Cyclosporiasis
Description
Cyclospora cayetanensis, previously known
as cyanobacterium-like, coccidia-like, and cyclospora-like bodies
(CLB), is a protozoan parasite that causes gastrointestinal infection.
Occurrence
Infection can be acquired worldwide by persons of
all ages. Outbreaks in North America have been linked to various
types of imported fresh produce. Infection is acquired by ingestion
of water or food contaminated with the parasite. Usually the symptoms
of infection begin about 1 week later.
Risk for Travelers
Travelers to low-income countries can be at increased
risk for this infection, and the risk can vary with the season. Which
season is of greatest risk varies by country. For example, in Nepal,
risk of infection is greater in the summer and rainy season.
Clinical Presentation
Infection can be asymptomatic or manifested by such
symptoms as watery diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, bloating,
increased gas, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, muscle
aches, and low-grade fever. Some travelers first notice influenzalike
symptoms. If untreated, the illness can last for weeks to months,
and the symptoms can come and go.
Prevention
No vaccine is available. Travelers to resource-poor
countries should be advised to follow the precautions in Risks
From Food and Drink. Direct, person-to-person
transmission is unlikely because the parasite is not immediately
infectious when excreted.
Treatment
The treatment of choice is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Travelers may also be advised to consult with an infectious disease
specialist. Physicians may consult CDC about patients who are allergic
to or intolerant of sulfa-containing medications. For more information,
see the Division of Parasitic Diseases website at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/cyclospora/factsht_cyclospora.htm and http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/cyclospora/healthcare_cyclospora.htm.
— Barbara
Herwaldt
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