From the House Documents Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov] 104th Congress, 2nd Session / House Document 104-177 National Debate Topic for Colleges, 1995-1996 RESOLVED: That the United States government should substantially increase its security assistance to one or more of the following: ====================================================================== ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Palestinian National Authority, Syria. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ====================================================================== Pursuant to 44 U.S. Code, section 1333 Compiled by the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 1996 Printed on recycled paper 44 U.S. CODE SECTION 1333 (a) The Librarian of Congress shall prepare compilations of pertinent excerpts, bibliographical references, and other appropriate materials relating to: (1) the subject selected annually by the National University Extension Association as the national high school debate topics and (2) the subject selected annually by the American Speech Association as the national college debate topic. In preparing the compilations the Librarian shall include materials which in his judgment are representative of, and give equal emphasis to, the opposing points of view on the respective topics. (b) The compilations on the high school debate topics shall be printed as Senate documents and the compilations on the college debate topics shall be printed as House of Representative documents, the cost of which shall be charged to the congressional allotment for printing and binding. Additional copies of such documents may be printed in the quantities and distributed in the manner as the Joint Committee on Printing directs. (Pub. L. 90-620, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1270.) CONTENTS FOREWORD.......................................................... v INTRODUCTION...................................................... vii RESOLVED: That the United States government should substantially increase its security assistance to one or more of the following: Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Palestinian National Authority, Syria............................................... 1 A Guide to Information Sources on the 1995-1996 Intercollegiate Debate Topic................................................... 35 AVAILABLE GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS ON THE 1995-1996 INTERCOLLEGIATE DEBATE TOPIC................................................... 47 FOREWORD The 1995-1996 intercollegiate debate topic is ``Resolved: That the United States government should substantially increase its security assistance to one or more of the following: Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Palestinian National Authority, Syria.'' In compliance with 44 U.S. Code 1333, the Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress prepared this compilation of bibliographic references to assist college debaters in researching the topic. In selecting items for this manual, the Congressional Research Service (CRS) has sampled the wide spectrum of opinions reflected in current literature on these questions. No preference for any policy is indicated by the selection or positioning of articles cited, nor is CRS disapproval of any policy or article to be inferred from its omission. The annotated bibliography covers such topics as the peace process, the role of the U.S. in the region, and relations among the nations in the region. A research guide is included at the end of this volume; it is intended to help debaters identify further references and organizational resources on their own. Also included is a list of relevant publications that are available for purchase from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office. Some of the U.S. Government documents listed in the manual may be found in U.S. Government depository libraries, which can be identified by local public libraries. The Library of Congress cannot distribute copies of these or other materials to debaters. The bibliography and research guide were prepared by Sherry B. Shapiro, Bibliographic Specialist in the Library Services Division. Lee Burwasser produced the bibliography and the research guide. Thanks are extended to Kristin M. Vajs, Head, Subject Specialization Section; William G. Kaye of the CRS Review Office; and Alfred B Prados, Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division for their review of this product. Good luck to each debater in researching, preparing, and presenting arguments on this year's topic. Daniel P. Mulhollan, Director Congressional Research Service INTRODUCTION This bibliography provides citations to assist college debaters with research on the 1995-96 intercollegiate debate topic concerning U.S. security assistance in the MIddle East. The bibliography includes such topics as the peace process relations among nations in the region and the role of the U.S. Monographs, journal and magazine articles, congressional publications, and conference reports are included. The majority of the citations in this annotated bibliography were obtained from the computerized bibliogreaphic database created and maintained by the Congressional Research Service's Library Services Division. Other materials were selected from the collections of the Library of Congress and the Congressional Research Service. This bibliography is not intended to serve as a comprehensive list of all resources in the field of U.S. security assistance in the Middle East. It is merely an introductory guide to materials available on the debate topic. Many of the items included in this bibliography contain footnotes or their own bibliographies; these can be effective tools for finding supplementary material. More information on all of these subjects can be obtained trhough library research: a CRS prepared research guide follows the bibliography, with basic information for finding additional material. The World Wide Web (WWW) is also an excellent source for additional searching. Search terms and strategies for research are provided in that guide, as are descriptions of basic resources for information retrieval. In addition, the research guide includes citation to reference sources for information retrieval. In addition, the research guide includes citations to reference sources in the area of U.S. foreign policy and U.S. policy toward the Middle East. RESOLVED: That the United States government should substantially increase its security assistance to one or more of the following: Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Palstinian National Authority, Syria. An Annotated Bibliography on the 1995-1996 Intercollegiate Debate Topic Sherry B. Shapiro Senior Bibliographer Library Services Division with the assistance of Lee Burwasser, Bibliographic Assistant October 1995 Abed, George T. The Palestinians in the peace process: the risks and the opportunities. Journal of Palestine studies, v. 33, autumn 1992: 5-17. Abou-Zaki, Raouf. For fewer bricks in the wall. Military technology, v. 17, Nov. 1993: 7. ``The signature of the Gaza-Jericho agreement between the Palestinians and the Israelis on 13 September established the cornerstone for peace, and can certainly be described as a historic and vital event to sustain the momentum towards full settlement in the Middle East. However, despite the political importance of any conceivable Palestinian-Israeli Peace Treaty, bringing the two major conflicting parties together, by no means is it possible to believe that the Arab-Israeli conflict is over.'' Abu-Amr, Ziad. Hamas: a historical and political background. Journal of Palestine studies, v. 22, summer 1993: 5-19. Discusses Hamas, its origins and relationship to the PLO. Aftandilian, Gregory L. Egypt's bid for Arab leadership: implications for U.S. policy. New York, Council on Foreign Relations Press, c1993. 106p. DS63.2.E3A35 1993 After the Gulf War. International journal, v. 49, spring 1994: whole issue (183-407 p.) Partial contents.--The prospects of Islamic fundamentalism in the post-Gulf War period, by Mahmud A. Faksh.--Security in the Persian Gulf after Desert Storm, by Anwar-ul-Haq Ahady.--The impact of the Gulf crisis on world oil and OPEC, by Robert Mabro.--Pax Americana in the Gulf: decisions and consequences, by Alvin Z. Rubinstein.--Postwar demands for political participation in the Arab Gulf states, by Fred H. Lawson. An Age-old dispute. Middle East, no. 235, June 1994: 13. Examines roots of the tensions between Jews and Muslims in the city of Hebron. An Agenda for Palestine. Middle East-economic digest, v. 37, Sept. 24, 1993: 26-27. ``The declaration of principles signed by Israel and the PLO on 13 September has 17 articles and four annexes that call for a wide range of measures, including elections by the summer of 1993, the formation of a Palestinian police force and new institutions to promote local and regional economic development.'' Agha, Husayn. Khalidi, Ahmad Samih. Syria and Iran: rivalry and cooperation. New York, Published in North America by the Council on Foreign Relations Press for the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1995. p. DS95.6.I7A44 1995 This work will be available later this year. Originally published: London, Pinter Publishers, 1995. Agid, Hemda Yehuda. Auerbach, Yehudit. Attitudes to an existence conflict: Allon and Peres on the Palestinian issue, 1967-1987. Journal of conflict resolution, v. 35, Sept. 1991: 519-546. Examines the attitudes of Allon and Peres on the Palestinian issue. Finds that although differences did exist, ``Allon and Peres maintained common views regarding core issues in the conflict such as the rejection of the PLO and its demand for a Palestinian state, the preservation of the Jewish character of Israel, and support for a territorial compromise based on defensible borders.'' Ahady, Anwar-Ul-Haq. Security in the Persian Gulf after Desert Storm. International journal, v. 49, spring 1994: 219-240. ``During the Gulf crisis and immediately after the defeat of Iraq, four different security systems for the Persian Gulf region were proposed: an Arab system based on co-operation between Egypt, Syria, and members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Oman); a system based on the Gulf littoral states and led by Iran; a GCC-based system; and a system dominated by the United States . . . . This paper examines these four potential systems.'' Ajami, Fouad. The sorrows of Egypt. Foreign affairs, v. 74, Sept.-Oct. 1995: 72-88. ``Egyptians are nostalgic for their bourgeois past, still wanting to believe that their country is not just a state but an idea and a historical movement. But in their odyssey through liberalism, pan-Arabism, nationalism, and Islamicism, their dreams of greatness have been continually disappointed. Today President Mubarak leads a country with an exploding population, a fraying infrastructure, and a violent fundamentalist fringe. The sorrows of Egypt lie not in any one adversity but in the decline under the military regime of a once vibrant civic life. The state is all that remains.'' Al Madfai, Madiha Rashid. Jordan, the United States, and the Middle East peace process, 1974-1991. Cambridge [England]; New York, Cambridge University Press, 1993. 279 p. (Cambridge Middle East library; 28) E183.8.J6A4 1993 Alpher, Joseph. Israel's security concerns in the peace process. International affairs, v. 70, Apr. 1994: 229-241. Illustrates ``why, for Israel and for Israel alone, security considerations are paramount in its consideration and conduct of relations both with other states and with the currently stateless in the region, and discusses in detail the security aspects of existing and potential arrangements between the State of Israel and its neighbours.'' Amirav, Moshe. Siniora, Hanna. Jerusalem: resolving the unresolvable. International spectator, v. 27, July-Sept. 1992: 3-23. The article ``dares suggest a solution for one of the most sensitive issues in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict--the status of Jerusalem.'' Anderson, Lisa. Remaking the Middle East: the prospects for democracy and stability. Ethics & international affairs, v. 6, 1992: 163-178. ``This essay is an exploration of the ramifications for the Middle East of the profound transformations in global politics implied in the end of the Cold War and the birth of a new, American-dominated world order.'' Approaching peace: American interests in Israeli-Palestinian final status talks. Edited by Robert Satloff. Washington, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, c1994. 72 p. DS119.7.A6685 1994 ``Recommendations and ideas from U.S. experts.'' Arab-Israeli relations in world politics. Edited by Ian S. Lustick. New York, Garland Pub., 1994. 345 p. (Arab-Israeli relations; v. 10) DS119.7.A67266 1994 Arad, Sharon. Carnevale, Peter J. Partisanship effects in judgments of fairness and trust in third parties in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. Journal of conflict resolution, v. 38, Sept. 1994: 423-451. ``The present study examined judgments of fairness of the mediator's proposals and the mediator's trustworthiness in a currently active, visible, and intense conflict: the Israeli- Palestinian conflict in Jerusalem.'' Arens, Moshe. Broken covenant: American foreign policy and the crisis between the U.S. and Israel. New York, Simon & Schuster, c1995. 320 p. E183.8.I7A74 1995 Arian, Alan. Security threatened: surveying Israeli opinion on peace and war. Cambridge; New York, Cambridge University Press, 1995. p. (Cambridge studies in political psychology and public opinion) UA853.I8A755 1995 This work will be available later in 1995. Arms control and confidence building in the Middle East. Washington, United States Institute of Peace, 1992. 136 p. JX1974.A768835 1992 Contents.--Prospects for confidence- and security-building measures in the Middle East, by Richard E. Darilek and Geoffrey Kemp.--The role of aerial inspections in confidence building and peacekeeping, by Michael Krepon and Peter D. Constable.--Arms control and the proliferation of ballistic missiles, by W. Seth Carus and Janne E. Nolan.--Chemical weapons arms control, by Charles Flowerree and Brad Roberts. Arms control and the new Middle East security environment. Edited by Shai Feldman and Ariel Levite. Boulder, Westview Press; Jerusalem, Jerusalem Post, 1994. vii, 253 p. (JCSS study; no. 23) JX1974.A768836 1994 ``Publication of the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Tel Aviv University'' Arms control and weapons proliferation in the Middle East and South Asia. Edited by Shelley A. Stahl and Geoffrey Kemp. New York, St. Martin's Press in association with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1992. 248 p. UA832.A76 1992 Papers from a meeting organized by the Carnegie Endowment at the Rockfeller Conference Center, Bellagio, Italy, Oct. 1989. Arms control in the Middle East. edited by Dore Gold. Boulder, Westview Press; Jerusalem, Jerusalem Post, 1991. 160 p. (JCSS study; no. 15) JX974.A76 1991 Essays based on presentations made at an international seminar held at the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Tel Aviv University, in December 1989. Arms race or arms control in the Middle East? Middle East report, July-Aug. 1992: 2-34, 42. Contents.--Scuds vs. Butter: the political economy of arms control in the Arab world, by Yahya Sadowski.--Reversing the nuclear arms race in the Middle East, by Yezid Sayigh.--Shock troops for the new order: special forces after the Gulf War, by David Isenberg.--Discriminate intervention: defining NATO for the '90s, by Mariano Aguirre.--Making war difficult: cooperative security in the Middle East, by John Streinbruner. Aruri, Naseer Hasan. The obstruction of peace: the United States, Israel, and the Palestinians. Monroe, Me., Common Courage Press, c1995. p. E183.8.I7A77 1995 This work will be available later in 1995. Askari, Hossein. It's time to make peace with Iran. Harvard business review, v. 72, Jan.-Feb. 1994: 50-52, 54-56, 58, 60, 62-63. ``The revolution is over, the new republic is stable, most of the people like us, and the markets are starved for Western goods.'' Atherton, Alfred Leroy, Jr. The shifting sands of Middle East peace. Foreign policy, no. 86, spring 1992: 114-133. ``The conference that opened with such fanfare in Madrid on October 30, 1991, is the latest step in the long search for peace in the Middle East.'' Ayubi, Shaheen. Nasser and Sadat: decision making and foreign policy, 1970-1972. Lanham, University Press of America, c1994. 261 p. DT107.85.A98 1994 Originally presented as the author's dissertation. Bacevich, A. J. Eisenstadt, Michael. Ford, Carl. Supporting peace: America's role in an Israel-Syria peace agreement: report of a Washington Institute study group. Washington, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1994. 87 p. DS119.8.S95B33 1994 Bahgat, Gawdat. Democracy in the Arab world: an elitist approach. International relations, v. 12, Aug. 1994: 49-60. ``This article examines the role that the elites in the Arab world have played in introducing political liberalization to their political systems. Two case studies, Egypt and Jordan, will be discussed in detail, the American response to these developments will be analyzed.'' Ball, Jon R. Islamic resurgence in the Middle East. Essays on strategy (National Defense University), v. 11, 1994: 267-297. ``The Islamic threat in the Middle East increasingly is shifting to forces within individual states, rather than the traditional disputes between regional actors.'' Ball, George W. Ball, Douglas B. The passionate attachment: America's involvement with Israel, 1947 to the present. New York, W.W. Norton, c1992. 382 p. E183.8.I7B35 1992 Ballistic missile proliferation. Orbis, v. 35, winter 1991: 5-39. Contents.--Can missile proliferation be reversed? by Kathleen C. Bailey.-- Coping with missile proliferation in the Middle East, by Mark A. Heller.--How much does missile proliferation matter? by Uzi Rubin. Bar-Illan, David. Why a Palestinian state is still a mortal threat. Commentary, v. 96, Nov. 1993: 27-31. ``A PLO state in the territories will become an improved model of the PLO state in Lebanon before the Israeli incursion of 1982 . . . . Dwarfed Israel, back to its `natural size,' . . . will become an irresistible temptation again, just as it was in 1967.'' Bar-Siman-Tov, Yaacov. Israel and the peace process, 1977-1982: in search of legitimacy for peace. Albany, State University of New York Press, c1994. 338 p. (SUNY series in Israeli studies) DS128.183 .B36 1994 Barnaby, Frank. The invisible bomb: the nuclear arms race in the Middle East. London, I.B. Tauris, c1989. 