Promoting Tourism in Rural America

This publication contains material that is considered accurate, readable, and available. The opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Department of Agriculture. Inclusion of publications and softwa re databases in this publication does not imply product endorsement.

INTRODUCTION

This publication is a revision of an earlier RIC publication focused on the potential for tourism development in rural America. Since the first edition of Promoting Tourism in Rural America there have been changes in what was supposed to be majo r resources for tourism information. First, he United States Travel and Tourism Administration (USTTA) was abolished during fiscal year 1996, and, second, the OuR-TOWN network and database have not been developed as hoped. Critical tourism functions of the USTTA have been transferred to the International Trade Administration (ITA). At the time of this writing an Internet site still exists for OuR-TOWN, but it is no longer updated.

Promoting Tourism is composed of bibliographic citations with annotations, contact lists of individuals, organizations, and agencies that focus their efforts on tourism and rural development. A list of selected journals pertinent to the topic is include d.

This publications is by no means a comprehensive review of the existing literature on tourism. The author utilized the print and electronic resources available at National Agricultural Library's Rural Information Center with supplemental use of the Libra ries of the University of Maryland at College Park. Efforts were made to provide the user with pertinent current and past material, and touch upon aspects and ideas of rural tourism that were not have been included prior to this time.

Since rural development really boils down to an economic development issue, several other RIC publications may be useful to anyone using this resource on tourism. A Guide to Funding Resources, Federal Funding for Rural Areas, and others may be o btained from the Rural Information Center, (800) 633-7701.

General

101 Ideas on Economic Development. Cal Clark. Omaha, Nebr.: Peoples Natural Gas, 1994. 115 p.

This publication is a compilation of newspaper columns written by the author. Divided into sections that largely focus on different aspects of economic development, it may serve as a readable layman's guide. Possibly biased and limited in focus to the mid-west.

101 More ideas on Economic Development. Cal Clark. Omaha, Nebr.: UtiliCorp United, 1997.128p.

Compilation of newspaper columns by the author.

Amenities for Rural Development: Policy Examples. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris: OECD, 1996. 114 p. NAL Call No.: HN49.C6A44 1996.

This publication by a multi-national trade and economic development organization provides case studies of rural development in many different nations including the U.S.. Chapter five focuses on "Managing Rural Amenities in the United States." It includes information about types of funding and techniques to finance rural development.

Community Tourism Assessment Hanbook. Jane L. Brass, ed. Corvallis, Oreg.: Western Rural Development Center, Oregon State University, 1996. NAL Call No.: G155 U6C65 1994.

Well organized nine chapter publication covering all basics of tourism. Chapter three focuses on Surveying community resident attitude. Draft forms, sample charts, and Q & A checklists found throughout.

Discovered Country: Tourism and Survival in the American West. Scott Norris, ed. Albuquerque, N.Mex.: Stone Ladder Press, 1994. 249 p.

Devoted entirely to tourism in the western United States, this book is composed mosty of critical essays. 14 photographs are included.

Enhancing Rural Economies Through Amenity Resources: A National Policy Symposium. Joanne F. Zeigler, ed. State College, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University, 1991. 196 p.

Certain essays are outdated, but many are still pertinent. Symposium sessions focused on developing policies, amenity resources, partnerships, transportation, and quality of life issues. List of symposium participants included.

Ethnic Variation in Leisure and Recreational Interests. Edward J. Jepson, Jr., David W. Marcouiller. CLP Bibliography 311. Chicago, IL: Council of Planning Librarians, 1994. 24 p.

This annotated bibliography includes material to assist planners in understanding the ethnic vatation in leisure and recreation behavior and preferences.

"Leaders' Perspectives on Rural Tourism: Case Studies in Pennsylvania." Lisa Bourke and A.E. Luloff. Journal of the Community Development Society 26 no.2 (1995): 224-39. NAL Call No.: HN49C6J6.

Case-study of local leader and resident attitudes toward and perceptions of tourism development efforts. Analyses economic benefits, social impacts. local participation, and threats to rurality associated with tourism. Findings contradict earlier literature. Emphasis is on local participation.

"Local Dependency, Land Use Attitudes, and Economic Development: Comparisons Between Seasonal and Permanent Residents." Gary P.Green, David Marcouiller, Steven Deller, Daniel Erkkila, and N.R. Smith. Rural Sociology 61 no.3 (1996): 427-445. NAL Call No.: 275.29 K4152.

Examines attitudes toward land use controls and economic development among seasonal and permanent residents. Case specific to a northern Wisconsin county, but useful to any region that has seasonal residents. Study shows that these two groups often differ in opinion on these two issues.

Niche Markets and Rural Development: Workshop Proceedings and Policy Recommendations. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Paris: OECD, 1995. 142 p. NAL Call No.: HN49.C6N5 1995.

Niche markets are defined as special, small, defensible areas of a larger market. Niche market products are specialized. This item is a compilation of workshop papers applicable to rural communities worldwide. Notable is Chapter 6 -- "Creating Niche Markets in a Growing Sector: Rural Tourism."

"Organising Resources for Rural Tourism Development: The Importance of Leadership, Planning and Technical Assistance." Patrick T. Long and Jonelle S. Nuckolls. Tourism Recreation Research 19 no.2 (1994): 19-34.

Very detailed analyses of the role of leadership, planning, and technical assistance in tourism development. Several cases are examined. Planning chart, assistance provider matrix, and substantial literature citations are included.

"Planned Retirment/Recreation Communities are Among Development Strategies Open to Amenity-Rich Rural Areas." Paul B. Siegal, Frank O. Leuthold, and Judith I. Stallman. Rural Development Perspectives 10 no. 2 (1995): 8-14. NAL Call No.: aHN90.C5R78.

This article details one project to attract new retirees to a rural community. Focus is on increasing local tax revenue without the dramatic increased demand for services. Study is place specific, but applicable to other areas.

Planning for Balanced Development: A Guide for Native American and Rural Communities. Susan Guyette. Santa Fe, N. Mex.: Clear Light Publishers, 1996. 312 p.

Includes chapters on sustainable development, cultural revitalization, business development, and generating funding. Appendices of state art and state humanities councils, north american Indian cultural centers and museums, and business plan guidelines included.

Q and A about Rural Tourism Development: Based on Questions from the Turn it Around with Tourism Teleconference. Barbara Koth, Glenn Kreag, and Matthew Robinson, comps. St.Paul, MN: Minnesota Extension Service, University of Minnesota, 1993.119 p.

Compiled from over 100 questions, answers many of the questions common among those involved with rural tourism. Community involvement, planning, services, funding, marketing, and the politics surrounding rural development are lucidly covered. Includes a contact list of tourism specialists who contributed.

"Railroads, Tourism, and Native Americans in the Greater Southwest." Shelby J. Tisdale. Journal of the Southwest 38 no.4 (1996): 433-462.

Detailed history of tourism in the southwestern U.S., and how railroads effected its development and the lives and traditions of Native Americans of the region. Useful background for any examination or venture into tourism in the region.

"Rural Action Class Perceptions of Tourism and its Potential for Economic Development: Case Studies from Four Rural Pennsylvania Counties." Steven W. Burr. General Technical Report, No. INT-323 (1995): 82-89.

Conducted in rural Pennsylvania the applicability of this study goes beyond one state. Local residents' understanding of and commitment to tourism as a development tool is very important. Can be complex and appear technical. Implications of study are detailed and relevant.

Rural Development in the United States: Connecting Theory, Practice, and Possibilities. William A. Galston and Karen J. Baehler. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1995. 353 p. NAL Call No.: HN90.C6G35 1995.

This book provides a broad overview of rural development in general. Significant background and context of development is given, as is a seven part sectoral analysis. Chapter eight, "Tourism," focuses on various development strategies.

Rural Development Strategies. David W. Sears and J. Norman Reid, eds. Chicago, Ill.: Nelson-Hall, 1995. 304 p. NAL Call No.: HN90.C6R775 1995.

This book looks at rural development and public policy, and primarily how it has changed since the onset of President Clinton's administration, and the Republican 'revolution' of 1994. Noteworthy are two chapters that focus on "The importance of local airports to rural businesses," and "Prisons and rural communities."

Rural Tourism Handbook: Selected Case Studies and Development Guide. United States Travel and Tourism Administration. Washington, D.C.: USTTA, 1993. 188p.

This is a compilation of case studies that focuson different aspects of rural tourism and development. Divided into six different sections, it provides examples to guide you through issues related to the benefits and challenges, leadership, organization, assessment, goals, and marketing of rural tourism.

Strategies for Rural Competetiveness: Policy Options for State Governments. Thomas W. Bonnett. Washington, D.C.: Council of Governors' Policy Advisors, 1993. 176 p. NAL Call No.: HN90.C6B66 1993.

This book examines rural development and competetiveness from a global perspective, showing how rural communities are inseperably linked to international economics and politics. It demonstrates why state governments should be concerned about the lack of rural com-petetiveness, and how public policy can address this issue. Chapter 4 on specific strategies is included.

