vigorously before withdrawing each dose.
Shelf Life after Reconstitution, or Opening:
Until outdated, if not contaminated.
Special Instructions:
Rotate stock so that the shortest dated material is used first.
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- HiB
or HBCV: Haemophilus Conjugate Vaccine
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Shipping Requirements:
Should be shipped in insulated container to help prevent freezing.
Condition on Arrival*:
Should not have been frozen.
Refrigerate on arrival.
*
If you have any questions about the condition of the material
at the time of delivery, you should: 1) Immediately place
material in recommended storage; and 2) Notify the Quality
Control office of the vaccine manufacturer; or 3) Notify
the National Immunization Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Storage
Requirements:
Refrigerate immediately on arrival. Store at 2°-8°C
(35°-46°F).
Do not freeze - this reduces potency.
Shelf
Life:
Up to 2 years. Check date on vial or container.
Instructions for Reconstitution or Use:
Reconstitute before use. If the
product requires reconstitution, record date of reconstitution
on vial. Use only diluent supplied.
Shelf Life after Reconstitution, or Opening of:
Multidose Vials - Stable until date of
expiration, if stored at 2°-8°C (35°-46°F)
when not in use.
Single Dose Vials** - Discard unused reconstituted
vials after 24 hours.
**
ACTHIB - Aventis Pasteur - Should be used within 24 hours
of reconstitution if used alone or when reconstituted
with Aventis Pasteur DTP. If Aventis Pasteur DTaP is used
to reconstitute ACTHIB, the TriHibit vaccine must be used
within 30 minutes. Only Aventis Pasteur DTP, DTaP, or
the diluent shipped with the product, may be used to reconstitute
the Aventis Pasteur ACTHIB product. Pedvax Hib- Merck-
available in liquid one-dose vials good for 24 hours after
reconstitution if kept at 2°-8°C (35°-46°F).
Special Instructions:
Rotate stock so that the shortest dated material is used first.
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Shipping
Requirements:
Should be delivered in the shortest possible time. Should not
be exposed to excessive temperatures.
Condition on Arrival*:
Should not have been frozen.
Refrigerate on arrival.
*
If you have any questions about the condition of the material
at the time of delivery, you should: 1) Immediately place
material in recommended storage; and 2) Notify the Quality
Control office of the vaccine manufacturer; or 3) Notify
the National Immunization Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Storage Requirements:
Refrigerate immediately on arrival. Store at 2°-8°C
(35°-46°F). Do not freeze.
Shelf Life:
Formulated for use within current influenza season.
Instructions for Reconstitution or Use:
Shake vial vigorously before withdrawing each dose.
Shelf Life after Reconstitution, or Opening:
Until outdated, if not contaminated.
Special Instructions:
Rotate stock so that the shortest dated vaccine is used first.
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- IPV:
Poliovirus Vaccine - Inactivated
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Shipping Requirements:
Should be shipped in insulated container with refrigerant.
Condition on Arrival*:
Should not have been frozen.
Refrigerate on arrival.
*
If you have any questions about the condition of the material
at the time of delivery, you should: 1) Immediately place
material in recommended storage; and 2) Notify the Quality
Control office of the vaccine manufacturer; or 3) Notify
the National Immunization Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Storage Requirements:
Refrigerate immediately on arrival. Store at 2°-8°C
(35°-46°F).
Do not freeze.
Shelf Life:
Up to 18 months. Check date on package.
Instructions for Reconstitution or Use:
Ampoule - 1 dose: Tap the ampoule to ensure
that the solution is in the lower portion rather than in
the neck of the ampoule. With sterile needle and syringe,
withdraw the contents of the ampoule into syringe, holding
the ampoule in such a way that the point of the needle is
kept immersed throughout the withdrawal.
Vial - 10 dose: Withdraw 0.5 cc of vaccine
into separate sterile needle and syringe for each immunization.
Shelf
Life after Reconstitution, or Opening:
Ampoule: Discard if not used immediately.
Vial: Until outdated if not contaminated.
Special Instructions:
Rotate stock so that the shortest dated vaccine is used first.
The vaccine should be perfectly clear. Any vaccine showing
particulate matter, turbidity, or change of color should be
discarded.
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Shipping Requirements:
Should be shipped in insulated containers with temperature
monitors, via overnight courier. Vaccine can tolerate up to
4 days at room temperature (20°-25°C; 68°-77°F).
Coolant packs should be used to ship if the product is to
be shipped for a long trip or if there are extremes of ambient
temperature expected during the
shipping time.
Condition on Arrival*:
Should not have been frozen.
Refrigerate upon arrival.
*
If you have any questions about the condition of the material
at the time of delivery, you should: 1) Immediately place
material in recommended storage; and 2) Notify the Quality
Control office of the vaccine manufacturer; or 3) Notify
the National Immunization Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Storage Requirements:
Refrigerate immediately upon arrival. Store at 2°-8°C
(35°-46°F).
