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| Current Bibliographies in Medicine | |
Current Bibliographies in Medicine 97-1
Management of Hepatitis C
January 1989 through January 1997
2200 Citations
Prepared by
Ronald L. Gordner, M.L.S., National Library of Medicine
Tommie Sue Tralka, B.S., National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
1997 February
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
National Institutes of Health
National Library of Medicine
Reference Section
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland 20894
Each bibliography in the Current Bibliographies in Medicine (CBM) series covers a distinct subject area of biomedicine and is intended to fulfill a current awareness function. Citations are usually derived from searching a variety of online databases. NLM databases utilized include MEDLINE®, AVLINE®, BIOETHICSLINE®, CANCERLIT®, CATLINE®, HEALTHSTARtm, POPLINEtm, and TOXLINE®. The only criterion for the inclusion of a particular published work is its relevance to the topic being presented; the format, ownership, or location of the material is not considered.
Other publications in the Current Bibliographies in Medicine series are available at no cost to anyone with Internet access through the Library's World Wide Web site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/resources.html.
Comments and suggestions on this series may be addressed to:
Karen Patrias, Editor
Current Bibliographies in Medicine
Reference Section
National Library of Medicine
Bethesda, MD 20894
Phone: 301-496-6097
Fax: 301-402-1384
Internet: ref@nlm.nih.gov
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Return to title page | Return to table of contentsTable of Contents
Series Note
Introduction
Sample Citations
Bibliography:
Overview of Hepatitis C Management
Natural History and Clinical Manifestations of Hepatitis C
A. Overview of Hepatitis C Natural History and Clinical Manifestations
B. Hepatitis C Virus and Virology
1. General Virology of Hepatitis C
2. Hepatitis C Genotyping
3. Quantitative HCV RNA-Viral Load
4. Pathophysiology and Immunology of Hepatitis C
C. Blood Donors with Hepatitis C
D. Hepatitis C and Liver Cancer
E. Hepatitis C and Alcohol
F. Hepatitis C and Liver Cirrhosis
G. Hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS
H. Hepatitis C and Cryoglobulenemia or Glomerulonephritis
I. Hepatitis C and Hemophilia
J. Iron Overload and Hepatitis C
K. Hepatitis C and Other Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis of Hepatitis C
A. Overview of Hepatitis C Diagnosis
B. Differential Diagnosis of Hepatitis C
C. Diagnostic Tests for Hepatitis C
1. Overview of Diagnostic Tests for Hepatitis C
2. Serologic Tests for Hepatitis C
a. Overview of Serologic Tests for Hepatitis Cb. ELISA Testing for Hepatitis C
c. Immunoblots and Other Immunoassays for Hepatitis C
3. Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing for Hepatitis C
4. Liver Enzyme Tests for Hepatitis C
5. Other Diagnostic Tests for Hepatitis C
D. Role of Liver Biopsy in Hepatitis C Diagnosis
E. Other Diagnostic Methods for Hepatitis C
Epidemiology and Spread of Hepatitis C
A. Overview of Hepatitis C Epidemiology
B. Transmissions Modes of Hepatitis C
1. Sexual and Household Contact Transmission of Hepatitis C
2. Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis C
3. IV Drug Use Transmission of Hepatitis C
4. Blood Transfusion Transmission of Hepatitis C
5. Nosocomial or Community Acquired Transmission of Hepatitis C
6. Occupational Exposure to Hepatitis C
7. Hepatitis C Transmission Through Organ/Tissue Transplantation
8. Other Hepatitis C Transmission Modes
Prevention and Control of Hepatitis C
A. Overview of Hepatitis C Prevention and Control
B. Mass Screening for Hepatitis C
C. Vaccines and Immunological Prevention for Hepatitis C
Therapy for Hepatitis C
A. Overview of Hepatitis C Therapies
B. Interferon Therapies for Hepatitis C
1. Overview of Interferon Therapies for Hepatitis C
a. Randomized Controlled Trialsb. Other Studies
2. Interferon alpha Therapy for Hepatitis C
a. Randomized Controlled Trialsb. Other Studies
3. Interferon alpha-2a Therapy for Hepatitis C
a. Randomized Controlled Trialsb. Other Studies
4. Interferon alpha-2b Therapy for Hepatitis C
a. Randomized Controlled Trialsb. Other Studies
5. Lymphoblastoid Interferon or alpha-N1 Therapy for Hepatitis C
a. Randomized Controlled Trialsb. Other Studies
6. Consensus Interferon Trials and Studies for Hepatitis C
7. Ribavirin Alone or with Interferon Therapy for Hepatitis C
a. Randomized Controlled Trialsb. Other Studies
8. Interferon beta, Other Interferon and Combination Therapies for Hepatitis C
a. Randomized Controlled Trialsb. Other Studies
9. Side Effects of Interferon Therapies for Hepatitis C
10. Predictive Factors of Treatment Response for Hepatitis C
a. Overview of Predictive Factors of Hepatits C Treatment Responseb. Hepatitis C Patients with Normal ALT Levels
c. Predictive Factors of Hepatitis Treatment Response Based on Genotypes and Viral Loads
11. Retreatment of Hepatitis C with Interferon
C. Liver Transplantation for Hepatitis C
D. Phlebotomy for Iron Overload in Hepatitis C
E. Other Options in Treatment for Hepatitis C
1. Randomized Controlled Trials
2. Other Studies
F. Cost-effectiveness Treatment Analysis for Hepatitis C
Return to title pageMANAGEMENT OF HEPATITIS C
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of both acute and chronic hepatitis in the United States. Hepatitis C, previously known as "non-A, non-B hepatitis," affects between 1 and 2 percent of Americans, and chronic infection with HCV is probably the single most important cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer in the Western world. Not all cases of hepatitis C are severe or progressive. Many patients are asymptomatic and are only diagnosed when they are found to have abnormal liver tests following a blood donation or routine evaluation for another problem. Yet, chronic hepatitis C can be insidious and slowly progressive and lead to cirrhosis and liver failure after years or decades of infection.
At present, there are no specific means of prevention of hepatitis C, and the only therapy of proven benefit is alpha interferon. Interferon treatment, however, is far from satisfactory. Therapy is expensive, often poorly tolerated, and results in a favorable long-term response in only a minority of patients. Given the uncertainties regarding hepatitis C, patients with this disease and their doctors face difficult decisions.
This bibliography was prepared in support of the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Management of Hepatitis C held in Bethesda, MD on March 24-26, 1997. The Conference focused on the natural history of the disease, approaches to diagnosis and monitoring of patients with hepatitis C, prevention of transmission, therapeutic approaches, and discussion of which patients should be treated. Areas of future research were also addressed.
The bibliography includes references that provide background for the main topics in the order they appear on the Conference agenda and other areas of interest. Included are selected journal articles, books, and conference proceedings, and meeting abstracts primarily ranging from January 1989 through January 1997. The majority of selected references were published from 1993 through January 1997 and are in English. References within each subject category are listed aphabetically by author, and citations may be indexed to more than one category. Note that citations dealing with liver transplantation as the major focus of the article as a treatment option are listed under "liver transplantation," but if the major focus is the transmission of hepatitis C through liver transplantation the citations will appear in the "hepatitis C transmission through organ/tissue transplantation" category.
The compilers wish to thank James Everhart, M.D., M.P.M., National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases for his assistance in discussion of subject categories and citations review.
Any reproductions of this bibliography, in whole or in part, must include all credits. If you wish to cite this bibliography, the correct format is:
Gordner, Ronald L.; Tralka, Tommie Sue, compilers. Management of hepatitis C [bibliography online]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine; 1997 Feb [insert cited year month day in brackets]. [insert no. of screens or lines in brackets]. (Current bibliographies in medicine; no. 97-1). 2200 citations from January 1989 through January 1997. Available from: URL http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/resources.html
Return to title page | Return to table of contentsCitations are formatted according to the rules established for Index Medicus ®. Sample journal and monograph citations appear below. For journal articles written in a foreign language, the English translation of the title is placed in brackets; for monographs, the title is given in the original language. In both cases the language of publication is shown by a three letter abbreviation appearing at the end of the citation.
Journal Article:
Example:
Alter MJ, Mast EE. The epidemiology of viral hepatitis in the United States. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1994 Sep;23(3):437-55.
Order, with separating punctuation:
Authors. Article Title. Journal Title Abbreviation Date of Publication;Volume(Issue):Pages.
Monograph:
Example:
Carruthers S, Loxley W. Hepatitis C and young drug users. Bentley (Australia): Curtin University of Technology, National Centre for Research into the Prevention of Drug Abuse; 1994. 53 p.
Order, with separating punctuation:
Authors/Editors. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher; Date. Total No. of Pages.
Conference Proceedings:
Example:
Kobyashi K, et al., editors. Hepatitis C and its involvement in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium of the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund; 1994; Tokyo, Japan. Princeton (NJ): Princeton Scientific Pub. Co.; 1995. 282 p.
Order, with separating punctuation:
Authors/Editors of Conference Proceeding. Title of Monograph. Conference Title; Date of Conference; City Where Conference Held, State or Country Where Conference Held. Place of Publication: Publisher; Date of Publication. Total No. of Pages.
For details of the formats used for references, see the following publication:
Patrias, Karen. National Library of Medicine recommended formats for bibliographic citation. Bethesda (MD): The Library; 1991 Apr. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB91-182030.
OVERVIEW OF HEPATITIS C AND MANAGEMENT
Aach RD. The emerging clinical significance of hepatitis C. Hosp Pract (Off Ed) 1992 May 30;27(5A):19-22.
Alter HJ. Clinical, virological and epidemiological basis for the treatment of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. J Hepatol 1990;11 Suppl 1:S19-25.
Bhandari BN, Wright TL. Hepatitis C: an overview. Annu Rev Med 1995;46:309-17.
Booth JC, Brown JL, Thomas HC. The management of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Gut 1995 Oct;37(4):449-54.
Brown EA, Kawanishi H, Schiff ER. Hepatitis C & E: how much of a threat? Patient Care 1994 May 15;28(9):105-7, 112, 114-7.
Colquhoun SD. Hepatitis C. A clinical update. Arch Surg 1996 Jan;131(1):18-23.
Cordier S, Le TB, Verger P, Bard D, Le CD, Larouze B, Dazza MC, Hoang TQ, Abenhaim L. Viral infections and chemical exposures as risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in Vietnam. Int J Cancer 1993 Sep 9;55(2):196-201.
Cordoba J, Camps J, Esteban JI. The clinical picture of acute and chronic hepatitis C. Curr Stud Hematol Blood Transfus 1994;(61):69-88.
Cuthbert JA. Hepatitis C. Am J Med Sci 1990 May;299(5):346-55.
Desmet VJ, Gerber M, Hoofnagle JH, Manns M, Scheuer PJ. Classification of chronic hepatitis: diagnosis, grading and staging. Hepatology 1994 Jun;19(6):1513-20.
Dusheiko GM. Rolling review--the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of viral hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1994 Apr;8(2):229-53.
Epstein JB, Sherlock CH. Hepatitis C: rapid progress in medicine and implications for dentistry. J Can Dent Assoc 1994 Apr;60(4):323-9.
Esteban JI, Genesca J, Alter HJ. Hepatitis C: molecular biology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical features, and prevention. Prog Liver Dis 1992;10:253-82.
Farrell GC. Hepatitis C: a current perspective. Aust Fam Physician 1995 Mar;24(3):321-5, 328-9. Comment in: Aust Fam Physician 1995 Aug;24(8):1577-8.
Vth International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis. Proceedings. Madrid, Spain, 30 January-1 February 1992. J Hepatol 1993;17 Suppl 3:S1-164.
Gitnick G. Hepatitis 1990. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1990;175:113-7.
Gitnick G. Hepatitis C in 1994. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1995;208:147-8.
Hoofnagle JH, Di Bisceglie AM. Drug therapy: the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1997 Jan 30;336(5):347-56.
Houghton M. Hepatitis C virus. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Fields virology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1996. p. 1035-58.
Houghton M, Weiner A, Han J, Kuo G, Choo QL. Molecular biology of the hepatitis C viruses: implications for diagnosis, development and control of viral disease. Hepatology 1991 Aug;14(2):381-8.
Hsia PC, Seeff LB. Non-A, non-B hepatitis: impact of the emergence of the hepatitis C virus. Adv Intern Med 1992;37:197-222.
Jonas MM. Hepatitis C virus infection: clinical aspects and treatment with interferon alfa. Clin Ther 1996;18 Suppl B:110-25.
Kiyosawa K, Furuta S. Review of hepatitis C in Japan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1991 Jul-Aug;6(4):383-91.
Lau JY, Alexander GJ, Alberti A. Viral hepatitis. Gut 1991 Sep;Suppl:S47-62.
Lau JY, Davis GL. Managing chronic hepatitis C virus infection [editorial]. BMJ 1993 Feb 20;306(6876):469-70. Comment in: BMJ 1993 May 1;306(6886):1196-7.
Lemon SM, Brown EA. Hepatitis C virus and chronic liver disease. Curr Clin Top Infect Dis 1994;14:120-41.
Liddle C. Hepatitis C. Anaesth Intensive Care 1996 Apr;24(2):180-3.
Mast EE, Alter MJ. Hepatitis C. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 1997 Jan;8(1):17-22.
Merican MI. Hepatitis C: an update. Med J Malaysia 1992 Sep;47(3):158-69.
Molinari JA. Hepatitis C virus infection. Dent Clin North Am 1996 Apr;40(2):309-25.
Mondelli MU, Colombo M. The emerging picture of hepatitis C. Dig Dis 1991;9(4):245-52.
Olynyk JK, Bacon BR. Hepatitis C. Recent advances in understanding and management. Postgrad Med 1995 Jul;98(1):79-81, 86-7, 91-4.
Omata M, Kato N. Recent advances in hepatitis C virus research. J Gastroenterol 1994 Jun;29(3):377-82.
Purcell RH. Hepatitis C virus: historical perspective and current concepts. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1994 Jul;14(3):181-91.
Romero R, Lavine JE. Viral hepatitis in children. Semin Liver Dis 1994 Aug;14(3):289-302.
Rubin RA, Falestiny M, Malet PF. Chronic hepatitis C. Advances in diagnostic testing and therapy. Arch Intern Med 1994 Feb 28;154(4):387-92.
Schiff ER. The patient with chronic hepatitis C. Hosp Pract (Off Ed) 1993 Aug 15;28(8):25-33.
Scotiniotis I, Brass CA, Malet PF. Hepatitis C: diagnosis and treatment. J Gen Intern Med 1995 May;10(5):273-82.
Sharara AI, Hunt CM, Hamilton JD. Hepatitis C. Ann Intern Med 1996 Oct 15;125(8):658-68.
Sherlock DS. Chronic hepatitis C. Dis Mon 1994 Mar;40(3):117-96.
Sherlock S, Dusheiko G. Hepatitis C virus updated. Gut 1991 Sep;32(9):965-7.
Simmonds P. Variability of hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 1995 Feb;21(2):570-83.
Spaan WJ, ed. Hepatitis virus infections. [Leiden (Netherlands)]: Boerhaave Commissie voor Postacademisch Onderwijs in de Geneeskunde, Rijksuniversiteit Leiden; [1995]. 85 p.
Tang E. Hepatitis C virus. A review. West J Med 1991 Aug;155(2):164-8.
Thomas HC, Booth J, Brown J. Pathophysiology and treatment of hepatitis C. Drugs 1996;52 Suppl 2:1-7; discussion 7-8.
Tillmann HL, Manns MP. Hepatitis C virus infection: diagnosis, natural course and therapy. Kidney Blood Press Res 1996;19(3-4):215-9.
Tsai NC. Hepatitis C virus: an overview. Hawaii Med J 1991 Jul;50(7):229-31.
van der Poel CL, Cuypers HT, Reesink HW. Hepatitis C virus six years on. Lancet 1994 Nov 26;344(8935):1475-9. Comment in: Lancet 1995 Jan 21;345(8943):189-90; Lancet 1995 Jan 21;345(8943):190; Lancet 1995 Jan 21;345(8943):190-1.
Van Thiel DH. The ABCs of chronic hepatitis: reason out of confusion. J Okla State Med Assoc 1995 Aug;88(8):345-7.
Van Thiel DH. Current and future uses of biological response modifiers in the treatment of viral hepatitis. J Okla State Med Assoc 1994 Jul;87(7):319-22.
Voigt MD, Smuts H. Hepatitis C--a South African perspective. S Afr Med J 1994 Aug;84(8 Pt 2):535-48.
Weiland O, Schvarcz R. Hepatitis C: virology, epidemiology, clinical course, and treatment. Scand J Gastroenterol 1992 May;27(5):337-42.
Weintrub PS. Hepatitis C. Adv Pediatr Infect Dis 1993;8:67-89.
Return to table of contentsNATURAL HISTORY AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HEPATITIS C
A. Overview of Hepatitis C Natural History and Clinical Manifestations
A-Kader HH, Balistreri WF. Hepatitis C virus: implications to pediatric practice. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1993 Oct;12(10):853-66; quiz 867.
Aledort LM. Consequences of chronic hepatitis C: a review article for the hematologist. Am J Hematol 1993 Sep;44(1):29-37.
Alter MJ. The detection, transmission, and outcome of hepatitis C virus infection. Infect Agents Dis 1993 Jun;2(3):155-66.
Arima T. Hepatitis C: basic and clinical studies. Gastroenterol Jpn 1992 Feb;27(1):121-7.
Bonino F, Oliveri F, Colombatto P, Calvo PL, Brunetto MR. Hepatitis C virus infection and liver disease. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 1995 Jan-Feb;58(1):60-7.
Bortolotti F, Vajro P, Barbera C, Giacchino R, Cadrobbi P, Zancan L, Nebbia G, Crivellaro C, Bertolini A, De Moliner L. Hepatitis C in childhood: epidemiological and clinical aspects. Bone Marrow Transplant 1993;12 Suppl 1:21-3.
Brind AM, Watson JP, James OF, Bassendine MF. Hepatitis C virus infection in the elderly. QJM 1996 Apr;89(4):291-6.
Brown JL. Hepatitis C: the structure and biology of the virus and diagnostic tests. J Infect 1995 Mar;30(2):95-101.
Brunetto MR, Calvo PL, Oliveri F, Colombatto P, Abate ML, Manzini P, Bonino F. Hepatitis C virus infection and liver disease: peculiar epidemiological and clinicopathological features. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1994 Jul;14(3):259-65.
Bukh J, Miller RH, Purcell RH. Biology and genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995 Nov-Dec;13 Suppl 13:S3-7.
Chang MH, Ni YH, Hwang LH, Lin KH, Lin HH, Chen PJ, Lee CY, Chen DS. Long term clinical and virologic outcome of primary hepatitis C virus infection in children: a prospective study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994 Sep;13(9):769-73.
Colombo M, Kuo G, Choo QL, Donato MF, Del Ninno E, Tommasini MA, Dioguardi N, Houghton M. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in Italian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 1989 Oct 28;2(8670):1006-8. Comment in: Lancet 1990 Feb 3;335(8684):300-2.
Cuthbert JA. Hepatitis C: progress and problems. Clin Microbiol Rev 1994 Oct;7(4):505-32.
Dana F, Becherer PR, Bacon BR. Hepatitis C virus. What recent studies can tell us. Postgrad Med 1994 May 1;95(6):121-2, 125-30.
Degos F. Natural history of hepatitis C virus infection. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996;11 Suppl 4:16-8.
Di Bisceglie AM, Goodman ZD, Ishak KG, Hoofnagle JH, Melpolder JJ, Alter HJ. Long-term clinical and histopathological follow-up of chronic posttransfusion hepatitis. Hepatology 1991 Dec;14(6):969-74.
Dienstag JL. The natural history of chronic hepatitis C and what we should do about it [editorial]. Gastroenterology 1997 Feb;25(2):651-5.
Ellett H, Shiffman ML. Natural history of post-transfusion hepatitis: the wolf in sheep's clothing. Am J Gastroenterol 1993 Nov;88(11):1970-2.
Esumi M, Shikata T. Hepatitis C virus and liver diseases. Pathol Int 1994 Feb;44(2):85-95.
Eyster ME, Diamondstone LS, Lien JM, Ehmann WC, Quan S, Goedert JJ. Natural history of hepatitis C virus infection in multitransfused hemophiliacs: effect of coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus. The Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1993 Jun;6(6):602-10.
Eyster ME, Fried MW, Di Bisceglie AM, Goedert JJ. Increasing hepatitis C virus RNA levels in hemophiliacs: relationship to human immunodeficiency virus infection and liver disease. Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study. Blood 1994 Aug 15;84(4):1020-3.
Farci P, London WT, Wong DC, Dawson GJ, Vallari DS, Engle R, Purcell RH. The natural history of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in chimpanzees: comparison of serologic responses measured with first- and second-generation assays and relationship to HCV viremia. J Infect Dis 1992 Jun;165(6):1006-11.
Feitelson MA. Hepatocellular injury in hepatitis B and C virus infections. Clin Lab Med 1996 Jun;16(2):307-24.
Ferri C, Zignego AL, Bombardieri S, La Civita L, Longombardo G, Monti M, Lombardini F, Greco F, Pasero G. Etiopathogenetic role of hepatitis C virus in mixed cryoglobulinemia, chronic liver diseases and lymphomas. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995 Nov-Dec;13 Suppl 13:S135-40.
Fitz JG. Hepatitis C. A new virus for an old disease. N C Med J 1991 Jan;52(1):4-6, 8.
Floreani A, Paternoster D, Zappala F, Cusinato R, Bombi G, Grella P, Chiaramonte M. Hepatitis C virus infection in pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996 Apr;103(4):325-9.
Garcia G, Terrault N, Wright TL. Hepatitis C virus infection in the immunocompromised patient. Semin Gastrointest Dis 1995 Jan;6(1):35-45.
Genetic diversity of hepatitis C virus: implications for pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. Report of a meeting of Physicians and Scientists [clinical conference]. Lancet 1995 Mar 4;345(8949):562-6.
Graf J, Toriyama K, Itakura H. A clinico-pathological study of 163 untreated cases of chronic hepatitis C. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1996 Jan-Feb;29(1):21-5.
Gretch D, Corey L, Wilson J, dela Rosa C, Willson R, Carithers R Jr, Busch M, Hart J, Sayers M, Han J. Assessment of hepatitis C virus RNA levels by quantitative competitive RNA polymerase chain reaction: high-titer viremia correlates with advanced stage of disease. J Infect Dis 1994 Jun;169(6):1219-25.
Grotz WH, Peters TH, Schlayer HJ, Kirste G, Berthold H, Felten H, Schollmeyer PJ, Rasenack JW. Immunosuppressive therapy and hepatitis C virus infection: the clinical course of liver disease. J Mol Med 1996 Jul;74(7):407-12.
The Hepatitis C Virus and its Infection. Papers presented at the FEMS Symposium. Istanbul, Turkey, 29 June-1 July 1993. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1994 Jul;14(3):179-288.
Honda M, Kaneko S, Sakai A, Unoura M, Murakami S, Kobayashi K. Degree of diversity of hepatitis C virus quasispecies and progression of liver disease. Hepatology 1994 Nov;20(5):1144-51.
Hopf U, Moller B, Kuther D, Stemerowicz R, Lobeck H, Ludtke-Handjery A, Walter E, Blum HE, Roggendorf M, Deinhardt F. Long-term follow-up of posttransfusion and sporadic chronic hepatitis non-A, non-B and frequency of circulating antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV). J Hepatol 1990 Jan;10(1):69-76.
Houghton M, Selby M, Weiner A, Choo QL. Hepatitis C virus: structure, protein products and processing of the polyprotein precursor. Curr Stud Hematol Blood Transfus 1994;(61):1-11.
Hsia PC, Seeff LB. Non-A, non-B hepatitis: impact of the emergence of the hepatitis C virus. Adv Intern Med 1992;37:197-222.
Irving WL. The clinical virology of hepatitis C virus. Int J Exp Pathol 1994 Apr;75(2):61-9.
Iwarson S. The natural course of chronic hepatitis C. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1994 Jul;14(3):201-4.
Iwarson S, Norkrans G, Wejstal R. Hepatitis C: natural history of a unique infection. Clin Infect Dis 1995 May;20(5):1361-70.
Johnson RJ, Willson R, Yamabe H, Couser W, Alpers CE, Wener MH, Davis C, Gretch DR. Renal manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection. Kidney Int 1994 Nov;46(5):1255-63.
Kiyosawa K, Sodeyama T, Tanaka E, Gibo Y, Yoshizawa K, Nakano Y, Furuta S, Akahane Y, Nishioka K, Purcell RH, et al. Interrelationship of blood transfusion, non-A, non-B hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis by detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 1990 Oct;12(4 Pt 1):671-5.
Kobayashi M, Tanaka E, Sodeyama T, Urushihara A, Matsumoto A, Kiyosawa K. The natural course of chronic hepatitis C: a comparison between patients with genotypes 1 and 2 hepatitis C viruses. Hepatology 1996 Apr;23(4):695-9.
Koretz RL, Abbey H, Coleman E, Gitnick G. Non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis. Looking back in the second decade. Ann Intern Med 1993 Jul 15;119(2):110-5. Comment in: Ann Intern Med 1994 Jan 15;120(2):171-2.
Lau JY, Alexander GJ, Alberti A. Viral hepatitis. Gut 1991 Sep;Suppl:S47-62.
Lau JY, Davis GL. Managing chronic hepatitis C virus infection [editorial]. BMJ 1993 Feb 20;306(6876):469-70. Comment in: BMJ 1993 May 1;306(6886):1196-7.
Liang TJ, Jeffers L, Reddy RK, Silva MO, Cheinquer H, Findor A, De Medina M, Yarbough PO, Reyes GR, Schiff ER. Fulminant or subfulminant non-A, non-B viral hepatitis: the role of hepatitis C and E viruses . Gastroenterology 1993 Feb;104(2):556-62. Comment in: Gastroenterology 1993 Feb;104(2):640-3.
Ljungman P, Johansson N, Aschan J, Glaumann H, Lonnqvist B, Ringden O, Sparrelid E, Sonnerborg A, Winiarski J, Gahrton G. Long-term effects of hepatitis C virus infection in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. Blood 1995 Aug 15;86(4):1614-8.
Mattsson L, Sonnerborg A, Weiland O. Outcome of acute symptomatic non-A, non-B hepatitis: a 13-year follow-up study of hepatitis C virus markers. Liver 1993 Oct;13(5):274-8.
Muller R. The natural history of hepatitis C: clinical experiences. J Hepatol 1996;24(2 Suppl):52-4.
Nagata I, Shiraki K. [A clinical and pathological features of children with hepatitis C virus infection]. Nippon Rinsho 1995 Sep;53 Suppl:834-40. (Jpn).
Noda K, Yoshihara H, Suzuki K, Yamada Y, Kasahara A, Hayashi N, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Progression of type C chronic hepatitis to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma--its relationship to alcohol drinking and the age of transfusion. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996 Feb;20(1 Suppl):95A-100A.
Nowicki MJ, Balistreri WF. The hepatitis C virus: identification, epidemiology, and clinical controversies. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1995 Apr;20(3):248-74.
Oshita M, Hayashi N, Kasahara A, Hagiwara H, Mita E, Naito M, Katayama K, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Increased serum hepatitis C virus RNA levels among alcoholic patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1994 Nov;20(5):1115-20.
Ozyilkan E. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection: clinical experience with 126 patients. J Chemother 1995 Nov;7 Suppl 4:206-7.
Purcell RH. The discovery of the hepatitis viruses. Gastroenterology 1993 Apr;104(4):955-63.
Purcell RH. Hepatitis C and its sequelae: the biology of hepatitis C virus and implications for its control. Princess Takamatsu Symp 1995;25:1-13.
Purcell RH. Hepatitis C virus: historical perspective and current concepts. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1994 Jul;14(3):181-91.
Purcell RH. Hepatitis viruses: changing patterns of human disease ]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994 Mar 29;91(7):2401-6. Published erratum appears in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994 Sep13;91(19):9195.
Realdi G, Dore MP, Mura D, Giustina G, Fattovich G. Clinical evolution of HCV-related chronic hepatitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995 Nov-Dec;13 Suppl 13:S17-21.
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Seeff LB, Buskell-Bales Z, Wright EC, Durako SJ, Alter HJ, Iber FL, Hollinger FB, Gitnick G, Knodell RG, Perrillo RP, et al. Long-term mortality after transfusion-associated non-A, non-B hepatitis. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Study Group. N Engl J Med 1992 Dec 31;327(27):1906-11. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1992 Dec 31;327(27):1949-50.