Tourism: a New Perspective. Peter Burns and Andrew Holden. London: Prentice Hall, 1995. 239 p.

Encompasses most every aspect of tourism of interest to community and organization leaders. Not a case study, but a complete source for placing tourism in global context, as well as planning tourism from the grass roots.

"Tourism and Food Service: Two Sides of the Same Coin." Stephen Elmont. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 36 no.1 (1995): 57-63.

Ostensibly directed at government officials in developing countries, this report is useful to any region or community considering tourism development. Itemizes reasons to develop food service industry, and describes the role of government and private sector leaders in this process. Applicable as an integrated appraoch to tourism development.

"Tourism Means More Than Money to the Host Community." Claudia, Jurowski. Parks and Recreation 31 no.9 (1996): 110-118. NAL Call No.: 98.8P23.

Focuses on the non-economic benefits of tourism. Identifies three significant groups of citizens within a community: the attached resident, the resource user, and the environ-mentalist. Identifies some non-economic benefits and suggests activities to gain support from these three groups.

"Tourism on American Indian Lands in the USA." Alana Lew. Tourism Management 17 no.5 (1996): 355-365.

Based on a survey of over 330 Native American tribal governments, this report provides a cross-section of the tourism management structures in place across the U.S. Useful to anyone considering tourism on a reservation or analyzing tourism management on indian reservations within the United States.

Tourism Planning. David W. Marcouiller. CPL Bibliography No. 316. Chicago, IL: Council of Planning Librarians, 1995. 37 p.

This annotated bibliography is for professional tourism planners and all those interested in strategic planning for tourism development.

"Toward Integrative Tourism Planning in Rural America." David W. Marcouiller. Journal of Planning Literature 11 no.3 (1997): 337-357.

In depth examination of integrative planning literature past and present. Emphasis on integrating rural tourism planning efforts within the broader regional development contexts with respect to existing political, social, cultural, and environmental atmosphere. Useful charts for planning and monitoring the planning process included. Extensive reference list.

A Training Guide for Rural Tourism Development. Barbara Koth, Glenn Kreag, and John Sem. St. Paul, MN: Rural Tourism Center, Minnesota Extension Service, 1995. 1 vol.

Designed as a practical training tool and comphrehensive 300 page reference guide, this publication provides how-to information for rural communities working on tourism programs. Along with the training guide, two videos, Success Story Video and Turn it Around with Tourism, were also developed and are available through the Tourism Center. For ordering information contact: The Rural Tourism Center, Minnesota Extension Service, University of Minnesota, Room 3, Coffey Hall, 1420 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108. Or Telephone: 612-625-8173.

Using County Sales Tax to Identify Tourism Trends: Selected Wisconsin Counties. Prepared by David W. Marcouiller, Jeffery A. Alpi. Extension Report 95.1. Madison, WI: Tourism Research and Resource Center, University of Wisconsin-Extension/ Madison, 1995.

This report discusses the trend of the use of county outlines trends in tourism-sensitive business sectors at the county level using sales tax information provided by the State. Gennerally, higher net sales tax per capita are gound among counties where tourism is relatively more important.

World Tourism at the Millenium: An Agenda for Industry, Government, and Education. D.L. Edgell Washington D.C.: U.S. Travel and Tourism Association, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1993. 64 p. NAL Call No.: G155.A1E33 1993.

Very broad report intended to show tourism's impact on the world and the world's impact on tourism. No specific regional of national focus. Useful in understanding global economic forces.

Bed & Breakfasts

So--You Want to be an Innkeeper: The Complete Guide to Operating a Successful Bed & Breakfast Inn. Mary E. Davies, Pat Hardy, JoAnn M. Bell, and Susan Brown. San Francisco, Calif.: Chronicle Books, 1996.

This book provides information on most every aspect of finding, starting, and operating a B & B. Detail is more extensive than many other guides.

Start and Run a Profitable Bed and Breakfast; Your Step-by-step business Plan. Monica Taylor and Richard Taylor. North Vancouver, B.C.: Self-Counsel Press, 1992. 206 p.

A detailed guide to opening and operating a B & B. Portion on "Renovations", sample forms, and charts for estimates and record keeping included. Also contains contact and publication list of tourism offices.

32
Starting a Bed & Breakfast. Edward L. Smith and Ann K. Smith. Morgantown, W.Va: Extension Service, West Virginia University, (1993?). R.D. No. 767. 20p. NAL Call No.: HN79.W43C67.

A useful summary guide to issues surrounding the establishment of a B&B. Background, marketing, law, organization and planning are covered. A "forms" checklist is included.

Ecotourism/Sustainable Development

33
"Conservation, Community, and Rural Economic Development." Rebecca Bryant. National Civic Review 86 no.2 (1997): 181-87.

Focuses on Ecotrust, a non-profit conservation group based in the pacific northwest. Ecotrust advocates an approach to rural development that is not dependent on "urban job generators." Rather, emphasis is placed upon creating local wealth, improving the quality of life, and utilizing local resources.

34
Ecotourism: An Annotated Bibliograph for Planners and Managers. Paul F.J. Eagles and Per Nilsen, eds. North Bennington, VT: The Ecotourism Society, 1997. 4th ed. 124p.

An annotated bibliography of ecotourism articles and publications. Subject areas covered include: ecotourism planning, economic issues, community development, local participation, and conservation education and development. Ordering information can be obtained from The Ecotourism Society listed under the National Organizations section in this publication.

35
Ecotourism: A Guide for Planners and Managers. Kreg Lindberg and Donald E. Hawkins, eds. North Bennington, Vt.: Ecotourism Society, 1993. 175 p.

Largely international in scope. Intended for larger scale tourism operations. Useful general information and overview of ecotourism.

36
Ecotourism and the Florida State Parks : A Marketing Plan to Promote Responsible Ecotravel in Florida. Tallahassee, FL: Division of Recreation and Parks, Bureau of Operational Services, Ecotourism Marketing, 1997. 11 p.

This marketing plan stresses responsible, or ethical promotion, conservation and protection of natural areas open to visitors. In this case, the emphasis is on Florida state parks.

37
Environmental Issues of Tourism and Recreation. Zbigniew Mieczkowski. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1995. 552 p.

Very thorough book covering many aspects of tourism and the environment. Both negaative and positive impacts, issues of sustainability and management, and ecotourism are treated.

38
Nature-based Tourism Enterprises. Thomas D. Potts. Clemson, S.C.: Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, Clemson University, 1993. 10 p. NAL Call No.: G155A1P68 1993.

A beginner's guide to starting your own nature-based tourism business. Tips on all aspects of start-up issues included.

39
Nature-Based Tourism : A Workbook. Tallahassee, FL: Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, 1996? 1 vol.

This workbook is based on Florida's industry and needs, however it is a model for setting up an inventory and working document for any state.

40
Nature Tourism: Managing for the Environment. Tensie Whelan, ed. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1991.

Chapter 5 focuses on "Ecotourism on family farms and ranches in the American West." Chapters 1 and 9 focus on the sustainability of ecotourism.

41
Linking Tourism, the Environment, and Sustainability. Stephen F. McCool and Alan E. Watson, comps. Ogden, Utah: Intermountain Research Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1995. 95 p. INT-GTR-323 NAL Call No.: aSD11A48.

A compilation of 14 essays covering concepts of sustainability, the market for sustainable tourism, and quality of life issues. Each essay is multi-authored and contains extensive references.

42
"Sustainable Community Tourism Development Revisited." Marion Joppe. Tourism Management 17 no.7 (1996): 475-479.

Brief but intriguing argument that community development is often touted as beneficial to the community residents while they actually bare the "costs", but often not the profits. Suggests that community tourism developers emphasize and examine benefits to locals and avoid treating communities as a commodity to be bought and sold.

Parks & Rails to Trails

43
"Economic Impacts of Guided Whitewater Rafting: a Study of Five Rivers." Donald B.K. English and J.M. Bowker. Water Resources Bulletin 32 (December 1996): 1319-1328. NAL Call No.: 292.9 Am34.

This article examines/estimates the statewide economic impact of guided whitewater rafting on five rivers in six different states. The states included are North Carolina, West Virginia, Maine, Idaho, and Georgia along with South Carolina. Can be technical at times, but a thorough analysis of the economic benefits and potential detriments is included.

44
Economic and Social Signifigance of Recreational Access for the Rural Community. Tommy L. Brown and Daniel J. Decker. Morgantown, W.Va.: Extension Service, West Virginia University, 1993. R.D. No. 759. 16 p. NAL Call No.: HN79.W43C67.

This paper focuses attention on the use of renewable natural resources in meeting the growing need for outdoor recreation and tourism in rural communities. Emphasis is on the use of private land and cooperation between local and/or state authorities and land owners.

"Move Over, Casey Jones." Kelly Hill. State Legislatures. 23 (January 1997): 9.

Current one page summary of rails-to trails status. Highlights successes and cites some controversies.

Rails to Trails: An Overview of ICC Rules. Interstate Commerce Commission. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1993. 21 p.

