Our
bodies create a tremendous amount of internal heat. We normally cool ourselves
by sweating and radiating heat through the skin. Under certain circumstances,
such as unusually high temperatures, high humidity, or vigorous exercise in hot
weather, this natural cooling system may begin to fail, allowing internal heat
to build up to dangerous levels. The result may be heat illness, which can be in
the form of heat cramps, heat exhaustion, or heatstroke.
Heat Cramps
Heat cramps are brief, severe
cramps in the muscles of the leg, arm, or abdomen that may occur during or after
vigorous exercise in extreme heat. They are painful but not serious. Children
are particularly susceptible to heat cramps when they have not been drinking
enough fluids.
Most heat cramps do not require special treatment. A cool place, rest, and
fluids should ease the child's discomfort. Massaging cramped muscles may also
help.
Heat Exhaustion
Heat exhaustion is a more
severe heat illness that can occur when a person in a hot climate or environment
has not been drinking enough fluids. Symptoms can include dehydration (intense
thirst), fatigue, weakness, and clammy skin. There also may be headache, nausea
and/or vomiting,
hyperventilation (rapid breathing), or irritability.
If a child shows signs of heat exhaustion, resting in a cool area and
drinking fluids are the keys to recovery.
What to
Do:
- Bring the child indoors or into the shade.
- Loosen or remove clothing.
- Encourage food and drink.
- Give a bath in cool (not cold) water.
- Call the doctor for further advice. If the child is too exhausted or ill
to eat or drink, intravenous fluids may be necessary.
If left untreated, heat exhaustion may escalate into heat stroke, which can
be fatal.
