| Figure |
Title |
Overview
 |
| Figure O-1 |
S&E; occupation share of total civilian employment: 1983, 1993, and 2002 |
| Figure O-2 |
Academic R&D expenditures, by source of funds: 1972–2002 |
| Figure O-3 |
U.S. R&D, by source of funds: 1953–2002 |
| Figure O-4 |
Gross domestic R&D expenditure, by selected country/region: Selected years, 1991–2001 |
| Figure O-5 |
Service-sector R&D; share of industrial R&D; in United States, European Union, and Japan: 1987–2000 |
| Figure O-6 |
Total and U.S.-owned international technology alliances: 1980–2001 |
| Figure O-7 |
Foreign-owned R&D; in United States and U.S.-owned R&D overseas, by investing/host region: 2000 |
| Figure O-8 |
S&E; articles, by selected country/region and U.S. share of world total: 1988–2001 |
| Figure O-9 |
International S&E articles cited, by country/region: 2001 |
| Figure O-10 |
World's internationally coauthored articles with one or more U.S. authors and U.S. articles with one or more foreign-based authors: 1988–2001 |
| Figure O-11 |
Foreign-owned U.S. patents, by selected country/region: 1988–2001 |
| Figure O-12 |
Foreign-owned patents, by selected country: 2000 |
| Figure O-13 |
Patents granted to U.S. universities and colleges: 1981–2001 |
| Figure O-14 |
S&E; highest degree holders employed in jobs closely or somewhat related to highest degree, by years since degree: 1997 |
| Figure O-15 |
Average annual growth rate of S&E; occupations and degrees and U.S. civilian workforce: 1980–2000 |
| Figure O-16 |
Unemployment rate, by selected occupations: 1983–2002 |
| Figure O-17 |
Age distribution of individuals with S&E; degrees in U.S. workforce: 1999 |
| Figure O-18 |
Bachelor's degrees earned in selected S&E; fields: 1974–2000 |
| Figure O-19 |
Ratio of NS&E bachelor's degrees to 24-year-old population: 2000 |
| Figure O-20 |
Ratio of first university NS&E degrees to 24-year-old population, by selected country/economy: 1975 and 2000 or most recent year |
| Figure O-21 |
S&E; doctorates earned by U.S. citizens and noncitizens: 1980–2001 |
| Figure O-22 |
Foreign student plans after receipt of U.S. S&E; doctorate: 1982–2001 |
| Figure O-23 |
Foreign-born scientists and engineers in U.S. S&E; occupations, by degree level: 1990 and 2000 |
| Figure O-24 |
Foreign-born scientists and engineers in U.S. S&E; occupations, by degree level and field: 1990 and 2000 |
| Figure O-25 |
S&E; graduate students with temporary visas, by field: 1983–2001 |
| Figure O-26 |
Student, exchange visitor, and other high-skill-related temporary visas issued: FY 1998–2003 |
| Figure O-27 |
Age distribution of academic S&E; doctorate holders employed in faculty positions: 1975–2001 |
| Figure O-28 |
Foreign-born share of S&E; doctoral faculty, postdocs, and graduate students, by major degree field: 2001 |
| Figure O-29 |
Faculty and tenure-track status of young academic S&E; doctorate holders: 1975–2001 |
| Figure O-30 |
High-technology industry share of total manufacturing output, by selected country/region: 1980, 1990, and 2001 |
| Figure O-31 |
Global high-technology market share, by selected country/region: 1980–2001 |
| Figure O-32 |
U.S. global high-technology market share, by industry: 1980–2001 |
| Figure O-33 |
Global high-technology export share, by selected country/region: 1980–2001 |
| Figure O-34 |
Global revenue generated by knowledge-intensive service industries, by selected country/region: 2001 |
| Figure O-35 |
U.S. trade balance in royalties and fees: 1987–2001 |
| Figure O-36 |
U.S. venture capital disbursements: 1980–2002 |
|
| Chapter 1. Elementary and Secondary Education
|
| Figure 1-1 |
Trends in average scale
scores in mathematics and science, by age: Selected years, 1969–99 |
| Figure 1-2 |
Differences between
male and female student average scale scores in mathematics and
science, by age: Selected years, 1969–99 |
| Figure 1-3 |
