As the nation moves toward the twenty-first century, the fundamental challenge facing
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the same as it was in its early
days over 50 years ago --- improving the quality of peoples lives by preventing
disease, injury, and disability through collaboration with public and private partners
throughout the world.
CDC seeks to improve health, but to do so in economically responsible ways. When human
and financial resources are limited, public health efforts must focus on prevention
strategies that yield the most benefit for the investment. Fortunately, many current
prevention strategies already offer excellent opportunities to promote good health at a
reasonable cost.
Measuring the
Costs
This report outlines 19 strategies and demonstrates how spending money to prevent
disease and injury and promote healthy lifestyles makes good economic sense. Each
prevention strategy was evaluated based on ---
the health impact of the related disease, injury, or disability
on U.S. society;
the effectiveness of the
prevention strategy;
the costs of the disease,
injury, or disability; and
the cost-effectiveness of the
strategy.
Some childhood vaccines, for example, save up to $29 in direct medical costs for
each dollar spent. Other strategies, such as yearly mammograms, carry a net cost but are
considered cost-effective because they give considerable value in return for the money
invested.
By using a standardized method to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of
each strategy, the authors have established a starting point for comparing the variety of
information. The result is a sound economic guideline for making prevention decisions and
allocating money.
To reach their conclusions, the authors reviewed an array of research studies. Although
these studies were chosen through extensive search and rigorous evaluation, the
information presented is limited by the methods, assumptions, and accuracy of the original
research. Many studies were conducted in specific populations, for example, and the reader
should exercise caution in generalizing the findings. Because of these limitations,
continued research is needed to further demonstrate the effectiveness and
cost-effectiveness of these and other public health strategies.
A summary of the assumptions and variables used in the original studies is provided on
the inside back cover. For more information regarding particular studies or prevention
strategies, please consult the cited references.
As the nation moves toward the twenty-first century, the fundamental challenge facing
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the same as it was in its early
days over 50 years ago --- improving the quality of peoples lives by preventing
disease, injury, and disability through collaboration with public and private partners
throughout the world.
CDC seeks to improve health, but to do so in economically responsible ways. When human
and financial resources are limited, public health efforts must focus on prevention
strategies that yield the most benefit for the investment. Fortunately, many current
prevention strategies already offer excellent opportunities to promote good health at a
reasonable cost.