223 p. UA832 .B37 1989 Barnes, Fred. Brushed Assad. New republic, v. 211, Dec. 26, 1994: 12-13. Discusses the status of peace negotiations between Israel and Syria. Ben-Meir, Alon. The Israeli-Syrian battle for equitable peace. Middle East policy, v. 3, no. 1, 1994: 70-83. ``Since its capture by Israel in 1967, the Golan Heights has come to symbolize for both Israel and Syria more than an important strategic territory.'' ----- Israelis and Palestinians: harsh demographic reality and peace. Strategic review, v. 21, summer 1993: 47-57. ``Maintaining the separate national identities of both Israel and any future Palestinian `entity' that might be established in the West Bank and Gaza is critical to resolving the Israeli- Palestinian conflict. These national identities, however, are affected in diametrically opposite ways by current and future demographic factors and by the interdispersement of Israeli and Palestinian populations.'' ----- Jerusalem's final status must reflect its uniqueness. International problems, v. 33, no. 63, 1994: 18-41. ``Jerusalem's final status cannot only satisfy the political, religious and territorial claims of Israelis, Jordanians and Palestinians: it must live up to Jerusalem's millennial vocation. The solution must account for, and at the same time transcend political realism.'' Ben-Zvi, Abraham. The superpower option for resolving the Arab-Israeli conflict: precedents, preconditions, and prospects. Conflict, v. 10, no. 1, 1990: 63-81. ``Using the abortive superpower attempt of October 1, 1977, to jointly define the parameters of an Arab-Israeli settlement as a conceptual and historical point of departure, the article examines the possibility that the Bush administration will seek to reactivate the so-called superpower option . . . domestic and external constraints, which in 1977 forced the Carter presidency to abandon its superpower design, have since eroded or completely evaporated.'' ----- The United States and Israel: the limits of the special relationship. New York, Columbia University Press, c1993. 312 p. E183.8.I7B46 1993 Beres, Louis Rene. The argument for Israeli nuclear weapons. Midstream, v. 41, May 1995: 2-6. ``Israel needs nuclear weapons. These weapons are required to fulfill essential deterrence options, preemption options, warfighting options, and even the Samson option. It follows that such weapons should not be negotiated away in formal international agreements, especially in the midst of the peace process and its attendant creation of a Palestinian state.'' ----- Israeli security in a changing world. Strategic review, v. 18, fall 1990: 10-22. ``For Israel, the essential requirements of national security have always been exceptionally farreaching and difficult . . . . With Iraq's aggression against Kuwait and associated threat to Saudi Arabia, leaders of the Jewish State recognize that Israeli security has become even more problematic . . . . In view of these circumstances, Jerusalem will soon have to make some important decisions concerning nuclear strategy and tactics. It seems that these decisions may have to involve various forms of preemption, elements of anticipatory self-defense.'' ----- Israel's security in the '90s. Midstream, v. 39, Dec. 1994: 2-4. Examines threats to Israel security in the Middle East. ----- Preserving the Third Temple: Israel's right of anticipatory self- defense under international law. Vanderbilt journal of transnational law, v. 26, Apr. 1993: 111-148. ``Professor Beres discusses certain political tensions in the Middle East and the appropriateness of preemptive military action by Israel. He concludes that the ongoing hostilities and threatening overtures by Israel's enemies could give Israel sufficient basis pursuant to international law to conduct preemptive strikes.'' Berger, Elmer. Peace for Palestine: first lost opportunity. Gainesville, University Press of Florida, c1993. 287 p. DS126.98.B46 1993 Black, Ian. Morris, Benny. Israel's secret wars: a history of Israel's intelligence services. New York, Grove Weidenfeld, 1991. 603 p. Partial contents.--Birth pangs: 1948-51.--Enemies within: 1948-67.--Palestinian challenges: 1967-73.--The Lebanese Quagmire, 1978-85.--Occupational hazards: 1984-7.--Intifada: 1987-90. Bookmiller, Robert J. Approaching the Rubicon: Jordan and the peace process. SAIS review, v. 14, summer-fall 1994: 109-123. Discusses Jordan's role in the Middle East peace process. Boyne, Sean. Lebanon rebuilds its Army. Jane's intelligence review, v. 7, Mar. 1995: 122-125. ``Since the end of the Lebanese civil war in 1990, Lebanese military leaders have been working to build a unified, non-sectarian force, one which could play a key role in any Middle East peace settlement.'' Brand, Laurie A. Jordan's inter-Arab relations: the political economy of alliance making. New York, Columbia University Press, c1994. 350 p. DS154.16.A65B73 1994 Brands, H. W. Into the labyrinth: the United States and the Middle East, 1945-1993. New York, McGraw Hill, c1994. 234 p. (America in crisis) DS63.2.U5B73 1994 Brune, Lester H. America and the Iraqi crisis, 1990-1992: origins and aftermath. Claremont, Calif.: Regina Books, c1993. 208 p. (Guides to contemporary issues; #8) DS79.72.B78 1993 Bryson, Thomas A. American diplomatic relations with the Middle East, 1784-1975: a survey. Metuchen, N.J., Scarecrow Press, c1977. 431 p. DS63.2.U5B79 Capital projects: economic and financial analyses of nine capital projects in Egypt. Arlington, Va., U.S. Agency for International Development, 1994. ca. 76 p. in various pagings (A.I.D. technical report no. 19) ``This paper examines nine A.I.D.-funded capital projects in Egypt over the 1977-1992 period. These projects helped create an infrastructure base that was essential to Egyptian economic development. The projects greatly increased electrical power generation, introduced a modern telephone system in Cairo and Alexandria, and rehabilitated a water and sewage system that served more than 23 million Egyptians. The projects were designed and built to high technical standards, and they provided the basic infrastructure necessary for Egypt's continued economic growth.'' Capital projects: Egypt case study. Arlington, Va., U.S. Agency for International Development, 1994. ca. 106 p. in various pagings (A.I.D. technical report no. 20) ``This assessment is based on an October 1992 field evaluation that analyzed Agency for International Development's (A.I.D.) experience with capital projects in Egypt. It examines the effectiveness of capital projects in promoting Egypt's economic development, while also promoting U.S. commercial interests. The analysis is structured around two sets of issues--commercial benefits of capital projects for the United States and develop- mental benefits for Egypt.'' Carmon, Yigal. The story behind the handshake. Commentary, v. 97, Mar. 1994: 25-29. ``The agreement reached last August in Oslo between Israel and the PLO, and then signed on the White House lawn a month later, was negotiated in the deepest secrecy. So far the story behind it has been told only selectively . . . . But a very different picture emerges when that story is told more fully, which is what I propose to do here now.'' Chubin, Shahram. Iran's national security policy: capabilities, intentions & impact. Washington, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1994. 106 p. Contents.--Iran's security perspectives.--Lessons of Iran's recent experience.--Arms policies and programs.--Impact on regional and international security.--Decisionmaking and national security. Clarke, Duncan. Israel's unauthorized arms transfers. Foreign policy, no. 99, summer 1995: 89-109. Asserts that ``Israel's unauthorized retransfer of U.S. defense products is part of a larger pattern of illicit behavior that includes diversions of U.S. military aid, industrial espionage, and improper end use of U.S. military equipment. Israel often re- transfers U.S. defense products to states that are potentially hostile to the United States or are blatant violators of human rights. These retransfers have threatened American commercial interests, compromised intelligence, upset regional stability, strained diplomatic relations, and confirmed the U.S. national security bureaucracy's long-standing distrust of Israeli technology transfer practices.'' Clawson, Patrick. Unaffordable ambitions: Syria's military build-up and economic crisis. Washington, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, c1989. 57, [15] p. (Policy papers; no. 17) UA853.S95C56 1989 Cobban, Helena. The superpowers and the Syrian-Israeli conflict: beyond crisis management? New York, Praeger, 1991. 182 p. (Washington papers 149) Contents.--The context of the Syrian-Israeli conflict, 1978-1989. --Developments in the conflict.--The U.S.-Israeli relationship.--The Soviet-Syrian relationship.--Beyond crisis management? Cohen, Avner. Most favored nation. Bulletin of the atomic scientists, v. 51, Jan.-Feb. 1995: 44-53. ``The United States carries a big stick on proliferation, but talks softly regarding Israel.'' ----- Toward a new Middle East: rethinking the nuclear question. Cambridge, Center for International Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. 42 p. (DACS working paper (Nov. 1994)) ``WP 94-3'' Examines the Middle East nuclear situation in light of ``the experience of Iraq, North Korea, South Africa, and Latin America.'' Cohen, Avner. Miller, Marvin. How to think about--and implement--nuclear arms control in the Middle East. Washington quarterly, v. 16, spring 1993: 101-113. ``Achieving agreement on nuclear arms-control arrangements in the Middle East involves three distinct problems: the linkage between the nuclear issue and the rest of the peace process; the linkage between the nuclear issue and the rest of the arms- control agenda [and] how to craft a realistic and effective arms- control agreement, given Israel's determination to retain its unacknowledged nuclear capability.'' ----- Nuclear shadows in the Middle East: prospects for arms control in the wake of the Gulf Crisis. Cambridge, Mass., Defense and Arms Control Studies Program, Center for International Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. 38 p. (DACS Working paper) UA832.C64 1990 Research supported by the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, the Rockefeller Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundations, the W. Alton Jones Foundation, the Ploughshares Fund and the Prospect Hill Foundation. Cohen, Saul B. The geopolitics of a Golan Heights agreement. Focus, v. 42, summer 1992: 15-18. ``The Yarmuk and Ruggad gorges offer both excellent defensive positions and points of surveillance over Syrian, Jordanian, and Iraqi threats.'' Confidence building measures in the Middle East. Edited by Gabriel Ben-Dor and David B. Dewitt. Boulder, Westview Press, 1994. 388 p. DS119.7 Conry, Barbara. America's misguided policy of dual containment in the Persian Gulf. Washington, Cato Institute, 1994. 18 p. (Foreign policy briefing no. 33) ``President Clinton has embarked upon an ambitious and costly policy of `dual containment' of both Iran and Iraq. That policy is based on a series of risky assumptions and could harm, rather than protect, U.S. interests in the region.'' The Consequences of the Gulf War. Contemporary European Affairs, v. 4, no. 2-3, 1991: 192-221. Contents.--The Arab world in the aftermath of the war, by Edgard Pisani.--The Maghreb and the war, by Yves Lacoste.--American strategy in the Mediterranean, by Antoine Sanguinetti.--Israel and the Arab world, by Jacques Tarnero.--Why was the Gulf War fought? by Samir Kassir.--A welcome war, by Claude Julien.--A legal perspective on the war, by Monique Chemillier-Gendreau.--Europe's role in the crisis, by Paul-Marie de la Gorce. Continuity and transformation: the modern Middle East. Journal of international affairs, v. 49, summer 1995: whole issue (296 p.) Partial contents.--Competing identities in the Arab world, by Nubar Hovsepian.--Peace and political reform in the Gulf: the private sector, by Andrew C. Hess.--Rivers of conflict, rivers of peace, by Miriam R. Lowi.--Iran: the adolescent revolution, by Gary Sick.--The U.N. and arms control in Iraq: a new role?, by Rolf Ekeus.--Middle East nuclear stability: the State of the region and the State of the debate, by Shai Feldman. Cooley, John K. Payback: America's long war in the Middle East. Washington, Brassey's (US); Riverside, NJ, Macmillan [distributor], c1991. 257 p. DS63.2.U5C67 1991 Darilek, Richard E. A crisis or conflict prevention center for the Middle East. Santa Monica, Calif., Rand, 1995. 39 p. ``The goal of this study has been to produce a conceptual framework for . . . the issue of crisis or conflict prevention in the Middle East.'' The Decline of the Soviet Union and the transformation of the Middle East. Edited by David H. Goldberg and Paul Marantz. Boulder, Westview Press, 1994. 240 p. DK68.5.D43 1994 Dekmejian, R. Hrair. The rise of political Islamism in Saudi Arabia. Middle East journal, v. 48, autumn 1994: 627-643. ``Since Operation Desert Storm in 1991, the Saudi monarchy has been confronted with a growing Islamist movement that seeks to bring a comprehensive transformation in the kingdom's socioeconomic and political life. In the name of religious reformism, the Islamists have assumed a boldly critical stance toward the government and even questioned the Islamic legitimacy of the monarchy itself.'' Democracy betrayed: a response to U.S. State Department report on the Mojahedin and the Iranian resistance. Paris, National Council of Resistance of Iran, Foreign Affairs Committee, 1995. 384 p. Partial contents.--A discredited report.--A decade of appease- ment.--History of Mojahedin.--Freedom fighters or terrorists?-- Mojahedin & Iraq.--Mojahedin structure.--Democratic alternative. Democracy in the Middle East: defining the challenge. Edited by Yehudah Mirsky and Matt Ahrens. Washington, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, c1993. 138 p. JQ1758.A91D46 1993 Democracy, Islam, and the study of Middle Eastern politics. PS: political science and politics, v. 27, Sept. 1994: 507-519. Partial contents.--Beyond democratization: political change in the Arab world, by Carrie Rosefsky Wickham.--Civil society: effective tool of analysis for Middle East politics?, by Eva Bellin.--Arab democratization: a poor cousin? by, Bahgat Korany. --The old orthodoxy and the new orthodoxy in the study of Middle Eastern politics, by Louis J. Cantori.--The politics of Middle East politics, by Jerrold D. Green.--Comparative Middle East politics: still in search of theory, by James A. Bill. Diab, M. Zuhair. Have Syria and Israel opted for peace? Middle East policy, v. 3, 1994: 77-90. ``The Syrian decision to respond positively to the American initiative in July 1991 and to participate in a peace conference . . . . The key question was whether that decision constituted a radical change in the Syrian position regarding Israel or was merely a tactical move.'' Djerejian, Edward P. War and peace: the problems and prospects of American diplomacy in the Middle East. U.S. Dept. of State dispatch, Dec. 20, 1993: 874-878. In this statement before the Los Angeles World Affairs Council, Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs details the foundations of the situation in the Middle East and considers prospects for peace. Dowty, Alan. Middle East crisis: U.S. decision-making in 1958, 1970 and 1973. Berkeley, University of California Press, c1984. xiv, 416 p. DS63.2.U5D68 1984 International Crisis Behavior Project. Drysdale, Alasdair. Hinnebusch, Raymond A. Syria and the Middle East peace process. New York, Council on Foreign Relations Press, c1991. 244 p. JX1581.S95Z5 1991 Economic crisis in the Arab world: catalyst for conflict. Policy focus, no. 5, 1991: whole issue (11 p.) Discusses the inequitable distribution of wealth whether the Arab world as a catalyst for the Persian Gulf War and as a continuing source of conflict in this region. Also discusses the economic effects of the war on the region, U.S. debt relief and aid policy, U.S. failure to curb arms sales in the region, and standard of living in the Arab countries. ®RM70ŻEconomic dislocation and recovery in Lebanon. Washington, International Monetary Fund, 1995. 64 p. (Occasional paper 120) Provides background information on the Lebanese economy including ``the effects of the drastic war-induced shrinkage of real economic output.'' Discusses Lebanon's exchange rate system and the reasons for the dollarization of the economy. Egypt: government combating extremism on the cultural front. FBIS trends, May 4, 1994: 10-15. ``The Mubarak regime has launched an unprecedented proactive campaign against extremist groups in government-controlled television and the semi-independent film industry by airing and encouraging productions--including a television serial, an interview with a `repentant' extremist and a movie starring a popular Egyptian actor--that openly address the issue of Islamic militancy. Editors and columnists of the government-owned news media have effectively built on the campaign by lavishly praising the government's efforts and calling for more, while Islamist opposition writers have predictably expressed cynicism over the productions.'' Eisenstadt, Michael. Arming for peace? Syria's elusive quest for ``strategic parity.'' Washington, Washington, Institute for Near East Policy, 1995. 104 p. (Policy papers no. 31) Partial contents.--The evolution of Syria's national security policy.--Syrian military capabilities: an assessment.--Syria and the peace process: towards a new strategy? ----- Syria's strategic weapons. Jane's intelligence review, v. 5, Apr. 1993: 168-173. ``Syria now has the most advanced strategic weapons capability in the Arab world. . . . Syria's motivation for developing these capabilities is rooted in the perception that Israel is an `expansionist and aggressive' state which aspires to expand `from the Nile to the Euphrates' in fulfilment of biblical promises.'' ----- US troops on the Golan? Middle East insight, v. 11, Jan.