Differences between
white and black student and white and Hispanic student average scale
scores in mathematics and science, by age: Selected years, 1969–99 |
| Figure 1-4 |
Students within each
mathematics and science achievement level range, grades 4, 8, and
12: 1996 and 2000 |
| Figure 1-5 |
Students at or above
basic and proficient levels in mathematics and science, grades 4,
8, and 12, by sex: 2000 |
| Figure 1-6 |
Students at or above
basic and proficient levels in mathematics and science, grades 4,
8, and 12, by race/ethnicity: 2000 |
| Figure 1-7 |
Average scale scores
in mathematics of fourth grade public school students, by eligibility
for free or reduced-priced lunches: 2000 |
| Figure 1-8 |
Countries whose TIMSS
average scores in mathematics and sciences are lower, equivalent
to, or higher than U.S. average score, grades 4, 8, and 12: 1995 |
| Figure 1-9 |
Mathematics and science
credit requirements for high school graduation: 1987 and 2002 |
| Figure 1-10 |
Distribution of 13-year-olds,
by type of mathematics course: 1986 and 1999 |
| Figure 1-11 |
Average percentage of
eighth grade mathematics problems per lesson at each level of procedural
complexity, by country/economy: 1999 |
| Figure 1-12 |
Students whose teachers
reported emphasizing certain topics in eighth grade mathematics:
1999 |
| Figure 1-13 |
Average percentage of
eighth grade mathematics lesson time devoted to various purposes,
by country or economy: 1999 |
| Figure 1-14 |
Students whose teachers
asked them to do various activities in most or every mathematics
lesson: 1999 |
| Figure 1-15 |
Distribution of secondary
public school teachers, by undergraduate or graduate major: 1999–2000 |
| Figure 1-16 |
Public high school students
taught by mathematics and science teachers without various qualifications,
by subject field: 1987–88 and 1999–2000 |
| Figure 1-17 |
Eighth graders taught
mathematics and science by teachers who reported various main areas
of study for bachelor's and master's degrees: 1999 |
| Figure 1-18 |
Public school students
whose mathematics and science teachers majored or minored in various
subject fields, by teacher grade level: 1999–2000 |
| Figure 1-19 |
Public middle and high
school teachers with various years of teaching experience, by subject
field: 1999–2000 |
| Figure 1-20 |
Experience of public
high school mathematics and science teachers, by poverty level and
minority enrollment in schools: 1999–2000 |
| Figure 1-21 |
Public middle and high
school teachers who entered profession between 1995–96 and 1999–2000
and participated in induction and mentoring activities in first
year and those with either no or 10 weeks or more of practice teaching,
by subject field: 1999–2000 |
| Figure 1-22 |
Public middle and high
school mathematics and science teachers who entered profession between
1995–96 and 1999–2000 and reported feeling well prepared in various
aspects of teaching in first year: 1999–2000 |
| Figure 1-23 |
Public middle and high
school teachers who participated in professional development programs
that focused on various topics in past 12 months, by subject field:
1999–2000 |
| Figure 1-24 |
Public middle and high
school mathematics and science teachers who rated various topics
as first priority for additional professional development: 1999–2000 |
| Figure 1-25 |
Public middle and high
school teachers who participated in professional development programs
on various topics, by time spent on topic and subject field: 1999–2000 |
| Figure 1-26 |
Salary trends for public
K-12 and beginning teachers: Academic years 1970–2000 |
| Figure 1-27 |
Annual statutory salary
of public school teachers with 15 years experience and ratio of
statutory salaries to GDP per capita, by level of schooling and
OECD country: 2000 |
| Figure 1-28 |
Average base salary
and total earnings of public school teachers, by subject field:
