Resource Description Formats

• MARC 21 formats - Representation and communication of descriptive metadata about information items
• MARCXML - MARC 21 data in an XML structure
• MODS (Metadata Object Description Standard) - XML markup for selected metadata from existing MARC 21 records as well as original resource description
• EAD - XML markup designed for encoding finding aids

Digital Library Standards

• METS (Metadata Encoding & Transmission Standard) - Structure for encoding descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata (www.loc.gov/mets)
• Core Element Sets - Basic metadata elements for digital objects
• MIX (NISO Metadata for Images in XML) - XML schema for encoding technical data elements required to manage digital image collections

Information Resource Retrieval Protocols

• Z39.50 - Supports information retrieval among different information systems
• SRU/SRW (Search and Retrieve URL/Web Service) - Web services for search and retrieval based on Z39.50 semantics
• Networked Reference (Question/Answer Transaction Protocol (QATP)) - Supports exchange between digital reference systems collaborating in the processing of a question

ISO Language Codes

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

Standards in the Library of Congress Collections

Related National and International Standards Organizations

National Information Standards Organization (NISO)

NISO is an ANSI-accredited organization that develops standards specifically for the library, information services, and publishing sectors.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

ANSI is the organization that facilitates development of American National Standards (ANSs) by establishing consensus among qualified groups.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

ISO is the standards body that establishes standards for the international exchange of goods and services.

ISO/TC46/SC4

Subcommittee 4 develops standards for computer applications in ISO Technical Committee 46, Information and Documentation.

ISO/TC46/SC9

Subcommittee 9 develops standards for presentation, identification, and description of documents in ISO Technical Committee 46, Information and Documentation.