Prepared by:
Southern California/RAND Evidence-based Practice Center
Los Angeles, CA
Program Directors
Paul G. Shekelle, M.D., Ph.D.
Sally C. Morton, Ph.D.
Project Director
Catherine H. MacLean, M.D., Ph.D.
Project Manager
Rena Hasenfeld Garland, B.A.
Statistician
Wenli Tu, M.S.
Programmer/Analyst
Lara K. Jungvig, B.A.
Scientific Reviewers
Walter A. Mojica, M.D., M.P.H.
James Pencharz, B.Sc. (Kin)
Jennifer Grossman, M.D.
Puja Khanna, M.D., M.P.H.
Editor
Sydne J. Newberry, Ph.D.
Technical Advisors
Ian Gralnek, M.D., M.S.H.S.
Alan Nissenson, M.D.
Librarians
Jessie McGowan, M.L.I.S.
Nancy Santesso, R.D., M.L.I.S.
Staff Assistants
Donna Mead, B.A.
Shannon Rhodes, M.F.A.
Shana Traina, M.A.
File Name Description Software Version File Size ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 01front.doc Microsoft Word® Document MS Word® 2002 191KB 11 pages Contents: Title Page, Preface, Acknowledgments, Structured Abstract, Table of Contents ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 02chap1.doc Microsoft Word® Document MS Word® 2002 391KB 11 pages Contents: Chapter 1. Introduction: The Recognition of Essential Fatty Acids; Fatty Acid Nomenclature; Table 1.1. Nomenclature of omega-3 fatty acids; Fatty Acid Metabolism; Physiological Functions of EPA and AA; Dietary Sources and Requirements; Figure 1.1. Classical omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid synthesis pathways and the role of omega-3 fatty acid in regulating health/disease markers; Table 1.2. Sources and proportions of omega-3 fatty acids in common foods and supplements; Table 1.3. Good food sources* of omega 3 fatty acids; Table 1.4. Estimates of the mean intake of LA, ALA, EPA, and DHA in the U.S. Population from analysis of NHANES III data; Table 1.5. Mean, range, and median usual daily Intakes (ranges) of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs, in the U.S. population, from analysis of CSFII data (1994 to 1998); Rationale for and Organization of this Report; Table 1.6. The omega-3 fatty acid content, in grams per 100 g food serving, of a representative sample of commonly consumed fish, shellfish, and fish oils, and nuts and seeds, and plant oils that contain at least 5 g omega-3 fatty acids per 100 g ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 03chap2.doc Microsoft Word® Document MS Word® 2002 193KB 10 pages Contents: Chapter 2. Methodology: Objectives; Scope of Work; Original Proposed Key Questions; Technical Expert Panel; Key Questions Addressed in this Report; Assessment of Adverse Events; Identification of Literature Sources; Evaluation of Evidence; Extraction of Data; Grading Evidence; Data Synthesis; Meta-Analysis; Sensitivity Analyses; Publication Bias; Interpretation of the Results; Peer Review ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 04chap3.doc Microsoft Word® Document MS Word® 2002 1.6MB 39 pages Contents: Chapter 3. Results: Results of Literature Search; Figure 3.1. Literature flow; DIABETES: Table 3.1. Diabetes: mean difference for total cholesterol; Table 3.2. Relationship between methodologic quality and applicability for estimates of effect of omega-3 fatty acid consumption on total cholesterol among people with type II diabetes; Table 3.3. Diabetes: mean difference for high-density lipoprotein (HDL); Table 3.4. Relationship between methodologic quality and applicability for estimates of effect of omega-3 fatty acid consumption on HDL among people with type II diabetes; Figure 3.3. Diabetes: High Density Lipoprotein (HDL); Table 3.5. Diabetes: mean difference for low-density lipoprotein (LDL); Table 3.6. Relationship between methodologic quality and applicability for estimates of effect of omega-3 fatty acid consumption on LDL among people with type II diabetes; Figure 3.4. Diabetes: Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL); Table 3.7. Diabetes: mean difference for triglycerides; Table 3.8. Relationship between methodologic quality and applicability for estimates of effect of omega-3 fatty acid consumption on triglycerides among people with type II diabetes; Figure 3.5. Diabetes: Triglycerides; Table 3.9. Diabetes: mean difference of fasting blood glucose; Table 3.10. Relationship between methodologic quality and applicability for estimates of effect of omega-3 fatty acid consumption on fasting blood sugar among people with type II diabetes; Figure 3.6. Diabetes: Fasting Blood Glucose; Table 3.11. Diabetes: effect size of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c); Table 3.12. Relationship between methodologic quality and applicability