1999–2000 |
| Figure 1-29 |
Total earnings of public
high school mathematics and science teachers and percentage of teachers
satisfied with salary, by poverty level and minority enrollment
in school: 1999–2000 |
| Figure 1-30 |
Public high school teachers
who agreed or strongly agreed with various statements about support
they received in school, by poverty level and minority enrollment
in school: 1999–2000 |
| Figure 1-31 |
Major uses of Internet
among U.S. children and young adults, by selected age groups: 2001 |
| Figure 1-32 |
Computer use among 10-17-year-olds,
by household income and location: 2001 |
| Figure 1-33 |
Fourth and eighth graders
without computers at home, by eligibility for national free or reduced-price
lunch programs: 2001 |
| Figure 1-34 |
Internet use among 10-17-year-olds,
by household income and location: 2001 |
| Figure 1-35 |
High school graduates
enrolled in college the October after completing high school, by
sex, race/ethnicity, and family income: 1973–2001 |
| Figure 1-36 |
First-time entry rates
to tertiary education, by program type and OECD country: 2000 |
| Figure 1-37 |
Students taking remedial
courses after entering postsecondary education, by number of courses,
attainment level, and type of first institution: 1992–2000 |
|
| Chapter 2. Higher Education in Science and Engineering
|
| Figure 2-1 |
Distribution of selected
aspects of U.S. higher education, by Carnegie type of institution:
2000 |
| Figure 2-2 |
S&E bachelor's degrees,
by field and institution type: 2000 |
| Figure 2-3 |
U.S. population of 20-24-year-olds,
by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1985–2020 |
| Figure 2-4 |
Freshmen reporting need
for remediation in mathematics or science, by intended major: 2002 |
| Figure 2-5 |
U.S. engineering enrollment, by enrollment level: 1979–2002 |
| Figure 2-6 |
Graduate enrollment
in mathematics/computer sciences and engineering, by citizenship
and race/ethnicity: 1983–2001 |
| Figure 2-7 |
Female U.S. graduate
S&E enrollment, by field: Selected years, 1972–2001 |
| Figure 2-8 |
Foreign student share
of U.S. graduate S&E enrollment, by field: 1991 and 2001 |
| Figure 2-9 |
Full-time S&E graduate
students with primary support from Federal Government, by field:
2001 |
| Figure 2-10 |
Underrepresented minority
share of S&E; degrees, by degree level and field: 2000 or 2001 |
| Figure 2-11 |
S&E; bachelor's degrees,
by field: Selected years, 1977–2000 |
| Figure 2-12 |
Female share of S&E;
bachelor's degrees, by selected fields: Selected years, 1977–2000 |
| Figure 2-13 |
Minority share of S&E;
bachelor's degrees, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1977–2000 |
| Figure 2-14 |
S&E; master's degrees,
by field: Selected years, 1975–2000 |
| Figure 2-15 |
S&E; master's degrees,
by field and institution type: 2000 |
| Figure 2-16 |
S&E; master's degrees,
by sex: Selected years, 1975–2000 |
| Figure 2-17 |
Master's degrees in
S&E; fields earned by selected groups: 1977–2000 |
| Figure 2-18 |
S&E; master's degrees,
by race/ethnicity and citizenship: Selected years, 1977–2000 |
| Figure 2-19 |
S&E; doctoral degrees
earned in U.S. universities, by field: 1977–2001 |
| Figure 2-20 |
Doctoral degrees earned
by women in U.S. institutions, by field: Selected years, 1970–2001 |
| Figure 2-21 |
Underrepresented minority
S&E; doctoral degrees, by race/ethnicity: Selected years, 1977–2001 |
| Figure 2-22 |
U.S. S&E; doctoral degrees,
by sex, race/ethnicity, and citizenship status: 1973–2001 |
| Figure 2-23 |
Foreign student share
of S&E; degrees, by degree level and field: 2000 or 2001 |
| Figure 2-24 |
Time from bachelor's
to S&E; doctoral degree, by doctoral degree field: 1973–2001 |
| Figure 2-25 |
Postdocs at U.S. universities,
by field of doctoral degree: 1977–2001 |
| Figure 2-26 |
Postdocs at U.S. universities,