-Feb. 1995: 46-53. ``Since the start of Israeli-Syrian negotiations in Madrid in October 1991, the United States has played a key role in efforts to end the decades-old conflict between these two adversaries. As part of these efforts, Washington has offered the dispatch of US personnel to serve as peacekeepers on the Golan Heights . . . . The prospective deployment of US peacekeepers to the Golan, however, has raised concerns about the potential risks of such a mission.'' Eizenstat, Stuart E. Loving Israel--warts and all. Foreign policy, no. 81, winter 1990-91: 87-105. ``The relationship between America's 5.9 million Jews and Israel has had an important--though not controlling--impact on U.S. policy toward the Middle East since the founding of the modern state in 1948.'' Elliott, Michael. Passing around the tin cup: what will peace cost? And who will pay? Newsweek, v. 122, Sept. 27, 1993: 51. Examines the economic status of the Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank. Considers sources of economic assistance to this area. Faksh, Mahmud A. Asad's westward turn: implications for Syria. Middle East policy, v. 2, 1993: 49-61. ``The United States should encourage the process of Syria's openness to the West. . . . The West should seize the moment to coax Syria toward moderation, away from radicalism and militarism. Such an effort will facilitate the current search for a settlement of the Arab-Israeli struggle.'' Feith, Douglas J. A mandate for Israel. National interest, no. 33, spring 1993: 43-58. Traces the history of territorial claims in the Middle East. Considers likely settlements for some of the problems. Fischer, Stanley. Building Palestinian prosperity. Foreign policy, no. 93, winter 1993-94: 60-75. ``The PLO-Israel agreement is the foundation on which a new Middle East can eventually be built. With the excuse of the Palestinian problem out of the way, the countries of the region will have to begin confronting their deep domestic problems: in the Israeli case, the role of religion in the society, social integration, relations between its Jewish and Arab citizens, and its relations with the Arab world; in the Arab countries, the role of religion, the nature of the state and civil society, the need for democracy and economic development and economic justice.'' Fox, James W. Capital projects: U.S. aid and trade in Egypt. Arlington, Va., U.S. Agency for International Development, 1994. ca. 49 p. in various pagings (A.I.D. technical report no. 8) ``This paper analyzes the relation between U.S. exports and U.S. economic assistance with particular attention to Egypt. The report concludes that U.S. economic assistance has not been effective in generating commercial U.S. exports to Egypt. The fundamental problem has been the stagnation of overall Egyptian imports. Egypt's policies have impeded the growth of exports earnings, thus limiting the country's capacity to buy U.S. goods. Moreover, particular assistance modalities, such as capital projects, cannot overcome this constraint. In relation to other exporters to Egypt, the fact that the United States provides the bulk of bilateral aid has not given the United States a privileged share in the Egyptian market for capital equipment.'' Frankel, Matthew. The $10 billion question: AIPAC and loan guarantees to Israel. Fletcher forum of world affairs, v. 19, winter-spring 1995: 153-170. Examines the role of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) in securing ``support for the Israeli cause consistently throughout the 1970s and 1980s. The delay AIPAC experienced securing loan guarantees in 1991 represented its first substantial defeat. The causes of this startling turnaround can be traced to the following factors: the end of the Cold War, a deteriorating relationship between the Bush and Shamir governments, a reduction in the level of public support for aid to Israel in America, changing views within the American Jewish community, and Congressional reluctance to challenge the President.'' Freedman, Robert O. Israeli security after the signing. Midstream, v. 40, June-July 1994: 6-8. ``While the first stage of the peace agreement has now been signed, numerous obstacles remain until a final settlement is reached. Nonetheless if Arafat can prevent terrorist attacks on Israelis, if the Palestinian entity can show rapid economic growth, if the Palestinian elections are held in the near future, and if the issue of settlements is speedily addressed, the clear possibility exists that the first stage agreement, so painfully negotiated, will be followed by a final peace settlement between Israelis and Palestinians.'' Friedlander, Melvin A. Conviction & credence: US policymaking in the Middle East. Boulder, Colo., L. Rienner Publishers, 1991. 177 p. DS63.1.U6F75 1991 Friedman, Robert I. Ceding the high ground: why Israel and Syria want American GIs on the Golan Heights. Harper's magazine, v. 290, Apr. 1995: 66-67. Discusses the strategic value of the Golan Heights and examines political issues for each county in their claim of this area. From war to peace: Arab-Israeli relations, 1973-1993. Edited by Barry Rubin, Joseph Ginat, Moshe Ma'oz. Washington Square, N.Y., New York University Press, 1994. 244 p. DS119.7.F757 1994 Further developments in the Middle East peace process. U.S. Dept. of State Dispatch supplement, v. 5, Nov. 1994: whole issue (30 p.) Partial contents.--Middle East negotiations.--Jordan-Israel breakthroughs.--Recent developments in U.S. relations with Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Gazit, Shlomo. The declaration of principles between Israel and the PLO: the security issues. Studia diplomatica, v. 67, 1994: 41-51. Gerges, Fawaz A. Egyptian-Israeli relations turn sour. Foreign affairs, v. 74, May-June 1995: 69-78. ``Israel and Egypt's cold peace has turned arctic. Jerusalem and Cairo are clashing over nuclear disarmament, other Arab states'ties to Israel, the stability of the Mubarak regime, and the peace process. The strains stem from Israel's and Egypt's competing visions of a new Middle East, which they both hope to lead. With U.S.-Egyptian relations also on the rocks, these tensions threaten the entire Middle East peace process.'' Ghali, Boutros Boutros. Egyptian foreign policy in the nineties. Mediterranean quarterly, v. 1, summer 1990: 26-35. ``Egyptian diplomacy is now developing a comprehensive foreign policy approach which takes into account the new developments in superpower relations and the dramatic changes in Europe.'' Gilbert, Martin. Jerusalem: a tale of one city. New republic, v. 211, Nov. 14, 1994: 17-18, 20, 22-24. ``Today, as for the past twenty-seven years of the reunited city, the Jewish and Arab communities of Jerusalem live virtually separate lives. . . . Perhaps in this very separation, topographical and social, may lie the best hope for the peace, growth, and prosperity of a permanently united city.'' Gleick, Peter H. Water, war & peace in the Middle East. Environment, v. 36, Apr. 1994: 6-15, 35-42. ``Since antiquity, when Urlama, King of Lagash, diverted a river to deprive his enemies of water, people in the Middle East have fought over--and with--water. Just three years ago, the withdrawal of water was again considered as a potential weapon, this time against Iraq in the Gulf War. Saudi Arabia's water supplies also were threatened when an oil slick floated towards its desalination plants. Because water may even overshadow religion as a possible cause of conflict in this turbulent region, hydrologists, engineers, and politicians are seeking solutions to the Middle East's water problems. Here, the obstacles and opportunities for dousing the tinderbox are examined.'' Golan, Galia. Moscow and the Middle East: new thinking on regional conflict. New York, Published in North America for the Royal Institute of International Affairs [by] Council on Foreign Relations Press, c1992. 102 p. Chatham House papers (Unnumbered) DS63.2.S65 G645 1992 ----- A Palestinian state from an Israeli point of view. Middle East policy, v. 3, no. 1, 1994: 56-69. ``The agreement signed on September 13, 1993, between the government of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) . . . was recognition of the legitimacy of the claims of both peoples to national existence.'' Gold, Dore. America, the gulf, and Israel: CENTCOM (Central Command) and emerging US regional security policies in the Mideast. Jerusalem, Jerusalem Post; Boulder, Colo., Westview Press, c1988. 118 p. (JCSS study; no. 11) UA832.G65 1988 Gonzalez, Iris M. Warren, James. The impact of nuclear proliferation: the case of Syria and Libya, 1998. Alexandria, Va., Center for Naval Analyses, 1994. 79 p. (CRM 94-16/September 1994) ``This research memorandum is part of a CNA-sponsored study that identifies the policy and force implications for the United States of nuclear-weapons proliferation in distant Third world areas. This particular memorandum uses a notional situation to identify the implications of nuclear possession by terrorists in Syria and Lebanon (backed by Libya) for policies and programs affecting the design, organization, location, and employment of future U.S. forces.'' Gore-Booth, David. Middle East: future security structures: the way ahead. RUSI [Journal of the Royal United Services Institute for Defense Studies], v. 136, autumn 1991: 38-39. ``Claims that, even though the Gulf Crisis has caused a major shake-up in the Middle East, the old pattern of relationships may still re-emerge in the aftermath. But partly due to a number of changes affecting the global balance of power, the Middle East region may also be undergoing fundamental change. The impetus to avoid another humiliating and divisive crisis in the Arab world may encourage more pluralism in government, regional cooperation in security and resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict and Palestinian problem, although there are several major obstacles in the way of such a scenario. Europe in general, and the UK in particular, should take an active role in diffusing some of these dangers and enhancing the prospects for positive and lasting change.'' Hadar, Leon T. Clinton's tilt. Journal of Palestine studies, v. 22, summer 1993: 62-72. ``To old Middle East hands, the 14 March 1993 press conference in the White House East Room featuring President Bill Clinton and Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin may have brought back memories of the American-Israeli love affair of the Reagan years.'' [Asserts that] ``after four years of the more even-handed approach adopted by the Bush-Baker team that produced the Madrid peace conference, the journalists who gathered to listen to the two leaders sum up three-and-a-half hours of meeting and lunch could not fail to sense the pro- Israeli tilt of the new administration.'' ----- The Middle East peace process: America should keep hands off. USA today (magazine), v. 123, Nov. 1994: 62-65. Asserts that ``the U.S. should minimize its financial commitment to Israel and the emerging Palestinian entity. Instead, it should encourage economic cooperation between Israel and the Arab states.'' ----- The real lesson of the Oslo Accord: ``localize'' the Arab-Israeli conflict. Washington, Cato Institute, 1994. 15 p. (Foreign policy briefing no. 31) Cato Institute study contends that ``with the end of the Cold War, the Arab-Israeli conflict lost any worldwide importance it may have had. The United States no longer has any reason to meddle in the peace process or make significant political, economic, or military commitments to the regional players.'' ----- Reforming Israel--before it's too late. Foreign policy, no. 81, winter 1990-91: 106-127. ``No government in Israel's history has been more opposed to the land-for-peace formula favored by the United States than the one that took power in 1990.'' ----- The ``special relationship'': Israel decides its future. Middle East policy, v. 1, no. 1, 1992: 1-14. Examines the relationship between the U.S. and Israel. ----- Thawing the American-Israeli chill. Journal of Palestine studies, v. 22, winter 1993: 78-89. Contends that ``more significant than the parochial Israeli- America connection, is the question of whether Washington will be able or even interested in maintaining its diplomatic and strategic commitments in the region as a whole.'' Halberstam, Malvina. Nationalism and the right to self-determination: the Arab-Israeli conflict. New York University journal of international law and policy, v. 26, spring 1994: 573-583. ``In the Arab-Israeli conflict has been deliberately transformed into a claim for self-determination as a political tactic designed to gain the support of third world countries in the United Nations. The issues in the Arab-Israeli conflict are (1) territory, and (2) the existence of a non-Muslim state in the Middle East.'' Han, Xiaoxing. China-Middle East links. China business review, v. 21, Mar.-Apr. 1994: 44-49. ``China's commercial ties with the Middle East have grown tremendously, as have the variety of goods and services traded. While the region has emerged as a dependable trade partner, China has developed other business links with the Middle East as well, in areas such as construction and finance.'' Includes accompanying article by Alexander T. Lennon on Chinese arms exports. Harik, Iliya. Pluralism in the Arab world. Journal of democracy, v. 5, July 1994: 43-56. ``In seven of the Arab world's twenty states--a process of guarded democratization has been taking place. . . . This essay also seeks to assess whether the growth of a flourishing `civil society' is a prerequisite for the installation of a democratic government or, alternatively, whether the development of a civil society and a democratic government may be pursued simultaneously.'' Hashim, Ahmed. The crisis of the Iranian state. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1995. 80 p. (Adelphi paper 296) Contents.--The domestic context of security.--The regional and international context.--Iranian defence policies. ----- The state, society, and the evolution of warfare in the Middle East: the rise of strategic deterrence? Washington quarterly, v. 18, autumn 1995: 53-72. ``The Middle Eastern military and strategic environment is in the process of deep-seated changes. The half-century quest on the part of most states of the region to create effective military power has not succeeded. Furthermore, war has proven increasingly costly to states whether in terms of political and social stability, regime legitimacy, or economic development.'' Heller, Mark A. The Israeli-Palestinian accord: an Israeli view. Current history, v. 93, Feb. 1994: 56-61. ``In September, Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization formally recognized each other and signed a Declaration of Principles on interim self-government. The declaration calls for a transitional period of no more than five years, during which final status arrangements for a lasting and comprehensive peace settlement will be negotiated.'' ----- The Middle East: out of step with history. Foreign affairs, v. 69, no. 1, 1990: 152-171. Contends that ``the experience of 1989 illustrates once again the basic conundrum of Israeli-Palestinian peacemaking: no one, including the United States, can overcome the obstacles to peace except Israelis and Palestinians themselves, but only the United States can give them the resolve to do so. . . . Global changes may mean that such involvement is no longer an urgent strategic necessity for the United States, but the political and moral imperative remains as valid as ever.'' Herrmann, Richard K. Russian policy in the Middle Eat: strategic change and tactical considerations. Middle East journal, v. 48, summer 1994: 455-474. ``As Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) took their historic step toward mutual recognition in September 1993, Russia was present as a formal co-sponsor of the peace process. Its role, however, was clearly secondary. . . . Russia's policy in the Middle Eat moved in several directions simultaneously.'' Hersh, Seymour M. The Samson option: Israel's nuclear arsenal and American foreign policy. New York, Vintage Books, 1993. 362 p. UA853.I8H47 1993 Hicks, D. Bruce. Internal competition over foreign policy-making: the case of U.S. arms sales to Iran. Policy studies review, v. 9, spring 1990: 471-484. ``Two models of foreign-policy making, the bureaucratic politics model and the royal court model, are helpful in explaining U.S. arms sales to Iran in 1985 and in 1986. . . . However, the royal court model best accounts for the decisive role of the president and the deference given to those advisers perceived to be acting in his interests.'' Hinnebusch, Raymond A. Class, state and the reversal of Egypt's agrarian reform. Middle East report, no. 184, Sept.-Oct. 1993: 20-23. ``US-directed debt relief following the Gulf war helped convince the Mubarak regime that the time was ripe to abolish the tenancy law, as demanded by Egypt's large landowners. This may be a first step in replacing small peasant production with larger-scale capitalist enterprise, but it is by no means certain it will be economically rational, and there is no sign that tenants were part of the debate.'' ----- Syria: the politics of peace and regime survival. Middle East policy, v. 3, Apr. 1995: 74-87. ``The view that Asad's regime needs the conflict with Israel and cannot survive peace is very much exaggerated. Asad, far from shaping Syria's policy according to the survival needs of domestic politics, achieved substantial autonomy in foreign-policy making.'' Hoch, Martin. The Palestine conflict: positions and perspectives in the peace process. Aussenpolitik, v. 44, no. 2, 1993: 163-172. ``The cessation of the East-West conflict and the new role of the USA as the sole world power have also fundamentally transformed political conditions in the Middle East. In the wake of victory in the second Gulf War, Washington seeks to eliminate the region's permanent problem, the Palestine conflict, in cooperation with the parties concerned. . . . The problems to be resolved in this challenging venture and at the hopes for its successful realisation.'' ----- Peace in the Near East after the Gaza-Jericho accord. Aussenpolitik, v. 45, no. 3, 1994: 279-288. ``The end of the East-West conflict has also fundamentally transformed the situation in the Near East. . . . This has led to a completely new situation which makes Israeli-Palestinian conciliation a possibility--a prospect, however, which is not yet safeguarded for the long term.'' Hochstein, Joseph M. Israel's 40-year quandary. Washington, Congressional Quarterly, 1988. 186-199 p. (Editorial research reports, 1988, v. 1, no. 14) Contents.--No going back.--Sensitivity to criticism.--Roots of the conflict.--Land for peace?--Israel's right to exist.