Do not freeze.
Shelf Life:
Up to 24 months. Check date on vial or container.
Instructions for Use:
Shake well before withdrawal and use. Discard any vaccine
remaining in a single dose vial.
Special
Instructions:
Inject intra-muscularly in the deltoid region. Do not inject
intravenously, intradermally, or subcutaneously.
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- Measles
Virus Vaccine
-
Mumps Virus Vaccine
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Rubella Virus Vaccine
-
Measles/Mumps/Rubella-MMR Vaccine
-
Measles/Rubella-MR Vaccine
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Shipping Requirements:
Vaccine - Use insulated container. Must
be shipped with refrigerant. Maintain at 10°C (50°F)
or less. If shipped with dry ice, diluent must be shipped
separately.
Diluent - May be shipped with vaccine but
do not freeze.
Condition on Arrival*:
Should be below 10°C (50°F). If above this temperature,
see instructions (*) below. Do not use warm vaccine. Refrigerate
on arrival.
*
If you have any questions about the condition of the material
at the time of delivery, you should: 1) Immediately place
material in recommended storage; and 2) Notify the Quality
Control office of the vaccine manufacturer; or 3) Notify
the National Immunization Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Storage Requirements:
Vaccine may be stored separately from diluent.
Store as follows:
Vaccine
- refrigerate immediately on arrival. Store at 2°-8°C
(35°-46°F). Protect from light at all
times, since such exposure may inactivate
the virus.
Diluent may be stored at 15°-30°C
(59°-86°F) room temperature. Do not Freeze.
Special Note: Freeze dried (lyophilized)
vaccines may be maintained at freezer temperatures.
Shelf Life:
Vaccine - Up to 2 years. Check date on
container or vial.
Diluent - Check date on container or vial.
Instructions for Reconstitution or Use:
Reconstitute just before using. Use only the diluent supplied
to reconstitute the vaccine.
Single Dose Vials - Inject diluent into
the vial of lyophilized vaccine and agitate to ensure thorough
mixing. Withdraw entire contents into syringe and inject
total volume of vaccine subcutaneously.
Multidose Vials - Withdraw all diluent
from vial into syringe. Inject into vial of lyophilized
vaccine and agitate to ensure thorough mixing.
10-Dose Vials - Withdraw 0.5cc of reconstituted
vaccine into separate sterile needle and syringe for each
immunization. Licensed for jet injector use.
50-Dose Vials - Use on jet injector only,
with dosage set at 0.5cc.
Shelf
Life after Reconstitution, Thawing, or Opening:
After reconstitution, use immediately or store in a dark place
at 2°-8°C (35°-46°F). Discard if not used
within 8 hours.
Special Instructions:
Rotate stock so that the shortest dated vaccine is used first.
10-Dose Vials - May be used for both jet
injector and needle and syringe methods of immunization.
50-Dose Vials - For jet injector use. Should
not be utilized via needle and syringe method of immunization.
DISPOSAL
NOTE: All materials used for administering
live virus vaccines should be burned, boiled, or autoclaved
prior to disposal.
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- Meningococcal
Polysaccharide Vaccine,
Groups A, C, Y, W-135
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Shipping Requirements:
Should be shipped in insulated containers with temperature
monitors, via overnight courier. Powdered vaccine can tolerate
up to 45°C (113°F) for 6-8 weeks. Coolant packs should
be used to ship if the product is to shipped for a long trip
or if there are extremes of ambient temperature expected during
the shipping time.
Condition on Arrival*:
Should not have been frozen.
Refrigerate upon arrival.
*
If you have any questions about the condition of the material
at the time of delivery, you should: 1) Immediately place
material in recommended storage; and 2) Notify the Quality
Control office of the vaccine manufacturer; or 3) Notify
the National Immunization Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Storage Requirements:
Refrigerate immediately upon arrival. Store at 2°-8°C
(35°-46°F). Do not freeze.
Powdered form can tolerate 12 weeks at 37°C (98.6°F)
and 6 to 8 weeks at 45°C (113°F).
Shelf
Life:
Expires within 18 months. Check date on vial or container.
Instructions
for Reconstitution and Use:
Reconstitute gently. This is a white powder that yields a
clear colorless liquid when reconstituted with 0.5 ml of sterile
water.
Shelf Life after Reconstitution or Opening:
Use single dose vials within 24 hours of reconstitution. Unused
portions of multi-dose vials may be refrigerated at 2°-8°C
(35°-46°F) and used up to 10 days after reconstitution.
Special Instructions:
Diluent to be used is sterile water for injection with 0.01%
thimerosal. Reconstituted vaccine should be injected subcutaneously,
or with a jet injector device only. Do not inject intradermally,
intramuscularly, or intravenously.
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- Pneumococcal
7-valent Conjugate Vaccine
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Shipping Requirements:
Should be shipped in insulated containers at 2°- 8°C
(35°-46°F) with temperature monitors.