Sheen IS, Liaw YF, Lin DY, Chu CM. Acute exacerbations in chronic hepatitis C: a clinicopathological and prognostic study. J Hepatol 1996 May;24(5):525-31.
Sherlock S. Clinical features of chronic hepatitis C. Transplant Proc 1994 Dec;26(6):3581.
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Strader DB, Seeff LB. The natural history of chronic hepatitis C infection. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996 Apr;8(4):324-8.
Takahashi M, Yamada G, Miyamoto R, Doi T, Endo H, Tsuji T. Natural course of chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 1993 Feb;88(2):240-3.
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Tong MJ, el-Farra NS, Reikes AR, Co RL. Clinical outcomes after transfusion-associated hepatitis C. N Engl J Med 1995 Jun 1;332(22):1463-6. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1995 Jun 1;332(22):1509-11; N Engl J Med 1995 Nov 2;333(18):1224.
Tremolada F, Casarin C, Alberti A, Drago C, Tagger A, Ribero ML, Realdi G. Long-term follow-up of non-A, non-B (type C) post-transfusion hepatitis. J Hepatol 1992 Nov;16(3):273-81.
Weiland O, Schvarcz R. Hepatitis C: virology, epidemiology, clinical course, and treatment. Scand J Gastroenterol 1992 May;27(5):337-42.
Willems M, Moshage H, Fevery J, Yap SH. Hepatitis C. Neth J Med 1992 Aug;41(1-2):36-43.
Yamada M, Kakumu S, Yoshioka K, Higashi Y, Tanaka K, Ishikawa T, Takayanagi M. Hepatitis C virus genotypes are not responsible for development of serious liver disease. Dig Dis Sci 1994 Feb;39(2):234-9.
Yano M, Kumada H, Kage M, Ikeda K, Shimamatsu K, Inoue O, Hashimoto E, Lefkowitch JH, Ludwig J, Okuda K. The long-term pathological evolution of chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1996 Jun;23(6):1334-40.
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Return to table of contentsB. Hepatitis C Virus and Virology
1. General Virology of Hepatitis C
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Alter HJ. The hepatitis C virus and its relationship to the clinical spectrum of NANB hepatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1990;5 Suppl 1:78-94.
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Bartenschlager R, Lohmann V, Wilkinson T, Koch JO. Complex formation between the NS3 serine-type proteinase of the hepatitis C virus and NS4A and its importance for polyprotein maturation. J Virol 1995 Dec;69(12):7519-28.
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Cerino A, Boender P, La Monica N, Rosa C, Habets W, Mondelli MU. A human monoclonal antibody specific for the N terminus of the hepatitis C virus nucleocapsid protein. J Immunol 1993 Dec 15;151(12):7005-15.
Chang SC, Yen JH, Kang HY, Jang MH, Chang MF. Nuclear localization signals in the core protein of hepatitis C virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994 Dec 15;205(2):1284-90.
Chang TT, Young KC, Yang YJ, Lei HY, Wu HL. Hepatitis C virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: comparing acute and chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 1996 May;23(5):977-81.
Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, Overby LR, Bradley DW, Houghton M. Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 1989 Apr 21;244(4902):359-62.
Choo QL, Weiner AJ, Overby LR, Kuo G, Houghton M, Bradley DW. Hepatitis C virus: the major causative agent of viral non-A, non-B hepatitis. Br Med Bull 1990 Apr;46(2):423-41.
Choo SH, So HS, Cho JM, Ryu WS. Association of hepatitis C virus particles with immunoglobulin: a mechanism for persistent infection. J Gen Virol 1995 Sep;76( Pt 9):2337-41.
Claeys H, Volckaerts A, Mertens W, Liang Z, Fiten P, Opdenakker G. Localization and reactivity of an immunodominant domain in the NS3 region of hepatitis C virus. J Med Virol 1995 Mar;45(3):273-81.
Clarke BE. Approaches to the development of novel inhibitors of hepatitis C virus replication. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(1):1-8.
Cribier B, Schmitt C, Bingen A, Kirn A, Keller F. In vitro infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by hepatitis C virus. J Gen Virol 1995 Oct;76( Pt 10):2485-91.
D'Souza ED, O'Sullivan E, Amphlett EM, Rowlands DJ, Sangar DV, Clarke BE. Analysis of NS3-mediated processing of the hepatitis C virus non-structural region in vitro. J Gen Virol 1994 Dec;75( Pt 12):3469-76.
da Silva Cardoso M, Siemoneit K, Nemecek V, Epple S, Koerner K, Kubanek B. The serology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection: antibody crossreaction in the hypervariable region 1. Arch Virol 1995;140(10):1705-13.
Damen M, Cuypers HT, Zaaijer HL, Reesink HW, Schaasberg WP, Gerlich WH, Niesters HG, Lelie PN. International collaborative study on the second EUROHEP HCV-RNA reference panel. J Virol Methods 1996 Apr 26;58(1-2):175-85.
Diepolder HM, Zachoval R, Hoffmann RM, Wierenga EA, Santantonio T, Jung MC, Eichenlaub D, Pape GR. Possible mechanism involving T-lymphocyte response to non-structural protein 3 in viral clearance in acute hepatitis C virus infection. Lancet 1995 Oct 14;346(8981):1006-7.
Dubuisson J, Hsu HH, Cheung RC, Greenberg HB, Russell DG, Rice CM. Formation and intracellular localization of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein complexes expressed by recombinant vaccinia and Sindbis viruses. J Virol 1994 Oct;68(10):6147-60.
Dubuisson J, Rice CM. Hepatitis C virus glycoprotein folding: disulfide bond formation and association with calnexin. J Virol 1996 Feb;70(2):778-86.
Eckart MR, Selby M, Masiarz F, Lee C, Berger K, Crawford K, Kuo C, Kuo G, Houghton M, Choo QL. The hepatitis C virus encodes a serine protease involved in processing of the putative nonstructural proteins from the viral polyprotein precursor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993 Apr 30;192(2):399-406.
Failla C, Tomei L, De Francesco R. An amino-terminal domain of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease is essential for interaction with NS4A. J Virol 1995 Mar;69(3):1769-77.
Farci P, Alter HJ, Govindarajan S, Wong DC, Engle R, Lesniewski RR, Mushahwar IK, Desai SM, Miller RH, Ogata N, et al. Lack of protective immunity against reinfection with hepatitis C virus. Science 1992 Oct 2;258(5079):135-40.
Farci P, Alter HJ, Wong D, Miller RH, Shih JW, Jett B, Purcell RH. A long-term study of hepatitis C virus replication in non-A, non-B hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1991 Jul 11;325(2):98-104. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1992 Jan 2;326(1):64-5; discussion 65-6; N Engl J Med 1992 Jan 2;326(1):65; discussion 65-6.
Feinstone SM. The virology of hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1991;6 Suppl 1:26-8.
Franzin F, Efremov DG, Pozzato G, Tulissi P, Batista F, Burrone OR. Clonal B-cell expansions in peripheral blood of HCV-infected patients. Br J Haematol 1995 Jul;90(3):548-52.
Fujii K, Hino K, Okazaki M, Okuda M, Kondoh S, Okita K. Differences in hypervariable region 1 quasispecies of hepatitis C virus between human serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996 Aug 23;225(3):771-6.
Fukushi S, Katayama K, Kurihara C, Ishiyama N, Hoshino FB, Ando T, Oya A. Complete 5' noncoding region is necessary for the efficient internal initiation of hepatitis C virus RNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994 Mar 15;199(2):425-32.
Gerlich WH, ed. Research in chronic viral hepatitis. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1993. 304 p. (Archives of Virology Supplement; 8).
Goeser T, Muller HM, Ye J, Pfaff E, Theilmann L. Characterization of antigenic determinants in the core antigen of the hepatitis C virus. Virology 1994 Dec;205(2):462-9.
Gonzalez-Peralta RP, Fang JW, Davis GL, Gish RG, Kohara M, Mondelli MU, Urdea MS, Mizokami M, Lau JY. Significance of hepatic expression of hepatitis C viral antigens in chronic hepatitis C. Dig Dis Sci 1995 Dec;40(12):2595-601.
Grakoui A, McCourt DW, Wychowski C, Feinstone SM, Rice CM. Characterization of the hepatitis C virus-encoded serine proteinase: determination of proteinase-dependent polyprotein cleavage sites. J Virol 1993 May;67(5):2832-43.
Grakoui A, McCourt DW, Wychowski C, Feinstone SM, Rice CM. A second hepatitis C virus-encoded proteinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993 Nov 15;90(22):10583-7.
Grakoui A, Wychowski C, Lin C, Feinstone SM, Rice CM. Expression and identification of hepatitis C virus polyprotein cleavage products. J Virol 1993 Mar;67(3):1385-95.
Hagiwara H, Hayashi N, Mita E, Takehara T, Kasahara A, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Quantitative analysis of hepatitis C virus RNA in serum during interferon alfa therapy. Gastroenterology 1993 Mar;104(3):877-83.
Harada T, Kim DW, Sagawa K, Suzuki T, Takahashi K, Saito I, Matsuura Y, Miyamura T. Characterization of an established human hepatoma cell line constitutively expressing non-structural proteins of hepatitis C virus by transfection of viral cDNA. J Gen Virol 1995 May;76( Pt 5):1215-21.
Hayashi N, Higashi H, Kaminaka K, Sugimoto H, Esumi M, Komatsu K, Hayashi K, Sugitani M, Suzuki K, Tadao O, et al. Molecular cloning and heterogeneity of the human hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome. J Hepatol 1993;17 Suppl 3:S94-107.
Hijikata M, Mizuno K, Rikihisa T, Shimizu YK, Iwamoto A, Nakajima N, Yoshikura H. Selective transmission of hepatitis C virus in vivo and in vitro. Arch Virol 1995;140(9):1623-8.
Hijikata M, Mizushima H, Tanji Y, Komoda Y, Hirowatari Y, Akagi T, Kato N, Kimura K, Shimotohno K. Proteolytic processing and membrane association of putative nonstructural proteins of hepatitis C virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993 Nov 15;90(22):10773-7.
Hirowatari Y, Hijikata M, Shimotohno K. A novel method for analysis of viral proteinase activity encoded by hepatitis C virus in cultured cells. Anal Biochem 1995 Feb 10;225(1):113-20.
Hirowatari Y, Hijikata M, Tanji Y, Shimotohno K. Expression and processing of putative nonstructural proteins of hepatitis C virus in insect cells using baculovirus vector. Virus Res 1995 Jan;35(1):43-61.
Houghton M. Hepatitis C virus. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Fields virology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1996. p. 1035-58.
Hwang LH, Yang PM, Lai MY, Chiang BL, Kao JH, Wang JT, Lee SY, Chian HM, Chi WK, Chu YD, Chen PJ, Chen DS. Identification of humoral antigenic determinants in the hepatitis C virus NS3 protein. J Infect Dis 1996 Jul;174(1):173-6.
Iacovacci S, Sargiacomo M, Parolini I, Ponzetto A, Peschle C, Carloni G. Replication and multiplication of hepatitis C virus genome in human foetal liver cells. Res Virol 1993 Jul-Aug;144(4):275-9.
Irving WL. The clinical virology of hepatitis C virus. Int J Exp Pathol 1994 Apr;75(2):61-9.
Ito T, Mukaigawa J, Zuo J, Hirabayashi Y, Mitamura K, Yasui K. Cultivation of hepatitis C virus in primary hepatocyte culture from patients with chronic hepatitis C results in release of high titre infectious virus. J Gen Virol 1996 May;77(Pt 5):1043-54.
Jin L, Peterson DL. Expression, isolation, and characterization of the hepatitis C virus ATPase/RNA helicase. Arch Biochem Biophys 1995 Oct 20;323(1):47-53.
Kakimi K, Kuribayashi K, Iwashiro M, Masuda T, Sakai M, Ling W, Kubo Y, Kobayashi H, Higo K, Seki M, et al. Hepatitis C virus core region: helper T cell epitopes recognized by BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. J Gen Virol 1995 May;76(Pt 5):1205-14.
Kakiuchi N, Hijikata M, Komoda Y, Tanji Y, Hirowatari Y, Shimotohno K. Bacterial expression and analysis of cleavage activity of HCV serine proteinase using recombinant and synthetic substrate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995 May 25;210(3):1059-65.
Kanto T, Hayashi N, Takehara T, Hagiwara H, Mita E, Naito M, Kasahara A, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Density analysis of hepatitis C virus particle population in the circulation of infected hosts: implications for virus neutralization or persistence. J Hepatol 1995 Apr;22(4):440-8.
Kato N, Ikeda M, Mizutani T, Sugiyama K, Noguchi M, Hirohashi S, Shimotohno K. Replication of hepatitis C virus in cultured non-neoplastic human hepatocytes. Jpn J Cancer Res 1996 Aug;87(8):787-92.
Kato N, Ootsuyama Y, Sekiya H, Ohkoshi S, Nakazawa T, Hijikata M, Shimotohno K. Genetic drift in hypervariable region 1 of the viral genome in persistent hepatitis C virus infection. J Virol 1994 Aug;68(8): 4776-84.
Kuo G, Choo QL, Alter HJ, Gitnick GL, Redeker AG, Purcell RH, Miyamura T, Dienstag JL, Alter MJ, Stevens CE, et al. An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science 1989 Apr 21;244(4902):362-4.
Kurosaki M, Enomoto N, Marumo F, Sato C. Evolution and selection of hepatitis C virus variants in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Virology 1994 Nov 15;205(1):161-9.
Kurosaki M, Enomoto N, Marumo F, Sato C. Rapid sequence variation of the hypervariable region of hepatitis C virus during the course of chronic infection. Hepatology 1993 Dec;18(6):1293-9.
Kurosaki M, Enomoto N, Marumo F, Sato C. Variations in the core region of hepatitis C virus genomes in patients with chronic hepatitis. Arch Virol 1995;140(6):1087-94.
Lamelin JP, Zoulim F, Trepo C. Lymphotropism of hepatitis B and C viruses: an update and a newcomer [editorial]. Int J Clin Lab Res 1995;25(1):1-6.
Lieber A, He CY, Polyak SJ, Gretch DR, Barr D, Kay MA. Elimination of hepatitis C virus RNA in infected human hepatocytes by adenovirus-mediated expression of ribozymes. J Virol 1996 Dec;70(12):8782-91.
Lo SY, Selby MJ, Ou JH. Interaction between hepatitis C virus core protein and E1 envelope protein. J Virol 1996 Aug;70(8):5177-82.
Lohmann V, Koch JO, Bartenschlager R. Processing pathways of the hepatitis C virus proteins. J Hepatol 1996;24(2 Suppl):11-9.
Miller RH, Purcell RH. Hepatitis C virus shares amino acid sequence similarity with pestiviruses and flaviviruses as well as members of two plant virus supergroups. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990 Mar;87(6):2057-61.
Moradpour D, Wakita T, Tokushige K, Carlson RI, Krawczynski K, Wands JR. Characterization of three novel monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis C virus core protein. J Med Virol 1996 Mar;48(3):234-41.
Muller HM, Kallinowski B, Solbach C, Theilmann L, Goeser T, Pfaff E. B-lymphocytes are predominantly involved in viral propagation of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Arch Virol Suppl 1994;9:307-16.
Nakajima N, Hijikata M, Yoshikura H, Shimizu YK. Characterization of long-term cultures of hepatitis C virus. J Virol 1996 May;70(5):3325-9.
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Pawlotsky JM, Darthuy F, Remire J, Pellet C, Udin L, Stuyver L, Roudot-Thoraval F, Duvoux C, Douvin C, Mallat A, et al. Significance of anti-hepatitis C virus core IgM antibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol 1995 Nov;47(3):285-91.
Plagemann PG. Hepatitis C virus. Arch Virol 1991;120(3-4):165-80.
Ralston R, Thudium K, Berger K, Kuo C, Gervase B, Hall J, Selby M, Kuo G, Houghton M, Choo QL. Characterization of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein complexes expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses. J Virol 1993 Nov;67(11):6753-61.
Ray RB, Lagging LM, Meyer K, Steele R, Ray R. Transcriptional regulation of cellular and viral promoters by the hepatitis C virus core protein. Virus Res 1995 Aug;37(3):209-20.
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Reynolds JE, Kaminski A, Kettinen HJ, Grace K, Clarke BE, Carroll AR, Rowlands DJ, Jackson RJ. Unique features of internal initiation of hepatitis C virus RNA translation. EMBO J 1995 Dec 1;14(23): 6010-20.
Rosa C, Osborne S, Garetto F, Griva S, Rivella A, Calabresi G, Guaschino R, Bonelli F. Epitope mapping of the NS4 and NS5 gene products of hepatitis C virus and the use of a chimeric NS4-NS5 synthetic peptide for serodiagnosis. J Virol Methods 1995 Oct;55(2):219-32.
Santolini E, Migliaccio G, La Monica N. Biosynthesis and biochemical properties of the hepatitis C virus core protein. J Virol 1994 Jun;68(6):3631-41.
Santolini E, Pacini L, Fipaldini C, Migliaccio G, Monica N. The NS2 protein of hepatitis C virus is a transmembrane polypeptide. J Virol 1995 Dec;69(12):7461-71.
Shimizu YK, Purcell RH, Yoshikura H. Correlation between the infectivity of hepatitis C virus in vivo and its infectivity in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993 Jul 1;90(13):6037-41.
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Tomei L, Failla C, Vitale RL, Bianchi E, De Francesco R. A central hydrophobic domain of the hepatitis C virus NS4A protein is necessary and sufficient for the activation of the NS3 protease. J Gen Virol 1996 May;77(Pt 5):1065-70.
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Return to table of contents2. Hepatitis C Genotyping
Altamirano M, Delaney A, Wong A, Marostenmaki J, Pi D. Identification of hepatitis C virus genotypes among hospitalized patients in British Columbia, Canada. J Infect Dis 1995 Apr;171(4):1034-8.
Andonov A, Chaudhary RK. Genotyping of Canadian hepatitis C virus isolates by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1994 Aug;32(8):2031-4.
Andonov A, Chaudhary RK. Subtyping of hepatitis C virus isolates by a line probe assay using hybridization. J Clin Microbiol 1995 Jan;33(1):254-6.
Apichartpiyakul C, Miyajima H, Doi H, Mizokami M, Homma M, Hotta H. Frequent detection of hepatitis C virus subtype 3a (HCV-3a) isolates in Thailand by PCR using subtype-specific primers. Microbiol Immunol 1995;39(4):285-9.
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Ballardini G, Groff P, Pontisso P, Giostra F, Francesconi R, Lenzi M, Zauli D, Alberti A, Bianchi FB. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype, tissue HCV antigens, hepatocellular expression of HLA-A,B,C, and intercellular adhesion-1 molecules. Clues to pathogenesis of hepatocellular damage and response to interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Clin Invest 1995 May;95(5):2067-75.
Bell H, Hellum K, Harthug S, Maeland A, Ritland S, Myrvang B, Von Der Lippe B, Raknerud N, Skaug K, Prescott L, Simmonds P. Prevalence of hepatitis C genotypes among patients with chronic hepatitis C in Norway. Construct Group. Scand J Infect Dis 1996;28(4):357-9.
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Bird GL, Spence E, Hillan KJ, MacSween RN, Frame D, Yap P, Dow B, McOmish F, Mills PR. Genotypic variation, clinical and histological characteristics of chronic hepatitis C detected at blood donor screening. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(5):261-5.
Bortolotti F, Vajro P, Balli F, Giacchino R, Crivellaro C, Barbera C, Pontisso P, Nebbia G, Zancan L, Bertolini A, Alberti A. Hepatitis C virus genotypes in chronic hepatitis C of children. J Viral Hepat 1996 Nov;3(6):323-7.
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Brojer E, Gloskowska-Moraczewska Z, Kacperska E, Medynska J, Cianciara J, Juszczyk J, Loch T, Flieger J, Seyfried H. Hepatitis C virus genotypes in blood donors and patients with chronic hepatitis C. Vox Sang 1996;71(1):51-4.
Bukh J, Miller RH. Diagnostic and clinical implications of the different genotypes of hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 1994 Jul;20(1 Pt 1):256-9.
Bukh J, Miller RH, Purcell RH. Biology and genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995 Nov-Dec;13 Suppl 13:S3-7.
Bukh J, Miller RH, Purcell RH. Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus: quasispecies and genotypes. Semin Liver Dis 1995 Feb;15(1):41-63.
Bukh J, Miller RH, Purcell RH. Genetic heterogeneity of the hepatitis C virus. Princess Takamatsu Symp 1995;25:75-91.
Bukh J, Purcell RH, Miller RH. At least 12 genotypes of hepatitis C virus predicted by sequence analysis of the putative E1 gene of isolates collected worldwide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993 Sep 1;90(17):8234-8.
Bukh J, Purcell RH, Miller RH. Sequence analysis of the 5' noncoding region of hepatitis C virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992 Jun 1;89(11):4942-6.
Bukh J, Purcell RH, Miller RH. Sequence analysis of the core gene of 14 hepatitis C virus genotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994 Aug 16;91(17):8239-43.
Cammarota G, Maggi F, Vatteroni ML, Da Prato L, Barsanti L, Bendinelli M, Pistello M. Partial nucleotide sequencing of six subtype 2c hepatitis C viruses detected in Italy. J Clin Microbiol 1995 Oct;33(10):2781-4.
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Return to table of contents3. Quantitative HCV-RNA-Viral Load
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Return to table of contents4. Pathophysiology and Immunology of Hepatitis C
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Return to table of contentsC. Blood Donors With Hepatitis C
Aach RD, Stevens CE, Hollinger FB, Mosley JW, Peterson DA, Taylor PE, Johnson RG, Barbosa LH, Nemo GJ. Hepatitis C virus infection in post-transfusion hepatitis. An analysis with first- and second-generation assays. N Engl J Med 1991 Nov 7;325(19):1325-9.
Abdel-Wahab MF, Zakaria S, Kamel M, Abdel-Khaliq MK, Mabrouk MA, Salama H, Esmat G, Thomas DL, Strickland GT. High seroprevalence of hepatitis C infection among risk groups in Egypt. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1994 Nov;51(5):563-7.
Abdelaal M, Rowbottom D, Zawawi T, Scott T, Gilpin C. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus: a study of male blood donors in Saudi Arabia. Transfusion 1994 Feb;34(2):135-7.
Alberti A, Chemello L, Cavalletto D, Tagger A, Dal Canton A, Bizzaro N, Tagariello G, Ruol A. Antibody to hepatitis C virus and liver disease in volunteer blood donors. Ann Intern Med 1991 Jun 15;114(12):1010-2.
Allain JP, Kitchen A, Aloysius S, Reeves I, Petrik J, Barbara JA, Williamson LM. Safety and efficacy of hepatitis C virus antibody screening of blood donors with two sequential screening assays. Transfusion 1996 May;36(5):401-5.
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Blajchman MA, Bull SB, Feinman SV. Post-transfusion hepatitis: impact of non-A, non-B hepatitis surrogate tests. Canadian Post-Transfusion Hepatitis Prevention Study Group. Lancet 1995 Jan 7;345(8941):21-5. Comment in: Lancet 1995 Mar 4;345(8949):589-90.
Buffington J, Shapiro CN, Holman RC, Strine TW, Grossman BJ, Williams AE, Alter MJ, Schonberger LB. Multiple unconfirmed-reactive screening tests for viral antibodies among blood donors. Transfusion 1994 May;34(5):371-5.
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Caspari G, Gerlich WH, Beyer J, Schmitt H. Age, sex and transaminase dependency of specific and nonspecific results from enzyme immunoassays for antibodies to hepatitis C virus and follow-up of blood donors. Infusionsther Transfusionsmed 1995 Aug;22(4):208-19.
Chambers LA, Popovsky MA. Decrease in reported posttransfusion hepatitis. Contributions of donor screening for alanine aminotransferase and antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen and changes in the general population. Arch Intern Med 1991 Dec;151(12):2445-8.
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Esteban JI, Lopez-Talavera JC, Genesca J, Madoz P, Viladomiu L, Muniz E, Martin-Vega C, Rosell M, Allende H, Vidal X, et al. High rate of infectivity and liver disease in blood donors with antibodies to hepatitis C virus. Ann Intern Med 1991 Sep 15;115(6):443-9. Comment in: Ann Intern Med 1992 Mar 1;116(5):427.
Gonzalez A, Esteban JI, Madoz P, Viladomiu L, Genesca J, Muniz E, Enriquez J, Torras X, Hernandez JM, Quer J, et al. Efficacy of screening donors for antibodies to the hepatitis C virus to prevent transfusion-associated hepatitis: final report of a prospective trial. Hepatology 1995 Aug;22(2):439-45.
Itoh K, Tanaka H, Shiga J, Hirakawa K, Akahane Y, Tsuda F, Okamoto H, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M. Hypocomplementemia associated with hepatitis C viremia in sera from voluntary blood donors. Am J Gastroenterol 1994 Nov;89(11):2019-24.
Itoh K, Tanaka H, Shiga JI, Hirakawa K, Tanaka T, Akahane Y, Tsuda F, Okamoto H, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M. Cold activation of complement as a marker of hepatitis C viremia in sera from blood donors. Transfus Sci 1995 Sep;16(3):283-9.
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Lee SR, Wood CL, Lane MJ, Francis B, Gust C, Higgs CM, Nelles MJ, Polito A, DiNello R, Achord D. Increased detection of hepatitis C virus infection in commercial plasma donors by a third-generation screening assay. Transfusion 1995 Oct;35(10):845-9. Comment in: Transfusion 1996 May;36(5):476-7.
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Mulyanto, Suwignyo S, Tsauri S, Itoh K, Mizui M, Tsuda F, Okamoto H, Yoshizawa H, Mishiro S. An easy dipstick assay for anti-core antibodies to screen blood donors for hepatitis C virus viremia. Vox Sang 1996;70(4):229-31.
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Preiksaitis JK, Rivet C. A history of the evolution of hepatitis C testing of blood donors: implications for the Canadian blood supply system. Transfusion 1995 Apr;35(4):348-52.
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Rossini A, Gazzola GB, Ravaggi A, Agostinelli E, Biasi L, Albertini A, Radaeli E, Cariani E. Long-term follow-up of and infectivity in blood donors with hepatitis C antibodies and persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels. Transfusion 1995 Feb;35(2):108-11.
Salmeron FJ, Palacios A, Perez-Ruiz M, Torres C, Oyonarte S, Fernandez-Montoya A, Ruiz-Extremera A. Epidemiology, serological markers, and hepatic disease of anti-HCV ELISA-2-positive blood donors. Dig Dis Sci 1996 Oct;41(10):1933-8.
Serfaty L, Nousbaum JB, Elghouzzi MH, Giral P, Legendre C, Poupon R. Prevalence, severity, and risk factors of liver disease in blood donors positive in a second-generation anti-hepatitis C virus screening test. Hepatology 1995 Mar;21(3):725-9.
Shakil AO, Conry-Cantilena C, Alter HJ, Hayashi P, Kleiner DE, Tedeschi V, Krawczynski K, Conjeevaram HS, Sallie R, Di Bisceglie AM. Volunteer blood donors with antibody to hepatitis C virus: clinical, biochemical, virologic, and histologic features. The Hepatitis C Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1995 Sep 1;123(5):330-7. Comment in: Ann Intern Med 1996 May 15;124(10):930; discussion 931; Ann Intern Med 1996 May 15;124(10):930-1.
Shimoyama R, Sekiguchi S, Suga M, Sakamoto S, Yachi A. The epidemiology and infection route of asymptomatic HCV carriers detected through blood donations. Gastroenterol Jpn 1993 May;28 Suppl 5:1-5.
Smith DB, Davidson F, Yap P, Brown H, Kolberg J, Detmer J, Urdea M, Simmonds P, International HCV Collaborati. Levels of hepatitis C virus in blood donors infected with different viral genotypes. International HCV Collaborative Study Group. J Infect Dis 1996 Mar;173(3):727-30.
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van der Poel CL. Hepatitis C virus infection from blood and blood products. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1994 Jul;14(3):241-6.
Waumans L, Claeys H, Verhaert H, Mertens W, Vermylen C. Hepatitis C virus confirmation in blood donor screening. Vox Sang 1993;64(3):145-9.
Zanella A, Conte D, Prati D, Mozzi F, Capelli C, Zanuso F, Fraquelli M, Bosoni P, Vianello L, Pappalettera M, et al. Hepatitis C virus RNA and liver histology in blood donors reactive to a single antigen by second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay. Hepatology 1995 Apr;21(4):913-7.
Return to table of contentsD. Hepatitis C and Liver Cancer
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Return to table of contentsE. Hepatitis C and Alcohol
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Return to table of contentsF. Hepatitis C and Liver Cirrhosis
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Feray C, Gigou M, Samuel D, Paradis V, Wilber J, David MF, Urdea M, Reynes M, Brechot C, Bismuth H. The course of hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation. Hepatology 1994 Nov;20(5):1137-43.