by citizenship status: 1977–2001 |
| Figure 2-27 |
U.S. S&E; doctoral degree
recipients from selected Western European countries: 1985–2000 |
| Figure 2-28 |
U.S. S&E; doctoral degree
recipients from Europe, by region: 1985–2000 |
| Figure 2-29 |
U.S. S&E; doctoral degree
recipients from Canada and Mexico: 1985–2000 |
| Figure 2-30 |
Plans of foreign recipients
of U.S. S&E; doctorates to stay in United States: 1990–2001 |
| Figure 2-31 |
Short-term stay rates
of foreign recipients of U.S. S&E; doctorates, by place of origin:
1990 and 2001 |
| Figure 2-32 |
Trends in population
of 20-24-year-olds, by selected countries/regions: 1980#150;2015 |
| Figure 2-33 |
First university S&E;
degrees in Asia, Europe, and North America, by field: 2000 |
| Figure 2-34 |
Ratio of first university
NS&E; degrees to 24-year-old population, by country/economy: 1975
and 2000 or most recent year |
| Figure 2-35 |
S&E; first university
degrees, by selected countries: 1975–2001 |
| Figure 2-36 |
S&E; doctoral degrees
in Europe, Asia, and North America, by field: 2000 or most recent
year |
| Figure 2-37 |
NS&E; doctoral degrees,
by selected countries: 1975–2001 |
| Figure 2-38 |
NS&E; doctoral degrees
in United States, Europe, and Asia: 1975–2001 |
| Figure 2-39 |
Foreign S&E; graduate
student enrollment in selected countries, by field: 2001 |
| Figure 2-40 |
S&E; doctoral degrees
earned by foreign students in selected countries, by field: 2001
or most recent year |
|
| Chapter 3. Science and Engineering Workforce
|
| Figure 3-1 |
College graduates in
nonacademic S&E occupations, by occupation: 1980, 1990, and
2000 |
| Figure 3-2 |
U.S. workforce in S&E
occupations: 1983–2002 |
| Figure 3-3 |
Projected increase in
employment, by occupation: 2000–10 |
| Figure 3-4 |
S&E degree holders
employed in jobs closely related to highest degree, by highest degree
and years since degree: 1999 |
| Figure 3-5 |
S&E highest degree
holders employed in jobs closely or somewhat related to highest
degree, by years since degree: 1999 |
| Figure 3-6 |
S&E bachelor's degree
holders employed in jobs closely related to degree, by field and
years since degree: 1999 |
| Figure 3-7 |
Unemployment rate, by
occupation: 1983–2002 |
| Figure 3-8 |
Unemployment rate for
S&E highest degree holders, by years since degree: 1993 and
1999 |
| Figure 3-9 |
Involuntarily-out-of-field
rate of S&E highest degree holders, by years since degree: 1993
and 1999 |
| Figure 3-10 |
Employment sector of
S&E degree holders: 1999 |
| Figure 3-11 |
Employment sector of
S&E doctorate holders: 1999 |
| Figure 3-12 |
Educational distribution
of individuals in nonacademic S&E occupations: 2000 |
| Figure 3-13 |
Individuals with at
least bachelor's degree, by selected occupation: 1983–2002 |
| Figure 3-14 |
Distribution of S&E-degreed
workers with R&D as major work activity, by degree level: 1999 |
| Figure 3-15 |
Distribution of S&E-degreed
workers with R&D as major work activity, by field of highest
degree: 1999 |
| Figure 3-16 |
S&E doctorate holders
engaged in R&D as major work activity, by field and years since
degree: 1999 |
| Figure 3-17 |
Salary distribution
of S&E degree holders employed full time, by degree level: 1999 |
| Figure 3-18 |
Age distribution of
individuals in S&E occupations, by sex: 1999 |
| Figure 3-19 |
College graduates in
nonacademic S&E occupations, by sex and race/ethnicity: 1980,
1990, and 2000 |
| Figure 3-20 |
Female employment in
S&E occupations, by broad occupation: 1993 and 1999 |
| Figure 3-21 |
Median annual salary
of employed scientists and engineers, by broad occupation and sex:
1999 |
| Figure 3-22 |
Age distribution of
individuals in S&E occupations, by race/ethnicity: 1999 |
| Figure 3-23 |
Median annual salary
of scientists and engineers, by broad occupation and race/ethnicity:
1999 |
| Figure 3-24 |
Recent doctorate recipients
