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Japan imports $30-40 billion worth of agricultural products each year and is the largest farm trade destination for the United States. The size of Japan's imports affects prices in many markets, especially U.S. and Australian beef markets. ERS economists analyze Japan's agricultural production, consumption, trade, and policies.
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Commodity Policies of the U.S., EU, and Japan addresses some common goals, but there are differences in approach and policy instruments. In recent years, budget pressures and trade agreements have led each toward less trade-distorting policies. New issues, such as environmental, food safety, and rural development concerns, may lead to further policy change.
Pork Policies in Japan provides a detailed description and analysis of policies used by Japan to support its hog producers and to regulate pork markets. Regional deficiency payment programs compensate for price declines, with support from the national government. At the border, a low ad valorem tariff and the gate price system apply to pork imports.
Rice Sector Policies in Japan describes government policies affecting rice farming in Japan. The tariff-rate quota, by limiting foreign competition, allows rice prices in Japan that are much higher than outside Japan, and is the main form of support for rice. Within Japan, government subsidies compensate farmers for declines in the rice price. Over one third of Japan's paddy field area is planted to other crops in response to high payments to farmers to divert rice production.
Oilseed Policies in Japan describes the policies used by Japan to support its oilseed producers and processors. Tariffs on vegetable oils protect oilseed crushers. Strong subsidies to divert land from rice into soybeans have led to increased soybean production.
Vegetable Policies in Japan provides a detailed description and analysis of policies used by Japan to support its vegetable producers and to regulate vegetable markets. Domestic policies include compensation to farmers when market prices fall below a moving average of historical prices, subsidies to make farms and processing more efficient, and subsidized hazard insurance for greenhouses and some field crops.
Sweetener Policies in Japan provides a detailed description and analysis of policies used by Japan to support its sugar producers and to regulate sweetener markets. Domestic policies include price floors for cane and beet farmers; subsidies to sugar refiners to compensate for the high cost of domestic sugarcane and sugarbeets; and quantity limits on the production of high-fructose corn syrup.
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updated: April 1, 2003
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