Feray C, Samuel D, Gigou M, Paradis V, David MF, Lemonnier C, Reynes M, Bismuth H. An open trial of interferon alfa recombinant for hepatitis C after liver transplantation: antiviral effects and risk of rejection. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 1):1084-9.
Gane EJ, Portmann BC, Naoumov NV, Smith HM, Underhill JA, Donaldson PT, Maertens G, Williams R. Long-term outcome of hepatitis C infection after liver transplantation. N Engl J Med 1996 Mar 28;334(13):815-20. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1996 Aug 15;335(7):522; discussion 522-3; N Engl J Med 1996 Aug 15;335(7):522-3.
Giusti G, Pasquale G, Galante D, Russo M, Sardaro C, Gallo C, Gaeta GB. Clinical and histological aspects of chronic HCV infection and cirrhosis. Hepatogastroenterology 1993 Aug;40(4):365-9.
Goeser T, Muller HM, Solbach C, Toex U, Kommerell B, Theilmann L. Hepatitis C virus, alcoholic cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1994 Jun;3(4):311-5.
Hoofnagle JH, Di Bisceglie AM, Waggoner JG, Park Y. Interferon alfa for patients with clinically apparent cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 1993 Apr;104(4):1116-21.
Ide T, Sata M, Suzuki H, Murashima S, Miyajima I, Shirachi M, Tanikawa K. Evaluation of interferon treatment in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1996 Jun;70(6):597-604.
Jeffers LJ, Hasan F, De Medina M, Reddy R, Parker T, Silva M, Mendez L, Schiff ER, Manns M, Houghton M. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus among patients with cryptogenic chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Hepatology 1992 Feb;15(2):187-90. Comment in: Hepatology 1992 Feb;15(2):350-3.
Koretz RL, Abbey H, Coleman E, Gitnick G. Non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis. Looking back in the second decade. Ann Intern Med 1993 Jul 15;119(2):110-5. Comment in: Ann Intern Med 1994 Jan 15;120(2):171-2.
Mazzella G, Accogli E, Sottili S, Festi D, Orsini M, Salzetta A, Novelli V, Cipolla A, Fabbri C, Pezzoli A, Roda E. Alpha interferon treatment may prevent hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-related liver cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1996 Feb;24(2):141-7.
Miyakawa H, Izumi N, Marumo F, Sato C. Roles of alcohol, hepatitis virus infection, and gender in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996 Feb;20(1 Suppl):91A-94A.
Miyakawa H, Sato C, Izumi N, Tazawa J, Ebata A, Hattori K, Sakai H, Ikeda T, Hirata R, Sakai Y, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in alcoholic liver cirrhosis in Japan: its contribution to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl 1993;1A:85-90.
Newman PE. Retarding the eventual development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma by persons having hepatitis C. Med Hypotheses 1993 Jun;40(6):351-4.
Nishiguchi S, Kuroki T, Nakatani S, Morimoto H, Takeda T, Nakajima S, Shiomi S, Seki S, Kobayashi K, Otani S. Randomised trial of effects of interferon-alpha on incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic active hepatitis C with cirrhosis. Lancet 1995 Oct 21;346(8982):1051-5. Comment in: Lancet 1995 Oct 21;346(8982):1049-50; Lancet 1996 Jan 20;347(8995):194-5; Lancet 1996 Jan 20;347(8995):195.
Noda K, Yoshihara H, Suzuki K, Yamada Y, Kasahara A, Hayashi N, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Progression of type C chronic hepatitis to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma--its relationship to alcohol drinking and the age of transfusion. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996 Feb;20(1 Suppl):95A-100A.
Poniachik J, Bernstein DE, Reddy KR, Jeffers LJ, Coelho-Little ME, Civantos F, Schiff ER. The role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of cirrhosis. Gastrointest Endosc 1996 Jun;43(6):568-71.
Romeo R, Tommasini MA, Rumi MG, Sangiovanni A, Fasani P, De Fazio C, Del Ninno E, de Franchis R, Colombo M. Genotypes in the progression of hepatitis C related cirrhosis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):153A.
Saito T, Shinzawa H, Kuboki M, Ishibashi M, Toda H, Okuyama Y, Nakamura T, Yamada N, Wakabayashi H, Togashi H, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of human lymphoblastoid interferon in patients with compensated type C cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 1994 May;89(5):681-6. Comment in: Am J Gastroenterol 1995 Apr;90(4):678-9.
Schiff E. The role of hepatitis C virus in liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1991;6 Suppl 1:29-30.
Shimamatsu K, Kage M, Nakashima O, Kojiro M. Pathomorphological study of HCV antibody-positive liver cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1994 Nov-Dec;9(6):624-30.
Silini E, Bottelli R, Asti M, Bruno S, Candusso ME, Brambilla S, Bono F, Iamoni G, Tinelli C, Mondelli MU, Ideo G. Hepatitis C virus genotypes and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: a case-control study. Gastroenterology 1996 Jul;111(1):199-205.
Return to table of contentsG. Hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS
Andreu J, Abad MA, Sanchez-Quijano A, Torronteras R, Luque F, Garcia de las Heras J, Soto B, Pineda JA, Leal M, Lissen E. High rate of nonspecific anti-hepatitis C reactivity amongst homosexual men in comparison with that found in other sexually active groups and blood donors. Viral Hepatitis and AIDS Study Group. J Intern Med 1994 Jul;236(1):73-7.
Baur B, Wedel S, Richter G, Wienbeck M. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in HIV patients [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):347 (abstract no. PO-B08-1271).
Bernstein BM, Gill JC. Natural history and therapy of hepatitis B and C in patients with HIV disease. AIDS Clin Rev 1993-94:129-43.
Bodsworth NJ, Cunningham P, Kaldor J, Donovan B. Hepatitis C virus infection in a large cohort of homosexually active men: independent associations with HIV-1 infection and injecting drug use but not sexual behaviour. Genitourin Med 1996 Apr;72(2):118-22.
Boue F, Goujard C, Pons JC, Chambrin V, Lazizi M, Dormont J, Delfraissy JF. Hepatitis C virus infection of mothers does not seem to influence the rate of vertical HIV transmission [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21;7(2):352 (abstract no. W.C.3226).
Brechignac S, Lazizi M, Goujard C, Boue F, Dormont J, Delfraissy JF. Heterosexual transmission of hepatitis C virus in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus infected patients [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21;7(2):318 (abstract no. W.C.3090).
Brenner B, Back D, Ben-Porath E, Hazani A, Martinowitz U, Tatarsky I. Coinfection with hepatitis viruses and human immunodeficiency virus in multiply transfused patients. Isr J Med Sci 1994 Dec;30(12):886-90.
Brossard G, Ladner J, Pellegrin JL, Constans J, Dabis F. Risk of developing a chronic hepatitis among patients co-infected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV: Bordeaux (France), 1985-1990 [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21;7(2):45 (abstract no. W.B.88).
Casarrubias M, Herrera A, Ortega J. Recombinant interferon alpha (IFN) therapy for chronic hepatitis C, in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection treated with zidovudine (AZT) [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):480 (abstract no. PO-B26-2068).
Chamot E, Hirschel B, De Saussure P, Deglon JJ, Perrin L. HIV seropositives often lose their antibodies against hepatitis C virus but continue to have hepatitis [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21;7(1):335 (abstract no. M.C.3151).
Cital JL, Villarreal C, Robles M, Torres R, Cano C. Interferon alfa 2-b in 20 patients with HIV+ and concomitant chronic hepatitis B or C [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):353 (abstract no. PO-B08-1306).
Clotteau L, Mendel I, Pfaff F, Prevost M, Buffet-Janvresse C, Caron F, Humbert G. Diagnosis, detection and genotyping of hepatitis C virus in HIV infected patients in a north-west city in France [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1994 Aug 7-12;10(2):131 (abstract no. PB0536).
Collier AC, Gretch D, Boutin P, Corey L. Increased prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in homosexual men with HIV-1 [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):348 (abstract no. PO-B08-1278).
Cribier B, Rey D, Uhl G, Schmitt C, Libbrecht E, Vetter D, Lang JM, Kirn A, Stoll-Keller F. Quantification of hepatitis C virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a comparison between patients chronically infected by HCV and patients coinfected by HIV. Res Virol 1996 Nov-Dec;147(6):325-32.
Cribier B, Schmitt C, Rey D, Lang JM, Kirn A, Stoll-Keller F. Role of endogenous interferon in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and in coinfection by HIV and HCV. Res Virol 1996 Sep-Oct;147(5):263-6.
Crofts N, Mijch A, Kelsall J, Kerger M, Meade J, Hernberger F, Breschkin A, Locarnini SA. Declining incidence of hepatitis C infection in a cohort of injecting drug users in Victoria, 1990-1995 [abstract]. Annu Conf Australas Soc HIV Med 1995 Nov 16-19;7:44 (abstract no. 28).
Dorrucci M, Pezzotti P, Phillips AN, Lepri AC, Rezza G. Coinfection of hepatitis C virus with human immunodeficiency virus and progression to AIDS. Italian Seroconversion Study. J Infect Dis 1995 Dec;172(6):1503-8.
Eyster ME, Alter H, Aledort L, Hatzakis A, Goedert JJ. Heterosexual cotransmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1990 Jun 20-23;6(1):266 (abstract no. Th.C.564).
Eyster ME, Alter HJ, Aledort LM, Quan S, Hatzakis A, Goedert JJ. Heterosexual co-transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Ann Intern Med 1991 Nov 15;115(10):764-8.
Eyster ME, Diamondstone LS, Goedert JJ. Hepatic AIDS in persons with hemophilia coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24;8(2):B164 (abstract no. PoB 3467).
Eyster ME, Diamondstone LS, Lien JM, Ehmann WC, Quan S, Goedert JJ. Natural history of hepatitis C virus infection in multitransfused hemophiliacs: effect of coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus. The Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1993 Jun;6(6):602-10.
Eyster ME, Fried MW, Di Bisceglie AM, Goedert JJ. Increasing hepatitis C virus RNA levels in hemophiliacs: relationship to human immunodeficiency virus infection and liver disease. Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study. Blood 1994 Aug 15;84(4):1020-3.
Fiore RJ, Potenza D, Monno L, Appice A, DiStefano M, Giannelli A, LaGrasta L, Romanelli C, DiBari C, Pastore G. Detection of HCV RNA in serum and seminal fluid from HIV-1 co-infected intravenous drug addicts. J Med Virol 1995 Aug;46(4):364-7.
Fortuny C, Ercilla G, Moliner E, Sanchez E, Barrera JM, Jimenez R. Does HCV coinfection worsen the prognosis of vertically HIV infected children [abstract]? Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):310 (abstract no. PO-B05-1050).
Fortuny C, Ercilla G, Roca A, Coll O, Subirana N, Espuny R, Jimenez R. Does HCV coinfection influence HIV vertical transmission [abstract]? Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24;8(2):C282 (abstract no. PoC 4222).
Gabrielli C, Corradini R, Zannini A, Gafa S. Spread of hepatitis C virus among sexual partners of HCV positive intravenous drug users [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(2):689 (abstract no. PO-C11-2834).
Garofano T, Vento S, Di Perri G, Concia E, Bassetti D. Zidovudine induces remission of chronic active hepatitis C in HIV-1 carriers [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21;7(2):46 (abstract no. W.B.89).
Ghany MG, Leissinger C, Lagier R, Sanchez-Pescador R, Lok AS. Effect of human immunodeficiency virus infection on hepatitis C virus infection in hemophiliacs. Dig Dis Sci 1996 Jun;41(6):1265-72.
Gibert CL, Walshe DK, Bales Z, Seeff LB, Gordin FM. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in an HIV-infected inner city hospital population [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):346 (abstract no. PO-B08-1265).
Gohchi K, Matsuda J, Gotoh M, Tsukamoto M, Saitoh N. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) p24 antigen in the cryoglobulin of hemophiliacs with HIV and or/HCV infection [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1994 Aug 7-12;10(2):90 (abstract no. PA0242).
Gubertini G, Vigano P, Veretta R, Meraviglia P, Cargnel A. Treatment of chronic C virus hepatitus in anti HIV positive patients [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21;7(2):227 (abstract no. W.B.2180).
Guido M, Rugge M, Fattovich G, Rocchetto P, Cassaro M, Chemello L, Noventa F, Giustina G, Alberti A. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and hepatitis C pathology. Liver 1994 Dec;14(6):314-9.
Hollander H, Wright T, Held M, Scharschmidt B. Hepatitis C serology and viremia in HIV-infected men [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):358 (abstract no. PO-B08-1337).
Interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients. Spanish Group for Treatment of Hepatitis in HIV+ patients [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):354 (abstract no. PO-B08-1310).
Izzo CM, Buonocore S, De Sena R, Manzillo E, Maio G, Manzillo G. Treatment of chronic hepatitis by HCV with association of beta-interferon and zidovudine in patients (pts) HIV positive [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):174 (abstract no. PO-A13-0238).
Kihara M, Imai M, Kondoh M, Watanabe S, Kihara M, Soda K. HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among Japanese female prostitutes [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(2):679 (abstract no. PO-C08-2772).
Kloser P, Passanante M, Mayberry B, Gill C, Cowan J. Viral hepatitis in the HIV-infected woman [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1994 Aug 7-12;10(1):312 (abstract no. PC0176).
Maccabruni A, Bossi G, Caselli D, Mondelli M, Cerino A, Silini E. Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus and HIV infection [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1994 Aug 7-12;10(1):261 (abstract no. PB0474).
Manzini P, Saracco G, Cerchier A, Riva C, Musso A, Ricotti E, Palomba E, Scolfaro C, Verme G, Bonino F, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus infection as risk factor for mother-to-child hepatitis C virus transmission; persistence of anti-hepatitis C virus in children is associated with the mother's anti-hepatitis C virus immunoblotting pattern. Hepatology 1995 Feb;21(2):328-32.
Marcellin P, Colin JF, Martinot-Peignoux M, Pham BN, Lefort V, Picault AB, Degott C, Erlinger S, Benhamou JP. Hepatitis C virus infection in anti-HIV positive and negative French homosexual men with chronic hepatitis: comparison of second- and third-generation anti-HCV testing. Liver 1993 Dec;13(6):319-22.
Martinez-Zapico R, de Jose MI, Garcia MJ, Bardon B. Hepatitis C virus in HIV infected children [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):355 (abstract no. PO-B08-1321).
Mazzotta F, De Pietro M, Vivarelli A, Pierotti P, D'Agata A, Parri F, De Majo E, Paci P. Interferon (rIFN) alone or with zidovudine in treatment of HCV positive (HCV+ve) nAnB chronic hepatitis (nAnB-CH) in HIV positive (HIV+ve) patients [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21;7(1):234 (abstract no. M.B.2211).
Morsica G, Novati R, Ceserani N, Ruggieri A, Soldini L, Lazzarin A. High rate of hepatitis C virus antibodies and viremia in HIV-positive patients [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):347 (abstract no. PO-B08-1273).
Morsica G, Novati R, Migone TS, Bisson C, Maillard M, Lazzarin A. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC's) of AIDS patients [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):189 (abstract no. PO-A15-0326).
Ndimbie OK, Kingsley L, Nedjar S, Rinaldo C. Recombinant immunoblot assay in the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection in a male homosexual cohort [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):358 (abstract no. PO-B08-1336).
Ndimbie OK, Kingsley LA, Nedjar S, Klukas C, Riddle P, Rinaldo C. Five to seven-year serologic follow-up of hepatitis C virus antibody reactive homosexual men [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):349 (abstract no. PO-B08-1280).
Nedjar S, Hewlett I, Biswas R. Co-amplification of specific sequences of HIV-1 and HCV genomes by the polymerase chain reaction assay: a potential tool for the simultaneous detection of HIV-1 and HCV [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21;7(1):123 (abstract no. M.A.1127).
Paccagnini S, Zanchetta N, Principi N, Ragni MC, Tornaghi R, Salvaggio L. Vertical transmission of HCV in infants born to mothers HIV/HCV positive [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):353 (abstract no. PO-B08-1309).
Padilla BB, Aslanzadeh J, Moore J, Forouhar FA, Shanley JD. The natural history of hepatitis C virus infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus [abstract]. Program Abstr Intersci Conf Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994 Oct 4-7;104.
Patey O, Meyrin E, Malkin JE, Prazuck T, Dublanchet A, Lafaix C. Kinetic of HCV antibodies with HCV RIBA 2 in HIV+ patients [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):356 (abstract no. PO-B08-1325).
Peraire J, Porras JA, Vidal F, Richart C. Influence of HCV infection in the mortality of patients with AIDS [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7012;11(1):300 (abstract no. Tu.B.2203).
Perini GP, Gomma M, Serpelloni G, Mirandola M, Morgante S, Accordini A. Relationship between HIV infection and hepatitis virus prevalence in 6300 subjects with parenteral (GR1) and sexual (GR2) risk [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24;8(3):177 (abstract no. PuC 8144).
Pierre-Marie R, St. Paul MC, Pugliese P, Fuzibet JG, Mondain V, Michiels JF, Dellamonica P. Relationship between immune status and histoogical course of hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12;11(1):301 (abstract no. Tu.B.2210).
Ruga E, Sartor M, Giaquinto C, D'Elia R, Zacchello F, Zancan L. Chronic hepatitis in children with vertically acquired HIV infection [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12;11(1):301 (abstract no. MO.B.1308).
Sabin CA, Telfer P, Phillips AN, Bhagani S, Lee CA. The association between hepatitis C virus genotype and human immunodeficiency virus disease progression in a cohort of hemophilic men. J Infect Dis 1997 Jan;175(1):164-8.
Sanchez-Quijano A, Andreu J, Gavilan F, Luque F, Abad MA, Soto B, Munoz J, Aznar JM, Leal M, Lissen E. Influence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection on the natural course of chronic parenterally acquired hepatitis C. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995 Nov;14(11):949-53.
Sawanpanyalert P, Boonmar S, Miyamura T. Evidence suggestive of distinct modes of transmission of HIV and HCV in an epidemic area [abstract]. Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;2:169.
Sinclair FJ, Womack M, Illeman M, Cafaro V, Conant M. Benefits and safety of lamivudine (3TC) therapy in HIV positive patients with chronic hepatitis B or C [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12;11(1):287 (abstract no. Tu.B.2131).
Soriano V, Garcia-Samaniego J, Bravo R, Castro A, Gonzalez J, Mtnez-Odriozola P, Colmenero J, Carballo E, Del Romero J, Pedreira J, et al. Efficacy of interferon for chronic hepatitis C in HIV+ patients. HIV/IFN/HCV Spanish Study Group [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1994 Aug 7-12;10(1):220 (abstract no. PB0310).
Soriano V, Garcia-Samaniego J, Bravo R, Castro A, Odriozola PM, Gonzalez J, Colmenero M, Carballo E, Suarez D, Llibre JM, et al. Efficacy and safety of alpha-interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients. HIV-Hepatitis Spanish Study Group. J Infect 1995 Jul;31(1):9-13.
Soriano V, Garcia-Samaniego J, Bravo R, Gonzalez J, Castro A, Castilla J, Mtnez-Odriozola P, Colmenero M, Carballo E, Suarez D, Rdez-Pinero FJ, Moreno A, Romero J, Pedreira J, Gonzalez-Lahoz J. Alfa-interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients [abstract]. Conf Retro Opportun Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1;3:84.
Soto B, Sanchez-Quijano A, Perez-Romero M, Abad MA, Andreu J, Calderon E, Lissen E, Alter HJ. Sexual transmission of HCV and possible role of coexistent HIV infection in the index cases. Viral Hepatitis and AIDS Study Group [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24;8(2):A20 (abstract no. PoA 2103).
Spencer MH, Ross JW. Hepatitis C prevelance, demographics and selection criteria for interferon therapy in an urban HIV-positive cohort [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12;11(1):96 (abstract no. MO.B.1242).
Srinivas RV, Ray RB, Meyer K, Ray R. Hepatitis C virus core protein inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. Virus Res 1996 Dec;45(2):87-92.
Stellrecht K, Drusano GL, Stein DS, Bilello JA. Plasma alpha1-acid glycoprotein is reduced in HIV-infected patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) [abstract]. Conf Retro Opportun Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1;3:84.
Suwanagool S, Tieangrim S, Ratanasuwan W, Mekanantagosol S, Luengrojanakul P, Kunasol P. Seroprevalence of anti-HCV among HIV-infected persons and general population. J Med Assoc Thai 1995 Nov;78(11):611-7.
Szebenyi S, Piliero PJ, Bartholomew C, Bauder G, Mckenna B, Stellrecht K, Ramnes C. Recombinant interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C in patients with HIV infection [abstract]. Conf Retro Opportun Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1;3:84.
Telfer PT, Brown D, Devereux H, Lee CA, DuSheiko GM. HCV RNA levels and HIV infection: evidence for a viral interaction in haemophilic patients. Br J Haematol 1994 Oct;88(2):397-9.
Thomas DL, Shih JW, Alter HJ, Vlahov D, Cohn S, Hoover DR, Cheung L, Nelson KE. Effect of human immunodeficiency virus on hepatitis C virus infection among injecting drug users. J Infect Dis 1996 Oct;174(4):690-5.
Watson HG, Zhang LQ, Simmonds P, Ludlam CA. Hepatitis C virus load increases with time after HIV infection [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24;8(2):B195 (abstract no. PoB 3629).
Wright TL, Hollander H, Pu X, Held MJ, Lipson P, Quan S, Polito A, Thaler MM, Bacchetti P, Scharschmidt BF. Hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients with and without AIDS: prevalence and relationship to patient survival. Hepatology 1994 Nov;20(5):1152-5.
Zylberberg H, Pol S. Reciprocal interactions between human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections. Clin Infect Dis 1996 Nov;23(5):1117-25.
Return to table of contentsH. Hepatitis C and Cryoglobulenemia or Glomerulonephritis
Abel G, Zhang QX, Agnello V. Hepatitis C virus infection in type II mixed cryoglobulinemia. Arthritis Rheum 1993 Oct;36(10):1341-9.
Adinolfi LE, Utili R, Attanasio V, Zampino R, Ragone E, Tripodi MF, Ruggiero G. Epidemiology, clinical spectrum and prognostic value of mixed cryoglobulinaemia in hepatitis C virus patients: a prospective study. Ital J Gastroenterol 1996 Jan;28(1):1-9.
Agnello V. The aetiology of mixed cryoglobulinaemia associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Scand J Immunol 1995 Aug;42(2):179-84.
Agnello V. The association of hepatitis C virus with mixed cryoglobulinemia. Mt Sinai J Med 1994 Sep;61(4):321-7.
Agnello V, Chung RT, Kaplan LM. A role for hepatitis C virus infection in type II cryoglobulinemia. N Engl J Med 1992 Nov 19;327(21):1490-5. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1992 Nov 19;327(21):1521-2; N Engl J Med 1993 Apr 15;328(15):1121; discussion 1123-4; N Engl J Med 1993 Apr 15;328(15):1121-2; discussion 1123-4; N Engl J Med 1993 Apr 15;328(15):112.
Agnello V, Romain PL. Mixed cryoglobulinemia secondary to hepatitis C virus infection. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1996 Feb;22(1):1-21.
Apartis E, Leger JM, Musset L, Gugenheim M, Cacoub P, Lyon-Caen O, Pierrot-Deseilligny C, Hauw JJ, Bouche P. Peripheral neuropathy associated with essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia: a role for hepatitis C virus infection? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996 Jun;60(6):661-6.
Ballare M, Airoldi G, Brunetto MR, Manzini P, Bordin G, Touscoz A, Bonino F, Monteverde A. Hepatitis C virus infection in type II essential mixed cryoglobulinemias. Arch Virol Suppl 1993;8:113-21.
Casaril M, Capra F, Gabrielli GB, Bassi A, Squarzoni S, Dagradi R, De Maria E, Corrocher R. Cryoglobulinemia in hepatitis C virus chronic active hepatitis: effects of interferon-alpha therapy. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1996 Aug;16(8):585-8.
Crovatto M, Ceselli S, Mazzaro C, Modolo ML, Martelli P, Mazzi G, Pozzato G, Giannini F, Barbisin M, Chiarotto B, et al. HCV genotypes and cryoglobulinemia. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995 Nov-Dec;13 Suppl 13:S79-82.
D'Amico G, Fornasieri A. Cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis: a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis induced by hepatitis C virus. Am J Kidney Dis 1995 Mar;25(3):361-9.
Ferri C, La Civita L, Longombardo G, Greco F, Bombardieri S. Hepatitis C virus and mixed cryoglobulinaemia. Eur J Clin Invest 1993 Jul;23(7):399-405.
Ferri C, Longombardo G, La Civita L, Greco F, Lombardini F, Cecchetti R, Cagianelli MA, Marchi S, Monti M, Zignego AL, et al. Hepatitis C virus chronic infection as a common cause of mixed cryoglobulinaemia and autoimmune liver disease. J Intern Med 1994 Jul;236(1):31-6.
Ferri C, Zignego AL, Longombardo G, Monti M, La Civita L, Lombardini F, Greco F, Mazzoni A, Pasero G, Gentilini P, et al. Effect of alpha-interferon on hepatitis C virus chronic infection in mixed cryoglobulinemia patients. Infection 1993 Mar-Apr;21(2):93-7.
Fornasieri A, D'Amico G. Type II mixed cryoglobulinaemia, hepatitis C virus infection, and glomerulonephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996;11 Suppl 4:25-30.
Frangeul L, Musset L, Cresta P, Cacoub P, Huraux JM, Lunel F. Hepatitis C virus genotypes and subtypes in patients with hepatitis C, with and without cryoglobulinemia. J Hepatol 1996 Oct;25(4):427-32.
Hepatitis C Virus and Cryoglobulinemia. Proceedings of a meeting. Milan, Italy, 13-14 October 1994. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995 Nov-Dec;13 Suppl 13:S1-210.
Johnson RJ, Gretch DR, Couser WG, Alpers CE, Wilson J, Chung M, Hart J, Willson R. Hepatitis C virus-associated glomerulonephritis. Effect of alpha-interferon therapy. Kidney Int 1994 Dec;46(6):1700-4.
Johnson RJ, Gretch DR, Yamabe H, Hart J, Bacchi CE, Hartwell P, Couser WG, Corey L, Wener MH, Alpers CE, et al. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med 1993 Feb 18;328(7):465-70. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1993 Feb 18;328(7):505-6.
Johnson RJ, Willson R, Yamabe H, Couser W, Alpers CE, Wener MH, Davis C, Gretch DR. Renal manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection. Kidney Int 1994 Nov;46(5):1255-63.
Karlsberg PL, Lee WM, Casey DL, Cockerell CJ, Cruz PD Jr. Cutaneous vasculitis and rheumatoid factor positivity as presenting signs of hepatitis C virus-induced mixed cryoglobulinemia. Arch Dermatol 1995 Oct;131(10):1119-23.
L'Abbate A, Cutrupi S, Rognetta M, Fabiano C, Craxi A. IgM and IgG antibodies to hepatitis C virus in patients with mixed cryoglobulinaemia. Clin Exp Immunol 1993 Nov;94(2):313-6.
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Levey JM, Romain PL, Bonkovsky HL. Putting the freeze on hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia. Hepatology 1995 Feb;21(2):594-7.
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Monteverde A, Airoldi G, Ballare M, Fortina G, Quaglia V, Pigatto A, Manzini P. Reliability of immunoassays for anti-HCV antibodies (ELISA and RIBA II) in patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC). Clin Exp Rheumatol 1993 Nov-Dec;11(6):609-13.
Munoz-Fernandez S, Barbado FJ, Martin Mola E, Gijon-Banos J, Martinez Zapico R, Quevedo E, Arribas JR, Gonzalez Anglada I, Vazquez JJ. Evidence of hepatitis C virus antibodies in the cryoprecipitate of patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia. J Rheumatol 1994 Feb;21(2):229-33.
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Rinaldi G, Saccardo F, Petrozzino MR, Bossi E, Manna MR, Monti G. Hepatitis C antibody and cryoglobulins in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995 Nov-Dec;13 Suppl 13:S161-3.
Schifferli JA, French LE, Tissot JD. Hepatitis C virus infection, cryoglobulinemia, and glomerulonephritis. Adv Nephrol Necker Hosp 1995;24:107-29.
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Wong VS, Egner W, Elsey T, Brown D, Alexander GJ. Incidence, character and clinical relevance of mixed cryoglobulinaemia in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Clin Exp Immunol 1996 Apr;104(1):25-31.
