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Recommendations
Additional
Information for Adolescent and Adult Vaccines
Additional
information and special considerations about vaccines recommended
for anyone 11 years of age and older
Introduction.
This page provides information about vaccines recommended for
adolescents and adults. Recommendations for adolescent and adult
vaccinations vary from person to person because so many factors
affect adult health. Discuss your need for vaccinations with
your doctor or healthcare professional and check
links on this page to find out more about
the vaccines you need. |
Contents of this page: General
Considerations | Health, Lifestyle,
and Work Status | Specific Vaccines
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General
Considerations |
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Health,
Lifestyle, and Work Status |
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Specific
Vaccines |
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More Information: related pages, sites, and contacts |
- Vaccines
for Adults
- Adult
Vaccination Schedule
- Vaccine-preventable
Adult Diseases
- Vaccines
for Travelers, the CDC Traveler’s Health web site
- Adolescent
and Adult Immunization
For adolescent and adult immunization information and educational
materials, visit the Immunization Action Coalition web site
(http://www.immunize.org/index.htm)
(exit
site)
- Childhood
Immunization
For childhood immunization and educational materials, see
the Childhood Schedule Information
on this site or visit the Immunization Action Coalition
web site: http://www.immunize.org/index.htm
(exit site)
- General
Information about Vaccines. For general information
about vaccinations, call the CDC National Immunization
Information Hotline, Monday-Friday, 8 a.m.-11 p.m.
(EST).
Call 1-(800) 232-2522 for information in English
Call 1-(800) 232-0233 for information in Spanish
(en Español)
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Vaccine Information Statements (VISs) -
To find out more about recommended childhood, adult, and
adolescent vaccines, look for Vaccine
Information Statements on this web site. For copies
of VISs in many languages, visit the Immunization Action
Coalition website: http://www.immunize.org/vis/
(exit
site)
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Considerations
for all adults |
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Even
when a vaccine is recommended, you may or may not need to receive
it. You should consider the factors listed here and discuss them
with your doctor or healthcare professional.
-
You
may have already received all recommended doses of a certain
vaccine; in this case, you may not need additional doses.
-
You
may recently have had a booster dose of a certain vaccine.
-
If you have had the disease already, you don’t need the
vaccine. This applies to the following diseases:
-
measles
-
mumps
-
rubella (German measles)
-
chickenpox
-
hepatitis A
-
hepatitis B
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Considerations
for adolescents (if you are 11 to 18 years of age) |
Many
teens and pre-teens still get sick with vaccine-preventable diseases
such as chickenpox and measles. Although these are thought of as
"childhood" diseases, anyone who is not vaccinated or
immune can be infected by these diseases. Some of these diseases,
like hepatitis B, can have serious consequences. If you are age
11-12 years old or a teenager and you have not had a recent visit
with your doctor to discuss vaccination or your overall health,
see your doctor or healthcare professional to talk about your
- health
status
- possible
risk factors for vaccine-preventable disease
- recommended
immunizations (could include chickenpox, measles, mumps, rubella
or German measles, tetanus, diphtheria, polio,
or flu)
- complete
vaccination for hepatitis B (series of 3 doses)
- possible
vaccination for hepatitis A (series of 2 doses) and meningitis
Some
schools and colleges require specific immunizations for admission,
and this can be especially important for older adolescents.
For
more information about vaccinations for adolescents,
see Vaccines
for Teens and College Students and review the recommended Childhood
and Adolescent Immunization Schedule. You
can also check the Catch-up
Schedule for information about missed vaccinations, including
vaccines to prevent diphtheria, tetanus, polio, measles, mumps,
rubella, hepatitis B virus infection, and chickenpox.
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If
you are pregnant |
- You
need influenza vaccine if you will be pregnant
during the flu season. In the United States, flu season generally
lasts from December through March; sometimes the season lasts
until April. One shot given in the fall
is recommended, and you can be vaccinated at any time during your
pregnancy. If you have an allergy to eggs, discuss your
allergy with your doctor and ask for advice about getting a flu
shot.
