![MMWR logo](/peth04/20041018161533im_/http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/images/02_mmwr_logo.gif)
State Estimates of Neonatal Health-Care Costs Associated with
Maternal Smoking—United States, 1996
For the first time, CDC has
released estimates for neonatal health care costs associated with a
mother's smoking status while she was pregnant. Data is reported for
each state, by mother's demographic characteristics, and insurance
status. The estimates are generated using the Maternal and Child
Health Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Morbidity and Economic Costs
(MCH SAMMEC) software.
Smoking During Pregnancy—United States, 1990–2002
In 2002, women were far less
likely to smoke while pregnant than a decade ago. Rates of smoking
during pregnancy in the United States have consistently declined
since 1990. All states that have collected these data since 1990 had
significantly lower rates in 2002, several, more than 50 percent
lower. Teenage mothers 15 to 19 years of age continue to have high
smoking rates. In fact, over this same time period, rates of smoking
during pregnancy for teenagers increased in a few states.
Surveillance for Disparities in Maternal Health-Related
Behaviors—Selected States, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring
System (PRAMS),
2000–2001
This report summarizes PRAMS data for 2000–2001 from eight states on
four behaviors for which such disparities have been identified
previously. Overall, the prevalence of smoking during pregnancy
ranged from 9.0% to 17.4%, prevalence of alcohol use during
pregnancy ranged from 3.4% to 9.9%, prevalence of breastfeeding
initiation ranged from 54.8% to 89.6%, and use of the back sleep
position for infants ranged from 49.7% to 74.8%.
Racial/Ethnic Trends in Fetal Mortality—United States, 1990–2000
CDC analyzed 1990–2000 data from
the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS). The findings indicate
substantial reductions in fetal deaths, primarily because of
reductions in late fetal deaths (>28 weeks' gestation)
compared with early fetal deaths (20–27 weeks' gestation). Despite
these reductions, racial/ethnic disparities in fetal deaths persist,
particularly among non-Hispanic blacks. Prevention strategies should
recognize fetal deaths as a public health problem, improve fetal
death surveillance and reporting, target etiologic research, and
educate practitioners in identifying women at risk.
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Review the improved
Sudden Unexplained Infant Death Investigation Report Form (SUIDIRF)
CDC is leading the national effort to
improve the scope and quality of information collected and used to
diagnose infant deaths.![Mother, baby and child image](/peth04/20041018161533im_/http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/MCHEpi/2004/images/2004mom_red.gif)
Tenth Annual
Maternal and
Child Health Epidemiology Conference
Please join us at the 10th annual
conference in Atlanta, GA, December 8–10, 2004.
Can Changes in Sexual Behaviors Among High School Students Explain
the Decline in Teen Pregnancy Rates in the 1990s?
This recent article published in the Journal of Adolescent Health
explores the national decline in teen pregnancy and birth rates.
Overall, 53% of the decline in pregnancy rates can be attributed to
decreased sexual experience and 47% to improved contraceptive use.
These data suggest that both delayed initiation of sexual
intercourse and improved contraceptive practice contributed equally
to declines in pregnancy rates among high school-aged teens during
the 1990s. Journal of Adolescent Health 2004 Aug;35(2):80–90.
![Safe Motherhood At A Glance cover](/peth04/20041018161533im_/http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/images/smh_aag2004.gif)
Safe
Motherhood: Promoting
Health for Women Before, During, and
After Pregnancy 2004, At A Glance
PFA
for Windows (WinPFA)![PFA logo](/peth04/20041018161533im_/http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/images/pfa.gif)
WinPFA is the new Windows-compatible update of Patient Flow
Analysis. These are software systems that document staff (or
personnel) use and client (or patient) flow in health service
clinics.
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