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Return to table of contentsI. Hepatitis C and Hemophilia
Ahmed MM, Mutimer DJ, Elias E, Linin J, Garrido M, Hubscher S, Jarvis L, Simmonds P, Wilde JT. A combined management protocol for patients with coagulation disorders infected with hepatitis C virus. Br J Haematol 1996 Nov;95(2):383-8.
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Eyster ME, Diamondstone LS, Goedert JJ. Hepatic AIDS in persons with hemophilia coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24;8(2):B164 (abstract no. PoB 3467).
Eyster ME, Diamondstone LS, Lien JM, Ehmann WC, Quan S, Goedert JJ. Natural history of hepatitis C virus infection in multitransfused hemophiliacs: effect of coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus. The Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1993 Jun;6(6):602-10.
Eyster ME, Fried MW, Di Bisceglie AM, Goedert JJ. Increasing hepatitis C virus RNA levels in hemophiliacs: relationship to human immunodeficiency virus infection and liver disease. Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study. Blood 1994 Aug 15;84(4):1020-3.
Gohchi K, Matsuda J, Gotoh M, Tsukamoto M, Saitoh N. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) p24 antigen in the cryoglobulin of hemophiliacs with HIV and or/HCV infection [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1994 Aug 7-12;10(2):90 (abstract no. PA0242).
Guo ZP, Yu MW. Hepatitis C virus RNA in factor VIII concentrates. Transfusion 1995 Feb;35(2):112-6.
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Telfer P, Sabin C, Devereux H, Scott F, Dusheiko G, Lee C. The progression of HCV-associated liver disease in a cohort of haemophilic patients. Br J Haematol 1994 Jul;87(3):555-61.
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Return to table of contentsJ. Iron Overload and Hepatitis C
Arber N, Konikoff FM, Moshkowitz M, Baratz M, Hallak A, Santo M, Halpern Z, Weiss H, Gilat T. Increased serum iron and iron saturation without liver iron accumulation distinguish chronic hepatitis C from other chronic liver diseases. Dig Dis Sci 1994 Dec;39(12):2656-9.
Beinker NK, Voigt MD, Arendse M, Smit J, Stander IA, Kirsch RE. Threshold effect of liver iron content on hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in hepatitis B and C. J Hepatol 1996 Nov;25(5):633-8.
Bonkovsky HL, Banner BF, Rothman AL. Iron and chronic viral hepatitis. Hepatology. Forthcoming 1997.
Caramelo C, Albalate M, Bermejillo T, Navas S, Ortiz A, de Sequera P, Casado S, Carreno V. Relationships between plasma ferritin and aminotransferase profile in haemodialysis patients with hepatitis C virus. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996 Sep;11(9):1792-6.
Farinati F, Cardin R, De Maria N, Della Libera G, Marafin C, Lecis E, Burra P, Floreani A, Cecchetto A, Naccarato R. Iron storage, lipid peroxidation and glutathione turnover in chronic anti-HCV positive hepatitis. J Hepatol 1995 Apr;22(4):449-56.
Haque S, Chandra B, Gerber MA, Lok AS. Iron overload in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a clinicopathologic study. Hum Pathol 1996 Dec;27(12):1277-81.
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Rossaro L, Farinati F, Boccia S, Inturri P, Gamberini S, Fagiuoli S, Floreani F. Randomized cross-over trial of phlebotomy and interferon for chronic hepatitis C in patients with high ferritin levels [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1996 Apr;110(4 Suppl):A1307.
Takikawa T, Hayashi H, Nishimura N, Yano M, Isomura T, Sakamoto N. Correlation between serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and ferritin in male blood donors with antibody to hepatitis C virus. J Gastroenterol 1994 Oct;29(5):593-7.
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Matsumori A, Matoba Y, Nishio R, Shioi T, Ono K, Sasayama S. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA from the heart of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996 May 24;222(3):678-82.
Matsumori A, Matoba Y, Sasayama S. Dilated cardiomyopathy associated with hepatitis C virus infection. Circulation 1995 Nov 1;92(9):2519-25.
Matsumori A, Sasayama S. Newer aspects of pathogenesis of heart failure: hepatitis C virus infection in myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. J Card Fail 1996 Dec;2(4 Suppl):S187-94.
Mazzaro C, Zagonel V, Monfardini S, Tulissi P, Pussini E, Fanni M, Sorio R, Bortolus R, Crovatto M, Santini G, Tiribelli C, Sasso F, Masutti R, Pozzato G. Hepatitis C virus and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Br J Haematol 1996 Sep 1;94(3):544-50.
Nagamine T, Ohtuka T, Takehara K, Arai T, Takagi H, Mori M. Thrombocytopenia associated with hepatitis C viral infection. J Hepatol 1996 Feb;24(2):135-40.
Nagao Y, Sata M, Ide T, Suzuki H, Tanikawa K, Itoh K, Kameyama T. Development and exacerbation of oral lichen planus during and after interferon therapy for hepatitis C. Eur J Clin Invest 1996 Dec;26(12):1171-4.
Navas S, Bosch O, Castillo I, Marriott E, Carreno V. Porphyria cutanea tarda and hepatitis C and B viruses infection: a retrospective study. Hepatology 1995 Feb;21(2):279-84.
Neri S, Bruno CM, D'Angelo G, Russo S. Peripancreatic lymphoadenopathy and extrahepatic immunological manifestations in chronic hepatitis C. Eur J Clin Invest 1996 Aug;26(8):665-7.
Ni YH, Chang MH, Lin KH, Chen PJ, Lin DT, Hsu HY, Chen DS. Hepatitis C viral infection in thalassemic children: clinical and molecular studies. Pediatr Res 1996 Feb;39(2):323-8.
O'Reilly FM, Darby C, Fogarty J, O'Moore R, Courtney MG, O'Connor J, Kay EW, Leader M, Fielding JF, Murphy GM. Porphyrin metabolism in hepatitis C infection. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 1996 Feb;12(1):31-3.
Pawlotsky JM, Bouvier M, Fromont P, Deforges L, Duval J, Dhumeaux D, Bierling P. Hepatitis C virus infection and autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. J Hepatol 1995 Dec;23(6):635-9.
Pawlotsky JM, Roudot-Thoraval F, Pellerin M, Germandis G, Desai S, Muerhoff AS, Bastie A, Darthuy F, Remire J, Zafrani EF, Mushahwar I, Duval J, Dhumeaux D. GBV-C infection in HCV-infected patients: epidemiological characteristics, influence on HCV infection and response to interferon alfa therapy [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):226A.
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Pirisi M, Scott C, Fabris C, Ferraccioli G, Soardo G, Ricci R, Toniutto P, Avellini C, Vitulli D, Miotti AM, et al. Mild sialoadenitis: a common finding in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994 Oct;29(10):940-2.
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Return to table of contentsDIAGNOSIS OF HEPATITIS C
A. Overview of Hepatitis C Diagnosis
Alberti A. Diagnosis of hepatitis C. Facts and perspectives. J Hepatol 1991 May;12(3):279-82. Comment in: J Hepatol 1991 Nov;13(3):383; J Hepatol 1992 Mar;14(2-3):411-2.
Bradley DW. Virology, molecular biology, and serology of hepatitis C virus. Transfus Med Rev 1992 Apr;6(2):93-102.
Brown JL. Hepatitis C: the structure and biology of the virus and diagnostic tests. J Infect 1995 Mar;30(2):95-101.
Cuypers HT. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA: application to diagnostics and research. Curr Stud Hematol Blood Transfus 1994;(61):49-68.
Hino K. Diagnosis of hepatitis C. Intervirology 1994;37(2):77-86.
Koff RS. Anti-HCV screening of blood donors: the impact in Spain. Gastroenterology 1991 Mar;100(3):839-41.
Rubin RA, Falestiny M, Malet PF. Chronic hepatitis C. Advances in diagnostic testing and therapy. Arch Intern Med 1994 Feb 28;154(4):387-92.
Weiss JB Jr, Persing DH. Hepatitis C: advances in diagnosis. Mayo Clin Proc 1995 Mar;70(3):296-7.
Return to table of contentsB. Differential Diagnosis of Hepatitis C
Abuaf N, Lunel F, Giral P, Borotto E, Laperche S, Poupon R, Opolon P, Huraux JM, Homberg JC. Non-organ specific autoantibodies associated with chronic C virus hepatitis. J Hepatol 1993 Jul;18(3):359-64. Comment in: J Hepatol 1993 Jul;18(3):273-5.
Alberti A. Diagnosis of hepatitis C. Facts and perspectives. J Hepatol 1991 May;12(3):279-82. Comment in: J Hepatol 1991 Nov;13(3):383; J Hepatol 1992 Mar;14(2-3):411-2.
Alberti A, Morsica G, Chemello L, Cavalletto D, Noventa F, Pontisso P, Ruol A. Hepatitis C viraemia and liver disease in symptom-free individuals with anti-HCV. Lancet 1992 Sep 19;340(8821):697-8. Comment in: Lancet 1992 Nov 7;340(8828):1161.
Amontree JS, Stuart TD, Bredfeldt JE. Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis masquerading as acute hepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 1989 Jun;11(3):303-7.
Berk L, Schalm SW, Heijtink RA. Severe chronic active hepatitis (autoimmune type) mimicked by coinfection of hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses. Gut 1991 Oct;32(10):1198-200.
Bonino F, Brunetto MR, Negro F, Baldi M, Saracco G, Abate ML, Fabiano A, Verme G. Hepatitis C virus infection and disease. Diagnostic problems. J Hepatol 1993;17 Suppl 3:S78-82.
Bradley DW. Virology, molecular biology, and serology of hepatitis C virus. Transfus Med Rev 1992 Apr;6(2):93-102.
Brown JL. Hepatitis C: the structure and biology of the virus and diagnostic tests. J Infect 1995 Mar;30(2):95-101.
Chouela E, Abeldano A, Panetta J, Ducard M, Neglia V, Sookoian S, Kina M, Castano G, Vereytou F, Frider B. Hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV): prevalence in psoriasis. Int J Dermatol 1996 Nov;35(11):797-9.
Coltorti M, Romano M, Persico M, Morisco F, Tuccillo C, Caporaso N. Hepatitis C virus RNA in serum and liver histology in asymptomatic anti-HCV positive subjects. Infection 1995 Jan-Feb;23(1):33-6.
Cuypers HT. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA: application to diagnostics and research. Curr Stud Hematol Blood Transfus 1994;(61):49-68.
Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA, Santrach PJ, Moore SB, Taswell HF, Homburger HA. Evidence against hepatitis viruses as important causes of severe autoimmune hepatitis in the United States. J Hepatol 1993 Jul;18(3):342-52. Comment in: J Hepatol 1993 Jul;18(3):273-5.
Davis GL. Hepatitis C virus antibody in patients with chronic autoimmune hepatitis: pitfalls in diagnosis and implications for treatment [editorial]. Mayo Clin Proc 1991 Jun;66(6):647-50. Comment on: Mayo Clin Proc 1991 Jun;66(6):572-82.
Fried MW, Draguesku JO, Shindo M, Simpson LH, Banks SM, Hoofnagle JH, Di Bisceglie AM. Clinical and serological differentiation of autoimmune and hepatitis C virus-related chronic hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 1993 Apr;38(4):631-6.
Heintges T, Niederau C. Differentiation between autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis C virus related liver disease. Z Gastroenterol 1993 May;31(5):285-8.
Hino K. Diagnosis of hepatitis C. Intervirology 1994;37(2):77-86.
Kiyosawa K, Seki T, Tanaka E, Sodeyama T, Furuta K, Furuta S, Hino K, Ota M, Inoko H. Comparison of the clinical and immunogenetic features between patients with autoimmune hepatitis and patients with type C chronic active hepatitis. Gastroenterol Jpn 1993 Mar;28 Suppl 4:63-8; discussion 76-80.
Koff RS. Anti-HCV screening of blood donors: the impact in Spain. Gastroenterology 1991 Mar;100(3):839-41.
Lee WM. Where is the dividing line between autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis C? Gastroenterology 1992 May;102(5):1814-5.
Lenzi M. Autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis C virus infection. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1994 Jul;14(3):247-52.
Lohse AW, Gerken G, Mohr H, Lohr HF, Treichel U, Dienes HP, Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH. Relation between autoimmune liver diseases and viral hepatitis: clinical and serological characteristics in 859 patients. Z Gastroenterol 1995 Sep;33(9):527-33.
McFarlane BM, Bridger C, Tibbs CJ, Saleh MG, Fuzio A, Verucchi G, Attard L, Boschi A, Chiodo F, McFarlane IG, et al. Virus-induced autoimmunity in hepatitis C virus infections: a rare event. J Med Virol 1994 Jan;42(1):66-72.
Rubin RA, Falestiny M, Malet PF. Chronic hepatitis C. Advances in diagnostic testing and therapy. Arch Intern Med 1994 Feb 28;154(4):387-92.
Savage K, Dhillon AP, Schmilovitz-Weiss H, el-Batanony M, Brown D, Dusheiko G, Scheuer PJ. Detection of HCV-RNA in paraffin-embedded liver biopsies from patients with autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 1995 Jan;22(1):27-34.
Schapiro GD, Friedman LS. Autoimmune hepatitis and/or hepatitis C: how to decide. Hepatology 1996 Mar;23(3):647-9.
Strassburg CP, Manns MP. Autoimmune hepatitis versus viral hepatitis C. Liver 1995 Oct;15(5):225-32.
Tanaka E, Kiyosawa K, Seki T, Matsumoto A, Sodeyama T, Furuta S, Kumagai T, Kohara M. Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with auto-immune hepatitis type 1. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1993 Sep-Oct;8(5):442-7.
Van Thiel DH, Molloy PJ, Friedlander L, Kania RJ, Fagiuoli S, Caraceni P, Wright HI, Zuhdi N. Interferon alpha treatment of chronic hepatitis C in patients with evidence for co-existent autoimmune dysregulation. Hepatogastroenterology 1995 Nov-Dec;42(6):900-6.
Weiss JB Jr, Persing DH. Hepatitis C: advances in diagnosis. Mayo Clin Proc 1995 Mar;70(3):296-7.
Zeniya M, Aizawa Y, Watanabe F, Kawabe T, Hara M, Sakaguchi M, Toda G. HCV-marker-positive autoimmune-type chronic active hepatitis: a possible relation between HCV infection and liver autoreaction. Liver 1994 Aug;14(4):206-12.
Zhang ZX, Chen M, Sonnerborg A, Weiland O, Sallberg M. Distinguishing acute from symptomatic chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by site-directed serology of the HCV structural proteins. J Infect Dis 1995 May;171(5):1356-9.
Return to table of contentsC. Diagnostic Tests for Hepatitis C
1. Overview of Diagnostic Tests for Hepatitis C
Blajchman MA, Bull SB, Feinman SV. Post-transfusion hepatitis: impact of non-A, non-B hepatitis surrogate tests. Canadian Post-Transfusion Hepatitis Prevention Study Group. Lancet 1995 Jan 7;345(8941):21-5. Comment in: Lancet 1995 Mar 4;345(8949):589-90.
Bonino F, Brunetto MR, Negro F. Diagnostic tools from molecular biology. Liver 1992 Aug;12(4 Pt 2):213-6.
Chemello L, Cavalletto D, Pontisso P, Bortolotti F, Donada C, Donadon V, Frezza M, Casarin P, Alberti A. Patterns of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis and their relationship to viral replication and liver disease. Hepatology 1993 Feb;17(2):179-82.
Chen Y, Cooper DL, Ehrlich GD. Comparative analysis of three nucleic acid-based detection systems for hepatitis C virus RNA in plasma from liver transplant recipients. Mol Cell Probes 1996 Oct;10(5):331-6.
Chicheportiche C, Cantaloube JF, Biagini P, Aumont P, Donnadieu F, Escher J, Larabi F, Zepitelli JP. Analysis of ELISA hepatitis C virus-positive blood donors population by polymerase chain reaction and recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). Comparison of second and third generation RIBA. Acta Virol 1993 Apr-Jun;37(2-3):123-31.
Chistolini A, Filoni V, Dragoni F, Piro L, Mazzucconi MG, Isacchi G. Hepatitis C virus antibody in coagulopathic patients: ELISA and RIBA methods. Haematologica 1993 Jul-Aug;78(4):252-4.
Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner A, Wang KS, Overby L, Bradley D, Houghton M. Identification of the major, parenteral non-A, non-B hepatitis agent (hepatitis C virus) using a recombinant cDNA approach. Semin Liver Dis 1992 Aug;12(3):279-88.
Clifford BD, Donahue D, Smith L, Cable E, Luttig B, Manns M, Bonkovsky HL. High prevalence of serological markers of autoimmunity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1995 Mar;21(3):613-9.
De Groote J. Prevalence and significance of anti-HCV antibodies. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 1991 May-Aug;54(3-4):248-56.
de Medina M, Schiff ER. Hepatitis C: diagnostic assays. Semin Liver Dis 1995 Feb;15(1):33-40.
Decker RH. The discovery of the NANB hepatitis virus by gene technology. Beitr Infusionsther 1992;30:6-12.
Feucht HH, Zollner B, Laufs R. Comparison of conventional autoradiography with a new DNA enzyme immunoassay for the detection of hepatitis C virus-polymerase chain reaction amplification products. J Virol Methods 1995 Sep;55(1):105-10.
Glazebrook JA, Rodgers BC, Corbishley T, Garson JA, Parker D, Barbara JA, Tedder RS, Highfield PE. Diagnostic reagents for hepatitis C virus. Arch Virol Suppl 1992;4:219-21.
Gretch D, Lee W, Corey L. Use of aminotransferase, hepatitis C antibody, and hepatitis C polymerase chain reaction RNA assays to establish the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection in a diagnostic virology laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 1992 Aug;30(8):2145-9.
Groupe Francais d'Etudes Moleculaires des Hepatites, GEMHEP. Hepatitis C virus: new diagnostic tools. Montrouge (France): John Libbey Eurotext; 1994. 109 p.
Krajden M. Molecular detection of hepatitis C virus: impact of detection methodology on clinical and laboratory correlations. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1995;32(1):41-66.
Lau JY, Krawczynski K, Negro F, Gonzalez-Peralta RP. In situ detection of hepatitis C virus--a critical appraisal. J Hepatol 1996;24(2 Suppl):43-51.
Mayerat C, Burgisser P, Lavanchy D, Mantegani A, Frei PC. Comparison of a competitive combined reverse transcription-PCR assay with a branched-DNA assay for hepatitis C virus RNA quantitation. J Clin Microbiol 1996 Nov;34(11):2702-6.
Poovorawan Y, Theamboonlers A, Chumdermpadetsuk S, Thong CP. Comparative results in detection of HCV antibodies by using a rapid HCV test, ELISA and immunoblot. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1994 Dec;25(4):647-9.
Reesink HW, van der Poel CL, Bresters D, Cuypers HT, Zaaijer H, Lelie PN. Testing for HCV markers. Dev Biol Stand 1993;81:77-84.
Roggendorf M, Lu M, Meisel H, Riffelmann M, Schreier E, Viazov S. Rational use of diagnostic tools in hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1996;24(2 Suppl):26-34.
Silva AE, Hosein B, Boyle RW, Fang CT, Shindo M, Waggoner JG, Hoofnagle JH, Di Bisceglie AM. Diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C: comparison of immunoassays and the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Gastroenterol 1994 Apr;89(4):493-6.
Tedeschi V, Seeff LB. Diagnostic tests for hepatitis C: where are we now? [editorial]. Ann Intern Med 1995 Sep 1;123(5):383-5. Comment on: Ann Intern Med 1995 Sep 1;123(5):321-9.
Trepo C, Zoulim F, Alonso C, Petit MA, Pichoud C, Vitvitski L. Diagnostic markers of viral hepatitis B and C. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S20-5.
Zein NN, Rakela J, Persing DH. Genotype-dependent serologic reactivities in patients infected with hepatitis C virus in the United States. Mayo Clin Proc 1995 May;70(5):449-52.
Return to table of contents2. Serologic Tests for Hepatitis C
a. Overview of Serologic Tests for Hepatitis CAkatsuka T, Donets M, Scaglione L, Ching WM, Shih JW, Di Bisceglie AM, Feinstone SM. B-cell epitopes on the hepatitis C virus nucleocapsid protein determined by human monospecific antibodies. Hepatology 1993 Sep;18(3):503-10.
Alberti A. IgM antibodies to hepatitis C virus [editorial]. J Viral Hepat 1994;1(2):85-6. Comment on: J Viral Hepat 1994;1(2):155-7; J Viral Hepat 1994;1(2):159-61.
Allain JP, Kitchen A, Aloysius S, Reeves I, Petrik J, Barbara JA, Williamson LM. Safety and efficacy of hepatitis C virus antibody screening of blood donors with two sequential screening assays. Transfusion 1996 May;36(5):401-5.
Alter MJ. Review of serologic testing for hepatitis C virus infection and risk of posttransfusion hepatitis C. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1994 Apr;118(4):342-5.
Aoki SK, Kuramoto IK, Anderson S, Schoening V, Rodriguez R, Fernando L, Sazama K, Holland PV. Evidence that use of a second-generation hepatitis C antibody assay prevents additional cases of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis. J Viral Hepat 1994;1(1):73-7.
Berger A, Doerr HW, Preiser W, Weber B. Lack of correlation between different hepatitis C virus screening and confirmatory assays. J Virol Methods 1996 May;59(1-2):141-6.
Boero R, Martina G, Bosio P, Devos S, Bertolo P, Forneris G, Giachino O, Quarello F, Piccoli G. HCV viremia in hemodialysis patients: detection by a DNA enzyme immunoassay for amplified HCV sequences. Ren Fail 1995 Sep;17(5):565-73.
Bonino F, Demartini A, Brunetto MR. Diagnostic advances in viral hepatitis: the discovery of hepatitis C virus and genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis B virus. Ann Ist Super Sanita 1991;27(3):547-53.
Brillanti S, Masci C, Miglioli M, Barbara L. Serum IgM antibodies to hepatitis C virus in acute and chronic hepatitis C. Arch Virol Suppl 1993;8:213-8.
Castelnovo C, Lunghi G, De Vecchi A, Grancini A, Como G, Graziani G, Scalamogna A, Ponticelli C. Comparison of three different tests for assessment of hepatitis C virus in dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int 1995 Jul-Sep;15(6):241-5.
Cerino A, Cividini A, Asti M, Lanza A, Silini E, Mondelli MU. Comparative evaluation of two serologic typing methods for hepatitis C virus. J Clin Microbiol 1996 Mar;34(3):714-6.
Constantine NT, Holm-Hansen C, Skaug N, Vasilescu F. Successful use of two rapid HCV assays in a high prevalence Romanian population. J Clin Lab Anal 1994;8(5):332-4.
de Medina M, Schiff ER. Hepatitis C: diagnostic assays. Semin Liver Dis 1995 Feb;15(1):33-40.
Dies DF. Serologic diagnosis of hepatitis C infection. Review of available tests. J La State Med Soc 1995 Mar;147(3):113-6.
Donegan E, Wright TL, Roberts J, Ascher NL, Lake JR, Neuwald P, Wilber J, Quan S, Kuramoto IK, Dinello RK, et al. Detection of hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Four serologic tests compared. Am J Clin Pathol 1995 Dec;104(6):673-9.
Farci P, London WT, Wong DC, Dawson GJ, Vallari DS, Engle R, Purcell RH. The natural history of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in chimpanzees: comparison of serologic responses measured with first- and second-generation assays and relationship to HCV viremia. J Infect Dis 1992 Jun;165(6):1006-11.
Feucht HH, Zollner B, Polywka S, Laufs R. Study on reliability of commercially available hepatitis C virus antibody tests. J Clin Microbiol 1995 Mar;33(3):620-4.
Frider B, Sookoian S, Castano G, Rebora N, Gutfraind Z, Mirta K, Veyretou F, Wainstein C. Prevalence of hepatitis C in health care workers investigated by 2nd generation enzyme-linked and line immunoassays. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam 1994;24(2):71-5.
Hoofnagle JH, Di Bisceglie AM. Serologic diagnosis of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 1991 May;11(2):73-83.
Katkov WN, Dienstag JL, Cody H, Evans AA, Choo QL, Houghton M, Kuo G. Role of hepatitis C virus in non-B chronic liver disease. Arch Intern Med 1991 Aug;151(8):1548-52.
Kitchen AD, Tucker NV. The specificity of anti-HCV supplementary assays. Vox Sang 1995;69(2):100-3.
Leon P, Lopez JA, Domingo C, Echevarria JM. Evaluation of laboratory assays for screening antibody to hepatitis C virus. Transfusion 1993 Mar;33(3):268-70.
Lesniewski R, Okasinski G, Carrick R, Van Sant C, Desai S, Johnson R, Scheffel J, Moore B, Mushahwar I. Antibody to hepatitis C virus second envelope (HCV-E2) glycoprotein: a new marker of HCV infection closely associated with viremia. J Med Virol 1995 Apr;45(4):415-22.
Lohr H, Nagel C, Dienes HP, Simpson B, Michel G, Goergen B, Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH, Gerken G. Significance of IgG and IgM HCV antibody secretion in vitro in patients with chronic hepatitis C: correlation with disease activity and response to interferon-alpha. Hepatology 1994 Dec;20(6):1383-9.
Long GS, Bacon BR, Bisceglie AM. Interpreting serologic tests for hepatitis C virus infection: balancing cost and clarity. Cleve Clin J Med 1996 Sep;63(5):264-8.
MacDonald KL, Mills WA, Wood RC, Hanson M, Kline W, Bowman RJ, Polesky HF, Williams AE, Osterholm MT. Evaluation of clinical and laboratory aspects of antibody tests for detection of hepatitis C virus infection in blood donors and recipients from a low-risk population. Transfusion 1994 Mar;34(3):202-8.
Martinelli AL, Brown D, Braun HB, Michel G, Dusheiko GM. Quantitative assessment of hepatitis C virus RNA and IgM antibodies to hepatitis C core in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1996 Jan;24(1):21-6.
McDonnell WM, Lok AS. Testing for hepatitis C virus RNA in serum: when and how? [editorial]. Viral Hepat Rev 1996 Jun;2(2):81-3.
McIntyre PG, Laszlo J, Appleyard K, Ogden GR. Modified enzyme immunoassay to detect hepatitis C virus antibodies in oral fluid. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996 Nov;15(11):882-4.
Monteverde A, Airoldi G, Ballare M, Fortina G, Quaglia V, Pigatto A, Manzini P. Reliability of immunoassays for anti-HCV antibodies (ELISA and RIBA II) in patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC). Clin Exp Rheumatol 1993 Nov-Dec;11(6):609-13.
Nagayama R, Miyake K, Tsuda F, Okamoto H. IgM antibody to a hepatitis C virus core peptide (CP14) for monitoring activity of liver disease in patients with acute or chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol 1994 Mar;42(3):311-7.
Quinn PG, Wheeler D , Jamal MM, Sonnenberg A. What serologic tests are necessary before a liver biopsy in patients with hepatitis C (HCV)? [abstract]. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 2):270A.
Roy KM, Bagg J, Bird GL, Spence E, Follett EA, Mills PR, Lau JY. Serological and salivary markers compared with biochemical markers for monitoring interferon treatment for hepatitis C virus infection. J Med Virol 1995 Dec;47(4):429-34.
Seme K, Poljak M. Evaluation of the Amplicor HCV test: experiences after 1 year of routine use in a diagnostic laboratory. Infection 1996 Mar-Apr;24(2):140-3.
Vallari DS, Jett BW, Alter HJ, Mimms LT, Holzman R, Shih JW. Serological markers of posttransfusion hepatitis C viral infection. J Clin Microbiol 1992 Mar;30(3):552-6.
Wilber JC, Polito A. Serological and virological diagnostic tests for hepatitis C virus infection. Semin Gastrointest Dis 1995 Jan;6(1):13-9.
Williams AE, Dodd RY. The serology of hepatitis C virus in relation to post-transfusion hepatitis. Ann Clin Lab Sci 1990 May-Jun;20(3):192-9.
Younossi ZM, McHutchison JG. Serological tests for HCV infection. Viral Hepat Rev 1996 Sep;2(3):161-73.
Zhang ZX, Yun ZB, Chen M, Sonnerborg A, Sallberg M. Evaluation of a multiple peptide assay for typing of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus: relation to genomic typing by the polymerase chain reaction. J Med Virol 1995 Jan;45(1):50-5.
Return to table of contentsb. ELISA Testing for Hepatitis C
al Meshari K, al Ahdal M, Alfurayh O, Ali A, De Vol E, Kessie G. New insights into hepatitis C virus infection of hemodialysis patients: the implications. Am J Kidney Dis 1995 Apr;25(4):572-8.