in postdoc positions, by years since degree: 1999 and 2001 |
| Figure 3-25 |
Status of 1999 S&E
postdocs: 2001 |
| Figure 3-26 |
Age distribution of
labor force with S&E highest degree, by degree level: 1999 |
| Figure 3-27 |
Employed S&E degree
holders over age 50, by selected fields: 1999 |
| Figure 3-28 |
Older S&E degree
holders working full time, by degree level: 1999 |
| Figure 3-29 |
Researchers in OECD
countries, by country/region: 1993, 1995, and 1997 |
| Figure 3-30 |
Global distribution
of workers with tertiary education: 1990–98 |
| Figure 3-31 |
High-skilled worker
visas in Japan, by country of origin: 1992, 1996, and 1999 |
| Figure 3-32 |
Foreign-born U.S. residents
with S&E highest degree, by country of birth: 1999 |
| Figure 3-33 |
Permanent visas to individuals
in S&E occupations, by occupation: 1988–2001 |
| Figure 3-34 |
Student, exchange visitor,
and other high-skill-related temporary visas issued: FY 1998–2003 |
|
| Chapter 4. U.S. and International Research and Development: Funds and Technology Linkages
|
| Figure 4-1 |
National R&D performance,
by performing sector: 1953–2002 |
| Figure 4-2 |
Shares of national R&D
expenditures, by source of funds, performing sector, and character
of work: 2002 |
| Figure 4-3 |
National R&D funding,
by source of funds: 1953–2002 |
| Figure 4-4 |
National R&D expenditures,
by source of funds: 1953–2002 |
| Figure 4-5 |
R&D share of GDP:
1953–2002 |
| Figure 4-6 |
National R&D expenditure,
by source of funds, performing sector, and character of work: 2002 |
| Figure 4-7 |
Projected Federal obligations
for R&D and R&D plant, by agency and character of work:
FY 2003 |
| Figure 4-8 |
Federal and non-Federal
share of all R&D: 1953–2002 |
| Figure 4-9 |
Federal R&D budget
authority, by budget function: FY 1980–2003 |
| Figure 4-10 |
R&D budget for combating
terrorism, by agency: FY 2002 and 2003 |
| Figure 4-11 |
Federal science and
technology budget, by agency: FY 2000–2004 |
| Figure 4-12 |
Funding concepts in
FY 2004 budget proposal |
| Figure 4-13 |
Federal R&D support,
by performing sector: 1953–2002 |
| Figure 4-14 |
Federal obligations
for research, by agency and major S&E field: FY 2003 |
| Figure 4-15 |
Difference in U.S. performer-reported
and agency-reported Federal R&D: 1980–2001 |
| Figure 4-16 |
Manufacturing contract
R&D expenditures in United States and ratio of contract R&D
expenditures to company-funded R&D performed within companies:
1993–2001 |
| Figure 4-17 |
Federal technology transfer
indicators: FY 1987–2001 |
| Figure 4-18 |
SBIR awards and funding:
1983–2001 |
| Figure 4-19 |
Domestic technology
alliances: 1985–2001 |
| Figure 4-20 |
International technology
alliances worldwide, by type of alliance: 1980–2001 |
| Figure 4-21 |
Information technology
and biotechnology shares of international technology alliances:
1991–2001 |
| Figure 4-22 |
U.S., G-7, and OECD
countries R&D expenditures: 1985–2001 |
| Figure 4-23 |
Rate of change in total
inflation-adjusted R&D spending: 1987–2000 |
| Figure 4-24 |
R&D expenditures
and annual changes in R&D estimates, Japan and Germany: 1988–2000 |
| Figure 4-25 |
R&D share of GDP,
selected countries: 1981–2001 |
| Figure 4-26 |
R&D expenditures
for selected countries, by performing sector and source of funds:
2000 or 2001 |
| Figure 4-27 |
Composition of GDP for
selected countries, by sector: 2000, 2001, or 2002 |
| Figure 4-28 |
Industrial R&D financed
by foreign sources: 1981–2001 |
| Figure 4-29 |
Sources of R&D expenditures
in OECD countries: 1981–2000 |
| Figure 4-30 |
Industrial R&D,
by ICT sector, for selected countries: 1999 or 2000 |
| Figure 4-31 |
OECD-wide ICT manufacturing
R&D, by selected country: 2000 |
| Figure 4-32 |
Non-GUF government R&D
support, by socioeconomic objectives, G-8 countries, and South Korea:
2000 or 2001 |
| Figure 4-33 |
R&D expenditures