Brief overview of rules pertaining to the organization and reclamation of railways. Concise and illucidating. Appendices include national park service contacts, Rails-to-trails Conservancy offices, and state trail use contacts. Sample condition and trail use requests included.

"Steps to Funding Multi-use Trails." Michael Jones. Parks and Recreation 29 no.3 (1994): 49-53.

Brief guidelines for seeking primarily federal funding for multi-use trails through ISTEA (Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act). Monetary figures presented in article will vary from current funding levels, however, information is useful.

"The Economic Impact of Rail-trails: A Study of the Users and Property Owners from Three Trails." Roger L. Moore, Alan R. Graefe, Richard J. Gitelson, and Elizabeth Porter. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration 12 no. 2 (1994): 63-72.

Article focuses specifically on the economic effects of rail trails in three specific cases. Focus is entirely on economic impact. Method and analysis of study included.

The Impacts of Rail-trails: A Study of the Users and Nearby Property Owners from Three Trails. Roger L. Moore. Washington, D.C.: Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program, National Park Service, 1992. 6 p. NAL Call No.: HD75.6.I46 1992.

This study concentrated on three rail-trails nationwide and sought to reveal the effects, if any, the trails had on local economies, adjacent landowners, and adjacent property values. Detailed comparative charts are included.

Secrets of Successful Rail-trails: An Acquisition and Organizing Manual for Converting Rails into Trails. Karen-Lee Ryan and Julie A. Winterich, eds. Washington, D.C.: Rails to Trails Conservancy, 1993. 178 p. NAL Call No.: GV199.4.S43 1993.

This book is an organizational resource providing techniques and technical information helpful to any community(ies) investigating alternative uses for old or existing railways. Appendices include state conservation corps programs, major railroad companies, and state I.S.T.E.A. contacts.

Heritage/Cultural Tourism

Cultural Tourism in the United States: a Position Paper for the White House Conference on Travel and Tourism. Developed by the National Endowment for the Arts, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Institute of Museum and Library Sciences and The President's Council on the Arts and the Humanities. Washington, DC: 1995. 8p.

A White House position paper on cultural tourism within the United States.

Experiences and Benefits: A Heritage Tourism Development Model. John Sem, Mike Teskey, and Liz Watchorn. Ogden, UT : USDA, Forest Service, 1997. 83p.

Provides in depth information on heritage tourism. From what is heritage tourism to how to develop heritage tourism programs. Definitions, models, and case studies. Also includes a Heritage Tourism Resource List.

"Gambling on the Lure of Historic Preservation: Community Transformation in Rocky Mountain Mining Towns." Katherine Jensen and Audie Blevins. Journal Community Development Society 26 no. 1 (1995): 71-92 NAL Call No.: HN49.C5J5.

This article examines the decision of four seperate towns to engage in legalized gambling, and the resulting effects. Deadwood, South Dakota and three Colorado mining towns are the focus. Economic development, tourism promotion, and historical preservation results are compared. Detrimental effects are also revealed.

Getting Started: How To Succeed In Heritage Tourism. National Trust for Historic Perservation. Washington, DC: National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1993. 46 p. NAL Call No.: G155.U6G48 1993.

This is a guide book that provides case studies from The National Trust's Heritage Tourism Initiative in 1989. There were sixteen pilot areas in four states that participated in a three-year program. This book provides information about those experiences from the pilot areas and describes principles and steps that have been successful in developing Heritage Tourism programs.

Heritage Tourism: Partnerhsip and Possibilities. Joint publication of the American Association for State and Local History and the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Nashville, TN: American Association for State and Local History, 1994. 12p.

This joint publication provides sections on : Tourism: History's Wake Up Call by Cheryl M. Hargrove; Heritage Regions and Local History: Whole Places, New Possibilities by T. Allen Comp; and Standing Out in the Crowd by William T. Alderson.

"Heritage, Tourism and Rural Regeneration: The Heritage Regions Programme in Canada." Vanessa Brown. Journal Of Sustainable Tourism 4 no. 3 (1996): 174-182.

Two case-studies of regional efforts in Canada to utilize the natural, built, and cultural heritage for rural development. Labrador Straits and Manitoulin Island are the focus.

Heritage Tourism Resource Manual. Compiled by the Heritage Tourism Program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Washington, DC: National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1995. 30p.

This is a reference manual which lists national organizations that can provide assistance in heritage tourism. For ordering information contact the National Trust for Historic Presrvation listed under the National Organizations section in this publication.

Inventing New England: Regional Tourism in the Nineteeth Century. Dona Brown. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995. 253 p.

Book of significant historical and cultural perspective on tourism in New England. Conveys the depth to which tourism is embedded in American culture. Many ideas which may still be relevant are included.

"Linking the Past with the Future: Historical Preservation." Kristi Hetland. Rural Development News 17 no. 3 (1993): 1-3. NAL Call No.: HN79.A14R87.

Brief article covering the "why" and "how" of historical preservation and its economic potential. Examples and contacts cited pertain to Minnesota, but history can be found everywhere.

"Literary Tourism and Sustainable Tourism: Promoting "Anne of Green Gables" in Prince Edward Island." Shelagh J. Squire, Journal of Sustainable Tourism 4 no. 3 (1996): 119-134.

Article examines literary tourism as a form of cultural and sustainable tourism. Focus in on use of local or regional literary contributions to promote touurism. Applicable to regions other than PEI and Canada.

"Mines and Quarries: Industrial Heritage Tourism." J. Arwell Edwards and Joan Carles Llures i Coit. Annals of Tourism Research 23 no.2 (1996): 341- 343.

Explores the potential of industrial sites, specifically mining sites, as heritage tourism attractions. Case-studies are of foreign sites, but information is applicable to other industrial sites.

Multi-Cultural Tourism Development Workbook. Denver, CO: Western Entrepreneurial Network, 1995. 4 vols. with with accompanying videos.

This is a series of workbooks specifically aimed at multi-cultural tourism development in communties. Each workbook also has a corresponding case study video available, but is a separate purchase. The workbooks cover specific cultural communities and discuss the challenges to cultural tourism development, the planning process, and describes communities that are actively implementing a cultural tourism proposal. There are four separate workbooks and videos in these areas: African American Mulit-Cultural Tourism Development, Asian American Multi-Cultural Tourism Development, Hispanic, Chicano, and Latin American Multi-Cultural Tourism Development, and Native American Multi-Cultural Tourism Development. Ordering information can be obtained through: the Western Entrepreneurial Network, Colorado Center for Community Development, University of Colorado at Denver, PO BOX 173364, Campus Box 128, Denver, CO 80217-3364.

Partners in Tourism: Culture and Commerce. Ed. by Donald Garfield. Washington, DC: American Association of Museums, 1997. 34p.

This is a collaberative effort at providing information and resources on tourism and cultural tourism issues. The partners in this publication include: American Association for Museums, Americans for the Arts, Federation of State Humanites Councils, National Assembly of State Arts Agencies, National Association for Afrivan-American Heritage Preservation, National Center for Heritage Development, National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers, National Trust for Historic Preservation, National Edowment for the Arts, National Endowment for the Humanities, Institute of Museum and Library Sciences, and the Presidents Council on the Arts and the Humanities.

Profiles of Travelers Who participate in Historic and Cultural Activities: Results from the TravelScope Survey. TIA. Washington, DC: Travel Industry Association of America, 1997. 138p.

This publication is mainly comprised of statistics for historic and cultural tourism industry based on a TravelScope survey.

Touring Historic Places: A Manual for Group Tour Operators and Managers of Historic and Cultural Attractions. Priscilla Baker. Washington, DC: National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1995. 18 p.

This manual was compiled by the Heritage Tourism Program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation to meet the needs of tour operators and managers of historic and cultural attractions. Covers information on the tourist trade, sightseeing businesses, and historic sites.

Views from the Road: a Community Guide for Assessing Rural Historic Landscapes. David H.Copps. Washington D.C.: Island Press, 1995. 174 p. NAL Call No.: E159.C78 1995.

Book that identifies roadways as a tool for discovering, developing, and highlighting the historic and cultural landscape of a region. Case studies of Red Hills and Bluegrass regions of Kentuckey.

Marketing

"Community Culture and Marketing Strategy as Sources of Economic Development Competitive Advantage: A Study among Rural U.S. Communities." Daryl McKee, Milan Wall, and Vicki Luther. Journal of Macromarketing 17 no.1 (1997): 68-87.

Study of 15 communities that experienced successful economic development in "harsh economic environments." Concept of community culture is detailed. Economic development leadership, community spirit, and pursuit of growth industry are identified as powerful predictors of development performance.

"Making History Seem Tempting: Marketing an Historic Site as a Visitor Attraction." Ray Wigle. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 3 no. 2 (1994): 95-101.

Case-specific article that focuses on Old Fort Niagara historic site in New York state. General approaches and techniques for marketing and funding are covered. Old Fort Niagara is 90% 'self-funded'.

Recent Advances in Tourism Marketing Research. Daniel R. Fesenmaier, Joseph T. O'Leary, and Muzaffer Uysal, eds. New York: Hawthorne Press, 1996. 279 p.

