|
|
|
|
Nobel
Laureates
Laureate
|
Field
|
Year
|
Supporting NIH Institute(s)
|
Dr.
Richard Axel, U.S.A., and Dr. Linda B. Buck, U.S.A. |
Physiology or Medicine |
2004
|
NIDCD, NCI, NIAID, NIMH,
NINDS, NIDDK |
Irwin
A. Rose, U.S.A., Avram Hershko, Israel, and Aaron Ciechanover, Israel |
Chemistry |
2004
|
NIAMD, NCI, NIAAA, NIGMS,
NIDDK |
Dr.
Roderick MacKinnon , U.S.A., and Dr. Peter Agre, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
2003
|
NHLBI, NEI, NIAAA, NIGMS,
NCRR, NINDS, NIDDK |
Paul C. Lauterbur, U.S.A. (shared
with P. Mansfield, U.K.) |
Physiology or Medicine |
2003 |
NCRR, NCI, NHLBI, NIGMS, NIMH |
John B. Fenn,
U.S.A. (shared with K. Tanaka, Japan and K. Wüthrich, Switzerland |
Chemistry |
2002
|
NIGMS |
H. Robert Horvitz,
U.S.A. (shared with S. Brenner, U.S.A. and J.E. Sulston, U.K.) |
Physiology or medicine |
2002
|
NIGMS, NCI, NICHD |
Leland
H. Hartwell, U.S.A. (shared with P.M. Nurse and R.T. Hunt, U.K.) |
Physiology or medicine |
2001
|
NIGMS, NCI, NCRR |
K. Barry Sharpless,
U.S.A. (shared with W.S. Knowles, U.S.A. and R. Noyori, Japan) |
Chemistry |
2001
|
NIGMS, NHLBI |
Paul
Greengard, U.S.A. (shared with E. Kandel, U.S.A. and A. Carlsson,
Sweden) |
Physiology or medicine
|
2000
|
NIMH, NIA, NIDA, NINDS,
NIAAA, NHLBI, NIAMS |
Erik R. Kandel, U.S.A.
(shared with P. Greengard, U.S.A. and A. Carlsson, Sweden) |
"
|
2000
|
NIMH, NIGMS, NINDS, NCRR |
James
J. Heckman, U.S.A. (shared with D. McFadden, U.S.A.) |
Economic sciences |
2000
|
NICHD, NIMH |
Daniel L. McFadden,
U.S.A. (shared with J. Heckman, U.S.A.) |
"
|
2000
|
NIA |
Günter
Blobel, U.S.A. |
Physiology or medicine
|
1999
|
NIGMS, NCI |
Robert Furchgott,
U.S.A. (shared with L. Ignarro and F. Murad, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1998
|
NIGMS, NHLBI, NINDS |
Louis
Ignarro, U.S.A. (shared with F. Murad and R. Furchgott, U.S. A.) |
"
|
1998
|
NHLBI, NIAMS, NICHD |
Ferid Murad, U.S.A.
(sared with L. Ignarro and R. Furchgott, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1998
|
NIGMS, NHLBI, NIDDK |
Paul
D. Boyer, U.S.A. (shared with J.C. Skou, ) |
Chemistry |
1997
|
NIGMS, NIDDK |
Jens C. Skou, Denmark
(shared with P.D. Boyer) |
"
|
1997
|
NINDS |
Stanley
B. Prusiner, U.S.A. Phyisology or medicine |
Phyisology or medicine |
1997
|
NINDS, NIA, NCRR, NIGMS |
Edward B. Lewis,
U.S.A. (shared with C. Nusslein-Volhard, Germany, and E.F. Wieschaus,
U.S.A.) |
"
|
1995
|
NICHD, NIGMS |
Eric
F. Wieschaus, U.S.A. (shared with E.B. Lewis, U.S.A., and C. Nusslein-Volhard,
Germany) |
"
|
1995
|
NICHD |
Alfred G. Gilman,
U.S.A. (shared with M. Rodbell, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1994
|
NIGMS, NINDS |
Martin Rodbell, U.S.A. (shared with A.G. Gilman, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1994
|
NIEHS, NIDDK |
George A. Olah,
U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1994
|
NCI, NIGMS |
Phillip
A. Sharp, U.S.A. (shared with R. Roberts, U.K.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1993
|
NIGMS, NCI, NIAID, DRS,
NCRR |
Richard Roberts,
U.K. (shared with P.A. Sharp, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1993
|
NCRR, NLM, NCHGR, NCI, NIGMS |
Kary
B. Mullis, U.S.A. (shared with M. Smith, Canada) |
Chemistry |
1993
|
NHBLI, NIAID, NIGMS |
Michael Smith, Canada
(shared with K.B. Mullis, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1993
|
NIGMS |
Edwin
G. Krebs, U.S.A (shared with E.H. Fisher, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine
|
1992
|
NIDDK, NIGMS, NIAMS |
Edmond H. Fisher,
U.S.A. (shared with E.G. Krebs, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1992
|
NIDDK, NIGMS, NIAMS |
Gary
Becker, U.S.A. |
Economics |
1992
|
NICHD |
Elias J. Corey,
U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1990
|
NIGMS, NCRR, NCI, NHLBI, NIAID |
E.