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Bryan CF, Tegtmeier GE, Polito A, Bayer W, Pierce GE, Shield CF, Warady BA, Aeder MI, Borkon AM, Estep TH, Forster J, Landreneau MD, Luger AM, Nelson PW, Ross G. Evaluation of the 3.0 Ortho EIA assay in 385 consecutive cadaveric organ donors. Transplant Proc 1996 Feb;28(1):155-6.
Bukh J, Wantzin P, Krogsgaard K, Knudsen F, Purcell RH, Miller RH. High prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in dialysis patients: failure of commercially available antibody tests to identify a significant number of patients with HCV infection. Copenhagen Dialysis HCV Study Group. J Infect Dis 1993 Dec;168(6):1343-8.
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Cheng IK, Chan DT, Lok AS. Hepatitis C infection among renal transplant recipients: a comparative study using first- and second-generation anti-HCV EIA and HCV detection by nested PCR. Transplant Proc 1993 Feb;25(1 Pt 2):1460-2.
Ching WM, Wychowski C, Beach MJ, Wang H, Davies CL, Carl M, Bradley DW, Alter HJ, Feinstone SM, Shih JW. Interaction of immune sera with synthetic peptides corresponding to the structural protein region of hepatitis C virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992 Apr 15;89(8):3190-4.
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Return to table of contentsc. Immunoblots and Other Immunoassays for Hepatitis C
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Brown D, Powell L, Morris A, Rassam S, Sherlock S, McIntyre N, Zuckerman AJ, Dusheiko GM. Improved diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C virus infection by detection of antibody to multiple epitopes: confirmation by antibody to synthetic oligopeptides. J Med Virol 1992 Nov;38(3):167-71.
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Return to table of contents3. Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing for Hepatitis C
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Miller RH, Bukh J, Purcell RH. Importance of the polymerase chain reaction in the study of hepatitis C virus infection. Int J Clin Lab Res 1993;23(3):139-45.
Miskovsky EP, Carrella AV, Gutekunst K, Sun CA, Quinn TC, Thomas DL. Clinical characterization of a competitive PCR assay for quantitative testing of hepatitis C virus. J Clin Microbiol 1996 Aug;34(8):1975-9.
Morris T, Robertson B, Gallagher M. Rapid reverse transcription-PCR detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in serum by using the TaqMan fluorogenic detection system. J Clin Microbiol 1996 Dec;34(12):2933-6.
Muratori L, Gibellini D, Lenzi M, Cataleta M, Muratori P, Morelli MC, Bianchi FB. Quantification of hepatitis C virus-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells by in situ reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Blood 1996 Oct 1;88(7):2768-74.
Ohto H, Terazawa S, Sasaki N, Sasaki N, Hino K, Ishiwata C, Kako M, Ujiie N, Endo C, Matsui A, et al. Transmission of hepatitis C virus from mothers to infants. The Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med 1994 Mar 17;330(11):744-50. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1994 Mar 17;330(11):784-6; N Engl J Med 1994 Aug 11;331(6):399; discussion 400; N Engl J Med 1994 Aug 11;331(6):399-400.
Parvaz P, Guichard E, Chevallier P, Ritter J, Trepo C, Sepetjan M. Hepatitis C: description of a highly sensitive method for clinical detection of viral RNA. J Virol Methods 1994 Apr;47(1-2):83-94.
Payan C, Bloch F, Gaultier I, Belec L. Single-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for hepatitis C virus RNA with DNA enzyme immunoassay hybridization. J Virol Methods 1995 Jun;53(2-3):167-75.
Payan C, Dupre T, Belec L. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by a reliable, optimized single-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Res Virol 1995 Sep-Oct;146(5):363-70.
Prieto M, Olaso V, Verdu C, Cordoba J, Gisbert C, Rayon M, Carrasco D, Berenguer M, Higon MD, Berenguer J. Does the healthy hepatitis C virus carrier state really exist? An analysis using polymerase chain reaction. Hepatology 1995 Aug;22(2):413-7.
Reid JG. Detection of HCV-RNA in the blood donor population of Yorkshire. Br J Biomed Sci 1994 Sep;51(3):215-20.
Roth WK, Lee JH, Ruster B, Zeuzem S. Comparison of two quantitative hepatitis C virus reverse transcriptase PCR assays. J Clin Microbiol 1996 Feb;34(2):261-4.
Saldanha J, Minor P. Collaborative study to assess the suitability of an HCV RNA reference sample for detection of an HCV RNA in plasma pools by PCR. Vox Sang 1996;70(3):148-51.
Saldanha J, Minor P. A sensitive PCR method for detecting HCV RNA in plasma pools, blood products, and single donations. J Med Virol 1994 May;43(1):72-6.
Schacker U, Bermayer HP, Boehler V, Ionescu D, Zapata M, Grauer H, Rai K. Rapid HCV RNA detection by PCR followed by a new non-radioactive liquid hybridisation assay and comparison with RIBA. J Med Virol 1995 Aug;46(4):304-9.
Schlauder GG, Mushahwar IK. Detection of hepatitis C and E virus by the polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods 1994 May;47(3):243-53.
Sergi C, Goeser T, Otto G, Otto HF, Hofmann WJ. A rapid and highly specific technique to detect hepatitis C RNA in frozen sections of liver. J Clin Pathol 1996 May;49(5):369-72.
Shieh YS, Shim KS, Lampertico P, Balart LA, Jeffers LJ, Thung SN, Regenstein F, Reddy KR, Farr G, Schiff ER, et al. Detection of hepatitis C virus sequences in liver tissue by the polymerase chain reaction. Lab Invest 1991 Oct;65(4):408-11.
Shiratori Y, Kato N, Tamatsukuri S, Yoshida H, Kawabe T, Nakata R, Okano K, Omata M. Real-time monitoring of HCV-RNA by single tube assay kit and potential importance for predicting virological sustained response in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996 Aug;11(8):705-11.
Tanaka Y, Enomoto N, Kojima S, Tang L, Goto M, Marumo F, Sato C. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in the liver by in situ hybridization. Liver 1993 Aug;13(4):203-8.
Tellier R, Bukh J, Emerson SU, Miller RH, Purcell RH. Long PCR and its application to hepatitis viruses: amplification of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C virus genomes. J Clin Microbiol 1996 Dec;34(12):3085-91.
Tilston P, Corbitt G. A single tube nested PCR for the detection of hepatitis C virus RNA. J Virol Methods 1995 May;53(1):121-9.
Trabaud MA, Bailly F, Colucci G, Trepo C. Stability of hepatitis C virus RNA in serum from samples collected in a closed-tube system for serum separation and transport, as measured by a quantitative competitive PCR assay. J Viral Hepat 1996 Jul;3(4):207-9.
Ulrich PP, Romeo JM, Daniel LJ, Vyas GN. An improved method for the detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in plasma utilizing heminested primers and internal control RNA. PCR Methods Appl 1993 Feb;2(3):241-9.
Umlauft F, Wong DT, Oefner PJ, Underhill PA, Cheung RC, Wright TL, Kolykhalov AA, Gruenewald K, Greenberg HB. Hepatitis C virus detection by single-round PCR specific for the terminal 3' noncoding region. J Clin Microbiol 1996 Oct;34(10):2552-8.
Villamil FG, Hu KQ, Yu CH, Lee CH, Rojter SE, Podesta LG, Makowka L, Geller SA, Vierling JM. Detection of hepatitis C virus with RNA polymerase chain reaction in fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 1995 Nov;22(5):1379-86.
Whitby K, Garson JA. Optimisation and evaluation of a quantitative chemiluminescent polymerase chain reaction assay for hepatitis C virus RNA. J Virol Methods 1995 Jan;51(1):75-88.
Wolff C, Hornschemeyer D, Wolff D, Kleesiek K. Single-tube nested PCR with room-temperature-stable reagents. PCR Methods Appl 1995 Jun;4(6):376-9.
Yoshioka K, Kakumu S, Wakita T, Ishikawa T, Itoh Y, Takayanagi M, Higashi Y, Shibata M, Morishima T. Detection of hepatitis C virus by polymerase chain reaction and response to interferon-alpha therapy: relationship to genotypes of hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 1992 Aug;16(2):293-9.
Young KK, Archer JJ, Yokosuka O, Omata M, Resnick RM. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by a combined reverse transcription PCR assay: comparison with nested amplification and antibody testing. J Clin Microbiol 1995 Mar;33(3):654-7.
Young KK, Resnick RM, Myers TW. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by a combined reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. J Clin Microbiol 1993 Apr;31(4):882-6.
Yun Z, Lundeberg J, Johansson B, Hedrum A, Weiland O, Uhlen M, Sonnerborg A. Colorimetric detection of competitive PCR products for quantification of hepatitis C viremia. J Virol Methods 1994 Apr;47(1-2):1-13.
Zaaijer HL, Cuypers HT, Reesink HW, Winkel IN, Gerken G, Lelie PN. Reliability of polymerase chain reaction for detection of hepatitis C virus. Lancet 1993 Mar 20;341(8847):722-4.
Zeuzem S, Ruster B, Roth WK. Clinical evaluation of a new polymerase chain reaction assay (Amplicor HCV) for detection of hepatitis C virus. Z Gastroenterol 1994 Jun;32(6):342-7.
Return to table of contents4. Liver Enzyme Tests for Hepatitis C
Caramelo C, Bartolome J, Albalate M, De Sequera P, Navas S, Bermejillo T, Oliva H, Marriott E, Ortiz A, Ruiz Tunon C, Casado S, Carreno V. Undiagnosed hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients: value of HCV RNA and liver enzyme levels. Kidney Int 1996 Dec;50(6):2027-31.
Dubois F, Francois M, Mariotte N, Caces E, Vol S, Roingeard P, Barin F, Goudeau A, Tichet J. Serum alanine aminotransferase measurement as a guide to selective testing for hepatitis C during medical checkup. J Hepatol 1994 Nov;21(5):837-41.
Katkov WN, Friedman LS, Cody H, Evans A, Kuo G, Choo QL, Houghton M, Dienstag JL. Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels in blood donors: the contribution of hepatitis C virus. Ann Intern Med 1991 Dec 1;115(11):882-4.
Lim HL, Myers BM, Hamilton BA, Davis GL, Lau JY. Plasma glutathione concentration in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(4):211-4.
Nelson DR, Lim HL, Oliver D, Qian KP, Davis GL, Lau JY. alpha-Glutathione S-transferase as a marker of hepatocellular damage in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Am J Clin Pathol 1995 Aug;104(2):193-8.
Salazar AE, Hermogenes PW, Yens DP. Incidence of hepatitis C in patients with chronic elevations of aminotransferases. J Am Board Fam Pract 1996 May-Jun;9(3):157-61.
Return to table of contents5. Other Diagnostic Tests for Hepatitis C
Abe K, Kurata T, Shikata T. Non-A, non-B hepatitis: visualization of virus-like particles from chimpanzee and human sera. Arch Virol 1989;104(3-4):351-5.
Alter HJ, Shih JW. Probable visualization of the elusive hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 1993 Jun;17(6):1164-6.
Balercia G, Accordini C, Di Piramo D, Martella F, Tomezzoli A. An ultrastructural study of six cases of chronic active C hepatitis. A comparison with chronic active B hepatitis. Ultrastruct Pathol 1993 Sep-Oct;17(5):477-82.
Blight K, Lesniewski R, LaBrooy J, Trowbridge R, Gowans E. Localisation of hepatitis C virus proteins in infected liver tissue by immunofluorescence. Gastroenterol Jpn 1993 May;28 Suppl 5:55-8.
Blight K, Lesniewski RR, LaBrooy JT, Gowans EJ. Detection and distribution of hepatitis C-specific antigens in naturally infected liver. Hepatology 1994 Sep;20(3):553-7.
Chamlian A, Benkoel L, Ikoli JF, Brisse J, Jacob T. Nuclear immunostaining of hepatitis C infected hepatocytes with monoclonal antibodies to C100-3 nonstructural protein. Comparison of immunogold silver staining with other immunohistochemical methods. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 1993 May;39(3):243-51.
Cheung RC, Matsui Sm, Greenberg HB. Rapid and sensitive method for detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by using silica particles. J Clin Microbiol 1994 Oct;32(10):2593-7. Comment in: J Clin Microbiol 1995 Sep;33(9):2522-3.
Faa G, Ambu R, Congiu T, Mocci C, Parodo G, Pilleri G, Farci AM, Vallebona E, Costa V, Riva A. Scanning electron microscopy of chronic hepatitis C. An OsO4 maceration study on human biopsies. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 1994 Jul;26(3):415-23.
Gastaldi M, Massacrier A, Planells R, Robaglia-Schlupp A, Portal-Bartolomei I, Bourliere M, Quilici F, Fiteni J, Mazzella E, Cau P. Detection by in situ hybridization of hepatitis C virus positive and negative RNA strands using digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes in human liver cells. J Hepatol 1995 Nov;23(5):509-18.
Gretch DR, dela Rosa C, Corey L, Carithers RL Jr. Assessment of hepatitis C viremia using molecular amplification technologies. Viral Hepat Rev 1996 Jun;2(2):85-96.
Himeno H, Enzan H, Saibara T, Onishi S, Yamamoto Y. Immunoelectron microscopic observations on Leu-7 positive cells in virus-related chronic liver diseases. Virchows Arch 1994;424(5):471-6.
Kaito M, Watanabe S, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Yamaguchi K, Kobayashi Y, Konishi M, Yokoi M, Ishida S, Suzuki S, Kohara M. Hepatitis C virus particle detected by immunoelectron microscopic study. J Gen Virol 1994 Jul;75(Pt 7):1755-60.
Krawczynski K, Beach MJ, Bradley DW, Kuo G, di Bisceglie AM, Houghton M, Reyes GR, Kim JP, Choo QL, Alter MJ. Hepatitis C virus antigen in hepatocytes: immunomorphologic detection and identification. Gastroenterology 1992 Aug;103(2):622-9.
Li X, Jeffers LJ, Shao L, Reddy KR, de Medina M, Scheffel J, Moore B, Schiff ER. Identification of hepatitis C virus by immunoelectron microscopy. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(5):227-34.
Poniachik J, Bernstein DE, Reddy KR, Jeffers LJ, Coelho-Little ME, Civantos F, Schiff ER. The role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of cirrhosis. Gastrointest Endosc 1996 Jun;43(6):568-71.
Sakai Y, Izumi N, Tazawa J, Uchihara M, Akiba T, Marumo F, Sato C. Characteristics of anti-HCV antibody-positive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma on chronic hemodialysis: recommendation of periodic ultrasonography for early detection. Nephron 1996;74(2):386-9.
Sansonno D, Iacobelli AR, Cornacchiulo V, Distasi M, Dammacco F. Immunohistochemical detection of hepatitis C virus-related proteins in liver tissue. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995 Nov-Dec;13 Suppl 13:S29-32.
Sansonno D, Iacobelli AR, Cornacchiulo V, Iodice G, Dammacco F. Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins by immunofluorescence and HCV RNA genomic sequences by non-isotopic in situ hybridization in bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronically HCV-infected patients. Clin Exp Immunol 1996 Mar;103(3):414-21.
Shimizu YK, Feinstone SM, Kohara M, Purcell RH, Yoshikura H. Hepatitis C virus: detection of intracellular virus particles by electron microscopy. Hepatology 1996 Feb;23(2):205-9. Comment in: Hepatology 1996 Feb;23(2):372-5.
Sudo K, Inoue H, Shimizu Y, Yamaji K, Konno K, Shigeta S, Kaneko T, Yokota T, Shimotohno K. Establishment of an in vitro assay system for screening hepatitis C virus protease inhibitors using high performance liquid chromatography. Antiviral Res 1996 Aug;32(1):9-18.
Return to table of contentsD. Role of Liver Biopsy in Hepatitis C
Arista-Nasr J, Pichardo-Bahena R, Castaneda B, Lisker M, Keirns C. Hepatitis C: a disease with a wide morphological spectrum? J Clin Gastroenterol 1996 Mar;22(2):121-5.
Balercia G, Accordini C, Di Piramo D, Martella F, Tomezzoli A. An ultrastructural study of six cases of chronic active C hepatitis. A comparison with chronic active B hepatitis. Ultrastruct Pathol 1993 Sep-Oct;17(5):477-82.
Ballardini G, Groff P, Giostra F, Francesconi R, Miniero R, Ghetti S, Zauli D, Bianchi FB. Hepatocellular codistribution of c100, c33, c22, and NS5 hepatitis C virus antigens detected by using immunopurified polyclonal spontaneous human antibodies. Hepatology 1995 Mar;21(3):730-4.
Ballardini G, Groff P, Giostra F, Francesconi R, Zauli D, Bianchi G, Lenzi M, Cassani F, Bianchi F. Hepatocellular expression of HLA-A, B, C molecules predicts primary response to interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Am J Clin Pathol 1994 Dec;102(6):746-51.
Bedossa P, Poynard T. An algorithm for the grading of activity in chronic hepatitis C. The METAVIR Cooperative Study Group. Hepatology 1996 Aug;24(2):289-93.
Bennett WG, Wong JB, Koff RS, Ishida H, Beck JR, Pauker SG. What is the optimal pretreatment evaluation of chronic hepatitis C? [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):384A.
Betta PG, Robutti F, Fruttaldo L, Pavesi M, Pastormerlo M, Tallarida F. Morphometric assessment of nucleolar activity in liver cells during the evolutive pathway of chronic hepatitis C to cirrhosis. Pathologica 1993 Jan-Feb;85(1095):31-6.
Blight K, Lesniewski R, LaBrooy J, Trowbridge R, Gowans E. Localisation of hepatitis C virus proteins in infected liver tissue by immunofluorescence. Gastroenterol Jpn 1993 May;28 Suppl 5:55-8.
Blight K, Lesniewski RR, LaBrooy JT, Gowans EJ. Detection and distribution of hepatitis C-specific antigens in naturally infected liver. Hepatology 1994 Sep;20(3):553-7.
Bresters D, Schipper ME, Reesink HW, Boeser-Nunnink BD, Cuypers HT. The duration of fixation influences the yield of HCV cDNA-PCR products from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissue. J Virol Methods 1994 Jul;48(2-3):267-72.
Cahen DL, van Leeuwen DJ, ten Kate FJ, Blok AP, Oosting J, Chamuleau RA. Do serum ALAT values reflect the inflammatory activity in the liver of patients with chronic viral hepatitis? Liver 1996 Apr;16(2):105-9.
Cathomas G, McGandy CE, Terracciano LM, Gudat F, Bianchi L. Detection and typing of hepatitis C RNA in liver biopsies and its relation to histopathology. Virchows Arch 1996 Dec;429(6):353-8.
Chu HW, Dash S, Gerber MA. Genomic and replicative hepatitis C virus RNA sequences and histologic activity in chronic hepatitis C. Hum Pathol 1994 Feb;25(2):160-3.
David E, Pucci A, Palladin D, Saracco G, Garello E, Pintus C, Rocca G, Chiandussi L, Solinas A, Mollo F, et al. Histologic changes in liver biopsy specimens produced by recombinant interferon alpha-2b therapy for chronic non-A,non-B viral hepatitis. A randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Pathol 1992 Oct;98(4):397-401.
Delladetsima JK, Rassidakis G, Tassopoulos NC, Papatheodoridis GV, Smyrnoff T, Vafiadis I. Histopathology of chronic hepatitis C in relation to epidemiological factors. J Hepatol 1996 Jan;24(1):27-32.
Di Bisceglie AM, Axiotis CA, Hoofnagle JH, Bacon BR. Measurements of iron status in patients with chronic hepatitis. Gastroenterology 1992 Jun;102(6):2108-13. Comment in: Gastroenterology 1993 Feb;104(2):665.
Di Bisceglie AM, Hoofnagle JH, Krawczynski K. Changes in hepatitis C virus antigen in liver with antiviral therapy. Gastroenterology 1993 Sep;105(3):858-62.
Diamond DA, Davis GL, Qian KP, Lau JY. Detection of hepatitis C viral sequences in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissue: effect of interferon alpha therapy. J Med Virol 1994 Mar;42(3):294-8.
Faa G, Ambu R, Congiu T, Mocci C, Parodo G, Pilleri G, Farci AM, Vallebona E, Costa V, Riva A. Scanning electron microscopy of chronic hepatitis C. An OsO4 maceration study on human biopsies. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 1994 Jul;26(3):415-23.
Garcia-Tsao G, Boyer JL. Outpatient liver biopsy: how safe is it? [editorial]. Ann Intern Med 1993 Jan 15;118(2):150-3. Comment on: Ann Intern Med 1993 Jan 15;118(2):96-8; Ann Intern Med 1993 Sep 1;119(5):436; discussion 436-7.
Goldstein NS, Kodali VP, Gordon SC. Histologic spectrum of cryptogenic chronic liver disease and comparison with chronic autoimmune and chronic type C hepatitis. Am J Clin Pathol 1995 Nov;104(5):567-73.
Gonzalez-Peralta RP, Fang JW, Davis GL, Gish R, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Kohara M, Mondelli MU, Lesniewski R, Phillips MI, Mizokami M, et al. Optimization for the detection of hepatitis C virus antigens in the liver. J Hepatol 1994 Jan;20(1):143-7. Published erratum appears in J Hepatol 1994 Jun;20(6):848.
Guido M, Rugge M, Thung SN, Chemello L, Leandro F, Alberti A, Cecchetto A, Pontisso P, Cavalletto L, Ninfo V. Hepatitis C virus serotypes and liver pathology. Liver 1996 Dec;16(6):353-7.
Guido M, Thung SN. The value of identifying hepatitis C virus in liver pathology specimens. Hepatology 1996 Feb;23(2):376-9.
Haber MM, West AB, Haber AD, Reuben A. Relationship of aminotransferases to liver histological status in chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 1995 Aug;90(8):1250-7.
Healey CJ, Chapman RW, Fleming KA. Liver histology in hepatitis C infection: a comparison between patients with persistently normal or abnormal transaminases. Gut 1995 Aug;37(2):274-8.
Hiramatsu N, Hayashi N, Katayama K, Mochizuki K, Kawanishi Y, Kasahara A, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Immunohistochemical detection of Fas antigen in liver tissue of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1994 Jun;19(6):1354-9.
Intraobserver and interobserver variations in liver biopsy interpretation in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The French METAVIR Cooperative Study Group. Hepatology 1994 Jul;20(1 Pt 1):15-20.
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Kaji K, Nakanuma Y, Sasaki M, Unoura M, Kobayashi K, Nonomura A, Tsuneyama K, Van de Water J, Gershwin ME. Hepatitic bile duct injuries in chronic hepatitis C: histopathologic and immunohistochemical studies. Mod Pathol 1994 Dec;7(9):937-45.
Knodell RG, Ishak KG, Black WC, Chen TS, Craig R, Kaplowitz N, Kiernan TW, Wollman J. Formulation and application of a numerical scoring system for assessing histological activity in asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis. Hepatology 1981 Sep-Oct;1(5):431-5.
Kodama T, Tamaki T, Katabami S, Katamuma A, Yamashita K, Azuma N, Kamijo K, Kinoshita H, Yachi A. Histological findings in asymptomatic hepatitis C virus carriers. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1993 Sep-Oct;8(5):403-5.
Komminoth P, Adams V, Long AA, Roth J, Saremaslani P, Flury R, Schmid M, Heitz PU. Evaluation of methods for hepatitis C virus detection in archival liver biopsies. Comparison of histology, immunohistochemistry, in-situ hybridization, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in-situ RT-PCR. Pathol Res Pract 1994 Nov;190(11):1017-25.
Kumagai N, Kuramochi S, Toda K, Iwabuchi N, Tsuchimoto K, Tsunematsu S, Saito H, Morizane T, Tsuchiya M, Ishii H. Assessment of histological features and outcome of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol 1996 Feb;31(1):69-74.
Lefkowitch JH, Schiff ER, Davis GL, Perrillo RP, Lindsay K, Bodenheimer HC Jr, Balart LA, Ortego TJ, Payne J, Dienstag JL, et al. Pathological diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C: a multicenter comparative study with chronic hepatitis B. The Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group. Gastroenterology 1993 Feb;104(2):595-603. Comment in: Gastroenterology 1993 Aug;105(2):644-5.
McCormick SE, Goodman ZD, Maydonovitch CL, Sjogren MH. Evaluation of liver histology, ALT elevation, and HCV RNA titer in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 1996 Aug;91(8):1516-22.
McGill DB, Rakela J, Zinsmeister AR, Ott BJ. A 21-year experience with major hemorrhage after percutaneous liver biopsy. Gastroenterology 1990 Nov;99(5):1396-400. Comment in: Gastroenterology 1991 Jun;100(6):1787.
McGuinness PH, Bishop GA, Painter DM, Chan R, McCaughan GW. Intrahepatic hepatitis C RNA levels do not correlate with degree of liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1996 Apr;23(4):676-87.
McMahon RF, Yates AJ, McLindon J, Babbs C, Love EM, Warnes TW. The histopathological features of asymptomatic hepatitis C virus-antibody positive blood donors. Histopathology 1994 Jun;24(6):517-24. Published erratum appears in Histopathology 1994 Nov;25(5):506.
Merican I, Sherlock S, McIntyre N, Dusheiko GM. Clinical, biochemical and histological features in 102 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Q J Med 1993 Feb;86(2):119-25.
Morales TG, Sampliner RE, Bhattacharyya A, Alter MJ. Liver histology in anti-HCV-positive persons with normal or minimally elevated aminotransferases. J Clin Gastroenterol 1995 Dec;21(4):301-5.
Mosnier JF. Current anatomico-pathological classification of hepatitis: characteristics of HCV infection. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996;11 Suppl 4:12-5.
Quinn PG, Wheeler D , Jamal MM, Sonnenberg A. What serologic tests are necessary before a liver biopsy in patients with hepatitis C (HCV)? [abstract]. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 2):270A.
Reichard O, Glaumann H, Norkrans G, Wejstal R, Fryden A, Schvarcz R, Weiland O. Histological outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis C given a 60-week interferon alfa-2b treatment course. Liver 1994 Aug;14(4):169-74.
Scheuer PJ, Ashrafzadeh P, Sherlock S, Brown D, Dusheiko GM. The pathology of hepatitis C. Hepatology 1992 Apr;15(4):567-71.
Schoeman MN, Liddle C, Bilous M, Grierson J, Craig PI, Batey RG, Farrell GC. Chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: lack of correlation between biochemical and morphological activity, and effects of immunosuppressive therapy on disease progression. Aust N Z J Med 1990 Feb;20(1):56-62.
Sherman KE, Lewey SM, Goodman ZD. Talc in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Am J Gastroenterol 1995 Dec;90(12):2164-6.
Ziol M, Van Nhieu JT, Roudot-Thoraval F, Metreau JM, Deugnier Y, Dhumeaux D, Zafrani ES. A histopathological study of the effects of 6-month versus 12-month interferon alpha-2b therapy in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1996 Dec;25(6):833-41.
Return to table of contentsE. Other Diagnostic Methods for Hepatitis C
Abe K, Kurata T, Shikata T. Non-A, non-B hepatitis: visualization of virus-like particles from chimpanzee and human sera. Arch Virol 1989;104(3-4):351-5.
Alter HJ, Shih JW. Probable visualization of the elusive hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 1993 Jun;17(6):1164-6.
Balercia G, Accordini C, Di Piramo D, Martella F, Tomezzoli A. An ultrastructural study of six cases of chronic active C hepatitis. A comparison with chronic active B hepatitis. Ultrastruct Pathol 1993 Sep-Oct;17(5):477-82.
Blight K, Lesniewski R, LaBrooy J, Trowbridge R, Gowans E. Localisation of hepatitis C virus proteins in infected liver tissue by immunofluorescence. Gastroenterol Jpn 1993 May;28 Suppl 5:55-8.
Blight K, Lesniewski RR, LaBrooy JT, Gowans EJ. Detection and distribution of hepatitis C-specific antigens in naturally infected liver. Hepatology 1994 Sep;20(3):553-7.
Chamlian A, Benkoel L, Ikoli JF, Brisse J, Jacob T. Nuclear immunostaining of hepatitis C infected hepatocytes with monoclonal antibodies to C100-3 nonstructural protein. Comparison of immunogold silver staining with other immunohistochemical methods. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 1993 May;39(3):243-51.
Faa G, Ambu R, Congiu T, Mocci C, Parodo G, Pilleri G, Farci AM, Vallebona E, Costa V, Riva A. Scanning electron microscopy of chronic hepatitis C. An OsO4 maceration study on human biopsies. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 1994 Jul;26(3):415-23.
