Arizona Leopard Frogs: Balanced on the Brink?
References
Clarkson, R. W., and J. C. Rorabaugh. 1989. Status of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens complex: Ranidae) in Arizona and southeastern California. Southwestern Naturalist 34(4):531538. Corn, P. S., and J. C. Fogleman. 1984. Extinction of montane populations of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in Colorado. Journal of Herpetology 18:147152. Crump, M. L., and N. J. Scott, Jr. 1994. Standard techniques for inventory and monitoring--visual encounter surveys. Pages 8492 in W. R. Heyer, M. A. Donnelly, R. W. McDiarmid, L. C. Hayek, and M. S. Foster, editors. Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: standard methods for amphibians. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Frost, J. S., and J. T. Bagnara. 1977. Sympatry between Rana blairi and the southern form of leopard frog in southeastern Arizona (Anura: Ranidae). Southwestern Naturalist 22(4):443453. Griffith, B., J. M. Scott, J. W. Carpenter, and C. Reed 1989. Translocation as a species conservation tool: status and strategy. Science 245:477480. Hale, S. F. 1992. A survey of historical and potential habitat for the Tarahumara frog (Rana tarahumarae) in Arizona. J. M. Howland and M. J. Sredl, editors. Report to the Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, and U.S. Forest Service, Tucson, Ariz. 42 pp. Hale, S. F., and C. J. May. 1983. Status report for Rana tarahumarae Boulenger. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report, Albuquerque, N. Mex. 99 pp. Hale, S. F., and J. L. Jarchow. 1988. The status of the Tarahumara frog (Rana tarahumarae) in the United States and Mexico: Part 2. In C. R. Schwalbe and T. B. Johnson, editors. Report to the Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, N. Mex. 101 pp. Hale, S. F., C. R. Schwalbe, J. L. Jarchow, C. J. May, C. H. Lowe, and T. B. Johnson. 1995. Disappearance of the Tarahumara frog. Pages 138140 in E. T. LaRoe, G. S. Farris, C. E. Puckett, P. D. Doran, and M. J. Mac, editors. Our living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service, Washington, D.C. Hillis, D. M. 1988. Systematics of the Rana pipiens complex: puzzle and paradigm. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 19:3963. Jennings, M. R. 1994. Use of unverified museum databases for land management decisions: the case of native California frogs. Page 108 in American Society of Icthyologists and Herpetologists Annual Meeting, June 28. Abstract.	Jennings, M. R., and M. P. Hayes. 1995. Amphibian and reptiles of special concern in California. California Department of Fish and Game, Rancho Cordova. 255 pp. Jennings, R. D. 1993. Rediscovery of Rana onca in southern Nevada and taxonomic reevaluation of some Southwest leopard frogs. Page 178 in Annual Meeting of American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Austin, Texas 27 May2 June. Abstract. Jennings, R. D. 1995. Investigations of recently viable leopard frog populations in New Mexico: Rana chiricahuensis and Rana yavapaiensis. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe. 36 pp. Mecham, J. S., M. J. Littlejohn, R. S. Oldham, L. E. Brown, and J. R. Brown. 1973. A new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex) from the plains of the central United States. Occasional Papers of the Museum, Texas Tech University 18:118. Platz, J. E. 1984. Status report for Rana onca Cope. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report. 27 pp. Platz, J. E. 1993. Rana subaquavocalis, a remarkable new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex) from southeastern Arizona that calls under water. Journal of Herpetology 27:154162. Platz, J. E., and J. S. Frost. 1984. Rana yavapaiensis, a new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex). Copeia 1984:940948. Platz, J. E., and J. S. Mecham. 1979. Rana chiricahuensis, a new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex) from Arizona. Copeia 1979:383390. Platz, J. E., R. W. Clarkson, J. C. Rorabaugh, and D. M. Hillis. 1990. Rana berlandieri: recently introduced populations in Arizona and southeastern California. Copeia 1990:324333. Sredl, M. J., and D. L. Waters. 1995. Status of (most of the) leopard frogs in Arizona. Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force, Southwestern United States Working Group Meeting, Phoenix, Ariz. 56 January. Abstract. Sredl, M. J., and J. M. Howland. 1995. Conservation and management of Madrean populations of the Chiricahua leopard frog. Pages 379385 in L. F. DeBano, G. J. Gottfried, R. H. Hamre, C. B. Edminster, P. F. Ffoliot, and A. Ortega-Rubio, editors. Biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipelago: the Sky Islands of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report RM-GTR-264. Stebbins, R. C. 1985. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. 2nd edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Mass. 336 pp.

Arizona Leopard Frogs: Balanced on the Brink?