A book of global perspective, but valuable to leaders of communities with established tourism structure and those just developing.

"Regional Tourism Marketing: An Analogical Approach to Organizational Framework Development." Peggy O. Shields and Timothy J. Schibik. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 4 no.1 (1995): 105-113.

A practical analogical model for organizing regional tourism planning efforts. Regional networks are compared to shopping centers. Problems faced and a guide to enacting this approach included.

Measuring Impact

"A Bumpy Economic Road for Rural Communities: Portraying the Reactions of Local Leaders to Facility Closures and Economic Development in Six Mid-western States." Tim Knapp, F. Larry Leistritz, and Kenneth Root." Small Town 27 no.2 (September-October 1996): 12-19. NAL Call No.: HT101.S52.

Survey of almost 1,400 non-urban communities used to assemble data on attitudes after facility closures. Valuable info. abouth economic development efforts used by study communities included. Results indicate larger towns are better situated to survive and recover from facility closures.

Community Economic Analysis: A How to Manual. Ronald J.Hustedde, Ron Shaffer, and Glen Pulver. Ames, Iowa: North Central Region Center for Rural Development, 1993. 65 p. NAL Call No.: HN49 C6H87.

Presented in Q & A format, answers are detailed and supported by charts, graphs, formulas, and appendices. A case example is included.

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Local Tourism Development. George Goldman, Anthony Nakazawa, and David Taylor. Corvallis, OR: Western Rural Development Center, Oregon State University, 1994. 9 p. No. 147.

This paper offers a walk through of the steps required to perform a const-benefit study for tourism assessment. Examples are included along with charts to organize the needed information. A list of reasons to conduct such a study are also included.

Estimating Community Visitor Days. George Goldman, Anthony Nakazawa, and David Taylor. Corvallis, OR: Western Rural Development Center, Oregon state University 1994. 9 p. No. 146.

This paper provides a useful framework for estimating the impact that increased tourism may have on a community. A formula for estimating the potential of existing tourist attractions is provided, as is a guide for estimating the potential of new attractions. Attention is also given to assessing existing and additional community support services in anticipation of increased tourist visitation.

Impact of Visitor Expenditures on Local Revenues. George Goldman and Anthony Nakazawa. Corvallis, OR: Western Rural Development Center, Oregon State University, 1994. 9 p. No. 145. Available at URL:

How much of the money spent by tourists actually stays in the community? This guide will help you to determine precisely the impact visitors have on local revenues. Nine steps to creating a custom income multiplier are included, as well as examples to further clarify each step.

The Economic Impact of Visitors to Your Community. George Goldman, Anthony Nakazawa, and David Taylor. Corvallis, OR: Western Rural Development Center, Oregon State University, 1994. 11 p. No. 144.

This paper examines why an economic impact study is important and should be conducted before any community undertakes efforts to promote tourism. The total environment--social, biological, and business--is emphasized. It includes 6 steps to create and tailor a plan to your community.

Federal Funding Sources

Small Business Innovation Research (10.212)
AGENCY: COOPERATIVE STATE RESEARCH, EDUCATION AND EXTENSION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

OBJECTIVES: To stimulate technological innovation in the private sector, strengthen the role of small businesses in meeting Federal research and development needs, increase private sector commercialization of innovations derived from USDA-supported research and development efforts, and foster and encourage participation, by women-owned and socially disadvantaged small business firms in technological innovation.

INFORMATION CONTACTS:
Headquarters Office: SBIR Director, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, Department of Agriculture, Ag Box 2243, 14th and Independence Ave., SW., Washington, DC 20250-2243.Telephone: (202) 401-4002.

Cooperative Extension Service (10.500)
AGENCY: COOPERATIVE STATE RESEARCH, EDUCATION, AND EXTENSION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

OBJECTIVES: To help people improve their lives and communities through an educational process that uses scientific knowledge focused on issues critical to the economic, agricultural, societal, health/safety, and environmental progress of all Americans. Identify and solve their farm, home, and community problems through the practical application of research findings of USDA and the land-grant colleges and Universities. The Cooperative Extension System is a future-oriented, self-renewing, national educational network providing excellence in programs that focus on contemporary issues and needs of people.

INFORMATION CONTACTS: In blue pages of telephone directory: USDA State Rural Development, or Farmers Home contact.

Intermediary Relending Program (10.767)
AGENCY: RURAL BUSINESS- COOPERATIVE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

OBJECTIVES: To finance business facilities and community development.

INFORMATION CONTACTS:
Regional or Local Office: RBS State Office
Headquarters Office: Rural Business-Cooperative Service, Room 6321, South Agriculture Building, Washington, DC 20250-0700. Telephone: (202) 690-4100. FTS is not available.

Rural Development Grants (10.769)

AGENCY: RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

OBJECTIVES: To facilitate the development of small and emerging private business, industry, and related employment for improving the economy in rural communities.

INFORMATION CONTACTS:
Regional or Local Office: Consult your local telephone directory for RD District Office number. If no listing, get in touch with appropriate Rural Development State Office.
Headquarters Office: Director, Specialty Lenders Division, Rural Business- Cooperative Service, Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250-3222. Telephone: (202) 720-1400. Use the same number for FTS.

Rural Cooperative Development Grants (10.771)

AGENCY: RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

OBJECTIVES: To establish and operate centers for rural technology and cooperative development to improve the economic condition in rural areas by promoting the development and commercialization of new services and products that can be produced or provided in rural areas.

INFORMATION CONTACTS:
Regional or Local Office: Contact the appropriate RECD State Office .
Headquarters Office: Director, Specialty Lenders Division, Rural Business-Cooperative Service, Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250. Telephone: (202) 720-1400. Use the same number for FTS.

Empowerment Zones Program (10.772)

AGENCY: OFFICE OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this program is to provide for the establishment of empowerment zones and enterprisecommunities in rural areas to stimulate the creation of new jobs, particularly for the disadvantaged and long-term unemployed, and to promote revitalization of economically distressed areas.

INFORMATION CONTACTS:
Regional or Local Office: All Department of Agriculture, Rural Development, State offices, ATTN: State Director.
Headquarters Office: USDA, Office of Community Development - 300 7th Street SW., Reporters Building, Room 701, Washington, DC, 20024, ATTN: Victor Vasquez, Acting Deputy Administrator. Telephone: (202) 619-7981. Two dedicated EZ/EC Hotline numbers (1-800-645-4712 and 1-800-851-3403) have been established to answer questions and make referrals for information concerning eligibility criteria, the application process, technical assistance and workshops. FTS is not available.

Business and Industrial Loans (10.768)

AGENCY: RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

OBJECTIVES: To assist public, private, or cooperative organizations (profit or nonprofit), Indian tribes or individuals in rural areas to obtain quality loans for the purpose of improving, developing or financing business, industry, and employment and improving the economic and environmental climate in rural communities including pollution abatement and control.

INFORMATION CONTACTS:

Regional or Local Office: Consult your local telephone directory for appropriate RBS State office.

Headquarters Office: Administrator, Rural Business-Cooperative Service, Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250-0700. Telephone: (202) 690-4730. Use the same number for FTS.

Community Facilities Loans (10.766)

AGENCY: RURAL HOUSING SERVICE (RHS), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

OBJECTIVES: To construct, enlarge, extend, or otherwise improve community facilities providing essential services to rural residents.

INFORMATION CONTACTS:
Regional or Local Office: Consult your local telephone directory for Rural Development County or District Office numbers. If no listing, contact the appropriate Rural Development State office.

Headquarters Office: Director, Community Facilities Division, Rural Housing Service, Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250-3222. Telephone: (202) 720-1490. Use the same number for FTS.

Rural Economic Development Loans and Grants (10.854)

AGENCY: RURAL BUSINESS-COOPERATIVE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

OBJECTIVES: To promote rural economic development and job creation projects, including funding for project feasibility studies, start-up costs, incubator projects, and other reasonable expenses for the purpose of fostering rural development.

INFORMATION CONTACTS:

Regional or Local Office: Consult your local telephone directory for RD District Office number. If no listing, contactappropriate Rural Development State Office.

Headquarters Office: Director, Specialty Lenders Division, Rural Business-Cooperative Service, Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250. Telephone: (202) 720-1400. Use the same number for FTS.

Appalachian Regional Development (23.001)

OBJECTIVES: To create opportunities for self-sustaining economic development and an improved quality of life for the people of Appalachia through joint Federal-State-local efforts; to stimulate investments in public services and facilities that will attract private sector investments and result in accelerated social and economic development; to help establish a set of institutions in Appalachia capable of permanently directing the long-term development of the Region; and on a joint Federal-State-local basis, to develop comprehensive plans and programs to help accomplish the overall objectives of Appalachian development.

NFORMATION CONTACTS:

Regional or Local Office: See Appendix IV of the Catalog.

Headquarters Office: Inquiries and proposals for projects should be submitted to the Appalachian State office designated by the Governor.

See address appendix. Address other inquiries to: Executive Director, Appalachian Regional Commission, 1666 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20235. Telephone: (202) 884-7700. Use the same number for FTS.