Donnall Thomas, U.S.A. (shared with J.E. Murray, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1990
|
NCI, NIAID, NIDDK |
Joseph E. Murray,
U.S.A. (shared with E.D. Thomas, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1990
|
NHLBI, NIAID |
Sidney
Altman, U.S.A. (shared with T. Cech, U.S.A.) |
Chemistry |
1989
|
NIGMS, NICHD |
Thomas Cech, U.S.A.
(shared with S. Altman, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1989
|
NIGMS, NCI |
J.
Michael Bishop, U.S.A (shared with H.E. Varmus, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1989
|
NCI |
Harold E. Varmus,
U.S.A. (shared with J.M. Bishop, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1989
|
NCI, NIAID |
Susumu
Tonegawa, Japan |
" |
1987
|
NIAID |
Donald J. Cram,
U.S.A. (shared with C.J. Pederson, U.S.A., and Jean-Marie Lehn, France) |
Chemistry |
1987
|
NIGMS |
Stanley
Cohen, U.S.A. (shared with R. Levi-Montalcini, U.S.A./Italy) |
Physiology or medicine |
1986
|
NICHD, NIGMS |
Rita Levi-Montalcini,
U.S.A./Italy (shared with S. Cohen, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1986
|
NIMH, NINDS |
Herbert
A. Hauptman, U.S.A. (shared with J. Karle, U.S.A.) |
Chemistry |
1985
|
NIGMS, NIADDK, NHLBI,
DRR |
Michael S. Brown,
U.S.A. (shared with J.L. Goldstein, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1985
|
NHLBI, NIGMS, DRR |
Joseph
L. Goldstein, U.S.A. (shared with M.S. Brown, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1985
|
NHLBI, NIGMS, DRR |
R. Bruce Merrifield,
U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1984
|
NIDDK |
Henry
Taube, U.S.A. |
"
|
1983
|
NIGMS |
Sune Bergstrom,
Sweden (shared with J. R. Vane, U.K. and B. Samuelsson, Sweden) |
Physiology or medicine |
1982
|
NHLBI, NLM, NICHD |
John
R. Vane, U.K. (shared with S. Bergstrom and B. Samuelsson, Sweden) |
"
|
1982
|
DRG, NIGMS, NIMH |
Aaron Klug, U.K.
Chemistry 1982 NIAID |
|
|
|
Roald
Hoffmann, U.S.A. (shared with K. Fukui, Japan) |
"
|
1981
|
NIGMS |
David H. Hubel,
U.S.A. (shared with T. N. Wiesel, U.S.A./Sweden, and R. W. Sperry,
U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1981
|
NEI, NIGMS, NINDS, DRR |
Torsten
N. Wiesel, U.S.A./Sweden (shared with D. H. Hubel and R. W. Sperry,
U.S.A.) |
"
|
1981
|
NEI, DRR, NINDS |
Paul Berg, U.S.A.
(shared with W. Gilbert, U.S.A., and F. Sanger, U.K.) |
Chemistry |
1980
|
NIGMS, NCI |
Walter
Gilbert, U.S.A. (shared with P. Berg, U.S.A., and F. Sanger, U.K.) |
"
|
1980
|
NIGMS, NIDDK |
Baruj Benacerraf,
U.S.A. (shared with G. D. Snell, U.S.A., and J. Dausset, France) |
Physiology or medicine |
1980
|
NIAID, NCI |
George
D. Snell, U.S.A. (shared with B. Benacerraf, U.S.A., and J. Dausset,
France) |
"
|
1980
|
NIAID, NCI |
Jean Dausset, France
(shared with B. Benacerraf and G. D. Snell, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1980
|
NIAID, NCI |
Herbert
C. Brown, U.S.A. (shared with G. Wittig, W. Germany) |
Chemistry |
1979
|
NIGMS |
Hamilton O. Smith,
U.S.A. (shared with D. Nathans, U.S.A., and W. Arber, Switzerland) |
Physiology or medicine |
1978
|
NIGMS, NIAID |
Daniel
Nathans, U.S.A. (shared with H. O. Smith, U.S.A., and W. Arber, Switzerland) |
"
|
1978
|
NIGMS, NCI |
Roger C. L. Guillemin,
U.S.A. (shared with A. V. Schally and R. S. Yalow, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1977
|
NIDDK, NICHD, DRR |
Andrew
V. Schally, U.S.A. (shared with R. C. L. Guillemin and R. S. Yalow,
U.S.A.) |
"
|
1977
|
NIDDK, NICHD, NIGMS |
D.
