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Surveillance and Research
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PRAMS, the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, is a surveillance project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. PRAMS collects state-specific, population-based data on maternal attitudes and experiences prior to, during, and immediately following pregnancy.
PRAMS was initiated in 1987 because infant mortality rates were no longer declining as rapidly as they had in prior years. In addition, the incidence of low-birth-weight infants had changed little in the previous 20 years. Research has indicated that maternal behaviors during pregnancy may influence infant birth weight and mortality rates. The goal of the PRAMS project is to improve the health of mothers and infants by reducing adverse outcomes such as low birth weight, infant mortality and morbidity, and maternal morbidity. PRAMS provides state-specific data for planning and assessing health programs and for describing maternal experiences that may contribute to maternal and infant health.
PRAMS provides data for state health officials to use to improve the health of mothers and infants.
PRAMS allows CDC and the states to monitor changes in maternal and child health indicators (e.g., unintended pregnancy, prenatal care, breast-feeding, smoking, drinking, infant health).
PRAMS enhances information from birth certificates used to plan and review state maternal and infant health programs.
The PRAMS sample is chosen from all women who had a live birth recently, so findings can be applied to the state's entire population of women who have recently delivered a liveborn infant.
PRAMS not only provides state-specific data but also allows comparisons among participating states because the same data collection methods are used in all states.
What
states participate in Prams?
Thirty-one states and New York City currently participate in PRAMS. Four other states previously participated.
PRAMS provides data not available from other sources about pregnancy and the first few months after birth. These data can be used to identify groups of women and infants at high risk for health problems, monitor changes in health status, and measure progress towards goals in improving the health of mothers and infants.
PRAMS data are used by state and local governments to plan and review programs and policies aimed at reducing health problems among mothers and babies.
PRAMS data are used by state agencies to identify other agencies that have important contributions to make in planning maternal and infant health programs and develop partnerships with those agencies.
The PRAMS questionnaire includes core questions that are asked by all the states and state-specific questions that are chosen or developed by individual states. The core portion of the questionnaire includes questions about the following:
The PRAMS questionnaire consists of two parts. First, there are core questions that appear on every states' surveys. Second, states may tailor their questionnaire to meet state needs by drawing additional questions from a pretested list of standard questions or by developing questions on their own. The following documents are lists of the core and standard questions. The Phase V documents include the most recent version of the survey questions that went into the field in all states beginning in 2004.
Phase 5 (2004–2007) Core Questions DOC 116KB
Phase 5 (2004–2007) Standard Questions DOC 197KB
Previous Versions of PRAMS Questions
Phase 4 (2000–2003) Questions by Topic. DOC 446KB
Phase 4 (2000–2003) Core Questions PDF 152KB
Phase 4 (2000–2003) Standard Questions DOC 126KB
Spanish Phase 4 Core Questions DOC 132KB
Spanish Phase 4 Standard Questions DOC 231KB
Phase 3 (1996–1999) Core Questions DOC 32KB
Phase 3 (1996–1999) Standard Questions DOC 30KB
Phase 3 (1996–1999) Questions by Topics DOC 270KB
The PRAMS sample of women who have had a recent live birth is drawn from the state's birth certificate file. Each participating state samples between 1,300 and 3,400 women per year. Women from some groups are sampled at a higher rate to ensure adequate data are available in smaller but higher risk populations. Selected women are first contacted by mail. If there is no response to repeated mailings, women are contacted and interviewed by telephone. Data collection procedures and instruments are standardized to allow comparisons between states.
Click here for a more detailed description of the PRAMS methodology.
Click
here for Prams Model Protocol Version 3 (Zip File 480KB)*
*About Zip Files
Is PRAMS data available to outside researchers?
Yes. Requests for PRAMS data from multiple states are reviewed on an individual basis by CDC and the participating PRAMS states using a standard proposal format. Please find proposal guidelines and a table listing states and years of available data for analysis below.
For more information
about the request and proposal process, please send an inquiry to
ccdinfo@cdc.gov.
Requests for PRAMS data for a single state should be directed to that
state's PRAMS coordinator (see map on PRAMS Web site and click on the state
of interest for contact information).
List of Publications Using Multistate PRAMS Data
MMWR Weekly Reports
Surveillance for Selected Maternal Behaviors and Experiences
Surveillance for Disparities in Maternal Health-Related Behaviors—Selected States, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2000–2001 Source: MMWR July 2, 2004/ 53(SS04);1-13
Surveillance for Selected Maternal Behaviors and Experiences Before, During, and After Pregnancy Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 2000 Source: MMWR November 14, 2003/ 52(SS11); 1–14.
HIV Testing
HIV Testing Among Pregnant Women—United States and Canada, 1998–2001 Source: MMWR November 15, 2002 / 51(45);1013–1016.
Prevalence of Selected Maternal Behaviors and Experiences, 1999
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 1999 Source: MMWR, April 26, 2002 / 51(SS02);1–26.
Infant Sleep Position
Progress in Reducing Risky Infant Sleeping Positions—13 States, 1996–1997 Source: MMWR, October 08, 1999 / 48(39);878–882.
Prevalence of Selected Maternal and Infant Characteristics, 1997
Prevalence of Selected Maternal and Infant Characteristics, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), 1997 Source: MMWR, September 24, 1999 / 48(SS05);1–37.
PRAMS Special Reports
From Data to Action, Using Surveillance To Promote Public Health: Examples from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) |
PDF 599KB
PRAMS Surveillance Reports
PRAMS- Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System 1999 Surveillance Report
PRAMS- Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System 1998 Surveillance Report
PRAMS- Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System 1997 Surveillance Report
PRAMS- Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System 1996 Surveillance Report
- PRAMS- Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System 1995 Surveillance Report
PRAMS Factsheets
PRAMS and Unintended Pregnancy |
Go to What States Participate in PRAMS to see lists of state publications using PRAMS data
For more information about PRAMS, click here.
Accessibility note: DRH strives to make information available to all users. However, portions of our files including charts, tables, and graphics may be difficult to read using assistive technology. If you cannot open or read the PDF file, please contact us.
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This page last reviewed October 14, 2004.
United States Department of Health and
Human Services
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Division of Reproductive Health
Pregnancy
Risk Assessment Monitoring System 