-
Check with your doctor to find out if you need hepatitis
B vaccine. You may need it because of your age or for
lifestyle reasons. You should also be screened for hepatitis B
virus infection. If your test is positive, your baby should receive
hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin at birth.
-
You should not receive measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and
chickenpox vaccines. If you need these shots, wait until
after delivery to get them. MMR is recommended
for individuals born in 1957 or later. Both MMR and chickenpox
vaccines are recommended for college students, healthcare workers,
and international travelers unless they have written proof of
immunization or proof of immunity.
For
more information about MMR, flu, and chickenpox vaccines
and who should get them, see Vaccines
for Adults.
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If
you work in a clinic, daycare, school, hospital,
or institution |
You
need vaccines not only to protect yourself from infection but to prevent
the spread of infection to the people you care for or work with.
- Possible
exposures. Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended if, through
your work, you are exposed to blood or bodily fluids.
- Work
with young children. If
you work with or care for young children, it is especially important
that you remain immune to vaccine-preventable childhood diseases
yourself so that you can't infect children who might not be fully
vaccinated. These diseases include chickenpox, measles, mumps,
rubella (German measles), and flu.
- Work
with the elderly. If you work with the elderly or with
those who require chronic care or treatments that suppress the
immune system, it is important that you are fully protected against
vaccine-preventable diseases so that you do not infect those in
your care or your co-workers. These diseases include measles,
chickenpox, and flu.
- Work
in a school. If you work in a school setting, you are
encouraged to consider a yearly flu vaccination and to make sure
all vaccinations are up to date. You might be exposed to vaccine-preventable
diseases carried by unvaccinated children, or you might be a carrier
who infects unvaccinated children and spreads disease to them
and their close contacts.
- Work
in an institution. If
you work in a hospital, or in a prison, jail, or corrective institution,
many of the patients, inmates, or residents may not be fully vaccinated
or may be at high risk for certain vaccine-preventable diseases.
Make sure you are up to date with vaccines so that you are fully
protected from vaccine-preventable diseases and so that you do
not act as a carrier for these diseases, which include measles,
mumps, rubella, chickenpox, and flu.
- Work
in a clinic or healthcare setting. If you work in clinic
or healthcare professional's office, you may interact with clients
or patients who are particularly susceptible to disease or at
high risk for complications from some diseases. To protect yourself,
the people
you care for, and your
colleagues, make sure that you have all the vaccines you need,
including annual influenza vaccination. When you are properly
vaccinated, you protect yourself from sickness and you avoid acting
as a carrier for diseases.
For
more information about chickenpox, measles, mumps, rubella,
flu, and hepatitis B vaccines and who should get them, see Vaccines
for Adults.
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If
you are traveling internationally |
- You
need hepatitis A vaccine (2 shots) if you are traveling to areas
where hepatitis A is widespread. Some international travel is
considered low risk. If you are traveling to Canada, western Europe,
Japan, Australia, or New Zealand, you are at no greater risk for
hepatitis A virus infection than in the U.S.
- You
need 2 doses of measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
vaccine unless you have already had 2 doses of vaccine, your blood
tests show that you are immune to all three diseases, or you were
born before 1957.
- You
need chickenpox vaccine if you think you have
never had chickenpox or have not had the chickenpox vaccine. You
need 1 shot if you are younger than 13 years old and 2 shots if
you are 13 years old or older.
- If
you are pregnant, you should not receive MMR or chickenpox
vaccines. If you need these vaccines, wait until after you deliver
your baby.
- Depending
on the country or countries you are visiting, you may need additional
vaccinations. You can find immunization recommendations for specific
countries on the CDC Traveler’s
Health web site. Talk with your doctor about any other shots
you may need.
For
more information about vaccines for hepatitis A, measles, mumps,
rubella (MMR), or chickenpox and who should get them, see Vaccines
for Adults.
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HIV
and vaccinations |
People
with HIV have special needs for the protection vaccines offer, but
some vaccines may not be appropriate for them. If HIV is a health
concern for you or someone you know, discuss any need for the vaccines
listed here with a doctor or healthcare professional.
- Chickenpox
(varicella)
You should check with your doctor or healthcare professional to
find out if you need chickenpox vaccine. This vaccine is not give
if your immune system is severely weakened or if you are pregnant.