Carleton Gajdusek, U.S.A. (shared with B. S. Blumberg, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1976
|
NINDS |
Baruch
S. Blumberg, U.S.A. (shared with D. C. Gajdusek, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1976
|
NHLBI, NCI |
William N. Lipscomb,
U.S.A |
Chemistry |
1976
|
NIGMS, DRG |
David
Baltimore, U.S.A. (shared with R. Dulbecco and H. M. Temin, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1975
|
NIAID, NCI |
Renato Dulbecco,
U.S.A. (shared with D. Baltimore and H. M. Temin, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1975
|
NIAID, NCI |
Howard
M. Temin, U.S.A. (shared with D. Baltimore and R. Dulbecco, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1975
|
NCI |
Albert Claude, Belgium
(shared with C. de Duve, Belgium, and G. E. Palade, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1974
|
NCI |
George
E. Palade, U.S.A. (shared with C. de Duve and A. Claude, Belgium) |
"
|
1974
|
NHLBI, NIGMS |
Christian de Duve,
Belgium (shared with A. Claude, Belgium, and G. E. Palade, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1974
|
NICHD, NIGMS, NHLBI, NIA |
Gerald
M. Edelman, U.S.A. (shared with R. R. Porter, U.K.) |
"
|
1972
|
NIDDK, NIAID, NICHD |
Rodney R. Porter,
U.K. (shared with G. M. Edelman, U.S.A.) " 1972 NIAID |
"
|
1972
|
NIAID |
Christian B. Anfinsen, U.S.A. (shared with S. Moore
and W. H. Stein, U.S.A.) |
Chemistry |
1972
|
NHLBI, NIDDK |
Stanford Moore,
U.S.A. (shared with C. B. Anfinsen and W. H. Stein, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1972
|
NIGMS, NINDS |
William
H. Stein, U.S.A. (shared with C. B. Anfinsen and S. Moore, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1972
|
NIGMS |
Earl W. Sutherland,
Jr., U.S.A |
Physiology or medicine |
1971
|
NIGMS, NHLBI, NIDDK |
Julius Axelrod, U.S.A. (shared with B. Katz, U.K.,
and U. von Euler, Sweden) |
"
|
1970
|
NHLBI, NIMH |
Ulf von Euler, Sweden
(shared with J. Axelrod, U.S.A., and B. Katz, U.K.) |
"
|
1970
|
NINDS |
Luis
Leloir, Argentina |
Chemistry |
1970
|
NIGMS, NIAID |
Max Delbruck, U.S.A.
(shared with A. D. Hershey and S. Luria, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1969
|
NIGMS |
Alfred
D. Hershey, U.S.A. (shared with M. Delbruck and S. Luria, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1969
|
NIGMS, NCI, NICHD |
Salvador Luria,
U.S.A. (shared with M. Delbruck and A. D. Hershey, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1969
|
NIAID, NIGMS, NCI |
Robert
W. Holley, U.S.A. (shared with H. G. Khorana and M. W. Nirenberg,
U.S.A.) |
"
|
1968
|
NIGMS, NCI |
H. Gobind Khorana,
U.S.A. (shared with R. W. Holley and M. W. Nirenberg, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1968
|
NIGMS, NCI, NIAID |
Marshall W. Nirenberg, U.S.A. (shared with R. W.
Holley and H. G. Khorana, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1968
|
NHLBI |
Lars Onsager, U.S.A. |
Chemistry
|
1968
|
NIGMS |
Haldan
K. Hartline, U.S.A. (shared with G. Wald, U.S.A., and R. Granit, Sweden) |
Physiology or medicine |
1967
|
NINDS, NEI |
George Wald, U.S.A.
(shared with H. K. Hartline, U.S.A., and R. Granit, Sweden) |
"
|
1967
|
NINDS, NEI |
Charles
B. Huggins, U.S.A. (shared with P. Rous, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1966
|
NCI, NIDDK, NIGMS |
Jacques L. Monod,
France (shared with F. Jacob and A. Lwoff, France) |
"
|
1965
|
NIAID |
Robert
B. Woodward, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1965
|
NIGMS, NHLBI, DRG, NIDDK |
Konrad Bloch, U.S.A.
(shared with F. Lynen, Germany) |
Physiology or medicine |
1964
|
NIGMS, NHLBI, DRG |
James
D. Watson, U.S.A. (shared with F. H. C. Crick and M. H. F. Wilkins,
U.K.) |
"
|
1962
|
NIGMS, NIDDK, NCI, DRR,
NIAID |
John C. Kendrew,
U.K. (shared with M. F. Perutz, U.K.) |
Chemistry |
1962
|
NIDDK |
Melvin
Calvin, U.S.A. |
"
|
1961
|
DRG, NCI |
Peter B. Medawar,
U.K. (shared with F. M. Burnet, Australia) |
Physiology or medicine |
1960
|
NIAID |
Arthur
Kornberg, U.S.A. (shared with S. Ochoa, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1959
|
NIGMS, NIAID, NCI, NIDDK,
NIA |
Severo Ochoa, U.S.A.