Appalachian Supplements to Federal Grant-in-Aid (23.002)

AGENCY: APPALACHIAN REGIONAL COMMISSION

OBJECTIVES: To help the regional economy become more competitive by putting in place the building blocks for self-sustaining economic development, while continuing to provide special assistance to the Region's most distressed and underdeveloped counties. This program focuses on activities which support ARC's mission to create opportunities for self-sustaining economic development and improved quality of life for the people of Appalachia. Activities funded must advance ARC's strategic plan. Specific goals for this program are: (1) Appalachian residents will have the skills and knowledge necessary to compete in the world economy in the 21st century; (2) Appalachian communities will have the physical infrastructure necessary for self-sustaining economic development and improved quality of life; (3) The people of Appalachia will have the vision and capacity to mobilize and work together for sustained economic progress and improvement of their communities; (4) Appalachian residents will have access to financial and technical resources to help build dynamic and self-sustaining local economies; and, (5) Appalachian residents will have access to affordable, quality health care. Specific objectives were developed for each goal. Grants may supplement other Federal grants or, when sufficient Federal funds are unavailable funds may be provided entirely by this program.

INFORMATION CONTACTS:

Headquarters Office: Inquiries and proposals for projects should be submitted first to the Appalachian State office designated by the Governor. (See Appendix IV of the Catalog). Other inquiries may be addressed to: Executive Director, Appalachian Regional Commission, 1666 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20235. Telephone: (202) 884-7700. Use the same number for FTS.

Indian Loans-Economic Development(15.124 )

AGENCY: BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

OBJECTIVES: To provide assistance to Federally Recognized Indian Tribal Governments, Native American Organizations, and individual American Indians in obtaining financing from private sources to promote business development initiatives on or near Federally Recognized Indian Reservations.

INFORMATION CONTACTS:

Regional or Local Office: Lendees must submit applications to the local Bureau of Indian Affairs or with the Tribal Government administering the program.

Headquarters Office: Office of Economic Development, Bureau of Indian Affairs, 1849 C Street, NW, MS-2061, Washington, DC 20240. Telephone: (202) 208-5324. Contact: Orville Hood.

Private Funding Sources

Campbell Soup Company Giving Program
Campbell Place, Box 60F
Camden, NJ 08103
(609) 342-4800
Contact: Bertram C. Willic

International Paper Company Foundation
Two Manhattanville Rd.
Purchase, NY 10577
(914) 397-1503
FAX: (914) 397-1505

W.K. Kellog Foundation
One Michigan avenue, East
Battle Creek, MI 49017-4058
(616) 968-1611
FAX: (616) 968-0413
Contact: Nancy A. Sims, Mgr., Grant Proposals

Bert & Mary Meyer Foundation, Inc.
2913 Corrine Drive
Orlando, FL 32803
(407) 645-4226
Contact: Barbara Meyer, Pres.

Charles Stewart Mott Foundation
Office of Proposal Entry
1200 Mott Foundation Building
Flint, MI 48502-1851
(810) 238-5651
(800) 645-1766
FAX: (810) 766-1753
EMAIL: //gopher.MOTT.ORG:7060

James C. Penney Foundation
148 West 24th St., 7th Fl.
New York, NY 10011
Contact: Anne L. Romasco, Managing Dir.

Schering-Plough Foundation, Inc.
One Giralda Farms
P.O. Box 1000
Madison, WI 07940-1000
(201) 822-7412
FAX: (201) 822-7095
Contact: Rita Sacco

Additional Resource Organizations & Agencies

State travel and tourism offices often provide maps, brochures, travel guides, event calendars and other valuable information about attractions. Some states also offer special programs to promote tourism development.

The organizations listed provide a wide variety of information on travel and tourism. Colleges and universities throughout the country also have tourism information. Names, addresses, telephone and FAX numbers were updated shortly before publication, but there may be some changes that have occurred over time. Contact one or more of the tourism offices or organizations near you for further information. A comprehensive State Tourism Office Listing is available from the US Department of Commerce, Tourism Industries office Web site: http://tinet.ita.doc.gov/multi/statetour.html

State Travel and Tourism Offices

�ALABAMA�

Alabama Bureau of Tourism and Travel
401 Adams Ave.
P.O. Box 4309
Montgomery, AL 36105-4309
205-242-4169
FAX: 205-242-4554
1-800-252-2262

�ALASKA�

Alaska Dept. of Commerce & Economic Development
Division of Tourism
PO Box 110801
Juneau, AK 99811-0801
907-465-2012
FAX: 907-465-2287

�ARIZONA�

Arizona Office of Tourism
1100 W. Washington
Phoenix, AZ 85007
602-248-1510
FAX: 602-542-4068

�ARKANSAS�

Arkansas Dept. of Parks and Tourism
Tourism Division
One Capitol Mall
Little Rock, AR 72201
501-682-7777
1-800-828-8974

�CALIFORNIA�

California Office of Tourism
801 K St., Suite 1600
Sacramento, CA 95814-3908
916-322-2881
1-800-862-2543

�COLORADO�

Colorado Department of Local Affairs
Tourism Board
1313 Sherman St., Rm. 518
Denver, CO 80202
303-592-5510
1-800-265-6723

�CONNECTICUT�

Connecticut Department of Economic Development
Office of Tourism
505 Hudson Street
Hartford, CT 06106
860-270-8080
1-800-282-6863

�DELAWARE�

Delaware Development Office
99 Kings Highway
P.O. Box 1401
Dover, DE 19903
302-739-4271
1-800-441-8846

�DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA�

Office of Tourism and Promotions
1212 New York Ave., NW, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20005
Info.: 202-727-4511
202-724-4091
FAX: 202-724-2445

�FLORIDA�

Florida Department of Commerce
Division of Tourism, Rm. 511
107 W. Gaines St.
Tallahassee, FL 32399-2000
904-488-5607

�GEORGIA�

Georgia Department of Industry & Trade & Tourism
P.O. Box 1776
Atlanta, GA 30301
404-656-3553
FAX: 404-656-5689

�HAWAII�

Hawaii Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism
Hawaii Tourism Office
P.O. Box 2359
Honolulu, HI 96804
808-586-2550
FAX: 808-586-2549

�IDAHO�

Idaho Department of Commerce
700 W. State St.
Statehouse Mail
Boise, ID 83720-2700
208-334-2470
800-635-7820

�ILLINOIS�

Illinois Dept. of Commerce & Community Affairs
Bureau of Tourism
100 W. Randolph St., Suite 3-400
Chicago, IL 60601
312-814-4732

Illinois Dept. of Commerce & Community Affairs
Local Tourism Division
620 E. Adams St., 3rd Floor
Springfield, IL 62701
217-785-6334

�INDIANA�

Indiana Dept. of Commerce
Tourism Development Division
One North Capitol Ave., Suite 700
Indianapolis, IN 46204-2288
317-232-8860
317-232-8870
1-800-932-2914 1-800-382-6771

�IOWA�

Iowa Department of Economic Development
Bureau of Tourism
200 E. Grand Ave.
Des Moines, IA 50309
515-242-4710
1-800-345-4692

�KANSAS�

Kansas Department of Commerce
Division of Travel and Tourism
700 Southwest Harrison St., Suite 1300
Topeka, KS 66603-3712
913-296-2009
1-800-252-6727

�KENTUCKY�
Kentucky Department of Travel Development
500 Mero St.
Capital Plaza Tower, Suite 2200
Frankfort, KY 40601-1968
502-564-4270
502-564-4930

�LOUISIANA�
Louisiana Office of Tourism
Culture, Recreation and Tourism Department
P.O. Box 94291
Baton Rouge, LA 70804-9361
504-342-8115
FAX: 504-342-3207
1-800-334-8626

�MAINE�
Maine Department of Economic and Community Development
State House Station #59
Augusta, ME 04333
207-287-2656
1-800-872-3838

�MARYLAND�
Maryland Dept. of Economic & Employment Development
Office of Tourism Development
217 E. Redwood St., 9th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202-3316
410-333-6611
FAX: 410-333-6643

�MASSACHUSETTS�
Massachusetts Office of Travel and Tourism
Division of Tourism
100 Cambridge St., 13th Floor
Boston, MA 02202
617-727-3205
617-727-3201
1-800-227-6277

�MICHIGAN�
Michigan Department of Commerce
Travel Bureau
333 South Capitol Ave., Suite F
P.O. Box 30226
Lansing, MI 48909
517-373-0670
1-800-543-2937

�MINNESOTA�
Minnesota Office of Tourism
500 Metro Square
121 7th Place
East St. Paul, MN 55101-2112
Info.: 612-296-5029
612-296-5029
1-800-657-3700

�MISSISSIPPI�
Mississippi Economic and Community Development
Division of Tourism Development
520 George Street
PO Box 849
Jackson, MS 39205
601-359-3297
FAX: 601-359-5757
1-800-927-6378 http://www.mississippi.org

�MISSOURI�
Missouri Department of Economic Development
Division of Tourism
301 W. High St.
P.O. Box 1055
Jefferson City, MO 65102
314-751-3051
1-800-877-1234
http://www.missouritourism.org

