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Title: Influence of Live Weight Gain During the Winter Period on Subsequent Grazing and Feedlot Performance

Authors
item Phillips, William - bill
item Brown, Michael
item Holloway, J - TEXAS A&M; EXT&RES; CTR
item Warrington, B - TEXAS A&M; EXT&RES; CTR

Submitted to: Professional Animal Scientist
Publication Acceptance Date: July 22, 2004
Publication Date: October 4, 2004
Citation: Phillips, W.A., Brown, M.A., Holloway, J.W., Warrington, B. 2004. Influence Of Live Weight Gain During The Winter Period On Subsequent Grazing And Feedlot Performance. Professional Animal Scientist. 20:401-412.

Interpretive Summary: Following a period of restricted growth, beef calves can exhibit a very rapid and efficient rate of growth. Calves purchased in the fall to graze winter wheat pastures may experience a period of limited growth, but it is not known if or when they will exhibit any compensatory growth. To measure compensatory growth, we observed the growth pattern of 422 stocker calves over three grazing seasons. Calves that experienced a restriction in their growth rate during the winter grazing period did not exhibit any compensatory gain until they reached the feedlot in the summer. Stocker producers must retain ownership of calves through the finishing phase to capture any advantages in efficiency due to compensatory gain.

Technical Abstract: Crossbred steer (n=297) and heifer (n=125) calves were used in three experiments to determine the impact of restrictive ADG during the winter grazing period on subsequent BW gains. Calves were born in the spring, weaned in the fall and transported from Northwest Arkansas (Exp. 1 and 2) or Southwest Texas (Exp. 3) to Central Oklahoma for grazing and finishing. Upon arrival calves were assigned to one of the following treatments; 1) grazing winter wheat pasture, 2) grazing dormant tallgrass native prairie plus supplemental CP, or 3) limit fed a high energy diet. In March, winter stocker treatments (121 d) were ended and calves grazed cool season grasses (76 d) until June when the feedlot phase began. In the feedlot phase, calves were either assigned to conventional total confinement finishing system or to a warm season grass pasture managed under intensive early stocking (9.9 calves/ha) followed by ad libitum access to a high-energy diet. Caves on dormant native pasture gained less weight during the winter than calves on wheat pasture. Restricting winter ADG did not affect weigh gains during the spring grazing period, but did increase feedlot ADG by 23.5%. Calves finished on pasture with ad libitum access to a high energy diet had greater net returns than calves finished in confinement. Producers must retain ownership of calves through the feedlot phase to take advantage of any compensatory gain built into stocker during the winter. A production system that includes intensive early stocking of warm season grass pastures followed by ad libitum access to a high energy diet can be used to produce finished beef carcasses more economically than under total confinement.

   
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