of selected countries, by character of work: 1998 or 2000 |
| Figure 4-34 |
Foreign-owned R&D
in United States and U.S.-owned R&D overseas, by investing/host
region: 2000 |
| Figure 4-35 |
Foreign-owned R&D
in United States, U.S.-owned R&D overseas, and R&D expenditure
balance: 1994–2000 |
|
| Chapter 5. Academic Research and Development
|
| Figure 5-1 |
Academic R&D, basic
and applied research, and basic research as share of U.S. total
of each category: 1970–2002 |
| Figure 5-2 |
Academic R&D expenditures,
by character of work, and national R&D expenditures, by performer
and character of work: 2002 |
| Figure 5-3 |
Average annual R&D
growth, by performer: 1972–2002 |
| Figure 5-4 |
Sources of academic
R&D funding: 1972–2001 |
| Figure 5-5 |
Sources of academic
R&D funding for public and private institutions: 2001 |
| Figure 5-6 |
Components of institutional
R&D expenditures for public and private academic institutions:
1980–2001 |
| Figure 5-7 |
Academic R&D, by
rank of universities' and colleges' academic R&D expenditures:
1985–2001 |
| Figure 5-8 |
Academic R&D expenditures,
by field: 1975–2001 |
| Figure 5-9 |
Change in share of academic
R&D in selected S&E fields: 1975–2001 |
| Figure 5-10 |
Federal agency academic
research obligations, by field: FY 2001 |
| Figure 5-11 |
Major agency shares
of Federal academic research obligations, by field: FY 2001 |
| Figure 5-12 |
Academic institutions
receiving Federal R&D support, by selected Carnegie classifications:
1972–2000 |
| Figure 5-13 |
Current fund expenditures
for research equipment at academic institutions, by field: 1983–2001 |
| Figure 5-14 |
S&E doctorate holders
employed in public and private universities and colleges: 1975–2001 |
| Figure 5-15 |
S&E doctorate holders,
by type of academic appointment: 1975–2001 |
| Figure 5-16 |
S&E doctorate holders
with recent degrees employed at research universities and other
academic institutions, by type of position: 1975–2001 |
| Figure 5-17 |
Faculty and tenure track
status of S&E doctorate holders 4-7 years after receiving degree:
1975–2001 |
| Figure 5-18 |
Age distribution of
academic S&E doctorate holders employed in faculty positions:
1975–2001 |
| Figure 5-19 |
Full-time faculty age
60 and older at research universities and other higher education
institutions: 1975–2001 |
| Figure 5-20 |
Female doctoral S&E
faculty positions, by rank: Selected years, 1975–2001 |
| Figure 5-21 |
Underrepresented minority
S&E doctorate holders employed in academia, by citizenship status
and time since degree: Selected years, 1975–2001 |
| Figure 5-22 |
Asian/Pacific Islander
S&E doctorate holders employed in academia, by citizenship status
and time since degree: Selected years, 1975–2001 |
| Figure 5-23 |
White and white male
S&E doctorate holders employed in academia, by time since degree:
Selected years, 1975–2001 |
| Figure 5-24 |
Academic employment
of U.S. S&E doctorate holders, by place of birth: 1975–2001 |
| Figure 5-25 |
Primary work activity
of S&E doctorate holders employed in academia: 1975–2001 |
| Figure 5-26 |
Primary work activity
of academic S&E doctorate holders employed in academia, by degree
field: 2001 |
| Figure 5-27 |
Estimated number of
graduate research assistants and doctoral researchers in academia,
by degree field: 2001 |
| Figure 5-28 |
S&E doctorate holders
employed in academia, by involvement in research: 1975–2001 |
| Figure 5-29 |
S&E doctorate holders
in academia involved in research whose primary research activity
is basic research: Selected years, 1993–2001 |
| Figure 5-30 |
Output of S&E articles
by selected countries/regions: 1988–2001 |
| Figure 5-31 |
World S&E articles,
by income level of countries: 1994, 1998, and 2001 |
| Figure 5-32 |
Output of S&E articles
for United States and OECD: 1988–2001 |
| Figure 5-33 |
Average growth in S&E
articles for selected countries: 1988–2001 |
