Report
on Nation's Health Documents Toll of Injuries in U.S.
Firearm Mortality Down 11%, Traffic Fatality Rates up 2%, 1993-1995
For Immediate
Release: Thursday, July 24, 1997
Contact: Jeff
Lancashire or Sandra Smith
(301) 458-4800
Health, United States,
1996-97 and Injury Chartbook View/download
PDF3.3 MB
Injuries continue to
have a major impact on the health of Americans, according to the latest
federal government report on the nation's health, issued today by HHS
Secretary Donna E. Shalala.
In 1995, 6 percent of
all deaths, 8 percent of all hospital discharges, and 37 percent of all
emergency department visits were injury-related.
"The toll of
injuries on our society continues to be a big concern, especially since
the victims are often children and young people," said Secretary
Shalala. "In fact, injuries cause more deaths among youth than
disease or natural causes."
The report, "Health,
United States, 1996-97 and Injury Chartbook," prepared by the
National Center for Health Statistics, a part of the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, is a comprehensive profile of the nation's health,
which examined a wide range of topics. This year's report includes a
special section on injuries.
The report finds that
in recent years, long-standing trends in firearm and motor vehicle injury
mortality have reversed themselves. Age-adjusted firearm mortality, which
increased 22 percent between 1985 and 1993, dropped 11 percent between
1993 and 1995. Meanwhile, age-adjusted motor vehicle fatality rates, which
declined 15 percent between 1985 and 1993, increased 2 percent from 1993
to 1995. This reversal appears to have continued through June 1996,
according to preliminary data.
Other injury-related
findings include:
Motor vehicle traffic injuries, firearm injuries, and poisoning were the
three leading causes of injury death in 1995, accounting for nearly
two-thirds of all injury deaths.
In 1994-95,
unintentional injury death rates and suicide rates for persons 15-34 years
were higher for American Indians than for other racial or ethnic groups.
Homicide rates for ages 15-34 years were higher for black persons of the
same age than for other groups. Among persons 75 years and over, injury
mortality was lower for Hispanic persons than for other groups primarily
as a result of their lower unintentional injury death rates due to falls
and suffocation.
In 1992-94, three out
of five injury hospitalizations among elderly persons 75 years of age and
over were for fractures, and more than one-half of the fractures were to
the hip. Hip fracture rates for elderly females were twice the rates for
males.
In 1993-94, three
causes of injury morbidity -- falls, being struck by or against something,
and motor vehicle traffic-related injuries -- accounted for nearly 1 in 5
emergency department visits.
"Health, United
States, 1996-97 and Injury Chartbook," also documents the latest
trends on subjects like health status, fertility and natality, mortality,
health resources, utilization, expenditures, and insurance coverage. In
1995, average life expectancy at birth continued to increase for
Americans, reaching 75.8 years, up from 75.7 years in 1994. Some other
findings include:
Overall
mortality for black Americans continues to be about 60 percent higher than
for white Americans. For most leading causes of death, mortality is higher
for black Americans than for other racial and ethnic groups. In 1995 the
age-adjusted homicide rate for black Americans was 6 times the rate for
white Americans and the AIDS death rate was nearly 5 times that for white
Americans.
Death rates for
American Indians under 55 years of age are higher than those for white
Americans. In 1993-95 the age-adjusted death rates for American Indian
males and American Indian females under 55 years of age were about 40
percent higher than the corresponding rates for white males and white
females. The death rate for American Indian children 1-4 years of age was
almost double that for white children.
Death rates for
Hispanic American males 15-44 years of age are higher than those for
non-Hispanic white males. In 1995 the death rate for Hispanic males 15-24
years of age was 53 percent higher than for non-Hispanic white males.
Breast cancer is the
most frequently diagnosed cancer in women and the second leading cause of
cancer deaths among women (after lung cancer). In 1995 the age-adjusted
death rate for breast cancer for black females was 34 percent higher than
for white females. Between 1990 and 1995 breast cancer death rates for
black females were relatively stable while those for white females
decreased 10 percent.
The risk of breast
cancer among women is greatest among the elderly. Between 1987 and 1993
the use of mammography within the past 2 years among women 65 years of age
and over more than doubled increasing from 23 percent to 54 percent and
then leveled off at 55 percent in 1994.
Between 1993 and 1995
the number of inpatient short-stay hospital days of care for persons
discharged with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
decreased from 2.6 million to 2.1 million after increasing two-fold during
the previous 5-year period, 1988 to 1993.
Between 1990 and 1994
the age-adjusted prevalence of current cigarette smoking among persons 18
years of age or over has remained stable at 25-26 percent. In 1994 the
age-adjusted prevalence of current cigarette smoking among persons 25
years of age and over ranged from 12 percent for college graduates to 38
percent for persons with less than a high school education.
Between 1976-80 and
1988-94 the age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension for adults 20-74 years
declined from 39 to 23 percent.
Between 1960-62 and
1988-94 the age-adjusted mean serum total cholesterol level for adults
20-74 years declined from 220 to 203 mg/dL. During the same period the
age-adjusted percent of adults with high serum cholesterol (greater than
or equal to 240 mg/dL) declined from 32 to 19 percent.
Between 1993 and 1995
the age-adjusted proportion of the population under 65 years of age with
private health insurance has remained stable at 70-71 percent after
declining from 77 to 71 percent between 1989 and 1993. Changes in
eligibility rules in the Medicaid program resulted in an increase in the
proportion of the population with Medicaid coverage from 6 percent in 1989
to 10-11 percent during 1993 to 1995.
The age-adjusted
proportion of the population under 65 years of age without any health care
coverage has stayed around 17 percent from 1989 to 1995. Hispanic persons
were more than twice as likely to have no coverage as non-Hispanic white
persons in 1995 (32 percent and 13 percent).
In 1995 the
age-adjusted percent of persons under 65 years of age with no health care
coverage declined steadily with increasing income from 34 percent among
those with family incomes of less than $14,000 to 5 percent among those
with family incomes of $50,000 or more.
Between 1995 and 1996
enrollment in health maintenance organizations (HMOs) increased 14 percent
to 52.5 million persons, an increase of 6.3 million over 1995. Most of
this increase was attributable to greater use of HMOs by Medicaid
enrollees.
"Health, United States,
1996-97 and Injury Chartbook," can be downloaded from the National Center
for Health Statistics'
(NCHS) Home Page at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/.
NCHS is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS.