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Democracy and Governance in Nigeria
Following on the 1999 transition from military dictatorship to elected
government, Nigeria successfully concluded a second, largely peaceful round of democratic elections in
2003, leading to the first civilian to civilian electoral transition in 43 years of independence. In the opening
months of his second term in office, President Obasanjo has taken a number of positive steps to improve
economic and social conditions for Nigeria’s citizens, address corruption, improve service provision, and
to fight HIV/AIDS. Despite these efforts, public support for and trust in the current administration in
Nigeria is weakening. While more than two-thirds of Nigerians continue to concur that democracy is
preferable to any other form of government, their trust in institutions and leaders declined significantly in
2003 and the President’s approval rating dipped from 72% to 58%. Improved performance in economic
management, health and education service delivery, conflict resolution, and ensuring household food
security is urgently needed to rebuild public confidence in government.
Primary U. S. national interests in Nigeria are reinforcing democracy and good governance, combating
international crime and trafficking in persons, promoting global economic growth and stability, battling
HIV/AIDS, and preventing regional conflict. As the most populous sub-Saharan African nation and as an
established leader in regional initiatives, including the New Partnership for Africa’s Development
(NEPAD), Nigeria’s prosperity and stability are essential to growth and stability in West Africa and more
generally to the continent as a whole. Nigeria also supplies about 10% of U. S. crude oil requirements, is
our second-largest trading partner in Africa, and is the recipient of significant U.S. foreign investment.
(Excerpted from the 2005 Congressional Budget Justification for Nigeria)
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