--Election- year issues. Hollis, Rosemary. Security developments in the Middle East: a review of the Middle East following the Gulf War. Military technology, v. 16, May 1992: 10-11, 14, 16, 18-19. After the Persian Gulf War ``there seemed little to prevent the US and its allies from realising the new regional order envisaged by President Bush. According to him and the signatories of the March 1991 Damascus Declaration--Egypt, Syria and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, led by Saudi Arabia--there would be co-operation on regional security, arms control, an Arab-Israeli peace and balanced economic development.'' Homayoun, Assad. Assessing the Islamic Republic of Iran. Global affairs, v. 8, spring 1993: 71-82. Former Iranian diplomat writes that ``the Clinton Administration must know that there are forces inside and outside Iran that are eager to assist the United States in formulating a policy toward Iran that will be helpful in promoting democracy in Iran, and a return of stability to the region . . . .What they seek in the United States is moral support in order to end their domestic and international terrorism. Ultimately, a friendly, democratic government that has the mandate of the people must be restored to power in Tehran if peace and stability are to reign in the Middle East and Central Asia.'' Hoodbhoy, Pervez. Myth-building: the ``Islamic'' bomb. Bulletin of the atomic scientists, v. 49, June 1993: 42-49. ``The `Islamic' bomb evokes fearsome images--nuclear annihilation in the hand of dictators, holy war and warriors, and terrorists.'' Hough, Harold. Israel's nuclear infrastructure. Jane's intelligence review, v. 6, Nov. 1994: 508-511. ``Everyone knows that the Israelis have the atomic bomb but no- one knows anything about it . . . . However, by looking at high- resolution Russian and French imagery produced over the last five years, it is possible to follow the nuclear trail from nuclear reactor to final product.'' Hudson, Michael C. Arab regimes and democratization: responses to the challenge of political Islam. International spectator, v. 29, Oct.-Dec. 1994: 3-27. ``Several world and regional factors, . . . have recently emerged which seem to be facilitating a significant--but fragile and perhaps reversible--process of liberalization in Arab politics.'' ----- The Clinton Administration and the Middle East: squandering the inheritance? Current history, v. 93, Feb. 1994: 49-54. ----- The Middle East under pax Americana: how new, how orderly? Third world quarterly, v. 13, no. 2, 1992: 301-316. Considers the ``long-term effects of . . . U.S. intervention in the internal politics of the'' Middle East. Hussein, King, I. A bold peace: partners in shaping the future. Vital speeches of the day, v. 60, Aug. 15, 1994: 642-643. Speech delivered by King Hussein of Jordan to a Joint Session of the U.S. Congress, July 26, 1994. Huwaydi, Amin. Militarization and security in the Middle East: its impact on development and democracy. Tokyo, United Nations University; New I10 York, St. Martin's Press, 1989. 144 p. DS63.1.H49 1989 Inbar, Efraim. Israel: the emergence of new strategic thinking. International defense review--defense '95, 1995: 90-97. ``This article analyzes the ways in which Israel's external and internal environments have and are influencing the emphasis on self-reliance within Israel's overall security thinking. Israel appears to undergo a change in its policy in this regard.'' Inbar, Efraim. Sandler, Shmuel. The changing Israeli strategic equation: toward a security regime. Review of international studies, v. 21, 1995: 41-59. ``This article investigates the chances for greater Israeli interest in reliance on cooperative security arrangements in a transition to security regimes with its neighbours.'' ----- Israel's deterrence strategy revisited. Ramat Gan, Israel, BESA Center, Bar-Ilan University, 1994. 330-358 p. (BESA security and policy studies no. 17) ``Deterrence is central to Israel's strategic thinking. It is influenced by a complex interaction among factors such as Israel's perceived political and military power, the regional balance of power, the military strategies of the regional protagonists, the policy priorities of Israel's rivals, and the role played by states outside the region.'' International Security Council. Middle East: a political-strategic assessment, 1988. New York, The Council, c1988. 24 p. (International Security Council publications, 0899-0441; v.2) MLCM 93/02994 (D) Iran's strategic intentions and capabilities. Washington, National Defense University, 1994. 224 p. (McNair paper 29) Partial contents.--Domestic politics and strategic intentions. --Russia and Iran.--Iran's military intentions and capabilities. Isaac, Rael Jean. The real lessons of Camp David. Commentary, v. 96, Dec. 19, 1993: 34-38. ``The nature of the relations between Egypt and Israel has not really changed. Israel gave much more than it bargained for to achieve much less than it anticipated. If the peace with Egypt, as Peres asserts, is to set an example, it is an example fraught with peril for Israel.'' Israel: massive retaliation. Middle East , no. 232, Mar. 1994: 7-8. ``Israel's nuclear weapons capacity has been one of the worst- kept secrets in the Middle East for years. That has suited successive Israeli governments only too well as a warning to Arab adversaries. Now details of the extent of Israeli nuclear power have been published in a new book in the United States. As the Middle East edges cautiously towards peace, its revelations have potent implications for the region's future balance of power.'' The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles: prelude to a peace? Virginia journal of international law, v. 34, winter 1994: 435-469. ``The Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles is an historic agreement. A convergence of economic, political, and social forces in late 1992 made the time ripe for this landmark accord . . . . The Declaration of Principles does not recognize Palestine statehood as the PLO wished. The document does, however, make a significant move toward the acknowledgment of Palestine as a quasi- state.'' Israel-Syria: Israel puts Syrian track on the back burner. FBIS trends, Oct. 27, 1993: 14-15. Discusses the status of Israeli-Syrian peace negotiations. The Israeli-Palestinian agreement: in the footsteps of Camp David. New York, Anti-defamation League, 1993. 34 p. Partial contents.--Comparing the two agreements.--Comparing the texts.--Appendixes. Israeli self-rule proposal. Journal of Palestine studies, v. 22, winter 1993: 150-155. Sets forth the details of the Israeli proposal for Palestinian self-government as presented during the sixth round of Israeli- Palestinian bilateral talks.'' Jarbawi, Ali. The triangle of conflict. Foreign policy, no. 100, fall 1995: 92-108. ``Jordanian-Palestinian relations . . . need to be assessed from a comprehensive point of view that would take into account the triangle of conflict involving Jordan, Israel, and the PLO. The misunderstood sources of this conflict need to be aired, and measures to achieve a sound bilateral relationship between Jordan and the Palestinians must be suggested: Both steps are essential to the success of the ongoing peace process and thus to the stability of the region.'' Jarbawi, Ali. Heacock, Roger. The deportations and the Palestinian-Israeli negotiations. Journal of Palestine studies, v. 22, spring 1993: 32-45. Considers the implications on the peace process of the Dec. 1992 deportations of Palestinians form the West Bank and Gaza Strip by the Israeli government following the killing of five soldiers. Jerusalem. Middle East policy, v. 3, no. 3, 1994: 83-118. Contents.--U.S. policy towards Jerusalem: Clinton's shift to the right, by Stephen Zunes.--Jerusalem's final status must reflect its uniqueness, by Alon Ben-Meir.--The road to peace starts in Jerusalem: the condominium solution, by John v. Whitbeck. Joffee, George. The Middle East peace process--an appraisal. Jane's intelligence review, v. 5, Nov. 1993: 508-511. Examines ``how this unlikely partnership between inveterate enemies was really achieved.'' Kanovsky, Eliyahu. The economic consequences of the Persian Gulf War: accelerating OPEC's demise. Washington, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1995. 103 p. (Policy papers no. 30) Partial contents.--Saudi Arabia.--Kuwait.--Iraq.--Iran.--Other OPEC states.--The war's effect on Egypt, Syria and Jordan.-- Non-OPEC oil producers.--Oil demand. Kaplan, Morton A. The Mideast peace process: then and now. World & I, v. 9, Feb. 1994: 94-99. ``The recent agreement between Israel and the PLO raises the prospects of peace . . . . Peace raises risks for Israel: the possibility that Arab extremists would use the West Bank to undermine Israeli security. Risks are involved for the Palestinians also: the possibility that Israel will refrain from moving forward toward genuine self-rule for the Palestinians.'' Karp, Aaron. The demise of the Middle East arms race. Washington quarterly, v. 18, autumn 1995: 29-51. ``Middle East armed forces remain the source of greatest international concern and one of the least promising areas for negotiated restraint. Nonetheless it is becoming increasingly clear that military confrontation in the region is not what it once was.'' Karsh, Efraim. Neutralization: the key to an Arab-Israeli peace. Bulletin of peace proposals, v. 22, Mar. 1991: 11-23. ``In the absence of a comprehensive peace between Israel and all of its Arab neighbours, the collapse of any Israeli-Palestinian agreement is a foregone conclusion. The best means to break the deadlock of the Middle East conflict is through neutralization of the entire Arab-Israeli sector . . . . To illustrate the merits of neutralization in the Arab-Israeli context, this article analyses the essence of this concept and the factors which bear upon its political feasibility.'' ----- Peace not love: toward a comprehensive Arab-Israeli settlement. Washington quarterly, v. 17, spring 1994: 143-156. ``This article will outline the key elements of the Israeli-Palestinian accord, highlight the main landmarks of the disillusionment process that produced it, and explain why the balance of forces, risks, and opportunities tilts in the direction of comprehensive peace.'' Karsh, Efraim. Sayigh, Yezid. A cooperative approach to Arab-Israeli security. Survival, v. 36, spring 1994: 114-125. ``This article . . . proposes the formation of an Arab-Israeli `security community,' the main function of which would be to provide Israel and its immediate Arab neighbours with the means to manage military, political and strategic relations on a cooperative basis.'' Kaslow, Amy. Prospects for aid to Middle Eastern ``have-not'' states. Middle East insight, v. 8, July-Aug. 1991: 42-44. ``The Arab poor who believed Iraq's invasion of Kuwait would help redress regional economic imbalances now face a bitter postwar irony: the great divide between the Middle Eastern haves and have-nots will only widen in the coming decade. Oil-rich Gulf states, which have had to bear enormous costs of waging war and reconstruction, have little money and even less incentive to aid the development of their poor neighbors.'' Katz, Yossi. The re-emergence of Jerusalem: new Zionist approaches in attaining political goals prior to the First World War. Political geography, v. 14, Apr. 1995: 279-293. ``From 1911 onwards . . . the Zionist bodies decided to employ new methods in order to obtain political objectives . . . . Emphasis was transposed from territorial conquest to alternative methods: demographic conquest, increasing national prestige and cultural conquest.'' Kechichian, Joseph A. Political dynamics and security in the Arabian Peninsula through the 1990s. Santa Monica, Calif., Rand Corporation, 1993. 125 p. (Rand MR-167-AF/A) ``This report identifies and analyzes the political dynamics of the Arabian Peninsula in the 1990s in the aftermath of the 1991 war with Iraq. It examines the current status of Iraq and the six conservative Arab Gulf monarchies (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) and highlights points of vulnerability in each state.'' ----- Security efforts in the Arab world: a brief examination of four regional organizations. Santa Monica, Calif., Rand Corporation, 1994. 25 p. (A Rand Note; N-3570-USDP) ``This Note offers a brief examination of four regional organizations' security efforts in and around the Persian Gulf, and evaluates their historical records: The Arab League, the Central Treaty Organization, the Gulf Cooperation Council, and the Arab Cooperation Council.'' Kelman, Herbert C. Acknowledging the other's nationhood: how to create a momentum for the Israeli-Palestinian negotiations. Journal of Palestine studies, v. 21, autumn 1992: 18-38. ``In this article, which focuses on the Israeli-Palestinian component of the negotiations, I argue that creating momentum requires a commitment. This commitment might take the form of mutual acknowledgement of each other's nationhood without threatening the vital interests of the party offering the acknowledgment.'' Kemp, Geoffrey. Forever enemies? American policy & the Islamic Republic of Iran. Washington, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1994. 144 p. Contents.--U.S. policy and the Iranian challenge.--The roots of American-Iranian enmity.--Iran's domestic problems.--Iran and its neighbors.--How dangerous is Iran?--Iranian human rights abuses. ----- Israel on trial. Foreign policy, no. 92, fall 1993: 168-173. Reviews the recent work, Passionate Attachment: America's Involvement with Israel, 1947 to the present by George W. Ball and Douglas B. Ball. The authors of the book ``contend that American interests and principles have been compromised, and a fair and lasting Middle East peace remains as elusive as ever.'' Kemp, Geoffrey. Stahl, Shelley A. The control of the Middle East arms race. [Washington], Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, c1991. 232 p. JX1974.K44 1991 Kershner, Isabel. Sawicki, Tom. The battle for Jerusalem. Jerusalem report, v. 5, July 28, 1994: 11-14, 16. ``Israel insists on full sovereignty in all of Jerusalem; the Palestinians want the eastern half as their capital. The demands seem-irreconcilable. But behind the scenes, ideas for compromise are being formulated by both sides.'' Khalidi, A. S. Points of tension in the new Israeli-Palestinian nexus. RUSI (Journal of Royal Services Institute for Defense Studies), v. 139, June 1994: 51-55. ``The recent 'Declaration of Principles' between Israel and the Palestinians is only the beginning of challenging times ahead. Here Ahmad Khalidi argues that these must be met with more flexible diplomacy than hitherto, which appreciates all the concerns of those involved. He identifies, and expands upon, three key areas of tension in the region, and the crucial factor of the division of authority and control during this difficult interim-phase. The author concludes with the insistence that fundamental behavior and attitudes themselves must alter, if the peace accord is not to become little more than a redundant scrap of paper.'' Kienle, Eberhard. Arab unity schemes revisited: interest, identity, and policy in Syria and Egypt. International journal of Middle East studies, v. 27, Feb. 1995: 53-71. ``From the day in April 1946 when the last French soldiers left and Syrians were finally able to run their own affairs, their policies toward other Arabs have differed significantly, although decreasingly over the years, from the policies pursued by Egyptians. Within their country, Syrian legislators used to privilege Arab over non-Arab foreigners in various respects, including the investment of capital as well as the acquisition of citizenship and political rights, while fewer, if any, advantages of this sort were granted in Egypt. Such differences in the treatment of noncitizen Arabs at home have been paralleled by different policies toward other Arab states.'' Kissinger, Henry. If not peace, at least progress. Washington post, Oct. 31, 1991: A21. Contends that the following issues must be addressed in order to provide a foundation for peace in the Middle East. ``(a) What territorial concession is compatible with Israeli security and Israel's cohesion as a state? (b) What concrete reciprocal concessions, what content for peace, should be the contribution of the Arab side? (c) Is it possible to define a status for Jerusalem that combines Israel's insistence on a unified city with for Muslim religious and historical sensibilities? (d) Should the process aim at some comprehensive agreement or at a series of interim steps?'' Kober, Avi. Deterrence, early warning and strategic decision: the Israeli security conception in the wake of the Gulf War. Contemporary security policy, v. 15, Dec. 1994: 228-250. ``This article focuses on the appraisal forced by the Gulf War on Israel's traditional security conception. It seeks, to establish an awareness of the severe strategic challenges that Israel might face should the peace process be impaired.'' Lawson, Fred H. Domestic transformation and foreign steadfastness in contemporary Syria. Middle East journal, v. 48, winter 1994: 47-64. ``Current trends in Syria's internal political-economic affairs are on the whole unlikely to generate fundamental reversals in the al-Asad regime's domestic and foreign policies.'' Lederman, Jim. Economics of the Arab-Israeli peace process. Orbis, v. 4, fall 1995: 549-566. Discusses economic reasons for negotiating peace in the Middle East. Lesch, Ann Mosely. Transition to Palestinian self-government. Journal of Palestine studies, v. 22, spring 1993: 46-56. Identifies three areas of agreement which will be necessary for successful Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Levran, Aharon. Shiyyab, Mohammad K. Constable, Peter D. A joint paper on Jordanian-Israeli issues of security and political settlement. Washington, Search for Common Ground, [c1994] 18 p. (The Initiative papers; no. 4) DS119.8.J67L48 1994 Lewis, Bernard. Rethinking the Middle East. Foreign affairs, v. 71, fall 1992: 99-119. ``By now it is becoming increasingly clear that there are indeed many changes in the Middle East, and that while these vary considerably in their scope, scale and range, few things and few participants remain as they were before.'' Lorenz, Joseph P. Egypt and the Arabs: foreign policy and the search for national identity. Boulder, Westview Press, 1990. 184 p. DS63.2.E3L66 1990 ----- Egypt and the new Arab coalition. Washington, Institute for National Strategic studies, 1989. 