(shared with A. Kornberg, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1959
|
NIDDK, NIGMS, NCI, DRG |
George
W. Beadle, U.S.A. (shared with J. Lederberg and E. L. Tatum, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1958
|
NIGMS, NHLBI |
Joshua Lederberg,
U.S.A. (shared with G. W. Beadle and E. L. Tatum, U.S.A. |
"
|
1958
|
NIGMS, NIAID, NINDS, NICHD, DRR, NCI |
Edward
L. Tatum, U.S.A. (shared with G. W. Beadle and J. Lederberg, U.S.A.) |
"
|
1958
|
NIGMS, NCI |
Dickinson W. Richards,
Jr., U.S.A. (shared with A. Cournand, U.S.A., and W. Forssmann, Germany) |
"
|
1956
|
NIDDK, NCI, NHLBI, NIGMS |
Vincent
du Vigneaud, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1955
|
NHLBI, NCI, NIGMS, DRG |
Thomas H. Weller,
U.S.A. (shared with J. F. Enders and F. C. Robbins, U.S.A.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1954
|
NIAID, NIGMS |
Linus
C. Pauling, U.S.A. |
Chemistry |
1954
|
NIGMS, NHLBI, DRG, NIAID,
NCI |
Fritz A. Lipmann,
U.S.A. (shared with H. A. Krebs, U.K.) |
Physiology or medicine |
1953
|
NIGMS, NCI |
Philip
S. Hench, U.S.A. (shared with E. C. Kendall, U.S.A., and T. Reichstein,
Switzerland) |
"
|
1950
|
NIGMS |
E. O. Lawrence,
U.S.A. |
Physics |
1939
|
NCI |
NIH Scientists
1968 - Dr. Marshall W. Nirenberg,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology
or Medicine for discovering the key to deciphering the genetic code. Dr.
Nirenberg and two other researchers, working independently, with whom
he shared the prize, made major advances in understanding the chemical
mechanisms by which genetic language or information is translated into
various proteins that determine the nature and characteristics of all
living things. Dr. Nirenberg was the first NIH Nobelist and also the first
Federal employee to receive a Nobel Prize.
1970 - Dr. Julius Axelrod,
National Institute of Mental Health, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology
or Medicine with two scientists from England and Sweden for independent
research into the chemistry of nerve transmission. The three were cited
for their "discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve
terminals and the mechanisms for their storage, release and inactivation."
Specifically, Dr. Axelrod found an enzyme that terminates the action of
the nerve transmitter, noradrenaline. He also demonstrated that some antidepressant
drugs act by preventing the reuptake of noradrenaline and thus prolong
its action in the brain.
1972 - Dr. Christian B. Anfinsen
(formerly with the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive
Diseases) won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work "on ribonuclease,
especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and
the biologically active conformation." Dr. Anfinsen provided the first
clue to the structure of ribonuclease by demonstrating that it is comprised
of a single polypeptide chain. He and his colleagues at Rockefeller University
(with whom he shared the prize) demonstrated that the information required
to fold the polypeptide chain of ribonuclease into the specific three-dimensional
form of the active enzyme resides in the sequence of amino acids. Therefore,
it became clear that this protein could be synthesized in the laboratory
by joining the proper amino acids in the correct order and then allowing
the chain of amino acids to fold spontaneously. This led to the first
synthesis of an enzyme from chemicals in the laboratory. Such studies
are basic to an understanding of normal life processes as well as of inherited
metabolic diseases.
1976 - Dr. D. Carleton Gajdusek,
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, shared the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Dr. Baruch S. Blumberg, of the Institute
for Cancer Research in Philadelphia. They won the award for their discoveries
concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious
diseases. Dr. Blumberg was at NIH (with the National Institute of Arthritis
and Metabolic Diseases) in the 1960s, and did part of his prizewinning
research at NIH.
1994 - Dr. Martin Rodbell,
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, shared the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Dr. G. Alfred Gilman of the University
of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. Dr. Rodbell dis-
covered in 1970 that signal transmission requires a cellular molecule
called GTP. In 1977 Dr. Gillman identified the proteins to which GTP binds
and named them "G proteins." They are a family of proteins bound to the
cell surface membranes that serve as intermediaries between incoming signals
and cellular proteins that respond to these signals. Dr. Rodbell conducted
this research while an intramural scientist with the National Institute
of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases (now NIDDK).
|