Gastaldi M, Massacrier A, Planells R, Robaglia-Schlupp A, Portal-Bartolomei I, Bourliere M, Quilici F, Fiteni J, Mazzella E, Cau P. Detection by in situ hybridization of hepatitis C virus positive and negative RNA strands using digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes in human liver cells. J Hepatol 1995 Nov;23(5):509-18.
Gretch DR, dela Rosa C, Corey L, Carithers RL Jr. Assessment of hepatitis C viremia using molecular amplification technologies. Viral Hepat Rev 1996 Jun;2(2):85-96.
Himeno H, Enzan H, Saibara T, Onishi S, Yamamoto Y. Immunoelectron microscopic observations on Leu-7 positive cells in virus-related chronic liver diseases. Virchows Arch 1994;424(5):471-6.
Kaito M, Watanabe S, Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Yamaguchi K, Kobayashi Y, Konishi M, Yokoi M, Ishida S, Suzuki S, Kohara M. Hepatitis C virus particle detected by immunoelectron microscopic study. J Gen Virol 1994 Jul;75(Pt 7):1755-60.
Krawczynski K, Beach MJ, Bradley DW, Kuo G, di Bisceglie AM, Houghton M, Reyes GR, Kim JP, Choo QL, Alter MJ. Hepatitis C virus antigen in hepatocytes: immunomorphologic detection and identification. Gastroenterology 1992 Aug;103(2):622-9.
Li X, Jeffers LJ, Shao L, Reddy KR, de Medina M, Scheffel J, Moore B, Schiff ER. Identification of hepatitis C virus by immunoelectron microscopy. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(5):227-34.
Poniachik J, Bernstein DE, Reddy KR, Jeffers LJ, Coelho-Little ME, Civantos F, Schiff ER. The role of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of cirrhosis. Gastrointest Endosc 1996 Jun;43(6):568-71.
Sakai Y, Izumi N, Tazawa J, Uchihara M, Akiba T, Marumo F, Sato C. Characteristics of anti-HCV antibody-positive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma on chronic hemodialysis: recommendation of periodic ultrasonography for early detection. Nephron 1996;74(2):386-9.
Sansonno D, Iacobelli AR, Cornacchiulo V, Distasi M, Dammacco F. Immunohistochemical detection of hepatitis C virus-related proteins in liver tissue. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995 Nov-Dec;13 Suppl 13:S29-32.
Sansonno D, Iacobelli AR, Cornacchiulo V, Iodice G, Dammacco F. Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins by immunofluorescence and HCV RNA genomic sequences by non-isotopic in situ hybridization in bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronically HCV-infected patients. Clin Exp Immunol 1996 Mar;103(3):414-21.
Shimizu YK, Feinstone SM, Kohara M, Purcell RH, Yoshikura H. Hepatitis C virus: detection of intracellular virus particles by electron microscopy. Hepatology 1996 Feb;23(2):205-9. Comment in: Hepatology 1996 Feb;23(2):372-5.
Sudo K, Inoue H, Shimizu Y, Yamaji K, Konno K, Shigeta S, Kaneko T, Yokota T, Shimotohno K. Establishment of an in vitro assay system for screening hepatitis C virus protease inhibitors using high performance liquid chromatography. Antiviral Res 1996 Aug;32(1):9-18.
Return to table of contentsEPIDEMIOLOGY AND SPREAD OF HEPATITIS C
A. Overview of Hepatitis C Epidemiology
Abdel-Wahab MF, Zakaria S, Kamel M, Abdel-Khaliq MK, Mabrouk MA, Salama H, Esmat G, Thomas DL, Strickland GT. High seroprevalence of hepatitis C infection among risk groups in Egypt. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1994 Nov;51(5):563-7.
Abdelaal M, Rowbottom D, Zawawi T, Scott T, Gilpin C. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus: a study of male blood donors in Saudi Arabia. Transfusion 1994 Feb;34(2):135-7.
Abdool Karim SS, Tait DR. Hepatitis C virus infection in urban and rural Natal/KwaZulu. S Afr Med J 1993 Mar;83(3):191-3.
al-Faleh FZ, Ramia S, Arif M, Ayoola EA, al-Rashed RS, al-Jeffry M, Hossain A, el-Hazmi M. Profile of hepatitis C virus and the possible modes of transmission of the virus in the Gizan area of Saudi Arabia: a community-based study. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1995 Aug;89(4):431-7.
Alter MJ. The detection, transmission, and outcome of hepatitis C virus infection. Infect Agents Dis 1993 Jun;2(3):155-66.
Alter MJ. Epidemiology of hepatitis C. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996 Apr;8(4):319-23.
Alter MJ. Epidemiology of hepatitis C in the West. Semin Liver Dis 1995 Feb;15(1):5-14.
Alter MJ. Hepatitis C: a sleeping giant? Am J Med 1991 Sep 16;91(3B):112S-115S.
Alter MJ, Gerety RJ, Smallwood LA, Sampliner RE, Tabor E, Deinhardt F, Frosner G, Matanoski GM. Sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis: frequency and epidemiology in an urban U.S. population. J Infect Dis 1982 Jun;145(6):886-93.
Alter MJ, Hadler SC, Judson FN, Mares A, Alexander WJ, Hu PY, Miller JK, Moyer LA, Fields HA, Bradley DW, et al. Risk factors for acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in the United States and association with hepatitis C virus infection. JAMA 1990 Nov 7;264(17):2231-5.
Alter MJ, Mast EE. The epidemiology of viral hepatitis in the United States. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1994 Sep;23(3):437-55.
Araj GF, Kfoury-Baz EE, Barada KA, Nassif RE, Alami SY. Hepatitis C virus : prevalence in Lebanese blood donors and brief overview of the disease. J Med Liban 1995;43(1):11-6.
Arankalle VA, Chadha MS, Jha J, Amrapurkar DN, Banerjee K. Prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in western India. Indian J Med Res 1995 Mar;101:91-3.
Bar-Shany S, Green MS, Slepon R, Shinar E. Ethnic differences in the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C antibodies and hepatitis B surface antigen in Israeli blood donors by age, sex, country of birth and origin. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(3):139-44.
Bile K, Aden C, Norder H, Magnius L, Lindberg G, Nilsson L. Important role of hepatitis C virus infection as a cause of chronic liver disease in Somalia. Scand J Infect Dis 1993;25(5):559-64.
Blitz-Dorfman L, Monsalve F, Porto L, Weir J, Arteaga M, Padron G, Leon P, Echevarria JM. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in western Venezuela: lack of specific antibody in Indian communities. J Med Virol 1994 Jul;43(3):287-90.
Bortolotti F, Crivellaro C, Carretta M, Tagger A, Ribero M, Bertolini A, Barbierato E, Noventa F, Cadrobbi P. Acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in Italy: a 16-year prospective epidemiological study. The possible role of hepatitis C virus. Infection 1994 Sep-Oct;22(5):321-5.
Bortolotti F, Vajro P, Barbera C, Giacchino R, Cadrobbi P, Zancan L, Nebbia G, Crivellaro C, Bertolini A, De Moliner L. Hepatitis C in childhood: epidemiological and clinical aspects. Bone Marrow Transplant 1993;12 Suppl 1:21-3.
Botte C, Janot C. Epidemiology of HCV infection in the general population and in blood transfusion. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996;11 Suppl 4:19-21.
Crawford RJ, Gillon J, Yap PL, Brookes E, McOmish F, Simmonds P, Dow BC, Follett EA. Prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C in Scottish blood donors. Transfus Med 1994 Jun;4(2):121-4. Comment in: Transfus Med 1994 Jun;4(2):95-6.
Cribier B, Garnier C, Laustriat D, Heid E. Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection: an epidemiologic study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994 Dec;31(6):1070-2.
D'Amelio R, Stroffolini T, Matricardi PM, Nisini R, Tosti ME, Trematerra M, Villano U, Rapicetta M, Mele A. Low prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies among Italian Air Force recruits. Scand J Infect Dis 1995;27(1):12-4.
De Mercato R, Cantiello JP, Celentano U, Giani U, Romano A, Guarnaccia D, D'Antonio A. Hepatitis C virus in prisoners. Minerva Med 1995 Mar;86(3):89-91.
Degos F. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Europe. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1994 Jul;14(3):267-71.
Dussol B, Berthezene P, Brunet P, Roubicek C, Berland Y. Hepatitis C virus infection among chronic dialysis patients in the south of France: a collaborative study. Am J Kidney Dis 1995 Mar;25(3):399-404.
Ebeling F. Importance of hepatitis C virus infection in Europe and North America. Curr Stud Hematol Blood Transfus 1994;(61):164-81.
el Gohary A, Hassan A, Nooman Z, Lavanchy D, Mayerat C, el Ayat A, Fawaz N, Gobran F, Ahmed M, Kawano F, et al. High prevalence of hepatitis C virus among urban and rural population groups in Egypt. Acta Trop 1995 May;59(2):155-61.
el-Nanawy AA, el Azzouni OF, Soliman AT, Amer AE, Demian RS, el-Sayed HM. Prevalence of hepatitis-C antibody seropositivity in healthy Egyptian children and four high risk groups. J Trop Pediatr 1995 Dec;41(6):341-3.
Ellis LA, Brown D, Conradie JD, Paterson A, Sher R, Millo J, Theodossiadou E, Dusheiko GM. Prevalence of hepatitis C in South Africa: detection of anti-HCV in recent and stored serum. J Med Virol 1990 Dec;32(4):249-51.
Esfahani RF, Saunders N, Ward KN, Hodgson HJ. The spectrum of hepatitis C antibody positive disease in a teaching hospital. J Infect 1995 Mar;30(2):115-9.
Esteban JI, Esteban R, Viladomiu L, Lopez-Talavera JC, Gonzalez A, Hernandez JM, Roget M, Vargas V, Genesca J, Buti M, et al. Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain. Lancet 1989 Aug 5;2(8658):294-7.
Esteban R. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol 1993;17 Suppl 3:S67-71.
Farghaly AG, Barakat RM. Prevalence, impact and risk factors of hepatitis C infection. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 1993;68(1-2):63-79.
Farrell GC, Weltman M, Dingley J, Lin R. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in Australia. Gastroenterol Jpn 1993 May;28 Suppl 5:32-6.
Fingerhood MI, Jasinski DR, Sullivan JT. Prevalence of hepatitis C in a chemically dependent population. Arch Intern Med 1993 Sep 13;153(17):2025-30. Comment in: Arch Intern Med 1994 May 23;154(10):1163-4.
Francois M, Dubois F, Brand D, Bacq Y, Guerois C, Mouchet C, Tichet J, Goudeau A, Barin F. Prevalence and significance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia in HCV antibody-positive subjects from various populations. J Clin Microbiol 1993 May;31(5):1189-93.
Garcia-Bengoechea M, Emparanza JI, Sarriugarte A, Cortes A, Vega JL, Gonzalez F, Arenas JI. Antibodies to hepatitis C virus: a cross-sectional study in patients attending a trauma unit or admitted to hospital for elective surgery. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995 Mar;7(3):237-41.
Golan E, Korzets Z, Cristal-Lilov A, Ben-Tovim T, Bernheim J. Increased prevalence of HCV antibodies in dialyzed Ashkenazi Jews--a possible ethnic predisposition. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996 Apr;11(4):684-6.
Gray H, Wreghitt T, Stratton IM, Alexander GJ, Turner RC, O'Rahilly S. High prevalence of hepatitis C infection in Afro-Caribbean patients with type 2 diabetes and abnormal liver function tests. Diabet Med 1995 Mar;12(3):244-9.
Hammel P, Marcellin P, Martinot-Peignoux M, Pham BN, Degott C, Level R, Lefort V, Benhallem A, Erlinger S, Benhamou JP. Etiology of chronic hepatitis in France: predominant role of hepatitis C virus. J Hepatol 1994 Oct;21(4):618-23.
Hepatitis C. Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a population sample. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1996 Nov 15;71(46):346-9.
Ishibashi M, Shinzawa H, Kuboki M, Tsuchida H, Takahashi T. Prevalence of inhabitants with anti-hepatitis C virus antibody in an area following an acute hepatitis C epidemic: age-and area-related features. J Epidemiol 1996 Mar;6(1):1-7.
Katkov WN, Dienstag JL, Cody H, Evans AA, Choo QL, Houghton M, Kuo G. Role of hepatitis C virus in non-B chronic liver disease. Arch Intern Med 1991 Aug;151(8):1548-52.
Kelen GD, Green GB, Purcell RH, Chan DW, Qaqish BF, Sivertson KT, Quinn TC. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C in emergency department patients. N Engl J Med 1992 May 21;326(21):1399-404. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1992 Oct 1;327(14):1032.
Khan M, Husain M, Yano M, Hashizume K, Yousuf M, Tanaka E, Matsumoto A, Furuta S, Kiyosawa K. Comparison of seroepidemiology of hepatitis C in blood donors between Bangladesh and Japan. Gastroenterol Jpn 1993 May;28 Suppl 5:28-31.
Kowo MP, Goubau P, Ndam EC, Njoya O, Sasaki S, Seghers V, Kesteloot H. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus and other blood-borne viruses in Pygmies and neighbouring Bantus in southern Cameroon. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1995 Sep-Oct;89(5):484-6.
Lee WM. The silent epidemic of hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 1993 Feb;104(2):661-2.
Leikin EL, Reinus JF, Schmell E, Tejani N. Epidemiologic predictors of hepatitis C virus infection in pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol 1994 Oct;84(4):529-34.
Mansell CJ, Locarnini SA. Epidemiology of hepatitis C in the East. Semin Liver Dis 1995 Feb;15(1):15-32.
Marranconi F, Fabris P, Stecca C, Zampieri L, Bettini MC, Di Fabrizio N, de Lalla F. Prevalence of anti-HCV and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in healthy pregnant women. Infection 1994 Sep-Oct;22(5):333-7.
Mast EE, Alter MJ. Hepatitis C. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 1997 Jan;8(1):17-22.
Mele A, Sagliocca L, Manzillo G, Converti F, Amoroso P, Stazi MA, Ferrigno L, Rapicetta M, Franco E, Adamo B, et al. Risk factors for acute non-A, non-B hepatitis and their relationship to antibodies for hepatitis C virus: a case-control study. Am J Public Health 1994 Oct;84(10):1640-3.
Murphy EL, Bryzman S, Williams AE, Co-Chien H, Schreiber GB, Ownby HE, Gilcher RO, Kleinman SH, Matijas L, Thomson RA, Nemo GJ. Demographic determinants of hepatitis C virus seroprevalence among blood donors. JAMA 1996 Apr 3;275(13):995-1000.
Newman PE. Sporadic transmission of hepatitis C. Med Hypotheses 1996 Apr;46(4):351-3.
Nishioka K. Epidemiological studies on hepatitis C virus infection: detection, prevalence, exposure and prevention. Intervirology 1994;37(2):58-67.
Nishioka K, Mishiro S, Yoshizawa H. Hepatitis C virus infection in the general population of Japan: past and future. Viral Hepat Rev 1996 Sep;2(3):199-203.
Ohkoshi S, Tawaraya H, Kuwana K, Harada T, Watanabe M, Higuchi S, Kojima H, Kamimura T, Asakura H. A retrospective study of hepatitis C virus carriers in a local endemic town in Japan. A possible presence of asymptomatic carrier. Dig Dis Sci 1995 Feb;40(2):465-71.
Purcell RH. Hepatitis viruses: changing patterns of human disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994 Mar 29;91(7):2401-6. Published erratum appears in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994 Sep 13;91(19):9195
Rall CJ, Dienstag JL. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection. Semin Gastrointest Dis 1995 Jan;6(1):3-12.
Robinson JW, Rosas M, Guzman F, Patarroyo ME, Moreno A. Comparison of prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies in differing South American populations. J Med Virol 1996 Oct;50(2):188-92.
Sasaki F, Tanaka J, Moriya T, Katayama K, Hiraoka M, Ohishi K, Nagakami H, Mishiro S, Yoshizawa H. Very low incidence rates of community-acquired hepatitis C virus infection in company employees, long-term inpatients, and blood donors in Japan. J Epidemiol 1996 Dec;6(4):198-203.
Selvey LA, Lush D, Mistry SA, Sheridan JW, Krause V, Passaris I, Plant AJ. Investigation of notifications of hepatitis C in 1994: the experience of three health departments. Aust N Z J Public Health 1996 Oct;20(5):525-9.
Shimoyama R, Sekiguchi S, Suga M, Sakamoto S, Yachi A. The epidemiology and infection route of asymptomatic HCV carriers detected through blood donations. Gastroenterol Jpn 1993 May;28 Suppl 5:1-5.
Silverman NS, Jenkin BK, Wu C, McGillen P, Knee G. Hepatitis C virus in pregnancy: seroprevalence and risk factors for infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993 Sep;169(3):583-7.
Simmonds P, Mellor J, Craxi A, Sanchez-Tapias JM, Alberti A, Prieto J, Colombo M, Rumi MG, Lo Iacano O, Ampurdances-Mingall S, Forns-Bernhardt X, Chemello L, Civeira MP, Frost C, Dusheiko G. Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic associations of hepatitis C types in western European patients. J Hepatol 1996 May;24(5):517-24.
Strasser SI, Watson KJ, Lee CS, Coghlan PJ, Desmond PV. Risk factors and predictors of outcome in an Australian cohort with hepatitis C virus infection. Med J Aust 1995 Apr 3;162(7):355-8. Comment in: Med J Aust 1995 Jul 17;163(2):107, 110.
Tanzi E, Romano L, Zanetti AR. Hepatitis type C: modes of transmission and preventive measures. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995 Nov-Dec;13 Suppl 13:S13-6.
Tibbs CJ. Methods of transmission of hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(3):113-9.
Troisi CL, Hollinger FB, Hoots WK, Contant C, Gill J, Ragni M, Parmley R, Sexauer C, Gomperts E, Buchanan G, et al. A multicenter study of viral hepatitis in a United States hemophilic population. Blood 1993 Jan 15;81(2):412-8.
van der Poel CL. Hepatitis C virus. Epidemiology, transmission and prevention. Curr Stud Hematol Blood Transfus 1994;(61):137-63.
van der Poel CL. Hepatitis C virus: into the fourth generation. Vox Sang 1994;67 Suppl 3:95-8.
Vlahov D, Nelson KE, Quinn TC, Kendig N. Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among male prison inmates in Maryland. Eur J Epidemiol 1993 Sep;9(5):566-9.
Wang Y, Okamoto H, Tsuda F, Nagayama R, Tao QM, Mishiro S. Prevalence, genotypes, and an isolate (HC-C2) of hepatitis C virus in Chinese patients with liver disease. J Med Virol 1993 Jul;40(3):254-60.
Watson JP, Brind AM, Chapman CE, Bates CL, Gould FK, Johnson SJ, Burt AD, Ferguson J, Simmonds P, Bassendine MF. Hepatitis C virus: epidemiology and genotypes in the north east of England. Gut 1996 Feb;38(2):269-76.
Yamada G, Tanaka E, Miura T, Kiyosawa K, Yano M, Matsushima T, Tsubouchi H, Ishikawa K, Kohara M, Hino K, et al. Epidemiology of genotypes of hepatitis C virus in Japanese patients with type C chronic liver diseases: a multi-institution analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995 Sep-Oct;10(5):538-45.
Yamaguchi K, Kiyokawa H, Machida J, Obayashi A, Nojiri N, Ueda S, Takatsuki K. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection in Japan and HCV infection in haemodialysis patients. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1994 Jul;14(3):253-8.
Yamakawa Y, Sata M, Suzuki H, Noguchi S, Tanikawa K. Higher elimination rate of hepatitis C virus among women. J Viral Hepat 1996 Nov;3(6):317-21.
Yano M, Yatsuhashi H, Inoue O, Inokuchi K, Koga M. Epidemiology and long term prognosis of hepatitis C virus infection in Japan. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S13-6.
Zanetti AR, Tanzi E, Romano L, Mele A. Epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis type C in Italy. Res Virol 1995 Jul-Aug;146(4):253-9.
Zeuzem S, Teuber G, Lee JH, Ruster B, Roth WK. Risk factors for the transmission of hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1996;24(2 Suppl):3-10.
Return to table of contentsB. Transmission Modes of Hepatitis C
1. Sexual and Household Contact Transmission of Hepatitis C
Abdel-Wahab MF, Zakaria S, Kamel M, Abdel-Khaliq MK, Mabrouk MA, Salama H, Esmat G, Thomas DL, Strickland GT. High seroprevalence of hepatitis C infection among risk groups in Egypt. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1994 Nov;51(5):563-7.
Abdelaal M, Rowbottom D, Zawawi T, Scott T, Gilpin C. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus: a study of male blood donors in Saudi Arabia. Transfusion 1994 Feb;34(2):135-7.
Abdool Karim SS, Tait DR. Hepatitis C virus infection in urban and rural Natal/KwaZulu. S Afr Med J 1993 Mar;83(3):191-3.
Akahane Y, Kojima M, Sugai Y, Sakamoto M, Miyazaki Y, Tanaka T, Tsuda F, Mishiro S, Okamoto H, Miyakawa Y, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in spouses of patients with type C chronic liver disease. Ann Intern Med 1994 May 1;120(9):748-52. Comment in: Ann Intern Med 1994 May 1;120(9):807-9; Ann Intern Med 1994 Jan 15;122(2):154-5.
al-Faleh FZ, Ramia S, Arif M, Ayoola EA, al-Rashed RS, al-Jeffry M, Hossain A, el-Hazmi M. Profile of hepatitis C virus and the possible modes of transmission of the virus in the Gizan area of Saudi Arabia: a community-based study. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1995 Aug;89(4):431-7.
Alter MJ. The detection, transmission, and outcome of hepatitis C virus infection. Infect Agents Dis 1993 Jun;2(3):155-66.
Alter MJ. Epidemiology of hepatitis C. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996 Apr;8(4):319-23.
Alter MJ. Epidemiology of hepatitis C in the West. Semin Liver Dis 1995 Feb;15(1):5-14.
Alter MJ. Hepatitis C: a sleeping giant? Am J Med 1991 Sep 16;91(3B):112S-115S.
Alter MJ, Coleman PJ, Alexander WJ, Kramer E, Miller JK, Mandel E, Hadler SC, Margolis HS. Importance of heterosexual activity in the transmission of hepatitis B and non-A, non-B hepatitis. JAMA 1989 Sep 1;262(9):1201-5. Comment in: JAMA 1990 Jan 26;263(4):518.
Alter MJ, Gerety RJ, Smallwood LA, Sampliner RE, Tabor E, Deinhardt F, Frosner G, Matanoski GM. Sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis: frequency and epidemiology in an urban U.S. population. J Infect Dis 1982 Jun;145(6):886-93.
Alter MJ, Hadler SC, Judson FN, Mares A, Alexander WJ, Hu PY, Miller JK, Moyer LA, Fields HA, Bradley DW, et al. Risk factors for acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in the United States and association with hepatitis C virus infection. JAMA 1990 Nov 7;264(17):2231-5.
Alter MJ, Mast EE. The epidemiology of viral hepatitis in the United States. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1994 Sep;23(3):437-55.
Araj GF, Kfoury-Baz EE, Barada KA, Nassif RE, Alami SY. Hepatitis C virus : prevalence in Lebanese blood donors and brief overview of the disease. J Med Liban 1995;43(1):11-6.
Arankalle VA, Chadha MS, Jha J, Amrapurkar DN, Banerjee K. Prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in western India. Indian J Med Res 1995 Mar;101:91-3.
Arif M, al-Swayeh M, al-Faleh FZ, Ramia S. Risk of hepatitis C virus infection among household contacts of Saudi patients with chronic liver disease. J Viral Hepat 1996 Mar;3(2):97-101.
Bach N, Bodenheimer HC Jr. Transmission of hepatitis C: sexual, vertical or exclusively blood-borne? Hepatology 1992 Dec;16(6):1497-9.
Bar-Shany S, Green MS, Slepon R, Shinar E. Ethnic differences in the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C antibodies and hepatitis B surface antigen in Israeli blood donors by age, sex, country of birth and origin. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(3):139-44.
Bile K, Aden C, Norder H, Magnius L, Lindberg G, Nilsson L. Important role of hepatitis C virus infection as a cause of chronic liver disease in Somalia. Scand J Infect Dis 1993;25(5):559-64.
Blitz-Dorfman L, Monsalve F, Porto L, Weir J, Arteaga M, Padron G, Leon P, Echevarria JM. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in western Venezuela: lack of specific antibody in Indian communities. J Med Virol 1994 Jul;43(3):287-90.
Bortolotti F, Crivellaro C, Carretta M, Tagger A, Ribero M, Bertolini A, Barbierato E, Noventa F, Cadrobbi P. Acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in Italy: a 16-year prospective epidemiological study. The possible role of hepatitis C virus. Infection 1994 Sep-Oct;22(5):321-5.
Bortolotti F, Vajro P, Barbera C, Giacchino R, Cadrobbi P, Zancan L, Nebbia G, Crivellaro C, Bertolini A, De Moliner L. Hepatitis C in childhood: epidemiological and clinical aspects. Bone Marrow Transplant 1993;12 Suppl 1:21-3.
Botte C, Janot C. Epidemiology of HCV infection in the general population and in blood transfusion. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996;11 Suppl 4:19-21.
Brackmann SA, Gerritzen A, Oldenburg J, Brackmann HH, Schneweis KE. Search for intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus in hemophilia patients. Blood 1993 Feb 15;81(4):1077-82.
Brechignac S, Lazizi M, Goujard C, Boue F, Dormont J, Delfraissy JF. Heterosexual transmission of hepatitis C virus in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus infected patients [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21;7(2):318 (abstract no. W.C.3090).
Buchbinder SP, Katz MH, Hessol NA, Liu J, O'Malley PM, Alter MJ. Hepatitis C virus infection in sexually active homosexual men. J Infect 1994 Nov;29(3):263-9.
Buscarini E, Tanzi E, Zanetti AR, Savi E, Sbolli G, Civardi G, Di Stasi M, Fornari F, Buscarini L. High prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus among family members of patients with anti-HCV-positive chronic liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1993 Apr;28(4):343-6.
Camarero C, Martos I, Delgado R, Suarez L, Escobar H, Mateos M. Horizontal transmission of hepatitis C virus in households of infected children. J Pediatr 1993 Jul;123(1):98-9.
Caporaso N, Ascione A, D'Antonio M, Di Costanzo GG, Galeota Lanza A, Tremolada F, Diodati G, Rumi MG, Parravicini ML, Pastore G, et al. Prevalence of anti-HCV among spouses and offspring of anti-HCV positive subjects: an Italian multicentre study. Ital J Gastroenterol 1995 Jan-Feb;27(1):5-7. Comment in: Ital J Gastroenterol 1995 Jul-Aug;27(6):340-1.
Chang TT, Liou TC, Young KC, Lin XZ, Lin CY, Shin JS, Wu HL. Intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus: the important role of inapparent transmission. J Med Virol 1994 Jan;42(1):91-6.
Chayama K, Kobayashi M, Tsubota A, Koida I, Arase Y, Saitoh S, Ikeda K, Kumada H. Molecular analysis of intraspousal transmission of hepatitis C virus. J Hepatol 1995 Apr;22(4):431-9.
Chen M, Yun ZB, Sallberg M, Schvarcz R, Bergquist I, Berglund HB, Sonnerborg A. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in the cell fraction of saliva before and after oral surgery. J Med Virol 1995 Feb;45(2):223-6.
Collier AC, Gretch D, Boutin P, Corey L. Increased prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in homosexual men with HIV-1 [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):348 (abstract no. PO-B08-1278).
Coltorti M, Caporaso N, Morisco F, Suozzo R, Romano M, D'Antonio M. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in the household contacts of patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease. Infection 1994 May-Jun;22(3):183-6.
Crawford RJ, Gillon J, Yap PL, Brookes E, McOmish F, Simmonds P, Dow BC, Follett EA. Prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C in Scottish blood donors. Transfus Med 1994 Jun;4(2):121-4. Comment in: Transfus Med 1994 Jun;4(2):95-6.
Cribier B, Garnier C, Laustriat D, Heid E. Lichen planus and hepatitis C virus infection: an epidemiologic study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994 Dec;31(6):1070-2.
D'Amelio R, Stroffolini T, Matricardi PM, Nisini R, Tosti ME, Trematerra M, Villano U, Rapicetta M, Mele A. Low prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies among Italian Air Force recruits. Scand J Infect Dis 1995;27(1):12-4.
Daikos GL, Lai S, Fischl MA. Hepatitis C virus infection in a sexually active inner city population. The potential for heterosexual transmission. Infection 1994 Mar-Apr;22(2):72-6.