26 p. (McNair papers no. 1) The Arab countries convene periodic summits. ``This past year, in Amman and then in Algiers, two summits were held that illuminate the changes in attitudes and power relationships that have taken place in the Arab world since Camp David . . . . The solid front shown to Iran, Egypt's return to a position of Arab centrality, and the support pledged to the Palestinian uprising. Their longer term significance lies in the emergence of a new dynamic in inter-Arab relations: on all of the controversial issues, a new, centrist Arab coalition dominated the decisionmaking process. The appearance of this coalition raises a number of questions.'' Lowi, Miriam R. Water and power: the politics of a scarce resource in the Jordan River basin. Cambridge [England]; New York, Cambridge University Press, 1993. xix, 291 p. (Cambridge Middle East library; 31) HD1698.M53L69 1993 Lustick, Ian S. Reinventing Jerusalem. Foreign policy, no. 93, winter 1993-94: 41-59. Contends that ``the official Israeli refrain that `united Jerusalem' shall forever remain under Israeli sovereignty is no more likely to withstand the political logic of peace than were portrayals of an inseparable Gaza or descriptions of the West Bank as the Israeli provinces of `Judea and Samaria.''' Maksoud, Clovis. Peace process or puppet show? Foreign policy, no. 100, fall 1995: 117-124. ``The starting point for erecting a structure of durable peace in the whole Middle East is for Israel and the United States to recognize unequivocally that the Palestinians are a people with the inalienable right to self-determination. Accordingly, Israel must negotiate in good faith and straightforwardly with the PLO over nothing less than the terms of its withdrawal from the occupied territories and the modalities of Palestinian sovereignty. Equitable resolutions to the issues of Jerusalem, the refugees, and the settlements would then be not difficult to achieve.'' Malik, Shahin P. Saddam Hussein: survivalist or opportunist? Strategic studies, v. 16, summer 1994: 59-83. ``This article contends that the action taken against Iraq, rather than being a consequence of the invasion represents the culmination of various factors and events played out during the turbulent decade beginning with the Iranian Revolution . . . . The Iranian Revolution and the subsequent Iran-Iraq war can be perceived as being at the start of a chain of events which eventually led to the second Gulf War.'' Mansour, Camille. The Palestinian-Israeli peace negotiations: an overview and assessment. Journal of Palestinian studies, v. 22, spring 1993: 5-31. Advisor to the Palestinian delegation at the peace talks assesses the outcomes of the Oct.-Nov. 1991 Madrid conference. Mansur, Kamil. Beyond alliance: Israel in U.S. foreign policy. Translated from the French by James A. Cohen. New York, Columbia University Press, c1994. 324 p. (The Institute for Palestine Studies series) E183.8.I7 M34 1994 Marr, Phoebe. Egypt's regional role. Washington, National Defense University, Institute for National Strategic Studies, for sale by the Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1995. 4 p. (Strategic forum, no. 24, Apr. 1995) ``Economic reform will be the key to Egypt's future regional role; Egypt needs to restructure its economy to underpin its geostrategic position . . . . Expects to exercise substantial influence as a core country, linking various sub-regions, such as the Levant, the Maghreb and the Gulf.'' Mattair, Thomas R. The Arab-Israeli conflict: bilateral diplomacy, regional violence, and the Moscow conference. Middle East policy, v. 1, no. 1, 1992: 55-84. ``Several weeks after the Madrid conference and the initial bilateral talks that followed, the United States and the Soviet Union invited all of the relevant parties to resume the bilateral talks in Washington, D.C. on December 4, 1991. This invitation was extended after the administration concluded that the parties themselves would not reach any agreement on a venue for the continuation of these talks and that United States intervention would be necessary . . . . Even when the Palestinians were not present at the Moscow conference because of their failed attempt to change the procedural rules of their participation, the Arab states made it clear that progress in negotiations on regional cooperation would depend on progress in these bilateral negotiations over territory and peace.'' ----- The Arab Israeli conflict: from Shamir to Rabin to peace? Middle East policy, v. 1, 1992: 118-154. McLaurin, Ronald. An interview with Ambassador Walid Al-Moualem: Syrian delegation to the peace talks. Middle East insight, v. 9, Nov.-Dec. 1992: 19-21. In this interview, changes in U.S. Syrian relations are discussed as well as the peace negotiations. The Middle East. Current history, v. 4, Jan. 1995: whole issue (47 p.) Contents.--The challenge of inclusion in the Middle East, by Augustus Richard Norton.--Islam and democracy: the Turkish experience, by Jenny B. White.--Political Islam in Algeria: the nonviolent dimension, by John P. Entelis.--The business of political change in Egypt, by Caryle Murphy.--Arafat's dilemma, by Muhammad Muslih.--Rabin and Arafat: alone, together, by Mark A. Heller.--Civil war in Yemen: the price of unity? by Chuck Schmitz.--Afghanistan's civil war, by Gilles Dorronsoro. The Middle East: new defence and security issues. RUSI (Journal of Royal Services Institute for Defense Studies), v. 139, June 1994: 38. Examines issues affecting Middle East security. ``The end of the Cold War and demise of the Soviet Union has transformed the strategic landscape of the Middle East. As demonstrated in the 1991 Gulf War and the subsequent initiation of a new Arab-Israeli peace process, the United States now holds an unrivalled position in the region. The most potent danger to stability and security, meanwhile, no longer emanates from the confrontation between Israel and neighbouring Arab states or Superpower rivalry. Instead, the primary threat to peace stems from power struggles within states and challenges to the legitimacy of existing regimes and national boundaries.'' The Middle East: what is our long-term vision? Middle East policy, v. 3, no. 3, 1994: 1-19. ``An edited version of a discussion held by the Middle East Policy Council on September 23, 1994.'' Middle Eastern security: prospects for an arms control regime. Edited by Efraim Inbar and Shmuel Sandler. Portland, Or., Frank Cass, 1995. 199 p. JX1974.M484 1995 ``This group of studies first appeared in a special issue on `Middle Eastern security: prospects for an arms control regime' in Contemporary security policy, vol. 16, no. 1.'' Miller, Judith. Syria's game: put on a Western face. New York times magazine, Jan. 26, 1992: 12-20, 49. ``Assad's dazzling shifts in foreign policy reflect a dexterity that Arab and Western diplomats alike admire.'' Morris, Mary E. The persistence of external interest in the Middle East. Santa Monica, Calif., Rand Corporation, 1993. 92 p. (MR-318-DAG) Contents.--Introduction: the seamless web.--Old problems and new issues: the Middle East as an arena for outside interests.-- Potential international rivalries: Europe.--Japan's increasing interests in the Middle East.--The United States as a major player.--Continuing international interest in the Middle East: implications for the future.--Implications for U.S. policy. ----- The price of Middle East peace. Santa Monica, Calif., Rand Corporation, 1993. 11 p. (Rand/P-7842) ``The price of true peace in the Middle East will be the reconfiguration of political ambitions and objectives and the restructuring of both economies and societies. For some regimes, this will be a high price indeed.'' Muslih, Muhammad. Arafat's dilemma. Current history, v. 94, Jan. 1995: 23-27. ``Questions about the viability of Palestinian self-rule have become for many one question: what about Hamas? . . . . Hamas leaders want positions of powers in the Palestine National Authority. And there is ample room for their inclusion . . . once recognized as legitimate players, they will develop a vested interest in stabilizing the situation in the West Bank and Gaza. ----- Dateline Damascus: Asad is ready. Foreign policy, no. 96, fall 1994: 145-163. Discusses Israeli-Syrian peace negotiations. ----- The Golan: Israel, Syria, and strategic calculations. Contemporary Southeast Asia, v. 15, Sept. 1993: 611-632. ``The territorial dispute between Israel and Syria has its own dynamic . . . . Embracing the proposition that Syria's repossession of the Golan would, by itself, lead to peace and normalization should be tempered by an appreciation of the basic ethos of Syria and its perception of its regional role.'' Nader, George A. Imagining peace with Syria. Middle East insight, v. 11, Nov.-Dec. 1994: 10-13. ``Changes show the country and regime are prepared for peace.'' ----- Israeli Prime Minister calls for "an era of peace" in the Middle East. Middle East insight, v. 10, Nov.-Dec. 1993: 14-20. Reports on an address by Prime Minister Rabin to an audience ``comprised largely of Arab and Arab-American diplomats, business executives, scholars and members of the press.'' Rabin discussed the prospects for peace in the Middle East. Nakhleh, Emile A. Palestinians and Israelis: options for coexistence. Journal of Palestine studies, v. 22, winter 1993: 5-16. ``In assessing the options, their feasibility, and their acceptability to the parties involved, focus will be on such aspects as economic viability, foreign relations and security issues, the prospects for internal stability, the political system, and the status of Jerusalem.'' Navias, Martin. Proliferation in the Middle East and the North Asian connection. Arms control, v. 14, Dec. 1993: 287-310. ``China and North Korea, have over the past few years emerged as the major suppliers of non-conventional weapons technologies and ballistic missiles to the Middle East.'' Ne'eman, Yuval. How to save `the peace process.' Global affairs, v. 7, fall 1992: 74-88. Argues that a ``pragmatic approach to the Arab refugee problem could be a key to a real `peace process.' Meanwhile, the situation and rights of the Palestinian Arabs in Jordan might clarify the status of the country as a Palestinian State and thereby remove some of the pressure on Judea and Samaria. This could open a path leading to solutions compatible with Israel's security.'' Neff, Donald. Fallen pillars: U.S. policy towards Palestine and Israel since 1945. Washington, Institute for Palestine Studies, c1995. 350 p. E183.8.P19 N43 1995 ----- Jerusalem in U.S. policy. Journal of Palestine studies, v. 23, autumn 1993: 20-45. ``United States policy on Jerusalem has been marked by a series of retreats over nearly a half-century. The original U.S. position of 1947 that Jerusalem was a corpus separatum . . . was quickly diluted to a formula calling for `limited' internationalization.'' Nejad, Hassan Mahamadi. Middle East--building a community of nations. Bulletin of peace proposals, v. 23, June 1992: 159-167. ``The purpose of this paper is to explicate briefly the underlying conditions and to suggest certain policy choices and proposals which, if adopted, should greatly reduce political violence and foster `positive peace' and development in the Middle East.'' Neumann, Robert G. 1992--a year of stalemate in the peace process? Middle East policy, v. 1, no. 2, 1992: 47-56. Argues that the ``history of American-Israeli relations has shown, despite impressions to the contrary, a high degree of consistency. U.S. policy has changed in intensity as events on the ground dictated. But it has never wavered from the view that Arab- Israeli peace lies in the U.S. national interest as well as in the interests of the parties. And it has never wavered from the concept that it cannot be achieved without an eventual territorial compromise. This makes it highly likely that even a future Democratic administration, were one to take power, would eventually return to that main line, as have all its predecessors.'' Nisan, Mordechai. The old order reborn: America and the Middle East. Global affairs, v. 7, winter 1992: 110-131. Considers ``the historical context of a new order in the Middle East, the record of U.S. policy in the region, and the implicit assumptions underlying hopes for a thorough transformation and resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict.'' Norton, Augustus Richard. Schwedler, Jillian. (In)security zones in South Lebanon. Journal of Palestine studies, v. 23, autumn 1993: 61-79. ``The region, which borders Israel to the south and Syria to the east, has been for more than two decades a virtual battlefield where the inhabitants have been punished dearly for the accident of living in the crossfire between Israeli and Palestinian guns.'' Norton, Augustus Richard. Wright, Robin. The post-peace crisis in the Middle East. Survival, v. 36, winter 1994-95: 7-20. ``The ongoing Middle East peace process, the phased settlement of the Arab-Israeli dispute over the next few years will not end turmoil in the region. Rather, it will pose a more complex and potentially longer and more troublesome challenge . . . . The next phase of Middle East upheaval will mainly occur within countries, often pitting societies against their governments.'' Owen, Roger. A new post-Cold War system? The Middle East in a realigned world. Middle East report, no. 184, Sept.-Oct. 1993: 2-6. ``The Arab states must negotiate their relations with the rest of the world in a way that makes best use of their substantial resources--oil and gas, proximity to Europe, and growing numbers of university graduates.'' The Palestinian future: three views. Foreign affairs, v. 73, July-Aug. 1994: 2-15. Contents.--The urge for democracy, by William B. Quandt.-- Arafat's police state, by Amos Perlmutter.--Sidestepping dependency, by Shlomo Avineri. Palestinians: PLO warns against spreading internecine violence. FBIS trends, Oct. 27, 1993: 6-8. ``Clearly alarmed over the recent murders of mainstream Palestinian activists in the occupied territories, the PLO has delivered an unusually blunt and candid warning to Palestinians that such internecine violence--which appears to have been the result of feuding among mainstream Palestinians rather than rejectionist opposition--threatens the successful implementation of the framework agreement with Israel.'' Parsons, Anthony. Prospects for peace and stability in the Middle East. London, Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism, 1993. 29 p. (Conflict studies 262) ``Sir Anthony Parsons, a former ambassador in Iran . . . throws a clear light on the history of the Middle East turmoil, gives an authoritative assessment of present problems and looks forward with measured optimism to a more stable and peaceful future.'' ----- Prospects for peace in the Middle East. London, David Davies Memorial Institute, 1993. 9 p. (Occasional paper no. 1, January 1993) The Peace talks. DOMES (Digest of Middle East studies), v. 1, spring 1992: 1-37. Contents.--A view from Israel: protagonists and antagonists of change, by I. Pappe.--A view from Palestine: an interview with three senior delegates, by M. Aman.--Ambassador of Israel: peace for peace, by A. Clarke.--Palestinian interim self-government arrangements (PISGA): concepts, preliminary measures, and elections modalities.--Rational fears, irrational defenses: psychological obstacles to peace, by D. Oliensis.--A view from Jordan: an interview with a senior delegate, by M. Aman. Peck, Matthew. US economic aid to Egypt: political leverage and economic aid. World outlook, no. 15, fall 1992: 111-141. US foreign aid policy towards Egypt can be seen historically as a combination of the realist and rationalist approaches to international politics.'' Pelletiere, Stephen C. Assad and the peace process: the pivotal role of Lebanon. Carlisle Barracks, Pa., Strategic Studies Institute, Army War College, 1995. 46 p. ``The author examines the current status of peace negotiations between Syria and Israel, and concludes that Syria's position is more formidable than is generally believed. The study explains why this is so and offers recommendations concerning U.S. policymakers' approach to this situation.'' Phillips, James A. Beyond the Israeli-PLO Peace Agreement: the U.S. role in consolidating peace. Washington, Heritage Foundation, 1993. 14 p. (Backgrounder no. 963) ``A successful peace accord between Israel and the PLO would remove one of the leading causes of instability in the region, Phillips says. Ultimately, the accord could lead to a realignment of Middle East powers that would allow the United States, Israel and moderate Arab states to form a coalition against the chief cause of unrest in the region: radical Islamic fundamentalism, he says. But the current `peace agreement' is at best a shaky foundation for a Middle East peace . . . . Thus . . . the United States must insist on a hardheaded stance toward Arafat, and ensure that Israel remains a strong and effective deterrent to radical Islamic states hostile toward the United States.'' ----- The changing face of Middle Eastern terrorism. Washington, Heritage Foundation, 1994. 10 p. (Backgrounder no. 1005) ```Washington has failed to mount a credible effort to stem the tide of terrorism' despite clear evidence that `the United States and its citizens have been the world's foremost targets of international terrorism in recent years,''' argues the author. ----- The Saddamization of Iran: is Tehran our next big enemy? Policy review, no. 69, summer 1994: 6-13. ``In the short run, Iran poses more of an ideological, subversive, and terrorist threat than a military threat to America and its Middle Eastern allies. In the long run, however, Iran's military buildup--particularly its development programs for nuclear, chemical, biological,and missile weaponry--will pose an increasingly grave challenge to security of American forces and allies in the region.'' Pipes, Daniel. There are no moderates: dealing with fundamentalist Islam. National interest, no. 41, fall 1995: 48-57. Considers recent developments in the Middle East, indicate that ``Arab-Israeli issues remain formally the main item on the agenda but fundamentalist violence has become the greatest worry of nearly every government in the region.'' Pipes, Daniel. Peretz, Martin. Bush, Clinton & the Jews: a debate. Commentary, v. 94, Oct. 1992: 15-23. ``Having in previous years been almost entirely committed to the Democratic camp, Jews in 1972 began voting in relatively substantial numbers (between 30 and 40 percent) for Republican presidential candidates. In 1992, however, the Jewish vote for George Bush is widely expected to fall from this level, and perhaps even to resume its pre-1972 pattern of overwhelming support for the Democratic candidate. The main reason is that the President and former Secretary of State James A. Baker 3d are perceived by many Jews as hostile to Israel. According to Daniel Pipes, director of the Foreign Policy Research Institute and its Middle East Council, this perception is belied by the actual record of the Bush administration, while a Clinton administration is in his judgment likely to fall under the influence of forces truly hostile to Israel. On the contrary, says Martin Peretz, editor-in-chief of the New Republic, the perception of hostility to Israel is fully justified by the Bush administration's record; he expects an administration headed by Bill Clinton and Al Gore to be as friendly to Israel as Israel's most ardent friends could wish.'' Pipes, Daniel. Damascus courts the West: Syrian politics, 1989-1991. Washington, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, c1991. 