- Hib
(Haemophilus Influenzae type B)
Most adolescents and adults do not need Hib vaccine. However,
people with HIV may need this vaccine. Ask your doctor or healthcare
professional about your need for this vaccine.
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Chickenpox
(varicella) vaccine |
Chickenpox
vaccine is recommended for those who have never had chickenpox or
have not been vaccinated against chickenpox. The vaccine is recommended
for
- anyone
11 to 18 years old
- college
students
- women
of childbearing age who are not pregnant
- healthcare
workers
- international
travelers
You
need 1 dose of chickenpox vaccine if you are younger than 13 years
of age. If you are 13 years old or older, you need 2 doses of chickenpox
vaccine.
The
vaccine should not be given to
- Anyone
who is pregnant. If
you are pregnant, you should not receive chickenpox
vaccine. Wait until after delivery of your baby to get this vaccine.
- Individuals
with severely weakened immune systems.
Chickenpox
can be a serious illness for people more than 14 years old.
For
more information about this topic, see the Chickenpox
Vaccine Information Statement
(VIS) or
Chickenpox VIS for screen-reader devices.
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Flu
(influenza) vaccine |
Many
adults need flu vaccine once a year and should get the vaccine in
the fall. Flu vaccine protects against flu (influenza) and serious
complications of the flu, such as pneumonia. Groups for whom the
vaccine is especially recommended include
- Persons
aged 50 years and older
- Women
who will be pregnant during the flu season
- Any
person with a chronic medical condition, including heart, lung,
or kidney disease, asthma, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, HIV/AIDS,
and persons undergoing therapies that suppress the immune system
- Residents
of long-term care facilities
For
more information about this vaccine and who should get
it, see the Flu Vaccine
Information Statement
(VIS) or (Flu
VIS for screen-reader devices . You can also visit the
CDC Flu website.
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Hepatitis
A vaccine |
You
may need hepatitis A vaccine if
- You
have certain chronic medical conditions
Hepatitis
A vaccine protects against hepatitis A virus infection, which causes
jaundice, diarrhea, and flu-like illness that can be severe. For
full protection, you need two doses of the vaccine given at least
6 months apart.
For
more information about hepatitis A vaccine, who should
get the vaccine, and who should not be vaccinated, see the Hepatitis
A Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) or Hepatitis
A VIS for screen-reader devices . You
can also visit the CDC-NCID
Viral Hepatitis web site for more information about hepatitis
A virus and areas with high rates of hepatitis A virus infection.
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Hepatitis
B vaccine |
- If
you are between the ages of 11 to 18, you need hepatitis B vaccine
unless you have already been vaccinated. Usually you need three
shots to complete the series; check with your doctor or healthcare
professional for details.
- You
need hepatitis B vaccine if, through your work, you are at risk
of exposure to blood or blood-contaminated body fluids.
- You
need hepatitis B vaccine if you are exposed to the hepatitis B
virus because of a medical condition, your country of origin,
or lifestyle factors. See
more information about conditions that make you high-risk for
hepatitis B in the Hepatitis
B Vaccine Information Statement
(VIS)
- This
vaccine protects against hepatitis B virus infection, which can
cause liver disease and liver cancer.
For
more information about hepatitis B vaccine, who should
get the vaccine, and who should not be vaccinated, see the Hepatitis
B Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) or Hepatitis
B VIS for screen-reader devices . You can also visit the CDC-NCID
Viral Hepatitis web site for more information about hepatitis
B virus infection.
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Hib
(Haemophilus Influenzae type B) vaccine |
Most
adolescents and adults do not need Hib vaccine, but you may need
Hib vaccine if you have any of these medical conditions:
- sickle
cell anemia
- HIV/AIDS
- removed
or dysfunctional spleen
- bone
marrow transplant
- cancer
treatment with drugs
Hib
vaccine may not be recommended for you if you
- have
experienced a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of Hib
vaccine
-
are moderately or severely sick when the vaccination is scheduled
For
more information about Hib vaccine, who should get the
vaccine, and who should not be vaccinated, see the Hib
Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) or the Hib
VIS for screen reader devices .