�MONTANA�
Montana Department of Commerce
Promotion Bureau
1424 Ninth Ave.
Helena, MT 59620
406-444-2654
1-800-847-4868

�NEBRASKA�
Nebraska Department of Economic Development
Tourism Office
P.O. Box 94666, Dept. 97INT
Lincoln, NE 68509-4666
402-471-3111
1-800-288-4307 ext. 754
http://www.visitnebraska.org/

�NEVADA�
Nevada Commission on Tourism
Capitol Complex
Carson City, NV 89710
702-687-4322
FAX: 702-687-6779
1-800-638-2328

�NEW HAMPSHIRE�
New Hampshire Office of Travel and Tourism Development
P.O. Box 1856
Concord, NH 03302-1856
603-271-2665

�NEW JERSEY�
New Jersey Dept. of Commerce and Economic Development
Division of Travel and Tourism
PO Box 826
Trenton, NJ 08625-0826
609-633-2623
FAX: 609-633-7418
1-800-537-7397

�NEW MEXICO�
New Mexico Dept. of Economic Development and Tourism
Tourism and Travel Division
P.O. Box 20003
Santa Fe, NM 87503
505-827-7400
1-800-545-2040

�NEW YORK�
New York State Department of Economic Development
Division of Tourism
One Commerce Plaza
Albany, NY 12245
518-474-4116
1-800-225-5697

�NORTH CAROLINA�
North Carolina Department of Commerce
Travel and Tourism Division
301 N. Wilmington Street
Raleigh, NC 27601-2825
919-733-4171
1-800-847-4862

�NORTH DAKOTA�
North Dakota Economic Development & Finance
Department of Tourism
Liberty Memorial Building
640 East Boulevard
Bismarck, ND 58505-0825
701-224-2527
701-224-2525
1-800-435-5663

�OHIO�
Ohio Department of Development
Office of Travel and Tourism
P.O. Box 1001
Columbus, OH 43266-0101
614-466-8844
1-800-848-1300

�OKLAHOMA�
Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department
15 N. Robinson, Ste. 100
Concord Building
Oklahoma City, OK 73102
405-521-2413
FAX: 405-521-3992
1-800-652-6552

�OREGON�
Oregon Department of Economic Development
Tourism Division
775 Summer St., NE
Salem, OR 97310
503-373-1270
1-800-547-7842

�PENNSYLVANIA�
The Center for Rural Pennsylvania
212 Locust St., Suite 604
Harrisburg, PA 17101
717-787-9555

Pennsylvania Department of Commerce
Office of Travel Marketing
Fulfillment House
P.O. Box 61, Dept. R
Warrendale, PA 15068
1-800-847-4872 Ext. 236

�RHODE ISLAND�
Rhode Island Department of Economic Development
Director of Tourism
7 Jackson Walkway
Providence, RI 02903
401-277-2601

�SOUTH CAROLINA�
South Carolina Division of Tourism
Parks, Recreation and Tourism
1205 Pendleton St.
Edgar A. Brown Bld.
Columbia, SC 29201
803-734-0135
803-734-0127

�SOUTH DAKOTA�
South Dakota Department of Tourism and Economic Development
Capitol Lake Plaza
711 E. Wells Avenue
c/o 500 East Capitol Avenue
Pierre, SD 57501-5070
605-773-3301
FAX: 605-773-3256
1-800-732-5682

�TENNESSEE�
Tennessee Department of Tourist Development
320 Sixth Ave., N., Fifth Floor
Rachel Jackson Building
Nashville, TN 37243-0696
615-741-2158
FAX: 615-741-7225
800-491-8366

�TEXAS�
Texas Department of Economic Development
Tourism Division
P.O. Box 12728
Austin, TX 78711
512-462-9191(voice)
512-320-9698(TDD)
512-936-0089(FAX)

�UTAH�
Utah Department of Community and Economic Development
Division of Travel Development
Council Hall and Capitol Hill
Salt Lake City, UT 84114
801-538-1030

�VERMONT�
Vermont Department of Tourism & Marketing
134 State St.
PO Box 1471
Montpelier, VT 05601-1471
802-828-3236
email: tourwebmaster@gate.dca.state.vt.us

�VIRGINIA�
Virginia Economic Development Partnership
901 East Byrd Street, 19th floor
Richmond, VA 23219
804-371-8106
FAX: 804-371-8112
1-800-847-4882
wsterling.vedp@state.va.us

�WASHINGTON�
Washington Trade and Economic Development Department
Tourism Development Division
P.O. Box 42500
Olympia, WA 98504-2500
206-586-2102
206-586-2088

�WEST VIRGINIA�
West Virginia Division of Tourism
2101 Washington St., E.
PO Box 50312
Charleston, WV 25305
304-558-2200
1-800-225-5982
FAX: 304-558-0108

�WISCONSIN�
Wisconsin Department of Tourism
123 West Washington Ave.
P.O. Box 7976
Madison, WI 53707-7976
608-266-2345
FAX: 608-266-3403
1-800-432-8747

�WYOMING�
Wyoming Department of Commerce
Division of Tourism
I-25 at College Dr.
Cheyenne, WY 82002
307-777-7777
FAX: 307-777-6904
1-800-225-5996

State Extension Offices

Each of the United States and the District of Columbia has at least one Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service office. Often each county within a state may have separate offices and Extension Service representatives or agents. These agents are often specialists in a given area, or assigned to certain projects. The list below in composed of main state Extension office addresses. Included is a voice phone number and fax number if available. The named individuals (with phone number) that follow many addresses are agents that deal specifically with tourism, rural development, community development, or economic development of some sort. Where applicable extensive efforts were made to put the user of this resource in contact with helpful, knowledgeable professionals as quickly and easily as possible.

ALABAMA
Cooperative Extension System
Alabama A & M University
PO Box 967
Normal, AL 35762
205-851-5710
Thomas Chesnutt
344-844-3517

ALASKA
Alaska Cooperative Extension
University of Alaska Fairbanks
Fairbanks, AK 99775-6180
907-474-7246
FAX: 907-474-6567
Anthony Nakazawa
907-276-2433
FAX: 907-746-2677
anatn@orion.alaska.edu

ARIZONA
Cooperative Extension
University of Arizona
College of Agriculture
301 Forbes Building
Tucson, AZ 85721
520-621-7205
FAX: 520-621-1314
Julie Leones
520-621-6255

ARKANSAS
Cooperative Extension Service
University of Arkansas
PO Box 391
Little Rock, AR 72203
501-671-2000
FAX: 501-671-2251
Michael A. Hedges
501-671-2156

CALIFORNIA
Cooperative Extension Service
University of California
Kaiser Building
300 Lakeside Drive, 6th floor
Oakland, CA 94612-3560
510-987-0505
Cheryl Dempsey
916-757-8930
cadempsey@ucdavis.edu

COLORADO
Cooperative Extension
1 Administration Building
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, CO 80523-4040
970-491-6281
FAX: 970-491-6208
Allan Dwyer
970-491-6675

CONNECTICUT
Cooperative Extension Service
University of Connecticut
1376 Storrs Road
Storrs, CT 06269
860-486-6271
FAX: 860-486-4128
Norman Bender
860-887-1608

DELAWARE
Cooperative Extension Service
University of Delaware
Townsend Hall
Newark, DE 19717-1303
302-831-2504
FAX: 302-831-3651
Carl Davis
302-831-2506

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
State Office
Cooperative Extension Service
University of D.C.
4250 Connecticut Avenue, NW
Washington, D.C. 20008
202-274-6495
202-274-6449

FLORIDA
Cooperative Extension Service
University of Florida
Institute of Food and Agricultural Science
1038 McCarty Hall
Gainsville, FL 32611-0210
904-392-1761
904-392-3583

GEORGIA
Cooperative Extension Service
University of Georgia
College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences
Athens, GA 30602
706-542
FAX: 706-542-0803
John Stephens
912-681-0180

HAWAII
Cooperative Extension Service
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Honolulu, HI 96822
808-956-8397
FAX: 808-956-9105
ta_dean!@avax.ctahr.hawaii.edu

IDAHO
Cooperative Extension Service
University of Idaho
Agricultural Science Building
Moscow, ID 83844-2338
208-885-6639
FAX: 208-885-6654
Neal Meyer
208-885-6335

ILLINOIS
Cooperative Extension Service
University of Illinois
1301 W. Gregory Drive
Mumford Hall
Urbana, IL 61801
217-333-2660
D.R. Fesenmaier
217-333-4410

INDIANA
Purdue University
Cooperative Extension Service
1140 Agricultural Administration Building
W. Lafayette, IN 47907-1140
765-494-8489
FAX: 765-494-5876

IOWA
Cooperative Extension Service
Iowa State University
110 Curtiss
Ames, Iowa 50011
515-294-4576
FAX: 515-294-4715
Tim Borich
515-294-0220

KANSAS
Cooperative Extension Service
Kansas State University
Umberger Hall
Manhattan, KS 66506
913-532-5820