84 p. (Policy papers no. 26) Contents.--Politics in Syria.--Soviet retreat and the Kuwait crisis.--Conflict with Israel.--Assad's freedom of maneuver.--U.S. policy. Podhoretz, Norman. America and Israel: an ominous change. Commentary, v. 93, Jan. 1992: 21-25. ``Has there been a change in American policy toward Israel since the Bush administration took office?'' Presley, John R. Sessions, John G. Islamic economics: the emergence of a new paradigm. Economic journal, v. 104, May 1994: 584-506. ``We illustrate the potential impact of the Islamic doctrine on western economic relationships by focusing on the prohibition of interest (riba) in Islamic economics. We show that the alternative method of financier remuneration (i.e. mudarabah profit-and-loss sharing) will, under certain conditions, enhance capital investment on account of its ability to act as an efficient revelation device.'' Prostermann, Roy L. Hanstad, Timothy. Egyptian development and U.S. Aid: a 25-year perspective. Seattle, Rural Development Institute, 1992. 49 p. (RDI monographs on foreign aid and development no. 9) Contents.--Grassroots development progress since 1979.--Some persisting development issues for Egypt.--The U.S. AID program: a quantitative assessment.--The U.S. AID program: a qualitative assessment.--A perspective for the next 10 years. Quandt, William B. After the Israeli-PLO breakthrough: next steps for the United States. Brookings review, v. 12, winter 1994: 28-31. Contends that for peace to succeed in the Middle East, ``the United States will have to remain engaged. But it will not have to impose a design of its own making. The parties to the conflict will be the architects, but will need help in translating words on paper into new relationships.'' Quandt, William B. Peace process: American diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli conflict since 1967. Washington, Brookings Institution; Berkeley, University of California Press, c1993. 612 p. DS119.7.Q69 1993 Rabin, Yitzhak. Israel and Jordan. Vital speeches of the day, v. 60, Aug. 15, 1994: 644-645. Remarks by Prime Minister of Israel before a Joint Session of the U.S. Congress on July 26, 1994. Discusses the special relationship between Israel and Jordan. Ranstorp, Magnus. Hezbollah's future?--part 2. Jane's intelligence review, v. 7, Feb. 1995: 81-83. ``The issue for Hezbollah is not how it will respond but how it will survive without its most fundamental pan-Islamic premise, the liberation of Jerusalem.'' Rathmell, Andrew. Iraq: the endgame? Jane's intelligence review, v. 7, May 1995: 225-228. ``This year is going to be crucial for Iraq . . . . For the regime, the finishing line is the lifting of sanctions, while for the opposition the aim is to topple Saddam . . . . The regime is showing signs of crumbling from within. The vital question is whether these cracks can be exploited before Iraq's oil again begins to flow.'' Rodman, Peter W. Feith, Douglas F. Policing the Golan? National interest, no. 38, winter 1994-1995: 51-55. Rodman argues in favor of a U.S. note in the Israeli Syrian agreement over Golan Heights. Feith opposes this. Rose, Thomas A. Surviving the scuds, fearing the fallout. Global affairs, v. 6, fall 1991: 123-135. Concludes ``Israel faces more national security threats than any country in the world. Ironically, one of the most dangerous is Israel's increasing dependence on its best friend. Free of this dependence, Israel would do far more than survive: Israel would flourish.'' Rubin, Barry. The new Middle East: opportunities and risks. Ramat Gan, Israel, Besa Center for Strategic Studies, Bar-Ilan University, 1995. 77 p. (Security and policy studies no. 19) Examines the impact of changes in the Middle East on the region as a whole and ``on the Arab world-including Iran's role on that state system--and then Israel's new situation in the region. Part two examines the evolving interest and policies of the United States as the new system's patron and guarantor.'' Saar, Edward. The West Bank and military technology. Global affairs, v. 5, summer-fall 1990: 146-169. ``The confrontation in the Middle East is markedly asymmetrical. Israel, with a population of 4 million and a very limited resource base . . . . The Arab countries most directly involved in the conflict have a combined estimated population of 80 to 100 million, territorial depth, and resources . . . . The factors that ought to dominate deliberations on Mideast peace yet are the local topography and Israel's need for strategic depth . . . the capacities of modern weapons systems and their terrain requirements. Modern technology must also become an essential element in deliberations.'' Said Aly, Abdel Monem. The road to Oslo and beyond: prospects for an Arab-Israeli peace. Security dialogue, v. 25,Mar. 1994: 37-50. ``This article analyses the road to the Oslo agreement, discussing the challenges to the Arab-Israeli settlement and the prospects for peace.'' Said, Edward W. Ignoble prize. Progressive, v. 58, Dec. 1994: 18-20. Former member of the Palestine National Committee evaluates the Middle East peace process. ``The Israelis parade themselves in Western capitals as visionary men of peace, complimented by Bill Clinton and Francois Mitterrand, honored with even more unconditionally given American money, more than $6 billion during the past year alone. Left to pay teachers' salaries, hospital expenses, and those of the tiny Palestinian police force, Arafat must go from place to place begging for a little more money (although he has managed to set up an expensive intelligence operation for himself with at least six and possibly seven branches all spying on each other).'' Sandler, Shmuel. Middle Eastern security: prospects for an arms control regime. Contemporary security policy, v. 16, Apr. 1995: whole issue (194 p.) Partial contents.--The global environment.--The international agenda.--The regional context.--Documents. Sarkees, Meredith Reid. Zunes, Stephen. Disenchantment with the `new world order': Syria's relations with the United States. International journal, v. 49, spring 1994: 355-377. ``Syria's decision to co-operate in the coalition against Iraq entailed numerous costs, yet it was made with the expectation of certain benefits, most of which related to an anticipated improvement in relations with the United States. The failure of many of these benefits to materialize is leading to disillusionment within Syria with President Hafiz al-Assad's policy of co-operating with the West. Many Syrians now feel that the value of their co-operation has not been recognized or even that they have been betrayed by the United States--feelings which may delay further political and economic reforms in Syria and may also strengthen the influence of both secular and religious hard-liners.'' Satloff, Robert. The path to peace. Foreign policy, no. 100, fall 1995: 109-115. ``As the fate of the 1983 peace accord between Israel and Lebanon shows, the peace process is neither irreversible nor irrevocable. The post-Gulf war successes of Madrid, Oslo, Wadi al 'Arabah, et al., were made possible by the historic confluence of American dominance, Soviet irrelevance, Israeli strength, Palestinian disillusionment, and a general sense of realism and pragmatism that took hold in the Arab world. As those ingredients shift, the process changes, and the ability of those achievements to survive future tests, such as succession crises, will change, too.'' Sheleff, Leon. Maoz, Asher. On the legal status of the Golan Heights: application of Israeli law or annexation? Brooklyn journal of international law, v. 20, 1994: 332-396. ``In the context of the current peace negotiations between Israel and Syria, Israel is being asked to ultimately withdraw from all or part of the Golan. The implications of the Golan Heights Law thus come to the fore. Did the law bring about the annexation of the Golan Heights to Israel? If so, is the Israeli government authorized to withdraw from the Golan Heights without further legislation? Opposing views are expressed by Professors Leon Sheleff and Asher Maoz of the Tel Aviv University Faculty of Law.'' Shirley, Edward G. The Iran policy trap. Foreign policy, no. 96, fall 1994: 75-93. Examines U.S. policy toward Iran and contends that ``the U.S. case against Iran is not sufficiently rigorous to override the economic calculations of the European Union and Japan.'' Shlaim, Avi. Prelude to the accord: Likud, labor, and the Palestinians. Journal of Palestine studies, v. 23, winter 1994: 5-19. ``The mutual recognition between Israel and the PLO and the Declaration of Principles on Palestinian self-government in Gaza and Jericho, signed in Washington on 13 September 1993, mark a historic breakthrough in the century-old conflict over Palestine . . . . The aim of this article is to compare and contrast the policies of the Likud bloc and of the Labor party toward the peace talks with the Palestinians that got under way at the Madrid conference of October 1991.'' Slater, Jerome. The superpowers and an Arab-Israeli political settlement: the Cold War years. Political science quarterly, v. 105, winter 1990-91: 557-577. ``From about 1950 until the end of the cold war in the late 1980s the Arab-Israeli conflict became entangled in the global rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union . . . . The argument of this article is that American policy was based on misperceptions about Soviet interests, objectives, and behavior . . . . As a result of these misperceptions opportunities to reach a comprehensive settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict were squandered.'' Solingen, Etel. The domestic sources of regional regimes: the evolution of nuclear ambiguity in the Middle East. International studies quarterly, v. 38, June 1994: 305-337. ``The absence of a nuclear regime in the Middle East and the likely paths which may lead to one in the future. I identify four possible stylized outcomes: overt deterrence, regional `opaqueness,' controlled proliferation, and a nuclear-weapons- free-zone.'' The Soviets, their successors and the Middle East: turning point. Edited by Rosemary Hollis. New York, St. Martin's Press, 1993. 206 p. DK68.5.S68 1993 Steinberg, Gerald M. Israel ponders defense stance in light of peace process. International defense review, v. 27, Jan. 1994: 19-22. ``Significant changes in Israeli strategy are on the way, but the long-range deterrent is likely to stay.'' ----- Israeli arms control policy: cautious realism. Journal of strategic studies, v. 17, June 1994: 1-16. ``From the Israeli perspective, the Middle East continues to be highly unstable, and the Jewish state has many potential enemies from Algeria to Iran. A significant reduction in the Israeli deterrent could quickly lead to an increase in the military threat and in the probability of a major war in the region. In the Middle East, war is still seen as a primary instrument of policy, and for many states, such as Iraq, Libya, or Iran, limitations and global regimes are marginal obstacles to be overcome, or are simply ignored.'' ----- Israeli security and the peace process. Security dialogue, v. 25, Mar. 1994: 51-62. ``The peace process will result in significant changes in Israeli strategy and policies, but the specific nature of these changes depends directly on the details of the agreements . . . . In terms of Israeli security policies and perspectives, the ongoing negotiations provide both opportunities and potential risks.'' ----- Middle East arms control and regional security. Survival, v. 36, spring 1994: 126-141. ``In this article, the policies of the major actors will be analysed and the basis for developing confidence-building and arms- control measures in the Middle East will be explored in detail.'' Stenhouse, Mark. The Middle East peace process a false dawn or a new era? International defense review, 1995: 98-102. ``While the historic Palestinian-Israeli agreements have raised expectations that a comprehensive regional peace settlement can be achieved, the Middle East remains beset by a multiplicity of problems. The inequitable distribution of wealth between the oil exporting and non-oil exporting states is an enduring source of tension. A number of authoritarian regimes are now faced with growing public disillusionment, often manifesting itself in support for increasingly powerful Islamic movements, as they struggle to cope with mounting social and economic problems.'' Stork, Joe. Doumani, Beshara. After Oslo. Middle East report, v. 26, Jan.-Feb. 1994: 2-4, 26. Contends that ``the Oslo deal appears to resolve certain long- standing contradictions, but at the price of creating new ones.'' Supporting peace: America's role in an Israel-Syria peace agreement; report. Washington, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1994. 87 p. ``The United States recognized that an Israel-Syria peace agreement would present a moment of challenge and opportunity--the challenge of helping to affirm an historic reconciliation between bitter enemies and the opportunity to build on newfound common interests in regional security. That the United States would play a large role in supporting an Israel-Syria peace agreement has been clear from the beginning of negotiations. Exactly what sort of role the United States should play, however, has been an issue of some debate.'' Survey of peacekeeping operations in the Middle East and Europe: report of a staff study mission to Kuwait, Cyprus, Egypt, Austria, and Belgium, January 8-26, 1994 to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, U.S. House of Representatives. Washington, For sale by the Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, 1994. 27 p. UA646.3.S834 1994 At head of title: 103d Congress, 2d session. Committee print. Symposium on dual containment: U.S. policy toward Iran and Iraq. Middle East policy, v. 3, no. 1, 1994: 1-26. ``An edited version of a symposium sponsored by the Middle East Policy Council on February 24, 1994, in the Russell Senate Office Building in Washington, D.C. George McGovern, president of the Council, moderated the panel.'' Telhami, Shibley. Israeli foreign policy: a static strategy in a changing world. Middle East journal, v. 44, summer 1990: 399-416. ``This article will trace the broad Israeli strategy, which dates back to the early days of statehood, in the context of which Israeli relations in the region and with the United States can best be understood.'' U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Middle East peace and other vital interests. Hearing, 103d Congress, 2nd session. July 28, 1994. Washington, G.P.O., 1994. 47 p. Testimony from Secretary of State Warren Christopher. U.S. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East. Developments in the Middle East June 1994. Hearing, 103d Congress, 2nd session. June 14, 1994. Washington, G.P.O., 1994. 90 p. Witness at this hearing is Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, Robert H. Pelletreaw. ----- Developments in the Middle East March 1994. Hearing and markup of H. Con. Res. 124., 103d Congress, 2nd session. Mar. 1, 1994. Washington, G.P.O., 1994. 71 p. ``The massacre in Hebron . . . and the implications for the peace process; U.S. policy in region [and] U.S. policy toward Iraq and Iran, the assistance programs in the West Bank and Gaza, and the current situation in Egypt.'' ----- Developments in the Middle East October 1994. Hearing, 103d Congress, 2d session. Oct. 4, 1994. Washington, G.P.O., 1994. 147 p. ``The progress of the peace talks between Israel and Syria, the status of Israeli-Palestinian efforts to implement, . . . the move toward Palestinian elections; Israeli-Jordanian efforts to achieve a peace treaty; the status of the Arab boycott; the status of U.N. sanctions against Iraq; The U.N. Special Commission on Iraq; and our U.S. policy toward Iran and Egypt.'' U.S. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Middle East overview and U.S. assistance to the Palestinians. Hearing, 104th Congress, 1st session. Apr. 6, 1995. Washington, G.P.O., 1995. 73 p. ``The progress in the Middle East peace process, sanctions against Iraq, and the status of our policies toward Iran . . . [and] U.S. assistance to the Palestinians.'' U.S. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs. U.S. assistance programs in the Middle East. Hearing, 104th Congress, 1st session. May 11, 1995. Washington, G.P.O., 1995. 123 p. (Hearing, Senate, 104th Congress, 1st session, S. Hr. 104-120) ``The purpose of our hearing today is not only to review these important programs, but to evaluate them, to see what kind of improvements and what kind of adjustments can be made.'' U.S. General Accounting Office. Israel: U.S. loan guaranties for immigrant absorption. Feb. 12, 1992. Washington, G.A.O., 1992. 42 p. ``GAO/NSIAD-92-119, B-247481'' ``The $400 million housing loan guaranty program authorized for Israel in May 1990 and . . . the effect on Israel's debt burden of the U.S. government's granting the additional $10 billion in loan guaranties that Israel requested in September 1991.'' ----- Jordan: suspension of U.S. military assistance during Gulf crisis; report to congressional requesters. Sept. 25, 1992. Washington, G.A.O., 1992. ``GAO/NSIAD-92-343, B-250506'' ``Delivery of defense articles to Jordan under the security assistance program from August 1, 1990, through August 1, 1991.'' ----- Military aid to Egypt: tank coproduction raised costs and may not meet many program goals; report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives. July 27, 1993. Washington, G.A.O., 1993. 26 p. ``GAO/NSIAD-93-203, B-253412'' ``The benefits and costs of the M1A1 tank coproduction program in Egypt.'' U.S. President (1993- : Clinton) Developments concerning the national emergency with respect to organizations that threaten to disrupt the Middle East peace process; message from the President of the United States transmitting a report on actions and expenses directly related to the exercise of powers and authorities conferred by the declaration of a national emergency with respect to organizations that disrupt the Middle East peace process, pursuant to 50 U.S.C. 1651(c), 50 U.S.C. 1703(c), and 22 U.S.C. 2349aa-9(c). Washington, G.P.O., 1995. 