for estimates of effect of omega-3 fatty acid consumption on glycosylated hemoglobin among people with type II diabetes; Figure 3.7. Diabetes: Hemoglobin A1c (HgA1c); INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: Table 3.13. Ulcerative colitis disease: relative risk of relapse; Table 3.14. Relationship between methodological quality and applicability for estimates of effect of omega-3 fatty acid consumption with ulcerative colitis disease for relapse/remission; Figure 3.8. Ulcerative Colitis Disease: Relative Risk of Relapse; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: Table 3.15. RA: effect size for patient assessment of pain; Table 3.16. Relationship between methodologic quality and applicability for estimates of effect of omega-3 fatty acid consumption on pain among people with rheumatoid arthritis; Figure 3.9. RA: Patient Assessment of Pain; Table 3.17. RA: effect size for swollen joint count; Table 3.18. Relationship between methodologic quality and applicability for estimates of effect of omega-3 fatty acid consumption on swollen joints among people with rheumatoid arthritis; Figure 3.10. RA: Swollen Joint Count; Table 3.19. RA: effect size for ESR; Table 3.20. Relationship between methodologic quality and applicability for estimates of effect of omega-3 fatty acid consumption on ESR among people with rheumatoid arthritis; Figure 3.11. RA: ESR; Table 3.21. RA: effect size for patient global assessment; Table 3.22. Relationship between methodologic quality and applicability for estimates of effect of omega-3 fatty acid consumption on global assessment among people with rheumatoid arthritis; Figure 3.12. RA: Patient Global Assessment; RENAL DISEASE; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; BONE DENSITY/OSTEOPOROSIS; Publication Bias; Adverse Events; Table 3.23. Summary of reported adverse events; ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 05chap4.doc Microsoft Word® Document MS Word® 2002 45KB 4 pages Contents: Chapter 4. Discussion: Overview, Main Findings, Conclusions, Future Research ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 06refs.doc Microsoft Word® Document MS Word® 2002 186KB 8 pages Contents: References and Included Studies ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 07exstud.doc Microsoft Word® Document MS Word® 2002 535KB 73 pages Contents: Listing of Excluded Studies ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 08acro.doc Microsoft Word® Document MS Word® 2002 64KB 2 pages Contents: Acronyms ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 09appa.doc Microsoft Word® Document MS Word® 2002 325KB 16 pages Contents: Appendix A. Methodologic Approach: A.1. Preliminary Research Questions; A.2. Technical Expert Panel; A.3. Search Strategies; A.4. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria; A.5. Evidence Grading System; A.6. External Peer Reviewer ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10appb.doc Microsoft Word® Document MS Word® 2002 286KB 10 pages Contents: Appendix B. Coding/Data Abstraction Forms: B.2. Literature Screener Form; B.3. Quality review form ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11appc.doc Microsoft Word® Document MS Word® 2002 1.1MB 163 pages Contents: Appendix C. Evidence Tables: Table C.1. Evidence table of clinical effect of omega-3 fatty acids in type II diabetes or metabolic syndrome; Table C.2. Evidence table of clinical effect of omega-3 fatty acids in inflammatory bowel disease; Table C.3. Evidence table of clinical effect of omega-3 fatty acids in rheumatoid arthritis; Table C.4. Evidence table of clinical effect of omega-3 fatty acids in renal disease; Table C.5. Evidence table of clinical effects of omega-3 fatty acids in systemic lupus erythematosus; Table C.6. Evidence table of clinical effect of omega-3 fatty acids in bone mineral density/osteoporosis ________________________________________________________________________________________________
AHRQ Publication No. 04-E012-2
Current as of March 2004
Internet Citation:
Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Lipids and Glycemic Control in Type II Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome and on Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Renal Disease, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and Osteoporosis. File Inventory, Evidence Report/Technology Assessment Number 89. AHRQ Publication No. 04-E012-2, March 2004. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/o3lpdinv.htm
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