KENTUCKY
Cooperative Extension Service
University of Kentucky
College of Agriculture
Lexington, KY 40546
606-257-9000
Richard Maurer
606-257-7582

LOUISIANA
Cooperative Extension Service
Louisiana State University
PO Box 25100
Baton Rouge, LA 70894-5100
504-388-6083
FAX: 504-388-4225
Margaret Moore
504-388-2145

MAINE
Cooperative Extension Service
University of Maine
5741 Libby Hall
Orono, ME 04469-5741
207-581-3188
Robert Ho
207-581-3192

MARYLAND
Cooperative Extension Service
University of Maryland
College Park, MD 20742
301-405-2906

MASSACHUSETTS
University of Massachusetts
Cooperative Extension Service
Amherst, MA 01003-0099
413-545-4800
FAX: 413-545-6555
Cathy Roth
FAX: 413-442-0304
croth@umext.umass.edu

MICHIGAN
Michigan State University Extension
Agriculture Hall
E. Lansing, MI 48824
517-355-2308
FAX: 517-355-6473
Donald Holecek
517-353-0793

MINNESOTA
Cooperative Extension Service
University of Minnesota
Coffey Hall
St.Paul, MN 55108
612-624-1222
FAX: 612-625-6227
William Gartner
612-624-4947

MISSISSIPPI
Cooperative Extension Service
Mississippi State University
Mississippi State, MS 39762
601-325-3036
FAX: 601-325-8407
Ronald Walker
601-325-3141

MISSOURI
Cooperative Extension Service
University Hall
Columbia, MO 65211
573-882-7754
Glen Weaver
573-882-9511

MONTANA
Extension Service
Montana State University
Montana Hall
Bozeman, MT 59717
406-994-6647
FAX: 406-994-1756
David Sharpe
406-994-2962

NEBRASKA
Cooperative Extension Division
University of Nebraska
211 Agriculture Hall
Lincoln, NE 6852-0703
402-472-2966
FAX: 402-472-5557
Brian Hill
308-865-8727

NEVADA
Cooperative Extension
University of Nevada at Reno
Reno, NV 89557-0106
702-784-4848
Tom Harris
702-784-6499

NEW HAMPSHIRE
University of New Hampshire
Cooperative Extension
59 College Road, Taylor Hall
Durham, NH 03824-3587
603-862-1520
FAX: 603-862-1585
Bruce Marriot
603-862-2033

NEW JERSEY
Rutgers Cooperative Extension
Cook College
PO Box 231
New Brunswick, NJ 08903
908-932-9306

NEW MEXICO
Cooperative Extension Service
New Mexico State University
Box 3AE
Las Cruces, NM 88003
505-646-3015
Karen Watson
505-646-3742

NEW YORK
Cornell Cooperative Extension
Roberts Hall
Ithaca, NY 14853-4203
607-255-2237
Tommy Brown
607-255-7695

NORTH CAROLINA
Extension Service
North Carolina State University
Box 7602, Ricks Hall
Raleigh, NC 27695
919-515-2811
Ed Jones
919-515-3252

NORTH DAKOTA
North Dakota State University Extension Service
NDSU
Morrill Hall, Box 5437
Fargo, ND 58105-5437
701-231-8944
FAX: 701-231-8520
Kathy Tweeten
701-221-6865

OHIO
Ohio State University Extension
OSU
2120 Fyffe Road
Columbus, OH 43210-1084
614-292-4067
John Rohrer
614-292-8436

OKLAHOMA
Cooperative Extension Service
Oklahoma State University
Agriculture Hall
Stillwater, OK 74078
405-744-5398
Gerald Doeksen
405-744-9823

OREGON
Oregon State University
Extension Service
Ballard Extension Hall
Corvallis, OR 97331-3606
541-737-2713
FAX: 541-737-4423
Bruce Weber
541-737-1423

PENNSYLVANIA
Cooperative Extension Service
Pennsylvania State University
217 Agriculture Administration Building
University Park, PA 16802
814-863-3438
Stephen Smith
814-863-8245

RHODE ISLAND
Cooperative Extension Service
University of Rhode Island
Woodward Hall
Kingston, RI 02881
401-874-2957
Timothy Tyrell
401-874-4580

SOUTH CAROLINA
Cooperative Extension Service
Clemson University & South Carolina State College
Barre Hall
Clemson, SC 29634
864-656-1694
FAX: 864-656-0765

SOUTH DAKOTA
Cooperative Extension Service
Box 2207d
Brookings, SD 57007
605-688-4792

TENNESSEE
Agriculture Extension Service
University of Tennessee
PO Box 1071
Knoxville, TN 37901-1071
423-974-7114
FAX: 423-974-1068
George Smith
423-974-7306

TEXAS
Cooperative Extension Service
Texas A&M University
College Station, TX 77843
409-845-7808
FAX: 409-845-9542
Carson Watt
409-845-5419

UTAH
Cooperative Extension Service
Utah State University
Logan, UT 84322-4900
801-750-2200
Marion T. Bentley
801-797-2284

VERMONT
Extension Service
University of Vermont
College of Agriculture
601 Main Street
Burlington, VT 05401-3439
802-656-2990
FAX: 802-656-8642
Bob Townsend
802-257-7967

VIRGINIA
Cooperative Extension Service
Virginia Tech
Hutcheson Hall
Blacksburg, VA 24061
540-231-5299
George McDowell
540-231-6848

WASHINGTON
Washington State University Extension Service
College of Agriculture and Home Economics
WSU
Pullman, WA 99164-6230
509-335-2811
FAX: 509-335-2926

WEST VIRGINIA
Extension Service
West Virginia University
PO Box 6031
Morgantown, WV 26506
304-293-5691
Mike Dougherty
304-293-6967 x3344

WISCONSIN
Cooperative Extension
University of Wisconsin
432 N. Lake Street
Madison, WI 53706-1498
608-263-2275
Larry Swain
715-425-3083

WYOMING
Cooperative Extension Service
University of Wyoming
PO Box 3354
Laramie, WY 82071-3354
307-766-5124
FAX: 307-766-3998
David "Tex" Taylor
307-766-5682

National Rural Development Partnership &

State Rural Development Councils

http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/nrdp/

NRDP is a Federal initiative to encourage collaborative relationships among federal, state, local, and tribal governments, private and nonprofit organizations, and community-based organizations within each state and some territorial areas, to foster and facilitate cooperation and to undertake a comprehensive strategic approach to rural development efforts within each state.

The focus of this network is in the state branches of the Partnership.

State Rural Development Councils (SRDCs)

http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/nrdp/nrdpsrdc.html

A State Rural Development Council defines its own mission, structure, operating guidelines, and action plan. Headed by a full-time executive director, the SRDC relies upon time and resources volunteered by its partner members.

Currently, 37 states (listed below) have active SRDCs. SRDCs are formed after the signing of a memorandum of understanding by the federal government and a state's governor.

* denotes a SRDC with an Internet site.

Alaska
Colorado*
Connecticut
Florida *
Idaho*
Illinois *
Indiana*
Iowa*
Kansas*
Maine*
Maryland*
Massachusetts *
Michigan
Minnesota *
Mississippi
Missouri*
Montana
Nebraska *
New Hampshire
New Mexico
New York*
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio *
Oklahoma*
Oregon *
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
South Dakota
Texas *
Utah *
Vermont*
Washington
West Virginia *
Wisconsin*
Wyoming

Regional Rural Development Centers

North Central Regional Center for Rural Development
Iowa State University
317D East Hall
Ames, IA 50011-1070
(515) 294-8321
(515) 294-2303 fax
jstewart@iastate.edu

Western Rural Development Center
Russ Youmans, Director
307 Ballard Extension Hall
Oregon State University
Corvallis, OR 97330-3607
541-737-1579
FAX 541-737-1579

The Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development
The Pennsylvania State University
7 Armsby Building
University Park, PA 16802-5602
814-863-4656
FAX: 814-863-0586

Southern Rural Development Center
Box 9656
Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762
601-325-3207
Fax: 601-325-8915
e-mail bonniet@mces.msstate.edu
http://www.ces.msstate.edu/~srdc

Annals of Tourism Research
Elsevire Science, Ltd.
660 White Plains Rd.
Tarrytown, NY 10591-5153
914-524-9200

Appalachia
U.S. Appalachian Regional Commission
1666 Connecticut Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20235
202-884-7770
FAX: 202-884-7682

Available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents.

