September 1997 |
ToxFAQs™ |
for |
Endrin |
(Endrina) |
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This fact sheet answers the most frequently
asked health questions about endrin. For more information,
you may call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737.
This fact sheet is one in a series of summaries about hazardous
substances and their health effects. This information is important
because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure
to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration,
how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether
other chemicals are present.
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HIGHLIGHTS: Exposure to endrin
can cause various harmful effects including death and
severe central nervous system injury. Swallowing very
large amounts of endrin may cause convulsions and kill
you in a few minutes or hours. Exposure to high doses
may result in headaches, dizziness, nervousness, confusion,
nausea, vomiting, and convulsions. No long-term health
effects have been noted in workers. Endrin has been found
in at least 120 of the 1,430 National Priorities List
sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). |
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What
is endrin? |
Endrin is a solid, white, almost odorless
substance that was used as a pesticide to control insects,
rodents, and birds. Endrin has not been produced or sold for
general use in the United States since 1986.
Little is known about the properties
of endrin aldehyde (an impurity and breakdown product of endrin)
or endrin ketone (a product of endrin when it is exposed to
light).
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What
happens to endrin when it enters the environment? |
- Endrin does not dissolve very well in water. It has been
found in groundwater and surface water, but only at very
low levels. It is more likely to cling to the bottom sediments
of rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water.
- Endrin is generally not found in the air except when it
was applied to fields during agricultural applications.
- The persistence of endrin in the environment depends highly
on local conditions. Some estimates indicate that endrin
can stay in soil for over 10 years.
- Endrin may also be broken down by exposure to high temperatures
or light to form primarily endrin ketone and endrin aldehyde.
- It is not known what happens to endrin aldehyde or endrin
ketone once they are released to the environment. However,
the amount of endrin broken down to endrin aldehyde or endrin
ketone is very small.
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How
might I be exposed to endrin? |
- You may be exposed to endrin in air, water, or soil if
you live near a hazardous waste site.
- You may be exposed by eating foods that contain endrin.
- Children living near hazardous waste sites could be exposed
to endrin in contaminated soils if they eat dirt.
- Endrin levels can build up in the tissues of organisms
that live in water.
- Human breast milk may be a route of exposure for nursing
infants.
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How
can endrin affect my health? |
Exposure to endrin can cause various
harmful effects including death and severe central nervous
system (brain and spinal cord) injury. Swallowing large amounts
of endrin may cause convulsions and kill you in a few minutes
or hours.
Symptoms that may result from endrin
poisoning are headaches, dizziness, nervousness, confusion,
nausea, vomiting, and convulsions.
No long-term health effects have been
noted in workers who have been exposed to endrin by breathing
or touching it.
Studies in animals confirm that endrin’s
main target is the nervous system.
Birth defects, especially abnormal bone
formation, have been seen in some animal studies.
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How
likely is endrin to cause cancer? |
In studies using rats, mice, and dogs,
endrin did not produce cancer. However, most of these studies
did not accurately evaluate the ability of endrin to cause
cancer.
No significant excess of cancer has been
found in exposed factory workers.
The EPA has determined that endrin is
not classifiable as to its human carcinogenicity because there
is not enough information to allow classification.
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Is
there a medical test to show whether I've been exposed to endrin? |
If you are exposed to endrin, it can
be detected in your blood, breast milk, or fatty tissue. Tests
can measure endrin in the blood or fat of people recently
exposed. These tests aren’t available at most doctors’ offices,
but can be done at special laboratories that have the right
equipment.
Although these tests can be used to confirm
that a person has been exposed to endrin, it is not yet possible
to use these tests to predict the type or severity of any
health effects that might occur.
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Has the federal government made recommendations to protect human health? |
The EPA’s maximum contaminant level (MCL)
for endrin in drinking water is 0.0002 milligrams per liter
(0.0002 mg/L).
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) has established a limit of 0.1 mg endrin per cubic
meter of air (0.1 mg/m³) for an 8-hour day in a 40-hour
workweek.
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Glossary |
Carcinogenicity: Ability to cause cancer.
CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service.
Dissolve: To disappear gradually.
Long-term: 365 days or longer.
Milligram (mg): One thousandth of a gram.
Pesticide: A substance that kills pests.
Sediments: Mud and debris that have settled
to the bottom of a body of water.
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References |
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry (ATSDR). 1996. Toxicological Profile for endrin. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, Public Health Service.
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Where can I get more information? |
ATSDR can tell you where to find occupational
and environmental health clinics. Their specialists can recognize,
evaluate, and treat illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous
substances. You can also contact your community or state health
or environmental quality department if you have any more questions
or concerns. For more information, contact:
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Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Toxicology
1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop F-32
Atlanta, GA 30333
Phone: 1-888-42-ATSDR (1-888-422-8737)
FAX: (770)-488-4178
Email: ATSDRIC@cdc.gov
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