| Figure 5-34 |
Output of S&E articles,
by selected U.S. institutional sectors: 1988–2001 |
| Figure 5-35 |
Field distribution of
U.S. S&E articles from academia: 1988 and 2001 |
| Figure 5-36 |
Field distribution of
S&E articles, by region: 2001 |
| Figure 5-37 |
Extent of collaboration
on U.S. S&E articles, by field: 1988 and 2001 |
| Figure 5-38 |
Extent of international
collaboration on U.S. S&E articles, by field: 1988 and 2001 |
| Figure 5-39 |
Relationship of advanced
training to international collaboration with United States: 1992–96
and 1997–2001 |
| Figure 5-40 |
International S&E
collaboration, by region: 1988 and 2001 |
| Figure 5-41 |
Scientific research
cited in S&E articles, by selected countries/regions: 1992–2001 |
| Figure 5-42 |
Foreign S&E literature
cited in the world's S&E articles: 1994 and 2001 |
| Figure 5-43 |
Citations of S&E
literature in U.S. patents: 1987–2002 |
| Figure 5-44 |
Citations of S&E
literature per U.S. patent: 1987–2002 |
| Figure 5-45 |
Citations of S&E
literature per U.S. patent, excluding "spike" patents: 1987–2002 |
| Figure 5-46 |
Significance of U.S
academic patenting activity: 1981–2001 |
| Figure 5-47 |
Academic patents in
three largest academic utility classes: 1969–2001 |
| Figure 5-48 |
Characteristics of licenses
and options executed by U.S. universities: 2000 |
|
| Chapter 6. Industry, Technology, and the Global Marketplace
|
| Figure 6-1 |
Global industry sales,
average annual growth rate, by sector: 1990–2001 |
| Figure 6-2 |
High-technology industry
share of total manufacturing output in selected countries: 1980–2001 |
| Figure 6-3 |
Value added by U.S.
industries as percentage of gross output: 1980–2001 |
| Figure 6-4 |
Value added in Singapore
and Malaysian industries as percentage of gross output: 1990–2001 |
| Figure 6-5 |
Country share of global
high-technology market in selected countries: 1980–2001 |
| Figure 6-6 |
Industry spending on
capital equipment: 1990–2002 |
| Figure 6-7 |
U.S. global market share,
by high-technology industry: 1980–2001 |
| Figure 6-8 |
U.S. exports as percentage
of gross output: 1980–2001 |
| Figure 6-9 |
High-technology exports
in selected countries: 1980–2001 |
| Figure 6-10 |
World exports in high-technology
industries in selected countries: 2001 |
| Figure 6-11 |
Global revenues generated
by five knowledge-intensive service industries in selected countries:
2001 |
| Figure 6-12 |
U.S. trade balance of
royalties and fees: 1987–2001 |
| Figure 6-13 |
U.S. royalties and fees
generated from exchange of industrial processes between unaffiliated
companies in selected countries: 2001 |
| Figure 6-14 |
Leading indicators of
technological competitiveness in selected countries: 2002 |
| Figure 6-15 |
Composite scores for
four leading indicators in selected countries: 1999 and 2002 |
| Figure 6-16 |
U.S. industrial R&D
performance: 1987–2000 |
| Figure 6-17 |
Japan industrial R&D
performance: 1987–2000 |
| Figure 6-18 |
European Union industrial
R&D performance: 1992–99 |
| Figure 6-19 |
U.S. patents granted,
by residence of inventor: 1986–2001 |
| Figure 6-20 |
U.S. patents granted
to foreign inventors in selected countries, by residence of inventor:
1986–2001 |
| Figure 6-21 |
U.S. patent applications,
by residence of inventor: 1989–2001 |
| Figure 6-22 |
U.S. patent applications
filed by selected foreign inventors, by residence of inventor: 1989–2001 |
| Figure 6-23 |
Patents granted to nonresident
inventors in selected countries: 1985, 1990, and 2000 |
| Figure 6-24 |
Patents granted to residents
of United States, Japan, and Germany in selected countries: 2000 |
| Figure 6-25 |
U.S. venture capital
disbursements, by industry: 1999–2000 and 2001–2002 |
| Figure 6-26 |
U.S. venture capital
disbursements, by stage of financing: 1992–2002 |
| Figure 6-27 |
Value of average investment
by venture capital funds, by stage of financing: 1992–2002 |