5 p. (Document, House, 104th Congress, 1st session, 104-103; ``The order blocks all property subject to U.S. jurisdiction in which there is any interest of 12 terrorist organizations that threaten the Middle East peace process as identified in an Annex.'') US aid to Israel: the premise, the price. Christian Science monitor, June 20, 1991: 1, 6-7; June 21: 3; June 24: 3; June 25: 7; June 27: 6-7; June 28: 3. Contents.--US-Israel bond remains firm, by George D. Moffett, III.--US aid cornucopia flows to Israel, by George D. Moffett, III.--Israelis see aid as mixed blessing, by Peter Ford.-- Resettlement costs put strain on Israeli credit, by George D. Moffett, III.--Israel's role as US ally debated, by George Moffett.--Israeli lobby virtually unmatched, by George D. Moffett, III. Van Leeuwen, Marianne. The United States, Israel and the loan guarantees: a test case for a special relationship. Orient, v. 33, no. 4, 1992: 551-578. ``A short history and analysis of the loan guarantees issue, followed by an attempt at interpreting and answering the questions raised above.'' Vandewalle, Dirk. The Middle East peace process and regional economic integration. Survival, v. 36, winter 1994-95: 21-34. ``Both Israel's security needs and the dismal state of the Palestinian economy made economic cooperation a conditio sine qua non for further regional integration.'' Watman, Kenneth. Agmon, Marcy. Wolf, Charles, Jr. Controlling conventional arms transfers: a new approach with application to the Persian Gulf. Santa Monica, Calif., Rand, 1994. 26 p. ``The potentially destabilizing impact of the accumulation of conventional weapons systems in regions such as the Middle East. '' Wege, Carl Anthony. Hizbollah Organization. Studies in conflict and terrorism, v. 17, 1994: 151-164. ``This paper will examine the development of the Hizbollah Organization in the context of the Lebanese civil war, address its emergence in Amal, follow the Party of God's long march toward an Islamist republic, and observe the splitting of the party into an emasculated Hizbollah and a marginalized Islamic Resistance.'' Whitbeck, John V. The road to peace starts in Jerusalem: the condominium solution. Middle East insight, v. 10, Sept.-Oct. 1994: 54-59. ``The Holy City needs to be considered first, not last . . . . Presents one possible solution to the seemingly intractable problem of the city's future.'' Winnefeld, James A. Morris, Mary E. Where environmental concerns and security strategies meet: green conflict in Asia and the Middle East. Santa Monica, Rand, 1994. xvii, 114 p. TD195.W29W55 1994 Yorke, Valerie. The Middle East's slow march towards peace. World today, v. 50, May 1994: 86-92. ``After decades of conflict, dramatic change is unfolding in the Middle East as a result of the Madrid peace process and the Oslo accord . . . . The peace process will be subject to major setbacks and delays, the agreements so far reached rule out a return to the status quo ante.'' Zuckerbrot, Bluma. Heller, Susan. Beyond the White House lawn: current perspectives on the Arab- Israeli peace process. New York, Anti-Defamation League, 1994. 117 p. Partial contents.--The bilateral talks.--The multilateral talks. --The benefits of peace: Arab-Israeli business partnerships.-- Israel and the international community.--Arab economic boycott.-- Islamic extremism. Zunes, Stephen. The Israeli-Jordanian agreement: peace or Pax Americana? Middle East policy, v. 3, Apr. 1995: 57-68. ``The peace agreement between the Hashmite Kingdom of Jordan and the State of Israel signed on October 26, 1994, may be less a long- overdue triumph of the forces of reason and reconciliation . . . appears that King Hussein was essentially forced by the Clinton administration to accept terms . . . . From a strictly bilateral perspective, Jordan did not fare badly in the details of the final agreement . . . on territory, water and security.'' ----- Israeli-Syrian peace: the long road ahead. Middle East policy, v. 2, 1993: 62-67. ``Syria is considered the most intractable of Israel's front- line neighbors. However, a variety of factors . . . have led this once-rejectionist government into pursuing a peace agreement with its long-time enemy.'' RESOLVED: That the United States Government should substantially increase its security assistance to one or more of the following: Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Palestinian National Authority, Syria. A Guide to Information Sources on the 1995-1996 Intercollegiate Debate Topic by Sherry B. Shapiro Bibliographic Specialist with the assistance of Lee Burwasser, Bibliographic Assistant Library Services Division October 1995 INTRODUCTION This research guide identifies sources of information on U.S. security in the Middle East and related topics that will be discussed by college debaters. It describes reference and research tools and suggests particular search strategies that might be used to retrieve information on these topics. The primary terms are included to help the debaters begin their search for supporting materials on the range of issues relating to Middle East policy. Although printed sources are emphasized in this guide, debaters should also take note of the sources listing organizations and of electronic resources available. Internet addresses and World Wide Web (WWW) locations are included for sources accessible through that route. Internet addresses and Web locations change without notice, so users should check links and use search services provided by Internet and Web providers if cites do not respond. In addition, many Web and Internet sources for newspapers do not contain archival files. Academic Index This index provides access to the 400 scholarly and general interest publications most commonly held by academic libraries, expanding on the coverage of its sister publication, Magazine Index. Subject coverage of the index includes economics, government, and political science. The Academic Index exists commercially as an online product, and there may be a fee for searching. American Library Directory Edited and compiled by R. R. Bowker, this directory lists public, academic, government and special libraries in the United States, and regions administered by it, and in Canada. Arranged geographically, the entries are alphabetized by state, region, or province; then by city; and finally by the institution or library name. Entries include the name and address of the library, names of key personnel and information on the library's holdings. This source may be useful in locating specialized research libraries. American Statistics Index (ASI) The American Statistics Index indexes and describes the statistical publications of the U.S. Government, including periodicals, annuals, biennials, semi-annuals, and special publications. It provides access to statistical materials by subject, organization, name, issuing source, and title. The index is published monthly and cumulated annually. ASI is also available through commercial online systems. Books and monographs Many libraries around the country, particularly large academic and research libraries, use Library of Congress subject headings in their catalogs. To learn how books on U.S. policy toward the Middle East are categorized in these libraries, consult the four-volume guide, Library of Congress Subject Headings. It is usually kept near the card catalog, or near the terminals for an automated catalog. The most relevant LC subject headings for research on this debate topic link are: Foreign relations; Security, International; Defenses; National Security; Arms Transfers. These terms may be combined with the geographic region Middle East or with the names of individual countries in the region. These terms may also be used in searching the Library of Congress catalogs in Internet (gopher://marvel.loc.gov, or lcweb.loc.gov). In many school and public libraries, books are arranged by Dewey Decimal classification systems. In these libraries, books are usually assigned subject headings from the Sears List of Subject Headings. If you have trouble locating books that are listed here or in other bibliographic sources, ask your librarian about Books in Print and about InterLibrary Loan. Books in Print will be useful in identifying the addresses of publishers for the purchase of materials, and in identifying additional and recently published books. InterLibrary Loan may make it possible for your library to borrow materials you have identified, but that your library does not have available, from other libraries. BRS BRS is an online service providing primarily bibliographic information. The service offers access to information in the fields of science, social sciences, business, health and related areas. BRS provides databases that are online versions of Magazine Index, PAIS, Reader's Guide, Current Law Index (called Legal Resource Index), and National Newspaper Index. Specialized trade and business databases are also available. Business Periodicals Index Articles from over 300 business periodicals are listed in this index. It is published monthly, except for August, and a bound cumulation is issued each year. A wide range of business publications, such as the Economist and Barrons are indexed here. Use Library of Congress subject headings to seach, along with the cross- references provided in the index. CIS Index The CIS Index, produced by the Congressional Information Service, abstracts all congressional publications except the Congressional Record. The Index is published monthly, and cumulated quarterly and annually. Each issue of the Index is divided into both index and abstract portions. CIS also publishes legislative histories annually. Refer to the abstract section for full bibliographic information. The Index is commercially available online as DIALOG file 101 and is updated monthly. Clearinghouse Directory, 1991-92. 1st ed. Donna, Batten, editor. Detroit, Gale Research Co., 1991. 429 p. This source is ``a guide to information clearinghouses and their resources, services, and publications.'' Congressional Index The Congressional Index, published by the Commerce Clearing House, is a weekly looseleaf service providing content and status information for bills and resolutions pending in Congress. The progress of bills and resolutions is reported, from the introduction of the legislation to the final disposition. Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report This periodical provides current information on congressional activities, the progress of major bills, and background information on major policy issues. Recent articles of particular importance are indexed on the back cover of each issue. Important recent articles are indexed on the back cover of each issue. A quarterly and annual index are also issued. Congressional Quarterly also publishes an annual volume which cumulates material from the weekly reports. There is an index at the back of each volume, which uses similar subject headings. Congressional Record The Congressional Record provides an edited transcript of the activities on the floor of the House and the Senate. It is published each day Congress is in session. The Extensions of Remarks section may provide reprints of newspaper and journal articles which Members of Congress insert, in addition to those statements spoken by Members on the floor of the House or Senate and recorded by chamber. Subject and name indexes are published biweekly and cumulated annually. The full text of the Congressional Record from the 103rd and 104th Congresses is available on the Library of Congress orld Wide Web service, THOMAS (http://thomas.loc.gov/). Current Law Index The American Association of Law Libraries sponsors this index of articles in legal periodicals. Separate subject and author indexes and tables of cases and of statutes are included in eight monthly issues, three quarterly cumulations, and a cumulative annual. Library of Congress subject headings are the search terms used primarily. DATATIMES DATATIMES is an online search and retrieval service. This information network can access approximately 1100 sources, including newswires, newspapers, magazines, and a number of business and financial sources. Ask a reference librarian if DATATIMES is available at your institution. There may be a fee for DATATIMES searches. DIALOG DIALOG Information Service is an online service that includes a wide variety of databases, ranging from newspaper and journal indexes through statistical references and airline information. Directory of Directories This publication serves as a guide to the many catalogs, encyclopedias, checklists, and other compilations of information that exist in print. Any publication which includes addresses of individuals or organizations is eligible for inclusion in this resource. It lists a wide range of publications, including lists of cultural institutions, directories of professional organizations and societies, and membership lists of a variety of special interest groups. This resource can be used to locate more specialized directories of organizations and individuals involved in the field of U.S. policy toward the Middle East. Entries are grouped by subject categories, and the publication includes a title and a subject index. Dissertation Abstracts International Dissertation Abstracts International (DAI) is a monthly list of doctoral dissertations submitted to University Microfilms International by more than 450 academic institutions in the United States and Canada. DAI is divided into two sections: Humanities (A) and Science (B). Keyword title and author indexes are provided each month for each section. The author index is cumulated annually. A retrospective Comprehensive Dissertation Index (CDI) is a subject index and is available, grouped by disciplines of knowledge (e.g., law and political science, history) for 1861-1972 in 32 volumes, and for 1973-1979 in 16 volumes. DAI is commercially available online as DIALOG file 35 and is updated monthly. It is also available on CD-ROM and is updated biannually. Encyclopedia of Associations, 1995. 29th ed. Detroit, Gale Research Co., 1994. 3 v. Vols. 1-2. National organizations of the U.S.--Vol. 3. Name and key word index. Available online as DIALOG file 114. Available on CD-ROM, Gale Global access: Associations. A companion volume is the Encyclopedia of Associations-- International Organizations. This work provides information on over ``9,000 international nonprofit membership organizations, including multinational and binational groups and national organizations based outside the United States, concerned with all subjects and areas of activity.'' Part 1 is comprised of descriptive listing and Part 2 is indexes. Encyclopedia of Governmental Advisory Organizations, 1994-95. 9th ed. Detroit, Gale Research Co., 1993. 1529 p. ``A refrence guide to 6,500 permanent, continuing, and ad hoc U.S. Presidential advisory committees, congressional advisory committees, . . . and similar bodies.'' Facts on file: weekly world news digest with cumulative index. New York, Facts on File. Federal Depository Library Program Under this program, Federal Government publications are made available to designated depository libraries. In order to provide the greatest possible access to Government publications, these libraries are located in each State and congressional district. There are currently over 1,350 depository libraries. Of this number, 50 have been designated as regional depositories. The regional libraries assume the responsibility of retaining depository material permanently and of providing inter-library loan and reference service for their regions. Copies of documents no longer available for sale can usually be found in regional Federal depository library collections. Each issue of the Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications prints a current directory of these regional libraries. A directory of all depository libraries is available from: Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs). The Web site contains government documents, the Federal Reporter, Government Manual and other information. Government Reports Announcements and Index Government research reports are indexed in the Government Reports Announcements and Index, which is issued twice a month by the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). A keyword index lists significant words from titles. The NTIS index is available online through commercial systems. Government Research Directory, 1993-1994. 7th ed. Thomas J. Cichonski, editor. Detriot, Gale Research Co., 1992. 1252 p. Index to Legal Periodicals The Index lists articles ``of high quality and permanent reference value'' in legal periodicals published in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and other English language countries. The articles are indexed under author and subject. A complete list of subjects is included at the front of each bound volume. The Index is also available on CD-ROM and is updated quarterly. Useful search terms are: Foreign relations and International trade. Index to U.S. Government Periodicals The Index covers individual periodical articles published by over 100 Federal agencies, using a thesaurus created exclusively for itself. Information USA This general purpose directory provides access to more than 12,000 agencies and organizations in the U.S. Infotrac II This CD-ROM product provides a subject index to more than 400 popular and widely-read magazines plus the New York Times. Its coverage includes current affairs, people, home and leisure activities, travel, arts and entertainment, education, companies and products. International Research Centers Directory. 