References

Clarkson, R. W., and J. C. Rorabaugh. 1989. Status of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens complex: Ranidae) in Arizona and southeastern California. Southwestern Naturalist 34(4):531538.

Corn, P. S., and J. C. Fogleman. 1984. Extinction of montane populations of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in Colorado. Journal of Herpetology 18:147152.

Crump, M. L., and N. J. Scott, Jr. 1994. Standard techniques for inventory and monitoring--visual encounter surveys. Pages 8492 in W. R. Heyer, M. A. Donnelly, R. W. McDiarmid, L. C. Hayek, and M. S. Foster, editors. Measuring and monitoring biological diversity: standard methods for amphibians. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

Frost, J. S., and J. T. Bagnara. 1977. Sympatry between Rana blairi and the southern form of leopard frog in southeastern Arizona (Anura: Ranidae). Southwestern Naturalist 22(4):443453.

Griffith, B., J. M. Scott, J. W. Carpenter, and C. Reed 1989. Translocation as a species conservation tool: status and strategy. Science 245:477480.

Hale, S. F. 1992. A survey of historical and potential habitat for the Tarahumara frog (Rana tarahumarae) in Arizona. J. M. Howland and M. J. Sredl, editors. Report to the Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, and U.S. Forest Service, Tucson, Ariz. 42 pp.

Hale, S. F., and C. J. May. 1983. Status report for Rana tarahumarae Boulenger. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report, Albuquerque, N. Mex. 99 pp.

Hale, S. F., and J. L. Jarchow. 1988. The status of the Tarahumara frog (Rana tarahumarae) in the United States and Mexico: Part 2. In C. R. Schwalbe and T. B. Johnson, editors. Report to the Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, N. Mex. 101 pp.

Hale, S. F., C. R. Schwalbe, J. L. Jarchow, C. J. May, C. H. Lowe, and T. B. Johnson. 1995. Disappearance of the Tarahumara frog. Pages 138140 in E. T. LaRoe, G. S. Farris, C. E. Puckett, P. D. Doran, and M. J. Mac, editors. Our living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service, Washington, D.C.

Hillis, D. M. 1988. Systematics of the Rana pipiens complex: puzzle and paradigm. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 19:3963.

Jennings, M. R. 1994. Use of unverified museum databases for land management decisions: the case of native California frogs. Page 108 in American Society of Icthyologists and Herpetologists Annual Meeting, June 28. Abstract.

Jennings, M. R., and M. P. Hayes. 1995. Amphibian and reptiles of special concern in California. California Department of Fish and Game, Rancho Cordova. 255 pp.

Jennings, R. D. 1993. Rediscovery of Rana onca in southern Nevada and taxonomic reevaluation of some Southwest leopard frogs. Page 178 in Annual Meeting of American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Austin, Texas 27 May2 June. Abstract.

Jennings, R. D. 1995. Investigations of recently viable leopard frog populations in New Mexico: Rana chiricahuensis and Rana yavapaiensis. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe. 36 pp.

Mecham, J. S., M. J. Littlejohn, R. S. Oldham, L. E. Brown, and J. R. Brown. 1973. A new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex) from the plains of the central United States. Occasional Papers of the Museum, Texas Tech University 18:118.

Platz, J. E. 1984. Status report for Rana onca Cope. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report. 27 pp.

Platz, J. E. 1993. Rana subaquavocalis, a remarkable new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex) from southeastern Arizona that calls under water. Journal of Herpetology 27:154162.

Platz, J. E., and J. S. Frost. 1984. Rana yavapaiensis, a new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex). Copeia 1984:940948.

Platz, J. E., and J. S. Mecham. 1979. Rana chiricahuensis, a new species of leopard frog (Rana pipiens complex) from Arizona. Copeia 1979:383390.

Platz, J. E., R. W. Clarkson, J. C. Rorabaugh, and D. M. Hillis. 1990. Rana berlandieri: recently introduced populations in Arizona and southeastern California. Copeia 1990:324333.

Sredl, M. J., and D. L. Waters. 1995. Status of (most of the) leopard frogs in Arizona. Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force, Southwestern United States Working Group Meeting, Phoenix, Ariz. 56 January. Abstract.

Sredl, M. J., and J. M. Howland. 1995. Conservation and management of Madrean populations of the Chiricahua leopard frog. Pages 379385 in L. F. DeBano, G. J. Gottfried, R. H. Hamre, C. B. Edminster, P. F. Ffoliot, and A. Ortega-Rubio, editors. Biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipelago: the Sky Islands of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report RM-GTR-264.

Stebbins, R. C. 1985. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. 2nd edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Mass. 336 pp.