Condition on Arrival*:
Should not have been frozen.
Refrigerate upon arrival.
*
If you have any questions about the condition of the material
at the time of delivery, you should: 1) Immediately place
material in recommended storage; and 2) Notify the Quality
Control office of the vaccine manufacturer; or 3) Notify
the National Immunization Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Storage Requirements:
Refrigerate immediately upon arrival. Store at 2°-8°C
(35°-46°F). Do not freeze.
Shelf Life:
Up to 18 months. Check date on vial or container.
Instructions for Reconstitution and Use:
Vaccine should appear as a homogenous white suspension after
vigorous shaking. The vaccine should be administered intramuscularly
only.
Special Instructions:
This vaccine is a suspension containing adjuvant and, if after
vigorous shaking, should not be used if the particles can
not be resuspended.
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- Pneumococcal
Polysaccharide Vaccine—Polyvalent
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Shipping Requirements:
Should be shipped in insulated container with refrigerant.
Do not freeze.
Condition on Arrival*:
Should not have been frozen.
Refrigerate on arrival.
*
If you have any questions about the condition of the material
at the time of delivery, you should: 1) Immediately place
material in recommended storage; and 2) Notify the Quality
Control office of the vaccine manufacturer; or 3) Notify
the National Immunization Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Storage Requirements:
Refrigerate immediately on arrival. Store at 2°-8°C
(35°-46°F).
Do not freeze.
Shelf Life:
Up to 2 years. Check date on container or vial.
Instructions for Reconstitution or Use:
Vials — Shake vial vigorously before
withdrawing each dose.
Prefilled Syringes — Follow
manufacturer's directions.
Shelf Life after Reconstitution, or Opening:
Until outdated, if not contaminated.
Special Instructions:
Rotate stock so that the shortest dated vaccine is used first.
Do not inject intravenously. Intradermal
administration may cause severe local reactions and should
be avoided.
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- Td—Adult:
Tetanus-Diphtheria Toxoids
-
DT—Pediatric: Diphtheria-Tetanus
Toxoids
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Shipping
Requirements:
Should be shipped in insulated container. Maintain temperature
at 2°-8°C (35°-46°F). Do not freeze
or store vaccine in direct contact with refrigerant.
Condition on Arrival*:
Should not have been frozen.
Refrigerate on arrival.
*
If you have any questions about the condition of the material
at the time of delivery, you should: 1) Immediately place
material in recommended storage; and 2) Notify the Quality
Control office of the vaccine manufacturer; or 3) Notify
the National Immunization Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Storage
Requirements:
Refrigerate immediately on arrival. Store at 2°-8°C
(35°-46°F). Do not freeze.
Shelf Life:
Up to 2 years. Check date on vial or container.
Instructions
for Reconstitution or Use:
Shake vial vigorously before withdrawing each dose.
Shelf
Life after Reconstitution, Thawing, or Opening:
Until outdated, if not contaminated.
Special Instructions:
Rotate stock so that the shortest dated vaccine is used first.
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- Varicella
(Chickenpox) Vaccine
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Shipping
Requirements:
Ship with dry ice only. Should be delivered within 2 days.
Conditions on Arrival*:
Should be frozen. Vaccine should remain at -20°C (-5°F)
until arrival at health care facility. Dry ice should still
be present in the shipping container when vaccine is delivered.
See footnote below.
*
If you have any questions about the condition of the material
at the time of delivery, you should: 1) Immediately place
material in recommended storage; and 2) Notify the Quality
Control office of the vaccine manufacturer; or 3) Notify
the National Immunization Program, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia.
Storage
Requirements:
Maintain in a continuously frozen state at -15°C (5°F)
or colder. No freeze thaw cycles are allowed with
this vaccine. Vaccine should only be stored
in freezers or refrigerator/freezers with separate doors and
compartments. Acceptable storage may be achieved in standard
household freezers purchased in the last 10 years, and standard
household refrigerator/freezers with a separate, sealed freezer
compartment. In order to maintain this temperature it will
be necessary in most refrigerator/freezer models to turn the
temperature dial down to the coldest setting. This may result
in the refrigerator compartment temperature being lowered
as well. Careful monitoring of the refrigerator temperature
to avoid freezing killed or inactivated vaccines will be necessary.
Shelf Life:
Up to 18 months. Check date on package and use the earliest
expiration date first.
Instructions
for Reconstitution or Use:
This product is a lyophilized (freeze dried) product and should
only be reconstituted with the diluent provided with the vaccine.
This vaccine must be used within 30 minutes of reconstitution
or should be discarded.
Special Instructions:
If this vaccine is stored at a temperature warmer than -15°C,
it will result in a loss of potency and a reduced shelf life.
If a power outage or some other situation occurs that results
in the vaccine
storage temperature rising above the recommended storage,
the health care provider should contact Merck, the manufacturer,
at
1-800-9-827-4829 for a re-evaluation of the products potency
before using the vaccine.
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