B&B; Shoptalk (Bed & Breakfast)
American Bed and Breakfast Association
Box 1387
Midlothian, VA 23113-8387
804-379-2222

Business America
U.S. Department of Commerce
14th St. and Constitution Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20230
NAL Call No.: HF105.C62

Community Development Digest
Community Development Services, Inc.
C D Publications
8204 Fenton St.
Silver Spring, MD 20910
301-588-6380
FAX: 301-588-6385

Economic Review of Travel in America
U.S. Travel Data Center
100 New York Ave., Ste 450
Washington, DC 20005-3934
202-408-8422
FAX: 202-785-2511

Hospitality & Tourism Educator
Council on Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional Education
1200 17th St.
Washington, D.C. 20036-3047
202-331-5990

Hospitality Training Report: The Worldwide Industry Publication on Human Resources Training and Development
Hospitality Learning Systems
262 Lyons Plains Rd.
Weston, CT 06883
NAL Call No.: TX901.H67

Hospitality Research Journal
Council on Hotel, Restaurant and
Institutional Education
1200 17th St.
Washington, D.C. 20036-3047
202-331-5990

Impact of Travel on State Economies
U.S. Travel Data Center
Two Lafayette Center
1133 21st St., NW
Washington, DC 20036
202-293-1040

Inn Marketing Newsletter
Norman/ Strasma, Publishers
105 E. Court St.
Box 1789
Kankakee, IL 60901
815-939-3509
FAX: 815-939-8320
email: innmarket@aol.com

International Hospitality and Tourism Datatbase CD-ROM
The guide to industry and academic resources.
Consortium of Hospitality Research Information Services
John/Wiley & Sons
Karen Bobbett, Sha Library
Statler Hall
Ithaca, NY 14853-6902
607-254-4656
FAX: 607-255-0021

International Academy for the Study of Tourism. Newsletter
Tourism Center
116 Classroom Office Building
University of Minnesota
St.Paul, MN 55108
612-624-4947
FAX: 612-624-4264
email: wgartner@mes.umn.edu

Journal of Travel Research
University of Colorado
Business Research Division
Campus Box 420
Boulder, CO 80309-0420
303-492-8227
FAX: 303-492-3620

Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing
Haworth Press
10 Alice Street
Binghamton, NY 13904-1580
607-722-5857
FAX: 607-722-1424

Journal of Planning Literature
Ohio State University, Department of city and Regional Planning
Sage Publications, Inc.
2455 Teller Rd.
Thousand Oaks, CA 91320
805-499-0721
FAX: 805-499-0871
URL: http://www.sagepub.com

Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing
University of Nevada - Las Vegas
College of Hotel Administration
Las Vegas, NV 89154-6023

National Parks
National Parks and Conservation Association
1776 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20036
202-223-6722
FAX: 202-659-0650
NAL Call No.: 98.69 N21

Outlook for Travel and Tourism
Travel Industry Association of America
1100 New York Ave., NW, Ste 450
Washington, D.C. 20005-3934
202-408-5422

Parks and Recreation Magazine
National Recreation and Park Association
2775 South Quincy St., Suite 300
Arlington, VA 22206
703-820-4940
FAX: 703-671-6772

Parks and Recreation Canada
Canadian Parks-Recreation Association
1600 James Naismith Dr.
Gloucester, ON K1B 5N4, Canada
613-748-5651
FAX: 613-748-5854

Recreation and Parks Law Reporter
National Recreation and Park Association
2775 South Quincy St., Suite 300
Arlington, VA 22206
703-820-4940
FAX: 703-671-6772

Rural Development Perspectives
U.S. Economic Research Service
1303 New York Ave., NW
Washington, D.C. 20005-47888
202-219-4060

Rural Development News
North Central Regional Center for Rural Development
216 East Hall,
Iowa StateUniversity
Ames, IA 50011
515-294-8321
FAX: 515-294-2303

The Historic Traveler
The Historic Traveler
17112 Flank Drive
Box 8200
Harrisburg, PA 17105-8200
717-657-9555
FAX: 717-657-9256
800-435-9610

Tourism Recreation Research
Center for Tourism Research and Development
A 965-6 Indira Nagar
Lucknow 226016, India
Tel. 0522-381586
FAX: 09100522-234023

Tourism Management
Elsevier Science
660 White Plains Road
Tarrytpwn, NY 10591-5153
914-524-9200
FAX: 914-333-2444

Travel Printout
Travel Industry Association of America
1100 New York Ave., NW, Ste 450
Washington, D.C. 2005-3934
202-408-5422

Travel Industry World Yearbook
Child and Waters, Inc.
P.O. Box 610
Rye, NY 10580-0811
914-921-0988

Travel Market Report
Travel Industry Association of America
1100 New York Ave., NW, Ste 450
Washington, D.C. 2005-3934
202-408-5422

Organizations

African-American Travel and Tourism Association
P.O. Box 870712
New Orleans, LA 70187-0712
504-241-8464

American Association for Leisure and Recreation
1900 Association Dr.
Reston, VA 22091
703-476-3472

American Association of Museums
1575 Eye Street, NW, Suite 400
Washington, DC 20005
202-218-7700
http://www.aam-us.org

American Bed and Breakfast Association
PO Box 1387
Midlothian, VA 23113-8387
804-379-2222
FAX: 804-379-1469
800-379-1469

American Hotel and Motel Association
1201 New York Ave., NW, Suite 600
Washington, DC 20005-3931
202-289-3100
FAX: 202-289-3199

American Park and Recreation Society
2775 S. Quincy St., Ste. 300
Arlington, VA 22206
703-578-5558
FAX: 703-820-2617

American Recreation Coalition
1331 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Suite 726
Washington, DC 20004
202-662-7420
FAX: 202-662-7424

American Society of Travel Agents
1101 King St.
Alexandria, VA 22314
703-739-2782
FAX: 703-684-8319

Appalachian Regional Commission
1666 Connecticut Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20235
202-673-7869

Council of State Chambers of Commerce
122 C St., NW, Suite 330
Washington, DC 20001
202-484-8103
FAX: 202-737-4806

International Association of Tour Managers: North American Region
65 Charnes Dr.
East Haven, CT 06513-1225
203-466-0425
FAX: 203-787-6384

Ecotourism Society
PO Box 755
North Bennington, VT 05257
802-447-2121
FAX: 802-447-2122
email: ecomail@ecotourism.org

Ecotrust
1200 NW Naito Parkway
Suite 470
Portland, OR 97209
http://www.ecotrust.org

Florida Ecotourism Association
PO Box 10752
Tallahassee, FL 32302
904-942-7666
email: flecotour@www.flecotour.org

National Association of State Recreation Planners
c/o Maine Bureau of Parks and Recreation
Planning and Research Division
State House Station 22
Augusta, ME 04333
207-287-4962

National Center for Heritage Development
5520 Connecticut Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20015
202-885-8910
nchd@al.net

National Council for International Visitors
1420 K St., NW, Suite 800
Washington, DC 20005-2401
202-842-1414
800-523-8101

National Forest Recreation Association
P.O. Box 409
Mammoth Lake, CA 93546
619-934-2887

National Parks and Conservation Association
1716 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20036
202-223-6722

National Rural Tourism Foundation
Campus Box 420
University of Colorado
Boulder, CO 80309
303-492-6802
FAX: 303-492-3620

National Scenic Byways Clearinghouse
c/o American Automobile Association
1440 New York Ave, NW
Washington, DC 20005
National Scenic Byways Online

National Tour Association
546 E. Main St.
PO Box 3071
Lexington, KY 40596-3071
606-226-4444
FAX: 606-226-4404
1-800-682-8886

National Trust for Historic Preservation
1785 Massachusetts ave., NW
Washington, D.C. 20006
202-673-4000
800-994-6847

Rails to Trails Conservancy
1400 16th St., NW, Suite 300
Washington, DC 20036-2226
202-797-5400
FAX: 202-797-5411

Southeast Tourism Society
P.O. Box 420308
Atlanta, GA 30342
404-255-9472
FAX: 847-9518

Tourism Works for America Council
1100 New York Ave, NW, Suite 450
Washington, DC 20005-3934
202-408-8422

Travel and Tourism Government Affairs Council
1100 New York Ave.
Washington, D.C. 20005-3934
202-408-9600
FAX: 202-408-1255

Travel and Tourism Research Association
10200 W. 44th Ave., Suite 304
Wheat Ridge, CO 80033
303-940-6557
FAX: 422-8894
email: ttra@resourcenter.com

Travel for Tomorrow Council
P.O. Box 3071
546 Maine St.
Lexington, KY 40508
606-226-4251
FAX: 606-226-4414
800-682-8886

Travel Industry and Disabled Exchange
507-SE 33rd Ter.
Cape Coral, FL 33904-4919
941-945-0414

Travel Industry Association of America
1100 New York Ave., NW
Ste. 450
Washington, D.C. 20005
202-408-8422
FAX: 202-408-1255

Travel Professionals Association
216 S. Bungalow Park Ave.
Tampa, FL 33609
813-876-0286

U.S. Department of Agriculture
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service
Natural Resources and Rural Development
Rm. 3871 S. Agricultural Bldg.
Washington, DC 20250-0900
202-720-2602
FAX: 202-690-4869

US Department of Commerce
Internation Trade Administration
Tourism Industries Office
1401 Constitution, NW
Room: 1860
Washington, DC 20230
202-482-4020
URL: http://tinet.ita.doc.gov/office.htm

United States Tour Operators Association
340 Madison Ave.1522
New York, NY 10173
212-599-6599/212-599-6744
FAX: 212-421-1285
email: ustoa@aol.com

U. S. Travel Data Center
Two Lafayette Center
1100 New York Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20005
202-408-1832
FAX: 202-408-1255