| Figure 6-28 |
Companies reporting
IT-based innovation in past 12 months or expected innovation in
next 12 months, by sector: 2001 |
| Figure 6-29 |
Type of innovation contributing
most to company revenue, by sector: 2001 |
| Figure 6-30 |
Internal and external
factors contributing to IT-based innovation: 2001 |
|
| Chapter 7. Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Public Understanding
|
| Figure 7-1 |
Sources of information
in United States: 2001 |
| Figure 7-2 |
Leading sources of information
on scientific developments in Europe: 2001 |
| Figure 7-3 |
Use of broadcast versus
online news: 1993–2001 |
| Figure 7-4 |
Science titles added
to New York Times bestseller list: 1945–2000 |
| Figure 7-5 |
Type of establishment
visited during past 12 months: 2001 |
| Figure 7-6 |
Public understanding
of scientific terms and concepts: 2001 |
| Figure 7-7 |
Understanding of Daubert
guidelines for admitting scientific evidence: 2001 |
| Figure 7-8 |
Public assessment of
astrology: 1979–2001 |
| Figure 7-9 |
Belief in paranormal
phenomena: 1990 and 2001 |
| Figure 7-10 |
Public belief in benefits
of science and technology, by level of related knowledge: 2001 |
| Figure 7-11 |
Public concerns about
science and technology, by level of related knowledge: 2001 |
| Figure 7-12 |
Public priorities for
environmental protection vs. economic growth: 1984–2003 |
| Figure 7-13 |
Public expressing confidence
in leadership of selected institutions: 1973–2002 |
|
| Chapter 8. State Indicators
|
| Figure 8-1 |
Quartile groups for eighth grade mathematics performance: 2000 |
| Figure 8-2 |
Quartile groups for eighth grade science performance: 2000 |
| Figure 8-3 |
Quartile groups for public school teacher salaries: 2000 |
| Figure 8-4 |
Quartile groups for bachelor's degrees conferred per 1,000 18–24-year-olds: 2000 |
| Figure 8-5 |
Quartile groups for NS&E; bachelor's degrees conferred per 1,000 18–24-year-olds: 2000 |
| Figure 8-6 |
Quartile groups for S&E; degrees as share of higher education degrees conferred: 2000 |
| Figure 8-7 |
Quartile groups for advanced S&E; degrees as share of S&E; degrees conferred, by state: 2000 |
| Figure 8-8 |
Quartile groups for bachelor's degree holders as share of workforce: 2002 |
| Figure 8-9 |
Quartile groups for scientists and engineers as share of workforce: 1999 |
| Figure 8-10 |
Quartile groups for individuals in S&E; occupations as share of workforce: 1999 |
| Figure 8-11 |
Quartile groups for S&E; doctorate holders as share of workforce: 2001 |
| Figure 8-12 |
Quartile groups for R&D; as share of GSP: 2000 |
| Figure 8-13 |
Quartile groups for Federal R&D; obligations per civilian worker: 2000 |
| Figure 8-14 |
Quartile groups for Federal R&D; obligations per individual in S&E; occupation: 1999 |
| Figure 8-15 |
Quartile groups for industry-performed R&D; as share of private-industry output: 2000 |
| Figure 8-16 |
Quartile groups for academic R&D; per $1,000 GSP: 2001 |
| Figure 8-17 |
Quartile groups for S&E; doctorates conferred per 1,000 S&E; doctorate holders: 2001 |
| Figure 8-18 |
Quartile groups for article output per 1,000 S&E; doctorate holders in academia: 2001 |
| Figure 8-19 |
Quartile groups for academic article output per $1 million of academic R&D;: 2001 |
| Figure 8-20 |
Quartile groups for academic patents awarded per 1,000 S&E; doctorate holders in academia: 1999 |
| Figure 8-21 |
Quartile groups for patents awarded per 1,000 individuals in S&E; occupations: 1999 |
| Figure 8-22 |
Quartile groups for high-technology share of all business establishments: 2000 |
| Figure 8-23 |
Quartile groups for employment in high-technology establishments as share of total employment: 2000 |
| Figure 8-24 |
Quartile groups for venture capital disbursed per $1,000 of GSP: 2001 |
|
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