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Safe Motherhood
Smoking
During Pregnancy
State Estimates of Neonatal Health-Care Costs Associated with
Maternal Smoking—United States, 1996
For the first time, CDC has
released estimates for neonatal health care costs associated with a
mother's smoking status while she was pregnant. Data is reported for
each state, by mother's demographic characteristics, and insurance
status. The estimates are generated using the Maternal and Child
Health Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Morbidity and Economic Costs
(MCH SAMMEC) software. Significant variation in costs exists across
states, driven largely by smoking rates and numbers of births.
Relatively, more of the states' smoking-attributable neonatal health
care costs accrue to the public sector than to private insurers.
Source: MMWR October 8, 2004 / 53(39);915-917
Smoking During Pregnancy—United States, 1990–2002
In 2002, women were far less
likely to smoke while pregnant than a decade ago. Rates of smoking
during pregnancy in the United States have consistently declined
since 1990. All states that have collected these data since 1990 had
significantly lower rates in 2002, several, more than 50 percent
lower. Teenage mothers 15 to 19 years of age continue to have high
smoking rates. In fact, over this same time period, rates of smoking
during pregnancy for teenagers increased in a few states. Source:
MMWR October 8, 2004 / 53(39);911-915
Preventing Smoking During Pregnancy
Smoking during pregnancy is
the single most preventable cause of illness and death among mothers and
infants. This fact sheet provides information on prevalence, financial
costs, effective strategies and future directions to promote better use of
health care resources by focusing smoking cessation efforts on women who
are most likely to smoke during pregnancy.
The
State Prenatal Smoking Databook, 1999
The databook provides national and state data on smoking during pregnancy
in an easy-to-use format. It includes state-by-state statistics on
prenatal smoking, smoking attributable infant deaths, and related health
care costs; summarizes information on state MCH cessation programs; and
provides information on state cigarette taxes, regulatory policies, and
tobacco-related sources of funds for cessation.
Prenatal smoking cessation
The Prenatal Smoking Cessation program
develops and enhances maternal and child health programs’ capacity to
reduce the effects of smoking among women of reproductive age and their
families.
Health & Economic Impact: Smoking Cessation for Pregnant Women
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are exploring the
possibility of providing coverage for smoking cessation services for
pregnant and post-partum women through Medicaid. Both agencies are
dedicated to working with state Medicaid agencies and state health
departments to develop and implement innovative, cost-effective ways to
reduce the public health burden of tobacco use.
Tobacco Use and Reproductive Outcomes
This fact sheet from the Surgeon General's Report 2001
Women and Smoking, summarizes current facts about smoking and
reproductive health outcomes, environmental tobacco smoke and reproductive
health outcomes, and smoking prevalence and smoking cessation during
pregnancy.
Prenatal smoking cessation
database
This
database focuses on prenatal smoking cessation emphasizing the
application of effective program activities and risk reduction
efforts. The database provides bibliographic citations and abstracts
of various types of materials including journal articles,
monographs, book chapters, technical reports, proceedings, papers,
and manuals. Full text is provided for selected publications. The
database also includes descriptions of prenatal smoking cessation
programs and risk reduction interventions.
Annual
Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and
Economic Costs — United States, 1995–1999
Neonatal medical costs of smoking in 1996 were
calculated by using maternal smoking prevalence and health-care use
data from the 1995 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System
(PRAMS). Neonatal SAFs and SAEs were derived by applying 1996
private insurance-based costs (obtained from Medstat Group, Inc.)
per night to smoking-attributable nights in hospitals and neonatal
intensive-care units. MMWR Vol 51, No 14;300, 04/12/2002
Trends in Pregnancy-Related
Smoking Rates in the United States, 1987–1996 *
This report assesses pregnancy-related variations in
smoking behaviors and their determinants among women of childbearing
age in the United States. The overall percentage of women who had ever
initiated smoking decreased significantly from 44.1% in 1987 to 38.2%
in 1996. In this analysis, the decline in smoking over time among
pregnant women was primarily due to the overall decline
in smoking
initiation rates among women of childbearing age. To foster effective
perinatal tobacco control, efforts are needed to further reduce the
number of young women who begin smoking. Source: JAMA, January
19, 2000-Vol. 283, No. 3, pp. 361-366.
Cigarette Smoking During the Last
3 Months of Pregnancy Among Women Who Gave Birth to Live Infants— Maine,
1988–1997
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View PDF 311
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To study smoking prevalence over time among women who
gave birth to live infants in Maine, CDC and the Maine Department of Human Services
(MDHS)
analyzed self-reported data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS)
collected during 1988-1997. This report summarizes the results of this analysis, which
indicate that despite the overall decline in smoking prevalence in Maine among women who
gave birth to live infants, smoking prevalence remains high during the last 3 months of
pregnancy among young women and low-income women, particularly those participating in the
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Source: MMWR,
May 28, 1999/48(20);421-425.
- Erratum
Cigarette Smoking During the Last 3 Months of Pregnancy
Among Women Who Gave Birth to Live Infants--Maine, 1988-1997. Source:
MMWR, June
4,1999/48(21);449.
- Mothers who smoked cigarettes
during pregnancy, according to mother’s detailed race, Hispanic origin, age, and
educational attainment: Selected States, 1989–2001 |
View PDF
78KB
This table from Health, United States, 2003 provides information on mothers who
smoked cigarettes during pregnancy, according to mother's detailed race, Hispanic origin,
educational attainment, and age by selected states, 1989–2001.
Smoking
During Pregnancy in the 1990's |
(PDF
730 KB)
The percentage of women who smoked during pregnancy
declined every year from 1990 through 1999. In 1999, 12.3 percent
of women giving birth reported smoking during pregnancy. For women
15 to 19 years of age, the rate of smoking during pregnancy declined
between 1990 and 1994 but has increased since then and teenagers now
have the highest rate of all age groups. Maternal smoking rates also
declined for all race and ethnic groups in the 1990s, but important
differences persist. American Indian, non-Hispanic white, and
Hawaiian women had the highest rates of smoking during pregnancy in
1999 while, Chinese and Central and South American women had the
lowest smoking rates. NVSS Volume 49, Number 7 August 28,
2001.
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