6th edition, 1992-1993. Edited by Annette Piccirelli. Detroit, Gale Research Co. LC MARVEL (Machine-Assisted Realization of the Virtual Electronic Library) The Library of Congress provides Internet access to its campus-wide information system, LC MARVEL (Machine-Assisted Realization of the Virtual Electronic Library). LC MARVEL provides links to a vast and diverse collection of Internet resources worldwide, all arranged in an easy-to-navigate hierarchical menu structure. Most information on MARVEL is available in plain text (ASCII format). The preferred access to LC MARVEL is through a local gopher client or via another gopher server pointing to marvel.loc.gov, port 70 Legal Resource Index Legal Resource Index is the companion microfilm service of the Current Law Index. It is available online commercially through the DIALOG Information Service as file 150. LegalTrac LegalTrac is an index on CD-ROM to more than 800 legal periodicals starting from 1980; it is updated monthly. LEXIS/NEXIS LEXIS/NEXIS is an online search and retrieval service with numerous subfiles of information. The News and Business Library (NEWS) contains more than 2,500 full-text information sources from U.S. and overseas newspapers, magazines, journals, newsletters, wire services, and broadcast transcripts; also included is abstract material from an addition 1,000 information sources. The Law Reviews Library (LAWREV) includes the full text of over 70 law reviews, several American Bar Association publications, ALR and LEd2d articles, and two legal indices, with a focus on State and national issues of legal significance. The Legal News Library (LEGNEW) provides general news information about the domestic legal industry and profession, including sources which track jury verdicts and a hot file of case list summaries on recently decided U.S. Supreme Court cases. The Legal Reference Library (LEXREF) includes abstracts from over 700 legal journals, yearbooks, institutes, bar associations, university publications, specialty journals, and legal journals. Ask a reference librarian if LEXIS/NEXIS is available in your area. There may be a fee for searches. Magazine Index Magazine Index is a microfilm product that provides citations to materials in over 400 popular magazines, focusing on coverage of current affairs, leisure time activities, arts, sports, and science and technology. References from the last five years are listed alphabetically by subject and author in one alphabetical display on the Magazine Index microfilm reader-terminal. The index is updated monthly, and uses Library of Congress subject headings. Magazine Index Plus Magazine Index Plus is a microfilm product that provides citations to materials in over 400 of the periodicals most requested by small- to-average sized public and academic libraries. The focus is on coverage of current affairs, world affairs, business, and science and technology. References from the last five years are listed alphabetically by subject and author in one alphabetical display on the Magazine Index Plus microfilm reader-terminal. Its link to the full text Magazine Collection microfilm system provides identification of full text availability; optional full text on CD-ROM in Magazine ASAP Plus provides instant article retrieval. The index is updated monthly, and uses Library of Congress subject headings. Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications (http://www.access.gpt.gov) The Monthly Catalog lists documents issued by all branches of the Federal Government. The catalog has monthly, semiannual, and annual indexes, arranged by author, title, subject, keywords, and series/report title. The Monthly Catalog is often the access point for materials in Government depository libraries; it may also be used to obtain information for ordering materials for purchase from the Superintendent of Documents at the U.S. Government Printing Office. The Monthly Catalog is commercially available online on DIALOG file 66 and is updated monthly. Library of Congress subject headings are the catalog's subject authority. See search terms under ``Books and Monographs'' in this guide. There is also a Periodicals Supplement to the monthly catalog which contains current serial titles for Government publications issued three or more times a year. National Journal National Journal provides information on important executive, congressional, and judicial actions. In addition to the weekly and semi-apnnual indexes, there is a page entitled ``Recent Weeks'' toward the end of most issues. National Newspaper Index National Newspaper Index indexes the Christian Science Monitor, New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Los Angeles Times, and Washington Post. References from the last five years are listed alphabetically by subject headings. An online version of this index is available commercially on DIALOG file 111 and is updated monthly. National Technical Information Service (NTIS) (http://fwvx.fedworld.gov/ntis/ntishome.html) This database is available commercially online. NTIS consists of Government-sponsored research, development, and engineering information prepared by Federal agencies, their contractors, or grantees. Through this system, unclassified, publicly available reports from such agencies as the Defense Technical Information Center and others are made available. The database includes materials from both the hard and soft sciences, including materials on business procedures and regulatory matters. New York Times Index (http://nytinfoserv.com) The New York Times Index provides extensive abstracts for articles appearing in the New York Times. It is issued twice a month, with quarterly and annual cumulations. Consult ``How to use the New York Times Index'' in the index volume itself for guidance. The Internet edition has no searchable archive. NEWSEARCH NEWSSEARCH is the commercially available, daily update of Magazine Index, National Newspaper Index, and Legal Resource Index. It provides front-page to back-page indexing of the Christian Science Monitor, Wall Street Journal, and New York Times, as well as popular magazines, law journals, and legal newspapers. There may be a fee for searches. Official Washington Post Index The Index provides access to all substantial newsworthy items in this paper. It is issued monthly and cumulated annually. This index is more specific than many; check cross references. Policy Research Center Directory. Urbana, Policy Studies Organization, University of Illinois. ``A directory describing university and non-university centers, institutes, or organizations that conduct policy studies research. Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS) PAIS is a subject index of books, pamphlets, government publications, reports of public and private agencies, and periodical articles relating to political and economic conditions, public administration, and international affairs. It is issued monthly; there also three quarterly cumulations and an annual bound volume with an author index. This year's debate topic may be searched using the term, China, People's Republic of; also use the PAIS cross- references. PAIS is available on CD-ROM. The CD-ROM version of PAIS contains an online thesaurus. Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature The Reader's Guide is an author/subject index to over 180 periodicals of general interest published in the United States and Canada. It is published twice a month from September through December and in March, April, and June. It appears monthly in January, February, May, July, and August. Library of Congress subject headings are used to organize materials. The quarterly and annual cumulations can expedite your search of this index. It is also available on CD-ROM and is updated quarterly. Research Centers Directory, 1995. Thomas J. Cichonski. editor. Detroit, Gale Research Co., 1994. 2 v. A guide to university-related and other nonprofit research organizations established on a permanent basis and carrying on continuing research programs in agriculture, business, conservation, education, engineering and technology, government, law, life sciences, mathematics, area studies, physical and earth sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Social Sciences Citation Index Social Sciences Citation Index, which covers hundreds of journals, is issued quarterly and annually. It differs from other indexes in that there are no standard subject headings; but you may search by topic by looking up key words from an article's title in its Permuterm Subject Index and referring to the Source Index for the full reference. The index is available online as DIALOG file 7 and is updated weekly. It is available on CD-ROM. This index is also useful in finding critiques or responses to identified articles. Social Sciences Index Social Sciences Index, published quarterly and cumulated annually, provides author and title access to 353 journals in area studies, economics, international relations, political science, and related areas. Use the Library of Congress subject headings listed in the ``Books and Monographs'' section of this guide. Statistical Abstract of the United States Published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, on an annual basis, this source includes pertinent statistical information under the subjects Foreign countries and Foreign trade. This publication should be available in any depository library, as well as in the reference collections of most large public or academic libraries. Statistical Reference Index The Statistical Reference Index provides a guide and index to selected statistical reference material from non-Federal sources on a wide variety of topics. It includes the publications of trade, professional, and other non-profit associations and institutions, business organizations, commercial publishers, university and independent research centers, and State government agencies. Information can be accessed by subject, organization, name, issuing source, and/or title. The index is published monthly and cumulated annually. Treaties in Force This publication, which is compiled by the Treaty Affairs Staff, Office of the Legal Adviser, U.S. Dept. of State, ``lists treaties and other international agreements of the United States on record in the Department of State on January 1, 1994 which had not expired by their terms or which had not been denounced by the parties, or replaced or superseded by other agreements, or otherwise definitely terminated.'' United States Government Manual. Prepared by the U.S. Office of the Federal Register. Washington, G.P.O. Issued annually, this is the official organization handbook of the Federal Government, giving information on the organization, activities, and current officials of the various departments, bureaus, commissions, etc. Includes descriptions of quasi-official agencies and selected international organizations. University Microfilms International Indexes UMI distributes The New York Times Index listed above. In addition, UMI publishes indexes to an number of other newspapers using search terms from its own list of subjects. In some cases UMI took over this service from another publisher, such as Bell & Howell or an in-house indexer. In these cases, the earlier volumes for these papers use different subject terms than the later volumes, so care should be taken when searching for earlier material. Newspapers indexed by UMI include the following: Atlanta Journal, The Atlanta Constitution Index. FREQUENCY: Annual Black Newspapers Index. 1st quarter 1987- FREQUENCY: Quarterly, with annual cumulation Boston Globe Index. Jan. 1987- FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly and annual cumulations Christian Science Monitor Index. Jan. 1987- FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly and annual cumulations. A limited number of articles are currently available on the Web (http://www.freerange.com/csmonitor) Denver Post Index. Jan. 1987- FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly and annual cumulations Detroit News Index. Jan. 1987- FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly and annual cumulations Guardian Index. Vol. 1 (Jan. 1986)- FREQUENCY: Monthly, with annual cumulation Houston Chronicle Index. Jan. 1993- FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly and annual cumulations Houston Post Index. Jan. 1987- FREQUENCY: Monthly, with quarterly and annual cumulations Los Angeles Times Index. 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A limited number of articles are placed on the Web (http://www.townhall.com) Wall Street Journal Index (http://update.wsj.com) The Wall Street Journal Index is issued monthly and has annual cumulations. A fee may be charged for online service. Washington Information Directory, Washington, Congressional Quarterly, 1975/6- Provides information on agencies and departments of the Federal Government as well as information on non-governmental organizations. The directory is divided into three categories, the executive agencies, Congress, and non-governmental organizations. Each subject heading includes references to all three types of organizations. Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents This publication contains statements, messages, and other Presidential materials released by the White House during the preceding week. There are weekly, quarterly, and annual published indexes. This information is also available online commercially. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States is an annual compilation of Presidential Statements. WilsonLine The H. W. Wilson Company, which publishes the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature, along with a number of other indexes to journal literature, has its own online service. World Wide Web (WWW) The Web is an Internet-based online information delivery tool which makes use of hypertext and hypermedia documents. Hypertext/media refers to specially coded electronic documents that can link to other Internet resources, which can be text, images, audio, video, software, or even other databases. In order to access WWW over the Internet, a ``browser'' client appropriate to your computing platform is used. There are WWW browsers for DOS, Windows, OS/2, Macintosh, and UNIX platforms as well as many others. Some browsers allow for the display of graphics and other multimedia effects (such as audio or full-motion video), while others do not. Additional hardware or software may be required for the display or playing of many of the special-format files available on the WWW. The current Library of Congress WWW offerings can be accessed via a ``homepage'' or initial selection screen. Connections to WWW resources are made by specifying a uniform Resource Locator or URL through your client software. The URL for LC Web is: http://www.loc.gov. Yearbook of International Organizations. Edited by the Union of International Organizations. Munich, K.G. Saur. Provides detailed information about international organizations currently active. Includes dates of conferences and meetings and lists of publications. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS WASHINGTON, DC 20402 SB-176 U.S. Government Information about the: COLLEGE DEBATE TOPIC, 1995-1996 * * * * * * RESOLVED: That the United States government should substantially increase its security assistance to one or more of the following: Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Palestinian National Authority, Syria. * * * * * * Arabism and Islam: Stateless Nations and Nationless States. BOOK. 1990. 49 p.; ill. 0-16-023729-7 S/N 008-020-01214-9 $1.75 Background Notes . . . A series of short factual pamphlets written by officers in the Department of State geographic bureaus. Each contains information on the country's land, people, history, government, political conditions, economy, foreign relations, and United States policy. Issued with perforations. Egypt, August 1994. BOOK. 1994. 7 p.; ill. S 1.123:EG 9/994 S/N 844-002-10452-1 1.00 Israel, February 1994. BOOK. 1994. 6 p.; ill. S/N 844-002-10437-8 1.00 Jordan, August 1994. BOOK. 1994. 4 p.; ill. S 1.123:J 76/994 S/N 844-002-10454-8 1.00 Syria, November 1994. BOOK. 1994. 8 p.; ill. S 1.123:SY 8/994 S/N 844-002-10480-7 1.00 Page 2 College Debate Topic Country Studies . . . Describes and analyzes the history, politics, economics, sociology, and national security systems of each country. Egypt. BOOK. 1991. (Clothbound) 464 p.; ill. 0-16-036527-9 S/N 008-020-01271-8 $20.00 Israel. BOOK. 1990. (Clothbound) 454 p.; ill. 0-16-028017-6 S/N 008-020-01233-5 19.00 Jordan. BOOK. 1991. (Clothbound) 362 p.; ill. 0-16-033746-1 S/N 008-020-01249-1 17.00 Syria. BOOK. 1988. (Clothbound) 358 p.; ill. 0-16-001690-8 S/N 008-020-01142-8 16.00 Defense, Research and Development, Memorandum of Understanding Between the United States of America and Israel, Signed at Washington September 8, 1989; Entered Into Force September 8, 1989. BOOK. 1993. 7 p. S 9.10:11696 S/N 844-001-01326-1 1.00 Foreign Labor Trends . . . Describes and examines labor trends in significant areas such as labor-management relations, trade unions, employment and unemployment, wages and working conditions, labor and government, labor administration and legislation, training, labor and politics, labor migration, and international labor activities. Egypt, 1994-1995. BOOK. 1995. 9 p. S/N 829-003-00475-4 1.00 Israel, 1993-1994. BOOK. 1994. 16 p. S/N 829-003-00411-8 1.50 Jordan, 1991. BOOK. 1992. 11 p. S/N 829-003-00294-8 1.25 College Debate Topic Page 3 Iraqi Power and United States Security in the Middle East. BOOK. 1990. Examines the Iraqi defeat of Iran in the 8-year-long Iran-Iraq war and the implications of that outcome on future United States Middle East policy. 107 p.; ill. 0-16-027003-0 D 101.2:Ir 1 S/N 008-020-01231-9 $3.25 Responding to Low-Intensity Conflict Challenges. BOOK. 1991. Includes essays on low-intensity conflict in: the Middle East; Afghanistan; Guatemala and El Salvador; Africa; and the Philippines and Indonesia. 332 p. 0-16-029332-4 D 301.26/6:C 76/5/991 S/N 008-070-00656-1 14.00 Strategic Assessment, 1995: United States Security Challenges in Transition. BOOK. 1995. Provides a comprehensive overview of the global environment, focusing on specific trends, United States interests, and issues of concern to those who frame United States security policy. Includes, among others, chapters on: Strategic setting; Asia Pacific; Russia and neighbors; Greater Middle East; Weapons of mass destruction; United States force structure; Arms transfers and export controls; Peace operations; and Economics. 215 p.; ill. 0-16-045367-4 D 5.402:IN 7/4 S/N 008-020-01342-1 19.00 United States Department of State Dispatch, Volume 5: Supplement Number 7, August 1994. BOOK. 1994. This issue includes: Breakthrough in the Jordan-Israel Negotiations and Recent Developments in the Middle East Peace Process. S/N 744-010-00241-4 2.50 Supplement Number 10, November 1994. BOOK. 1994. This issue includes: Further Developments in the Middle East Peace Process. S/N 744-010-00274-1 1.50 Page 4 College Debate Topic Where to Order Superintendent of Documents P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954 How to Remit Regulations require payment in advance of shipment. Check or money order should be made payable to the Superintendent of Documents. Orders may also be charged to your Superintendent of Documents prepaid deposit account with this Office, MasterCard or VISA. If credit card is used, please be sure to include its date of expiration. Postage stamps are not acceptable. Please Note Supplies of government documents are limited and prices are subject to change without prior notice.