Exposure to lead is a significant health concern, especially for
young children and infants whose growing bodies tend to absorb more
lead than the average adult. Drinking water is one possible source
of lead exposure. (For more on sources, click here.
Infants whose diets consist mainly of liquid can get 40 - 60% of
their lead exposure from water. Some drinking water pipes, taps,
solder and other plumbing components contain lead. Lead in the plumbing
may leach into water and pose a health risk when consumed.
Testing water in schools and day care facilities is important
because children spend a significant portion of their days in these
facilities,
and likely consume water while there. The longer water remains
in contact with leaded plumbing, the more opportunity exists for
lead
to leach into water. As a result, facilities with on again/off
again water use patterns, such as schools and day care facilities,
may
have elevated lead concentrations in the water.
EPA recommends that action be taken at a specific outlet when
the lead concentration is over 20 parts per billion (ppb). (Note:
this
is different from the 15 ppb action level required for public water
systems. For an explanation, see an Excerpt
from the Preamble to the Lead and Copper Final Rule.
Lead comes from the plumbing.
Even though water delivered from the community's public water supply
must meet EPA standards for lead
, a building may still have too much lead in the drinking water
because of lead and lead-containing plumbing materials and water
use patterns. Testing the water at each outlet is the only sure
way to find out if the water contains too much lead (over 20
ppb).
Testing for lead at a school or day care.
EPA
strongly encourages schools and day care facilities to test the
water for lead, particularly if food, drinks, and/or formula are
prepared on-site.
Each outlet should be tested separately for lead. For more on testing,
including guidance for developing a sampling program and information
on remedies, click here .
Lead in drinking water is not a problem for only old or only
new buildings. Lead solder with more than 0.2% lead and plumbing
with more than 8% lead were banned in 1987. (Click
here to go to EPA's Lead Ban pamphlet. Buildings did not have
to be built with certified "lead-free" fixtures until
1997. See (http://www.epa.gov/safewater/standard/plumbing.html
and even new, certified components can leach some lead. See http://www.nsf.org/business/water_distribution/dwa_usepa.asp
In Philadelphia, a review of test results from almost 300 school
locations indicated that there was no correlation between age of
building and number of outlets with elevated lead concentrations.
(See Graph and Explanatory Text)
( 8 K PDF FILE) The age of the
building is not necessarily the age of the plumbing, when repairs
and renovations are considered. Many factors that contribute to
lead concentrations in water, including water characteristics and
plumbing components. In some cases, older buildings, despite having
leaded plumbing components, do not leach significant amounts of
lead into the water.
What do I do when I find lead in the
water?
Fact Sheet: Is there Lead in the
Drinking Water? You can reduce the risk of lead exposure from drinking
water in educational facilities (
749 K PDF FILE) EPA 903-F-01-002,
April 2002
You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader to view the Adobe PDF
files on this page. See EPA's PDF
page for more information about getting and using the free Acrobat Reader. |
|
Lead leaches into water through corrosion of:
Pipes
Solder
Fixtures and faucets
Fittings
Did you know......
that most brass contains some lead? It's used to make
the metal malleable for manufacturing processes. |
Faucet aerators can catch particles of lead, too.
|
Many factors influence corrosion:
Water Characteristics
Hardness
pH
velocity of flow
temperature
chlorine level
Other Factors
age and condition of pipe
presence of electrical wires grounded to water pipes |
I want to learn more about:
- Lead Poisoning
- Other school-related issues
- Safe Drinking Water Act, Lead and Copper Rule
- Other drinking water issues
- Plumbing standards |
|