De Mercato R, Cantiello JP, Celentano U, Giani U, Romano A, Guarnaccia D, D'Antonio A. Hepatitis C virus in prisoners. Minerva Med 1995 Mar;86(3):89-91.
De Mercato R, Cantiello JP, Celentano U, Guarnaccia D, Ciannella G. Hepatitis C virus infection in family members of chronic carriers. Minerva Med 1996 Jul-Aug;87(7-8):335-7.
Degos F. Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Europe. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1994 Jul;14(3):267-71.
Demelia L, Vallebona E, Poma R, Sanna G, Masia G, Coppola RC. HCV transmission in family members of subjects with HCV related chronic liver disease. Eur J Epidemiol 1996 Feb;12(1):45-50.
Diago M, Zapater R, Tuset C, Carbonell P, Gonzalez C, Cors R, Casas E. Intrafamily transmission of hepatitis C virus: sexual and non-sexual contacts. J Hepatol 1996 Aug;25(2):125-8.
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Return to table of contents2. Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis C
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Zanetti AR, Tanzi E, Paccagnini S, Principi N, Pizzocolo G, Caccamo ML, D'Amico E, Cambie G, Vecchi L. Mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus. Lombardy Study Group on Vertical HCV Transmission. Lancet 1995 Feb 4;345(8945):289-91. Comment in: Lancet 1995 Apr 29;345(8957):1122; Lancet 1995 Apr 29;345(8957):1122-3.
Zuccotti GV, Ribero ML, Giovannini M, Fasola M, Riva E, Portera G, Biasucci G, Decarlis S, Profeta ML, Tagger A. Effect of hepatitis C genotype on mother-to-infant transmission of virus. J Pediatr 1995 Aug;127(2):278-80.
Return to table of contents3. IV Drug Use Transmission of Hepatitis C
Bell J, Batey RG, Farrell GC, Crewe EB, Cunningham AL, Byth K. Hepatitis C virus in intravenous drug users. Med J Aust 1990 Sep 3;153(5):274-6. Comment in: Med J Aust 1990 Sep 3;153(5):247-9; Med J Aust 1994 Aug 15;161(4):286; discussion 287.
Bodsworth NJ, Cunningham P, Kaldor J, Donovan B. Hepatitis C virus infection in a large cohort of homosexually active men: independent associations with HIV-1 infection and injecting drug use but not sexual behaviour. Genitourin Med 1996 Apr;72(2):118-22.
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Carruthers S, Loxley W. Hepatitis C and young drug users: are they about to join the epidemic? Aust J Public Health 1995 Aug;19(4):421-4.
Chetwynd J, Brunton C, Blank M, Plumridge E, Baldwin D. Hepatitis C seroprevalence amongst injecting drug users attending a methadone programme. N Z Med J 1995 Sep 8;108(1007):364-6.
Crofts N, Hopper JL, Bowden DS, Breschkin AM, Milner R, Locarnini SA. Hepatitis C virus infection among a cohort of Victorian injecting drug users. Med J Aust 1993 Aug 16;159(4):237-41. Comment in: Med J Aust 1993 Nov 1;159(9):635-6; Med J Aust 1994 Aug 15;161(4):286; discussion 287.
Crofts N, Mijch A, Kelsall J, Kerger M, Meade J, Hernberger F, Breschkin A, Locarnini SA. Declining incidence of hepatitis C infection in a cohort of injecting drug users in Victoria, 1990-1995. Annu Conf Australas Soc HIV Med 1995 Nov 16-19;7:44 (abstract no. 28).
Gabrielli C, Corradini R, Zannini A, Gafa S. Spread of hepatitis C virus among sexual partners of HCV positive intravenous drug users. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(2):689 (abstract no. PO-C11-2834).
Galeazzi B, Tufano A, Barbierato E, Bortolotti F. Hepatitis C virus infection in Italian intravenous drug users: epidemiological and clinical aspects. Liver 1995 Aug;15(4):209-12.
Garfein RS, Vlahov D, Galai N, Doherty MC, Nelson KE. Viral infections in short-term injection drug users: the prevalence of the hepatitis C, hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency, and human T-lymphotropic viruses. Am J Public Health 1996 May;86(5):655-61.
Hagan H, Jarlais DC, Friedman SR, Purchase D, Alter MJ. Reduced risk of hepatitis B and hepatitis C among injection drug users in the Tacoma syringe exchange program. Am J Public Health 1995 Nov;85(11):1531-7. Comment in: Am J Public Health 1995 Nov;85(11):1490-1.
Holsen DS, Harthug S, Myrmel H. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus and association with intravenous drug abuse and tattooing in a national prison in Norway. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1993 Sep;12(9):673-6.
Papatheodoridis GV, Delladetsima J, Verghisi-Nikolakaki S, Malliori M, Krystallis A, Hatzakis A, Tassopoulos NC. Clinicopathological assessment of hepatitis C virus infection in parenteral drug abusers. Am J Gastroenterol 1995 Oct;90(10):1843-6.
Perini GP, Gomma M, Serpelloni G, Mirandola M, Morgante S, Accordini A. Relationship between HIV infection and hepatitis virus prevalence in 6300 subjects with parenteral (GR1) and sexual (GR2) risk. Int Conf AIDS 1992 Jul 19-24;8(3):177 (abstract no. PuC 8144).
Rezza G, Sagliocca L, Zaccarelli M, Nespoli M, Siconolfi M, Baldassarre C. Incidence rate and risk factors for HCV seroconversion among injecting drug users in an area with low HIV seroprevalence. Scand J Infect Dis 1996;28(1):27-9.
Selvey LA, Wignall J, Buzolic A, Sullivan P. Reported prevalence of hepatitis C among clients of needle exchanges in southeast Queensland. Aust N Z J Public Health 1996 Feb;20(1):61-4.
Sherman KE, Lewey SM, Goodman ZD. Talc in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Am J Gastroenterol 1995 Dec;90(12):2164-6.
Thomas DL, Vlahov D, Solomon L, Cohn S, Taylor E, Garfein R, Nelson KE. Correlates of hepatitis C virus infections among injection drug users. Medicine (Baltimore) 1995 Jul;74(4):212-20.
van Beek I, Dwyer R, Kaldor JM. Hepatitis C prevalence, incidence and risk factors among injecting drug users in Sydney. Annu Conf Australas Soc HIV Med 1994 Nov 3-6;6:110 (unnumbered abstract).
Verbaan H, Andersson K, Eriksson S. Intravenous drug abuse--the major route of hepatitis C virus transmission among alcohol-dependent individuals? Scand J Gastroenterol 1993 Aug;28(8):714-8.
Wodak A, Crofts N. Once more unto the breach: controlling hepatitis C in injecting drug users. Addiction 1996 Feb;91(2):181-4.
Return to table of contents4. Blood Transfusion Transmission of Hepatitis C
Aach RD, Stevens CE, Hollinger FB, Mosley JW, Peterson DA, Taylor PE, Johnson RG, Barbosa LH, Nemo GJ. Hepatitis C virus infection in post-transfusion hepatitis. An analysis with first- and second-generation assays. N Engl J Med 1991 Nov 7;325(19):1325-9.
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Alter HJ. Transfusion transmitted hepatitis C and non-A, non-B, non-C. Vox Sang 1994;67 Suppl 3:19-24.
Alter HJ, Purcell RH, Shih JW, Melpolder JC, Houghton M, Choo QL, Kuo G. Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed transfusion recipients with acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1989 Nov 30;321(22):1494-500.
Aoki SK, Kuramoto IK, Anderson S, Schoening V, Rodriguez R, Fernando L, Sazama K, Holland PV. Evidence that use of a second-generation hepatitis C antibody assay prevents additional cases of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis. J Viral Hepat 1994;1(1):73-7.
Arico M, Maggiore G, Silini E, Bono F, Vigano C, Cerino A, Mondelli MU. Hepatitis C virus infection in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 1994 Nov 1;84(9):2919-22.
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Bach N, Bodenheimer HC Jr. Transmission of hepatitis C: sexual, vertical or exclusively blood-borne? Hepatology 1992 Dec;16(6):1497-9.
Barbara JA, Contreras M. Post-transfusion NANBH in the light of a test for anti-HCV. Blood Rev 1991 Dec;5(4):234-9.
Barcena R, Gonzalez A, Martin-de-Argila C, Ulibarrena C, Graus J, Grande LA. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus after blood transfusion in heart surgery. Postgrad Med J 1994 Aug;70(826):572-5.
Blanchette V, Walker I, Gill P, Adams M, Roberts R, Inwood M. Hepatitis C infection in patients with hemophilia: results of a national survey. Canadian Hemophilia Clinic Directors Group. Transfus Med Rev 1994 Jul;8(3):210-7.
Blanchette VS, Vorstman E, Shore A, Wang E, Petric M, Jett BW, Alter HJ. Hepatitis C infection in children with hemophilia A and B. Blood 1991 Jul 15;78(2):285-9.
Bortolotti F, Jara P, Diaz C, Vajro P, Hierro L, Giacchino R, de la Vega A, Crivellaro C, Camarena C, Barbera C, et al. Posttransfusion and community-acquired hepatitis C in childhood. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1994 Apr;18(3):279-83.
Brettler DB, Alter HJ, Dienstag JL, Forsberg AD, Levine PH. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody in a cohort of hemophilia patients. Blood 1990 Jul 1;76(1):254-6. Comment in: Blood 1991 Mar 15;77(6):1399-400.
Cardoso MS, Koerner K, Epple S, Dengler T, Kerowgan M, Kubanek B. HCV transmission through blood transfusion: are HCV-RNA titer in donor serum and genotype major determinants of infection outcome? Beitr Infusionsther Transfusionsmed 1996;33:225-30.
Chambers LA, Popovsky MA. Decrease in reported posttransfusion hepatitis. Contributions of donor screening for alanine aminotransferase and antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen and changes in the general population. Arch Intern Med 1991 Dec;151(12):2445-8.
Chung HT, Lee JS, Lok AS. Prevention of posttransfusion hepatitis B and C by screening for antibody to hepatitis C virus and antibody to HBcAg. Hepatology 1993 Nov;18(5):1045-9.
Di Bisceglie AM, Goodman ZD, Ishak KG, Hoofnagle JH, Melpolder JJ, Alter HJ. Long-term clinical and histopathological follow-up of chronic posttransfusion hepatitis. Hepatology 1991 Dec;14(6):969-74.
Ebeling F, Leikola J. Post-transfusion hepatitis. Ann Med 1991 Oct;23(4):361-6.
Ellett H, Shiffman ML. Natural history of post-transfusion hepatitis: the wolf in sheep's clothing. Am J Gastroenterol 1993 Nov;88(11):1970-2.
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Foberg U, Ekermo B, Widell A, Mathiesen U, Fryden A. Hepatitis C virus transmission, 1988-1991, via blood components from donors subsequently found to be anti-HCV-positive. Scand J Infect Dis 1996;28(1):21-6.
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Hopf U, Moller B, Kuther D, Stemerowicz R, Lobeck H, Ludtke-Handjery A, Walter E, Blum HE, Roggendorf M, Deinhardt F. Long-term follow-up of posttransfusion and sporadic chronic hepatitis non-A, non-B and frequency of circulating antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV). J Hepatol 1990 Jan;10(1):69-76.
Infectious disease testing for blood transfusions. NIH Consensus Development Panel on Infectious Disease Testing for Blood Transfusions. JAMA 1995 Nov 1;274(17):1374-9.
Inui A, Fujisawa T, Miyagawa Y, Sekine I, Hanada R, Yamamoto K, Shiihara H, Inui M. Histologic activity of the liver in children with transfusion-associated chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1994 Nov;21(5):748-53.
Ismay SL, Thomas S, Fellows A, Keller A, Kenrick KG, Archer GT, Wylie BR, Cossart YE. Post-transfusion hepatitis revisited. Med J Aust 1995 Jul 17;163(2):74-7. Comment in: Med J Aust 1995 Jul 17;163(2):63-4.
Kelly DA. Hepatitis C infection after blood product transfusion. Arch Dis Child 1996 Nov;75(5):363-5.
Knudsen F, Wantzin P, Rasmussen K, Ladefoged SD, Lokkegaard N, Rasmussen LS, Lassen A, Krogsgaard K. Hepatitis C in dialysis patients: relationship to blood transfusions, dialysis and liver disease. Kidney Int 1993 Jun;43(6):1353-6.
Koretz RL, Abbey H, Coleman E, Gitnick G. Non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis. Looking back in the second decade. Ann Intern Med 1993 Jul 15;119(2):110-5. Comment in: Ann Intern Med 1994 Jan 15;120(2):171-2.
Koretz RL, Brezina M, Polito AJ, Quan S, Wilber J, Dinello R, Gitnick G. Non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis: comparing C and non-C hepatitis. Hepatology 1993 Mar;17(3):361-5.
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Makris M, Garson JA, Ring CJ, Tuke PW, Tedder RS, Preston FE. Hepatitis C viral RNA in clotting factor concentrates and the development of hepatitis in recipients. Blood 1993 Apr 1;81(7):1898-902.
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Return to table of contents5. Nosocomial or Community Acquired Transmission of Hepatitis C
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Caramelo C, Ortiz A, Aguilera B, Porres JC, Navas S, Marriott E, Alberola ML, Alamo C, Galera A, Garron MP, et al. Liver disease patterns in hemodialysis patients with antibodies to hepatitis C virus. Am J Kidney Dis 1993 Dec;22(6):822-8.
Cassidy MJ, Jankelson D, Becker M, Dunne T, Walzl G, Moosa MR. The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus at two haemodialysis units in South Africa. S Afr Med J 1995 Oct;85(10):996-8.
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Knoblanche GK. Policy following reporting of hepatitis C nosocomial infection. Anaesth Intensive Care 1996 Apr;24(2):169-72.
Knudsen F, Wantzin P, Rasmussen K, Ladefoged SD, Lokkegaard N, Rasmussen LS, Lassen A, Krogsgaard K. Hepatitis C in dialysis patients: relationship to blood transfusions, dialysis and liver disease. Kidney Int 1993 Jun;43(6):1353-6.
Kolho E, Oksanen K, Honkanen E, Naukkarinen R, Krusius T. Hepatitis C antibodies in dialysis patients and patients with leukaemia. J Med Virol 1993 Aug;40(4):318-21.
Kuhns M, de Medina M, McNamara A, Jeffers LJ, Reddy KR, Silva M, Ortiz-Interian C, Jimenez M, Schiff ER, Perez G. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 1994 Jan;4(7):1491-7.
Kumar H, Naqvi SA, Ahmed A, Hamid S. Hepatitis-C virus antibodies (anti HCV) in haemodialyzed vs non-dialyzed patients. JPMA J Pak Med Assoc 1994 Feb;44(2):28-30. Comment in: JPMA J Pak Med Assoc 1994 Feb;44(2):27-8.
Lin DY, Lin HH, Huang CC, Liaw YF. High incidence of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialysis patients in Taiwan. Am J Kidney Dis 1993 Mar;21(3):288-91.
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Ruffatti A, Bortolotti F, Bianco A, Pizzulli N, Cavalletto D, Alberti A, Romagnoli GF. Hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialyzed patients detected by first and second generation assays. Nephron 1992;61(3):344-5.
Sampietro M, Badalamenti S, Graziani G. Nosocomial hepatitis C in dialysis units [editorial]. Nephron 1996;74(2):251-60.
Sasaki F, Tanaka J, Moriya T, Katayama K, Hiraoka M, Ohishi K, Nagakami H, Mishiro S, Yoshizawa H. Very low incidence rates of community-acquired hepatitis C virus infection in company employees, long-term inpatients, and blood donors in Japan. J Epidemiol 1996 Dec;6(4):198-203.
Simon N, Courouce AM, Lemarrec N, Trepo C, Ducamp S. A twelve year natural history of hepatitis C virus infection in hemodialyzed patients. Kidney Int 1994 Aug;46(2):504-11.
Stafford MK, Kitchen VS, Smith JR. Reducing the risk of blood borne infection in surgical practice. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1995 Jun;102(6):439-41.
Stuyver L, Claeys H, Wyseur A, Van Arnhem W, De Beenhouwer H, Uytendaele S, Beckers J, Matthijs D, Leroux-Roels G, Maertens G, De Paepe M. Hepatitis C virus in a hemodialysis unit: molecular evidence for nosocomial transmission. Kidney Int 1996 Mar;49(3):889-95.
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Return to table of contents6. Occupational Exposure to Hepatitis C
Alter MJ. Occupational exposure to hepatitis C virus: a dilemma [editorial]. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1994 Dec;15(12):742-4. Comment on: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1994 Dec;15(12):745-50.
Arai Y, Noda K, Enomoto N, Arai K, Yamada Y, Suzuki K, Yoshihara H. A prospective study of hepatitis C virus infection after needlestick accidents. Liver 1996 Oct;16(5):331-4.
CDC will recommend HCV follow-up for health care workers. Hosp Infect Control 1996 May;23(5):57-60.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Risk of acquiring hepatitis C for health care workers and recommendations for prophylaxis and follow-up after occupational exposure. Hepat Surveill 1995;56:3-6.
Cooksley WG, Butterworth LA. Hepatitis C virus infection in health care workers referred to a hepatitis clinic. Med J Aust 1996 Jun 3;164(11):656-8.
Davis GL. Hepatitis C virus infection among health care workers. JAMA 1996 May 15;275(19):1474.
De Marcato R, Guarnaccia D, Cianella G, Cantiello G, Celetano U, D'Antonio A, Iaiunese G. Hepatitis C virus among health care workers. Minerva Med 1996 Nov;87(11):501-4.
Epstein JB, Sherlock CH. Hepatitis C: rapid progress in medicine and implications for dentistry. J Can Dent Assoc 1994 Apr;60(4):323-9.
Frider B, Sookoian S, Castano G, Rebora N, Gutfraind Z, Mirta K, Veyretou F, Wainstein C. Prevalence of hepatitis C in health care workers investigated by 2nd generation enzyme-linked and line immunoassays. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam 1994;24(2):71-5.
Gerberding JL. Incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and cytomegalovirus among health care personnel at risk for blood exposure: final report from a longitudinal study. J Infect Dis 1994 Dec;170(6):1410-7. Comment in: J Infect Dis 1995 Nov;172(5):1420-1.
Gershon R, Vlahov D, Farzadegan H, Alter M. Serosurvey of bloodborne pathogens in funeral service practitioners [abstract]. Natl Conf Hum Retroviruses Relat Infect 1995 Jan 29-Feb 2;2:163.
Gershon RR, Vlahov D, Farzadegan H, Alter MJ. Occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections among funeral service practitioners in Maryland. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995 Apr;16(4):194-7. Comment in: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995 Apr;16(4):192-3.
Goetz AM, Ndimbie OK, Wagener MM, Muder RR. Prevalence of hepatitis C infection in health care workers affiliated with a liver transplant center. Transplantation 1995 Apr 15;59(7):990-4.
Henderson DK. Postexposure prophylaxis for occupational exposures to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus. Surg Clin North Am 1995 Dec;75(6):1175-87.
Hepatitis C virus: guidance on the risks and current management of occupational exposure. PHLS Hepatitis Subcommittee. Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev 1993 Sep 10;3(10):R135-9.
Kiyosawa K, Sodeyama T, Tanaka E, Nakano Y, Furuta S, Nishioka K, Purcell RH, Alter HJ. Hepatitis C in hospital employees with needlestick injuries. Ann Intern Med 1991 Sep 1;115(5):367-9. Comment in: Ann Intern Med 1992 Feb 15;116(4):345; discussion 346.
Kuo MY, Hahn LJ, Hong CY, Kao JH, Chen DS. Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among dentists in Taiwan. J Med Virol 1993 May;40(1):10-3.
Lange WR, Frankenfield D, Weller E, Humphrey F, Mooney P, Bernacki EJ. Prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus markers among hospital employment applicants. J Occup Environ Med 1995 Apr;37(4):486-9.
Lanphear BP, Linnemann CC Jr, Cannon CG, DeRonde MM, Pendy L, Kerley LM. Hepatitis C virus infection in healthcare workers: risk of exposure and infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1994 Dec;15(12):745-50. Comment in: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1994 Dec;15(12):742-4; Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995 Jun;16(6):324-6.
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Pardoe KL. Slaying the hepatitis dragon. A study of fire department vaccinations for hepatitis B and C. J Emerg Med Serv JEMS 1994 May;19(5):59-66.
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Thomas DL, Gruninger SE, Siew C, Joy ED, Quinn TC. Occupational risk of hepatitis C infections among general dentists and oral surgeons in North America. Am J Med 1996 Jan;100(1):41-5.
What is the risk of acquiring hepatitis C for health care workers and what are the recommendations for prophylaxis and follow-up after occupational exposure to hepatitis C virus? Am J Infect Control 1996 Oct;24(5):411-5.
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Return to table of contents7. Hepatitis C Transmission Through Organ/Tissue Transplantation
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Aswad S, Obispo E, Mendez RG, Mendez R. HCV+ donors: should they be used for organ transplantation? Transplant Proc 1993 Dec;25(6):3072-4.
Belli LS, Alberti A, Rondinara GF, De Carlis L, Romani F, Bellati G, Minola E, Zurleni F, Rossetti O, Pirotta V, et al. Recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1993 Aug;25(4):2635-7.
Belli LS, Caccamo L, Mazzaferro V, Silini E, Alberti A, Melada E, Regalia E, Gridelli B, Rubino A, Gennari L, et al. Milan multicenter experience in liver transplantation for hepatitis C-related cirrhosis: report of 105 cases. Transplant Proc 1994 Dec;26(6):3582-4.
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Boker KH, Dalley G, Bahr MJ, Maschek H, Tillmann HL, Trautwein C, Oldhaver K, Bode U, Pichlmayr R, Manns MP. Long-term outcome of hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation. Hepatology 1997 Jan;25(1):203-10.
Brunson ME, Lau JY, Davis GL, Scornik J, Howard RJ, Pfaff WW. Non-A, non-B hepatitis and elevated serum aminotransferases in renal transplant patients. Correlation with hepatitis C infection. Transplantation 1993 Dec;56(6):1364-7.
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Dussaix E, de Paillette L, Laurent-Puig P, Martres P, Lykavieris P, Bernard O, Alvarez F. Hepatitis C virus infection in pediatric liver transplantation. Transplantation 1993 Apr;55(4):795-8.
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Duvoux C, Pawlotsky JM, Cherqui D, Metreau JM, Fagniez PL, Duval J, Dhumeaux D. Initial clinical patterns of hepatitis C virus reinfection after liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Transplant Proc 1996 Oct;28(5):2844-5.
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Gretch DR, Bacchi CE, Corey L, dela Rosa C, Lesniewski RR, Kowdley K, Gown A, Frank I, Perkins JD, Carithers RL Jr. Persistent hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation: clinical and virological features. Hepatology 1995 Jul;22(1):1-9.
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Johnson MW, Washburn WK, Freeman RB, FitzMaurice SE, Dienstag J, Basgoz N, Jenkins RL, Cosimi AB. Hepatitis C viral infection in liver transplantation. Arch Surg 1996 Mar;131(3):284-91.
Kerridge IH, Saul P, Batey RG. The clinical and ethical implications of hepatitis C for organ transplantation in Australia. Med J Aust 1996 Sep 2;165(5):282-5.
Knoop M, Bechstein WO, Blumhardt G, Langrehr JM, Berg T, Konig V, Wedell A, Hopf U, Neuhaus P. Recurrent hepatitis C infection after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1995 Feb;27(1):1208-10.
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Kroes AC, de Man RA, Niesters HG, Schalm SW, Weimar W, Balk AH. Fatal hepatitis C virus infection in a heart transplant recipient detectable by polymerase chain reaction only. J Hepatol 1994 Dec;21(6):1113-5.
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Locasciulli A, Alberti A, de Bock R, Cordonnier C, Einsele H, Engelhard D, Grundy J, Reusser P, Ribaud P, Ljungman P. Impact of liver disease and hepatitis infections on allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in Europe: a survey from the European Bone Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Group--Infectious Diseases Working Party. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994 Nov;14(5):833-7.
Locasciulli A, Bacigalupo A, VanLint MT, Cavalletto D, Pontisso P, Testa M, Masera G, Shulman HM, Portmann B, Alberti A. Hepatitis C virus infection and liver failure in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995 Sep;16(3):407-11.
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Locasciulli A, Pontisso P, Alberti A, Bacigalupo A, Ljungman P, Frickhofen N. The genotype of hepatitis C virus does not affect severity of liver disease after bone marrow transplantation [letter]. Blood 1995 May 1;85(9):2640. Comment on: Blood 1994 Apr 1;83(7):1998-2004.
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Morales JM. Hepatitis C and renal transplantation: outcome of patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995;10 Suppl 6:125-8.
Morales JM, Campistol JM, Castellano G, Andres A, Colina F, Fuertes A, Ercilla G, Bruguera M, Andreu J, Carretero P, et al. Transplantation of kidneys from donors with hepatitis C antibody into recipients with pre-transplantation anti-HCV. Kidney Int 1995 Jan;47(1):236-40.
Morales JM, Rodicio JL. Should hepatitis C positive donors be accepted for renal transplantation? Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1996 May;5(3):199-201.
Munro J, Briggs JD, McCruden EA. Detection of a cluster of hepatitis C infections in a renal transplant unit by analysis of sequence variation of the NS5a gene. J Infect Dis 1996 Jul;174(1):177-80.
Negro F, Giostra E, Rubbia-Brandt L, Mentha G, Troonen H, Albrecht M, Michel G, Perrin L, Morel P, Hadengue A. Immunoglobulin M anti-hepatitis C virus core antibodies correlate with hepatitis C recurrence in liver graft recipients. Transplant Proc 1996 Oct;28(5):2966-9.
Neu L, Brown MG, Korb S, Light JA. Clinical implications of transplanting hepatitis C-positive donor organs. Transplant Proc 1993 Aug;25(4):2472-3.
Neyhart CD. Hepatitis C virus and its impact on transplantation. ANNA J 1995 Dec;22(6):587-9, 630.
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Pastore M, Willems M, Cornu C, Buts JP, Reding R, de Ville de Goyet J, Rahier J, Otte JB, Yap SH, Sokal EM. Role of hepatitis C virus in chronic liver disease occurring after orthotopic liver transplantation. Arch Dis Child 1995 May;72(5):403-7.
Pereira BJ. Hepatitis C in organ transplantation: its significance and influence on transplantation policies. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1993 Nov;2(6):912-22.
Pereira BJ. Hepatitis C infection and post-transplantation liver disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995;10 Suppl 1:58-67.
Pereira BJ, Milford EL, Kirkman RL, Levey AS. Transmission of hepatitis C virus by organ transplantation. N Engl J Med 1991 Aug 15;325(7):454-60. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1991 Aug 15;325(7):507-9; N Engl J Med 1992 Feb 6;326(6):410-1; discussion 412-3; N Engl J Med 1992 Feb 6;326(6):411; discussion 412-3; N Engl J Med 1992 Feb 6;326(6):412; discussion.
Pereira BJ, Milford EL, Kirkman RL, Quan S, Sayre KR, Johnson PJ, Wilber JC, Levey AS. Liver disease and HCV infection after transplantation of organs from hepatitis C antibody positive donors. Transplant Proc 1993 Feb;25(1 Pt 2):1458-9.
Pirson Y, Goffin E. Hepatitis C infection in renal transplant patients: new insights and unanswered questions. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996;11 Suppl 4:42-5.
Rehermann B, Seifert U, Tillmann HL, Michel G, Boker KH, Pichlmayr R, Manns MP. Serological pattern of hepatitis C virus recurrence after liver transplantation. J Hepatol 1996 Jan;24(1):15-20.
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Roth D, Fernandez JA, Babischkin S, De Mattos A, Buck BE, Quan S, Olson L, Burke GW, Nery JR, Esquenazi V, et al. Transmission of hepatitis C virus with solid organ transplantation: incidence and clinical significance. Transplant Proc 1993 Feb;25(1 Pt 2):1476-7.
Roth D, Zucker K, Cirocco R, Burke G, Olson L, Esquenazi V, Miller J. Transmission of hepatitis C virus by kidney transplantation: impact of perfusion techniques and course of viremia post transplant. Pediatr Nephrol 1995;9 Suppl:S29-34.
Sanchez-Tapias JM, Rodes J. Dilemmas of organ transplantation from anti-HCV-positive donors. Lancet 1995 Feb 25;345(8948):469-70.
Schluger LK, Sheiner PA, Thung SN, Lau JY, Min A, Wolf DC, Fiel I, Zhang D, Gerber MA, Miller CM, Bodenheimer HC Jr. Severe recurrent cholestatic hepatitis C following orthotopic liver transplantation. Hepatology 1996 May;23(5):971-6.
