As a consequence of the Northridge earthquake, the Los Angeles
Division of Water and Power (LADWP) water delivery system required
repairs at over 1,000 locations. A Cornell University research team
at the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research
headquartered at the University of Buffalo (EEC-9701471), led by
Professor Thomas O’Rourke and including graduate and undergraduate
students, collected data on nearly 1,100 repair sites and digitized
about 11,000 km of distribution mains and 1,000 km of trunk lines.
This became the foundation for the largest geographic information
system (GIS) database on lifeline seismic performance ever assembled
in the US. In addition to assistance from LADWP, key information
and data on pipeline characteristics, and pre and post event system
surveys using Global Positioning System control points were contributed
by the Southern California Metropolitan Water District, CalTrans,
and the Los Angeles Bureau of Engineering. The relational database
was further enhanced by addition of more than 240 corrected strong
ground motion records, vectors of earthquake induced horizontal
displacement, heave and settlement, surficial soils distribution
and depths to water table. The outcome is a rich characterization
of the world beneath Angelenos’ feet, and is being used as
a template for modeling water supply losses in other US urban areas
through incorporation in ASCE prestandards and FEMA’s HAZUS
loss estimation methodology. |