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Meningococcal
vaccine |
Meningococcal
vaccine protects against bacterial meningitis (infection of the
brain and spinal cord coverings) and blood disease. Consider meningococcal
vaccine if you fall into one of the groups listed.
- Missing
or non-functional spleen. You need meningococcal vaccine
if your spleen has been removed or doesn�t function. One dose
of meningococcal vaccine is usually recommended, although an additional
dose may be needed if you continue to be at high risk. Check with
your doctor or healthcare professional.
- Weakened
immune system (immunodeficiency). Talk with your doctor
or healthcare professional to find out if you need meningococcal
vaccine. The vaccine is given for certain diseases of the immune
system.
- College
freshman. If you are a college freshman AND live in a
dormitory, you should talk with your doctor or health care provider
about the risk of bacterial meningitis and the possible need for
meningococcal vaccine.
- Laboratory
workers. You may need meningococcal vaccine if you work
in a research, clinical, or industrial laboratory and are routinely
exposed to meningococcal bacteria. Check with your doctor or healthcare
professional for more information.
For
more information
about meningococcal vaccine, who should get the vaccine, and who
should not get the vaccine, see the Meningococcal
Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) or the Meningococcal
VIS for screen-reader devices .
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MMR
(measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine |
You
need MMR vaccine if you were born in 1957 or later and you have
never had measles, mumps, or rubella (German measles) or if you
have never received a dose of MMR vaccine.
MMR
is recommended for
- Anyone
11 to 18 years old.
- Healthcare
workers born in 1957 or later. Proof
of immunity is desirable for healthcare workers born before
1957.
- Women
of childbearing age who are not pregnant. This includes women
of childbearing age born before 1957, unless they have proof of
immunity to or vaccination against rubella. Immunity to rubella
is especially important for women who plan to become pregnant
because the rubella virus, which causes German measles, can cause
birth defects.
You
should not receive the vaccine if you
- have
had a severe allergic reaction to gelatin, the antibiotic neomycin,
or a previous dose of MMR vaccine
Talk
with your doctor or healthcare professional about the need for the
vaccine if you
- have
HIV/AIDS or any disease affecting the immune system
- are
being treated with drugs that affect the immune system
- have
cancer or are receiving cancer treatment with drugs or x-rays
- have
a blood disorder or have recently received any blood products
For
more information about MMR vaccine, who should get the
vaccine, and who should not get the vaccine, see
the MMR Vaccine Information
Statement (VIS) or MMR
VIS for screen reader devices)
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Pneumonia
(pneumococcal) vaccine (PPV) |
Pneumococcal
vaccine protects against infections of the lungs, the blood, and
the brain, any of which can be serious or even life-threatening.
You
may need pneumococcal vaccine if you
- Reside
in a nursing home and have not been previously vaccinated with
pneumococcal vaccine.
- Are
2 years old or older and have chronic health conditions other
than asthma. These conditions include diabetes, heart or lung
disease, cancer, kidney failure, liver disease, removed or dysfunctional
spleen, and HIV/AIDS.
For
more information about the vaccine and who should get the
vaccine, see the Pneumococcal
Vaccine Information Statement Pneumococcal
VIS for screen-reader devices .
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Tetanus
(lockjaw) and diphtheria vaccine (Td vaccine) |
Td
vaccine protects against tetanus (lockjaw), a disease that causes
severe muscle spasms and can kill, and diphtheria, a severe infection
of the nose, throat, or airway, involving the mucus membrane in
those parts of the body and causing formation of a thick, painful
membrane that can block the airways.
- You
need an initial series of 3 shots to be fully vaccinated with
Td vaccine.
- After
the initial series of 3 shots, a booster dose of Td is recommended
every 10 years to help prevent tetanus and
diphtheria infections.
- If
you are 11 to 12 years of age, you can get a Td booster if it
has been 5 years since your last tetanus and diphtheria shot.
For
more information about tetanus and diphtheria vaccine,
see the Tetanus and Diphtheria
(Td) Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) or
Td VIS for screen-reader devices .
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This
page last modified on September 8, 2004 |
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