After birth, a newborn
may have a number of problems. Some problems may be due to difficulties
during the birthing process; many of these problems affect the newborn's
ability to breathe properly. A newborn may be bigger or smaller
than usual or suffer from problems affecting blood, such as the
levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood being too high or too low. Birth
defects may be present (see Chromosomal and Genetic Abnormalities: Introduction). A newborn may have problems due
to the mother's health and health habits, such as smoking or use
of alcohol or drugs (especially those given immediately before birth
(see Pregnancy and Drug Use: Drug Use During Pregnancy)).
Infection may pass from mother to child, either during pregnancy or
during delivery.
Doctors may be able to
anticipate many problems by monitoring fetal growth and development,
particularly using ultrasound. Many newborns with problems are cared
for in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
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