Sheiner PA, Schwartz ME, Mor E, Schluger LK, Theise N, Kishikawa K, Kolesnikov V, Bodenheimer H, Emre S, Miller CM. Severe or multiple rejection episodes are associated with early recurrence of hepatitis C after orthotopic liver transplantation. Hepatology 1995 Jan;21(1):30-4.
Shiffman ML, Contos MJ, Luketic VA, Sanyal AJ, Purdum PP 3rd, Mills AS, Fisher RA, Posner MP. Biochemical and histologic evaluation of recurrent hepatitis C following orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation 1994 Feb 27;57(4):526-32.
Singh N, Gayowski T, Wannstedt CF, Marino IR, Wagener MM. Interferon-alpha therapy for hepatitis C virus recurrence after liver transplantation: long-term response with maintenance therapy. Clin Transplant 1996 Aug;10(4):348-51.
Terrault NA, Wright TL. Hepatitis C virus in the setting of transplantation. Semin Liver Dis 1995 Feb;15(1):92-100.
Terrault NA, Wright TL, Pereira BJ. Hepatitis C infection in the transplant recipient. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1995 Dec;9(4):943-64.
Tesi RJ, Waller K, Morgan CJ, Delaney S, Elkhammas EA, Henry ML, Ferguson RM. Transmission of hepatitis C by kidney transplantation--the risks. Transplantation 1994 Mar 27;57(6):826-31.
Thung SN, Shim KS, Shieh YS, Schwartz M, Theise N, Borcich A, Katz E, Miller C, Gerber MA. Hepatitis C in liver allografts. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1993 Feb;117(2):145-9.
Villa E, Grottola A, Buttafoco P, Merighi A, Ferretti I, Trande P, Zoboli P, Camellini L, Callea F, De Palma M, et al. Long-term follow-up of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in liver transplant patients. Clin Transplant 1995 Jun;9(3 Pt 1):160-4.
Weinstein JS, Poterucha JJ, Zein N, Wiesner RH, Persing DH, Rakela J. Epidemiology and natural history of hepatitis C infections in liver transplant recipients. J Hepatol 1995;22(1 Suppl):154-9.
Wreghitt TG, Gray JJ, Allain JP, Poulain J, Garson JA, Deaville R, Maple C, Parameshwar J, Calne RY, Wallwork J, et al. Transmission of hepatitis C virus by organ transplantation in the United Kingdom. J Hepatol 1994 Jun;20(6):768-72.
Wright TL. Hepatitis C virus infection and organ transplantation. Prog Liver Dis 1993;11:215-30.
Zein NN, McGreger CG, Wendt NK, Schwab K, Mitchell PS, Persing DH, Rakela J. Prevalence and outcome of hepatitis C infection among heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 1995 Sep-Oct;14(5):865-9.
Return to table of contents8. Other Hepatitis C Transmission Modes
Atrah HI, Ala FA, Gough D. Blood exchanged in ritual ceremonies as a possible route for infection with hepatitis C virus. J Clin Pathol 1994 Jan;47(1):87.
Bjorkander J, Fasth A, Widell A. Intravenous immunoglobulin and hepatitis C virus: the Scandinavian experience. Clin Ther 1996;18 Suppl B:73-82.
Bjoro K, Froland SS, Yun Z, Samdal HH, Haaland T. Hepatitis C infection in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia after treatment with contaminated immune globulin. N Engl J Med 1994 Dec 15;331(24):1607-11; N Engl J Med 1994 Dec 15;331(24):1649-50; N Engl J Med 1995 May 4;332(18):1235; discussion 1236-7; N Engl J Med 1995 May 4;332(18):1235-6.
Bresee JS, Mast EE, Coleman PJ, Baron MJ, Schonberger LB, Alter MJ, Jonas MM, Yu MY, Renzi PM, Schneider LC. Hepatitis C virus infection associated with administration of intravenous immune globulin. A cohort study. JAMA 1996 Nov 20;276(19):1563-7.
Couzigou P, Richard L, Dumas F, Schouler L, Fleury H. Detection of HCV-RNA in saliva of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S59-60.
Crowe J, Doyle C, Fielding JH, Holloway H, Keegan M, Kellcher D, Kelly P, Leader M, Little M, McDonald G, McCarthy CF, McWeeney J, O'Keane C, Rajan E/Walsh JK, Kenny Walsh L, Weir DG, Whelton M. Presentation of hepatitis C in a unique uniform cohort 17 years from inoculation [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1995 Apr;108(4 Suppl):A1054.
Echevarria JM, Leon P, Domingo CJ, Lopez JA, Elola C, Madurga M, Salmeron F, Yap PL, Daub J, Simmonds P. Laboratory diagnosis and molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of hepatitis C virus infection among recipients of human intravenous immunoglobulin in Spain. Transfusion 1996 Aug;36(8):725-30.
Feucht HH, Zollner B, Schroter M, Altrogge H, Laufs R. Tear fluid of hepatitis C virus carriers could be infectious. J Clin Microbiol 1995 Aug;33(8):2202-3.
Flora K, Schiele M, Benner K, Montanaro A, Johnston W, Whitham R, Press R. An outbreak of acute hepatitis C among recipients of intravenous immunoglobulin. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1996 Feb;76(2):160-2.
From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreak of hepatitis C associated with intravenous immunoglobulin administration--United States, October 1993-June 1994. JAMA 1994 Aug 10;272(6):424-5.
Gomperts ED. Gammagard and reported hepatitis C virus episodes. Clin Ther 1996;18 Suppl B:3-8.
Healey C, Chapel H. Intravenous immunoglobulin and hepatitis C virus: the British episode. Clin Ther 1996;18 Suppl B:93-5.
Healey CJ, Sabharwal NK, Daub J, Davidson F, Yap PL, Fleming KA, Chapman RW, Simmonds P, Chapel H. Outbreak of acute hepatitis C following the use of anti-hepatitis C virus--screened intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Gastroenterology 1996 Apr;110(4):1120-6. Comment in: Gastroenterology 1996 Apr;110(4):1307-10.
Higashi H, Matsumata T, Hayashi J, Yanaga K, Shimada M, Shirabe K, Taketomi A, Kashiwagi S, Sugimachi K. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in the ultrasonic dissector irrigating solution used in liver surgery. Br J Surg 1994 Sep;81(9):1346-7.
Jonas MM, Baron MJ, Bresee JS, Schneider LC. Clinical and virologic features of hepatitis C virus infection associated with intravenous immunoglobulin. Pediatrics 1996 Aug;98(2 Pt 1):211-5.
Karna P, Murray DL, Valduss D, Mattarella N, Dyke JW, Maier GA. Passive transfer of hepatitis antibodies during intravenous administration of immune globulin. J Pediatr 1994 Sep;125(3):463-5. Comment in: J Pediatr 1995 Feb;126(2):321-2.
Lefrere JJ, Loiseau P, Martinot-Peignoux M, Mariotti M, Ravera N, Thauvin M, Marcellin P, Janot C. Infection by hepatitis C virus through contaminated intravenous immune globulin: results of a prospective national inquiry in France. Transfusion 1996 May;36(5):394-7.
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Outbreak of hepatitis C associated with intravenous immunoglobulin administration--United States, October 1993-June 1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1994 Jul 22;43(28):505-9.
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Power JP, Lawlor E, Davidson F, Yap PL, Kenny-Walsh E, Whelton MJ, Walsh TJ. Hepatitis C viraemia in recipients of Irish intravenous anti-D immunoglobulin [letter]. Lancet 1994 Oct 22;344(8930):1166-7.
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Return to table of contentsPREVENTION AND CONTROL OF HEPATITIS C
A. Overview of Hepatitis C Prevention and Control
Blumberg A, Zehnder C, Burckhardt JJ. Prevention of hepatitis C infection in haemodialysis units. A prospective study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995;10(2):230-3. Comment in: Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995;10(8):1473-4.
Chung RT, Kaplan LM. Parenterally transmitted hepatitis: viruses, vaccines, and antiviral therapy. Compr Ther 1993;19(4):163-73.
Cicardi M, Mannucci PM, Castelli R, Rumi MG, Agostoni A. Reduction in transmission of hepatitis C after the introduction of a heat-treatment step in the production of C1-inhibitor concentrate. Transfusion 1995 Mar;35(3):209-12. Comment in: Transfusion 1996 Jan;36(1):84-5.
Dolan PJ, Skibba RM, Hagan RC, Kilgore WR 3d. Hepatitis C: prevention and treatment. Am Fam Physician 1991 Apr;43(4):1347-50, 1355-60.
dos Santos JP, Loureiro A, Cendoroglo Neto M, Pereira BJ. Impact of dialysis room and reuse strategies on the incidence of hepatitis C virus infection in haemodialysis units. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996 Oct;11(10):2017-22.
Dusheiko GM. Treatment and prevention of chronic viral hepatitis. Pharmacol Ther 1995 Jan;65(1):47-73.
Eckels DD, Flomenberg P, Gill JC. Hepatitis C virus: models of immunopathogenesis and prophylaxis. Transfusion 1996 Sep;36(9):836-44.
Fujiyama S, Kawano S, Sato S, Shimada H, Matsushita K, Ikezaki N, Nakano T, Sato T. Changes in prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies associated with preventive measures among hemodialysis patients and dialysis staff. Hepatogastroenterology 1995 Apr;42(2):162-5.
Gilli P, Soffritti S, De Paoli Vitali E, Bedani PL. Prevention of hepatitis C virus in dialysis units. Nephron 1995;70(3):301-6.
Guidelines and recommendations on the prevention and control of hepatitis C. Laboratory Centre for Disease Control. Can Commun Dis Rep 1995 Jul;21 Suppl 2:1-18, 1-21.
Harper SE, Dienstag JL. Can interferon alfa treatment prevent hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and compensated cirrhosis? Hepatology 1996 Apr;23(4):930-3.
Henderson DK. Postexposure prophylaxis for occupational exposures to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus. Surg Clin North Am 1995 Dec;75(6):1175-87.
Loureiro A, Macedo G, Pinto T. Hepatitis C virus infection in haemodialysis patients: lessons from epidemiology and prophylaxis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995;10 Suppl 6:83-7.
Moyer LA, Alter MJ. Hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis setting: a review with recommendations for control. Semin Dial 1994 Mar-Apr;7(2):124-7.
van der Poel CL. Hepatitis C virus. Epidemiology, transmission and prevention. Curr Stud Hematol Blood Transfus 1994;(61):137-63.
Voigt MD, Bird AR, Kirsch RE, Kew MC, Aspinall S, Sims J. National strategy for the prevention and management of transfusion-associated hepatitis. S Afr Med J 1996 Mar;86(3):245-51.
Zanetti AR, Tanzi E, Romano L, Mele A. Epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis type C in Italy. Res Virol 1995 Jul-Aug;146(4):253-9.
Return to table of contentsB. Mass Screening for Hepatitis C
Allison MC, Mills PR. Screening asymptomatic people at high risk for hepatitis C. The case against. BMJ 1996 May 25;312(7042):1349-50.
Barbara JA. Microbiological screening of blood donations: cost versus effectiveness. Med Lab Sci 1989 Jul;46(3):250-4. Published erratum appears in Med Lab Sci 1989 Oct;46(4):368.
Bernvil SS, Andrews VJ, Sasich F. Second-generation anti-HCV screening in a Saudi Arabian donor population. Vox Sang 1994;66(1):33-6.
Bird GL, Spence E, Hillan KJ, MacSween RN, Frame D, Yap P, Dow B, McOmish F, Mills PR. Genotypic variation, clinical and histological characteristics of chronic hepatitis C detected at blood donor screening. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(5):261-5.
Botte C, Janot C. Epidemiology of HCV infection in the general population and in blood transfusion. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996;11 Suppl 4:19-21.
Buffington J, Shapiro CN, Holman RC, Strine TW, Grossman BJ, Williams AE, Alter MJ, Schonberger LB. Multiple unconfirmed-reactive screening tests for viral antibodies among blood donors. Transfusion 1994 May;34(5):371-5.
Chambers LA, Popovsky MA. Decrease in reported posttransfusion hepatitis. Contributions of donor screening for alanine aminotransferase and antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen and changes in the general population. Arch Intern Med 1991 Dec;151(12):2445-8.
Chung HT, Lee JS, Lok AS. Prevention of posttransfusion hepatitis B and C by screening for antibody to hepatitis C virus and antibody to HBcAg. Hepatology 1993 Nov;18(5):1045-9.
Courouce AM, Barin F, Botte C, Lunel F, Maisonneuve P, Maniez M, Trepo C. A comparative evaluation of the sensitivity of seven anti-hepatitis C virus screening tests. Vox Sang 1995;69(3):213-6.
Courouce AM, Janot C. Development of screening and confirmation tests for antibodies to hepatitis C virus. Curr Stud Hematol Blood Transfus 1994;(61):36-48.
Curley SA, Izzo F, Gallipoli A, de Bellis M, Cremona F, Parisi V. Identification and screening of 416 patients with chronic hepatitis at high risk to develop hepatocellular cancer. Ann Surg 1995 Sep;222(3):375-80; discussion 380-3.
Dusheiko GM. Blood donor screening for hepatitis C [letter]. S Afr Med J 1993 Mar;83(3):217-8.
Garcia Z, Taylor L, Ruano A, Pavon L, Ayerdis E, Luftig RB, Visona KA. Evaluation of a pooling method for routine anti-HCV screening of blood donors to lower the cost burden on blood banks in countries under development. J Med Virol 1996 Jul;49(3):218-22.
Huang YY, Yang SS, Wu CH, Shih WS, Huang CS, Chen PH, Lin YM, Shen CT, Chen DS. Impact of screening blood donors for hepatitis C antibody on posttransfusion hepatitis: a prospective study with a second-generation anti-hepatitis C virus assay. Transfusion 1994 Aug;34(8):661-5.
Irving WL, Day S, Bennett D, Eglin RP, Flanagan P, Nuttall P, James V. Use of anti-GOR testing in the screening of blood donors for hepatitis C virus infection. Vox Sang 1993;65(1):38-41.
Kaur S, Rybicki L, Bacon BR, Gollan JL, Rustgi VK, Carey WD. Performance characteristics and results of a large-scale screening program for viral hepatitis and risk factors associated with exposure to viral hepatitis B and C: results of the National Hepatitis Screening Survey. National Hepatitis Surveillance Group. Hepatology 1996 Nov;24(5):979-86.
Koff RS. Anti-HCV screening of blood donors: the impact in Spain. Gastroenterology 1991 Mar;100(3):839-41.
Mulyanto, Suwignyo S, Tsauri S, Itoh K, Mizui M, Tsuda F, Okamoto H, Yoshizawa H, Mishiro S. An easy dipstick assay for anti-core antibodies to screen blood donors for hepatitis C virus viremia. Vox Sang 1996;70(4):229-31.
Nishikado T, Honda H, Kamamura M, Hibino S, Ito S. Prevention of posttransfusion hepatitis by screening with second-generation anti-HCV antibody and clinical features of HCV infection. Tokushima J Exp Med 1996 Jun;43(1-2):25-37.
Nishioka K. Hepatitis C virus screening and intravenous immunoglobulin safety in Japan. Clin Ther 1996;18 Suppl B:83-92.
Poovorawan Y, Theamboonlers A, Chumdermpadetsuk S, Thong CP. Comparative results in detection of HCV antibodies by using a rapid HCV test, ELISA and immunoblot. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1994 Dec;25(4):647-9.
Public Health Service inter-agency guidelines for screening donors of blood, plasma, organs, tissues, and semen for evidence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1991 Apr 19;40(RR-4):1-17.
Sallie R. Is PCR a viable option for population screening? [news]. Lancet 1993 Jun 19;341(8860):1591-2.
Sazama K. Hepatitis C screening and blood safety. West J Med 1993 Mar;158(3):295-6.
Seymour CA. Screening asymptomatic people at high risk for hepatitis C. The case for. BMJ 1996 May 25;312(7042):1347-8.
Sherman KE, Creager RL, O'Brien J, Sargent S, Piacentini S, Thieme T. The use of oral fluid for hepatitis C antibody screening. Am J Gastroenterol 1994 Nov;89(11):2025-7.
Takano S, Nakamura K, Kawai S, Yokosuka O, Satomura Y, Omata M. Prospective assessment of donor blood screening for antibody to hepatitis C virus by first- and second-generation assays as a means of preventing posttransfusion hepatitis. Hepatology 1996 Apr;23(4):708-12.
Takano S, Omata M, Ohto M, Satomura Y. Prospective assessment of donor blood screening for antibody to hepatitis C virus and high-titer antibody to HBcAg as a means of preventing posttransfusion hepatitis. Hepatology 1993 Aug;18(2):235-9.
Wang YJ, Lee SD, Hwang SJ, Chan CY, Chow MP, Lai ST, Lo KJ. Incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis before and after screening for hepatitis C virus antibody. Vox Sang 1994;67(2):187-90.
Waumans L, Claeys H, Verhaert H, Mertens W, Vermylen C. Hepatitis C virus confirmation in blood donor screening. Vox Sang 1993;64(3):145-9.
Yoshizawa H, Watanabe J. Impacts of blood screening on the incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis C in Japan. Curr Stud Hematol Blood Transfus 1994;(61):182-94.
Return to table of contentsC. Vaccines and Immunological Prevention for Hepatitis C
Choo QL, Kuo G, Ralston R, Weiner A, Chien D, Van Nest G, Han J, Berger K, Thudium K, Kuo C, et al. Vaccination of chimpanzees against infection by the hepatitis C virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994 Feb 15;91(4):1294-8.
Farci P, Alter HJ, Wong DC, Miller RH, Govindarajan S, Engle R, Shapiro M, Purcell RH. Prevention of hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees after antibody-mediated in vitro neutralization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994 Aug 2;91(16):7792-6.
Farci P, Shimoda A, Wong D, Cabezon T, De Gioannis D, Strazzera A, Shimizu Y, Shapiro M, Alter HJ, Purcell RH. Prevention of hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees by hyperimmune serum against the hypervariable region 1 of the envelope 2 protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996 Dec 24;93(26):15394-9.
Katkov WN, Dienstag JL. Hepatitis vaccines. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1995 Mar;24(1):147-59.
Koff RS. A redoubtable obstacle to a hepatitis C vaccine. Gastroenterology 1993 Apr;104(4):1228-9.
Koshy R, Inchauspe G. Evaluation of hepatitis C virus protein epitopes for vaccine development. Trends Biotechnol 1996 Oct;14(10):364-9.
Koziel MJ, Dudley D, Afdhal N, Grakoui A, Rice CM, Choo QL, Houghton M, Walker BD. HLA class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for hepatitis C virus. Identification of multiple epitopes and characterization of patterns of cytokine release. J Clin Invest 1995 Nov;96(5):2311-21.
Koziel MJ, Liang TJ. Vaccination against hepatitis C virus infection: miles to go before we sleep. Hepatology 1994 Sep;20(3):758-60.
Krawczynski K, Alter MJ, Tankersley DL, Beach M, Robertson BH, Lambert S, Kuo G, Spelbring JE, Meeks E, Sinha S, Carson DA. Effect of immune globulin on the prevention of experimental hepatitis C virus infection. J Infect Dis 1996 Apr;173(4):822-8.
Kurokohchi K, Akatsuka T, Pendleton CD, Takamizawa A, Nishioka M, Battegay M, Feinstone SM, Berzofsky JA. Use of recombinant protein to identify a motif-negative human cytotoxic T-cell epitope presented by HLA-A2 in the hepatitis C virus NS3 region. J Virol 1996 Jan;70(1):232-40.
Lima WF, Brown-Driver V, Fox M, Hanecak R, Bruice TW. Combinatorial screening and rational optimization for hybridization to folded hepatitis C virus RNA of oligonucleotides with biological antisense activity. J Biol Chem 1997 Jan 3;272(1):626-38.
Pardoe KL. Slaying the hepatitis dragon. A study of fire department vaccinations for hepatitis B and C. J Emerg Med Serv JEMS 1994 May;19(5):59-66.
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Tokushige K, Wakita T, Pachuk C, Moradpour, Weiner DB, Zurawski VR Jr, Wands JR. Expression and immune response to hepatitis C virus core DNA-based vaccine constructs. Hepatology 1996 Jul;24(1):14-20.
Return to table of contentsTHERAPY FOR HEPATITIS C
A. Overview of Hepatitis C Therapies
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Carreno V, Quiroga JA. New and forthcoming therapies for viral hepatitis. J Hepatol 1996;24(2 Suppl):74-6.
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Dusheiko GM. Summary: antiviral treatment of hepatitis C virus. Antiviral Res 1996 Jan;29(1):77-82.
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Fried MW, Hoofnagle JH. Therapy of hepatitis C. Semin Liver Dis 1995 Feb;15(1):82-91.
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Perrillo RP. Antiviral agents in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. Prog Liver Dis 1992;10:283-309.
Phillips DL. What to do with the patient with a positive HCV antibody test. Hawaii Med J 1991 Jul;50(7):254-7.
Reichard O. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 1994;95:1-56.
Rothstein KD, Munoz SJ. Interferon and other therapies for hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections. Clin Lab Med 1996 Jun;16(2):465-91.
Schiff ER. Treatment algorithms for hepatitis B and C. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S148-9.
Sherlock S. Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C viral infection. J Hepatol 1995;23 Suppl 2:3-7.
Sherlock S. Introduction: combination antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1995;23 Suppl 2:1-2.
Return to table of contentsB. Interferon Therapies for Hepatitis C
1. Overview of Interferon Therapies for Hepatitis C
a. Randomized Controlled TrialsArase Y, Kumada H, Chayama K, Tsubota A, Koida I, Ikeda K, Saitoh S, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi M. Interferon retreatment of nonresponders with HCV-RNA-positive chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol 1994 Jun;29(3):299-304.
Farrell GC, Lin R, Coverdale S. Prediction of response to interferon in patients with chronic active hepatitis C, and evidence that this improves hepatic metabolic function. Gastroenterol Jpn 1991 Jul;26 Suppl 3:243-6.
Friedlander L, van Thiel DH, Faruki H, Molloy PJ, Kania RJ, Hassanein T. New approach to HCV treatment. Recognition of disease process as systemic viral infection rather than as liver disease. Dig Dis Sci 1996 Aug;41(8):1678-81.
Merighi AL, Rebecchi AM, Buttafoco P, Grottola A, Ferretti I, Trande P, Manenti F, Villa E. HBsAg+, antiHCV+ chronic active hepatitis (CAH): A randomized, controlled trial of medium vs high dose IFN [abstract]. J Hepatol 1995;23 Suppl 1:180.
Poynard T, Leroy V, Cohard M, Thevenot T, Mathurin P, Opolon P, Zarski JP. Meta-analysis of interferon randomized trials in the treatment of viral hepatitis C: effects of dose and duration. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4):778-89.
Saez-Royuela F, Porres JC, Moreno A, Castillo I, Martinez G, Galiana F, Carreno V. High doses of recombinant alpha-interferon or gamma-interferon for chronic hepatitis C: a randomized, controlled trial. Hepatology 1991 Feb;13(2):327-31.
Sangiovanni A, Spinzi GC, Ceriani R, Prada A, Bissoli F, Morales R, Casiraghi M A, Sciariada L, Colombo E, Fossati M, Minoli G. Randomized controlled trial of HCV healthy carriers treatment with interferon (IFN) [abstract]. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 2):290A.
b. Other StudiesBennett WG, Inoue U, Beck JR, Pauker SG, Davis FL. Justification of a single 6-month course of interferon (IFN) for histologically mild chronic hepatitis C [abstract]. Hepatology 1993 Oct;18(4 Pt 2):290A.
Boyer N, Marcellin P, Duchatelle V, Martinot M, Kilani A, Pouteau M, Descombes I, Benhamou JP, Degott C, Erlinger S. Sustained response after alpha interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C [abstract]. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 2):291A.
Craxi A, Almasio P, Schalm S. Evaluation of efficacy of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C: a EUROHEP Consensus Report on response criteria. J Viral Hepat 1996 Sep;3(5):273-6.
Davis GL. Interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol 1996 Jul;10(2):289-98.
Davis GL. Interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Am J Med 1994 Jan 17;96(1A):41S-46S.
Davis GL. Interferon treatment of cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C: a logical intervention [editorial]. Am J Gastroenterol 1994 May;89(5):658-60.
Davis GL, Lau JY. Choice of appropriate end points of response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol 1995;22(1 Suppl):110-4.
Enomoto N, Sakuma I, Asahina Y, Kurosaki M, Murakami T, Yamamoto C, Izumi N, Marumo F, Sato C. Comparison of full-length sequences of interferon-sensitive and resistant hepatitis C virus 1b. Sensitivity to interferon is conferred by amino acid substitutions in the NS5A region. J Clin Invest 1995 Jul;96(1):224-30.
Farrell GC. Interferon treatment for chronic viral hepatitis in Australia: is it worth it? Med J Aust 1992 Jun 15;156(12):873-6. Comment in: Med J Aust 1992 Jun 15;156(12):821-2.
Fujisawa K. Interferon therapy in hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced chronic hepatitis: clinical significance of pretreatment with glycyrhizine. Trop Gastroenterol 1991 Oct-Dec;12(4):176-9.
Grander D, Hultcrantz R, Weiland O, Xu B, Sangfelt O, Bjorklund AC, Befrits R, Bjorkholm M, Gruber A, Kinnman N, Reichard O, Widell A, Einhorn S. Factors influencing the response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Studies on viral genotype and induction of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in the liver and peripheral blood cells. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996 Jun;31(6):604-11.
Hayashi J, Ohmiya M, Kishihara Y, Tani Y, Kinukawa N, Ikematsu H, Kashiwagi S. A statistical analysis of predictive factors of response to human lymphoblastoid interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 1994 Dec;89(12):2151-6.
Hoofnagle JH, Di Bisceglie AM. Treatment of chronic type C hepatitis with alpha interferon. Semin Liver Dis 1989 Nov;9(4):259-63.
Jakschies D, Zachoval R, Muller R, Manns M, Nolte KU, Hochkeppel HK, Horisberger MA, Deicher H, Von Wussow P. Strong transient expression of the type I interferon-induced MxA protein in hepatitis A but not in acute hepatitis B and C. Hepatology 1994 Apr;19(4):857-65.
Koizumi K, Enomoto N, Kurosaki M, Murakami T, Izumi N, Marumo F, Sato C. Diversity of quasispecies in various disease stages of chronic hepatitis C virus infection and its significance in interferon treatment. Hepatology 1995 Jul;22(1):30-5.
Kumagai N, Kuramochi S, Toda K, Iwabuchi N, Tsuchimoto K, Tsunematsu S, Saito H, Morizane T, Tsuchiya M, Ishii H. Assessment of histological features and outcome of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol 1996 Feb;31(1):69-74.
Muller R. Interferons in chronic viral hepatitis. Hepatogastroenterology 1991 Feb;38(1):4-9.
Nagasaka A, Hige S, Tsunematsu I, Yoshida J, Sasaki Y, Matsushima T, Asaka M. Changes in hepatitis C virus quasispecies and density populations in patients before and after interferon therapy. J Med Virol 1996 Nov;50(3):214-20.
Nunes D, Sharma A, Cohen S, Rea C, Offner G D, Apstein M, Afdhal NH. Randomised trial of interferon dose escalation for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1996 Apr;110(4 Suppl):A1281.
Ohnishi K, Matsuo S, Matsutani K, Itahashi M, Kakihara K, Suzuki K, Ito S, Fujiwara K. Interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C in habitual drinkers: comparison with chronic hepatitis C in infrequent drinkers. Am J Gastroenterol 1996 Jul;91(7):1374-9.
Okazaki T, Yoshihara H, Suzuki K, Yamada Y, Tsujimura T, Kawano K, Yamada Y, Abe H. Efficacy of interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Comparison between non-drinkers and drinkers. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994 Nov;29(11):1039-43.
Preston H, Wright TL. Interferon therapy for hepatitis C. Lancet 1996 Oct 12;348(9033):973-4.
Saracco G, Rizzetto M. A practical guide to the use of interferons in the management of hepatitis virus infections. Drugs 1997 Jan;53(1):74-85.
Takahashi T, Yamanaka M, Okabe K, Toda G, eds. Interferon therapy on chronic hepatitis C. Proceedings of the Takahashi Memorial Forum; 1995 Nov 25; Tokyo, Japan. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1996. (Progress in hepatology; vol. 2); (International congress series; no. 1113).
Takeda T, Kuroki T, Fukuda K, Yabusako T, Nishiguchi S, Nakajima S, Shiomi S, Seki S, Monna T, Sakurai M, et al. Long-term therapeutic efficacy of interferon for patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterol Jpn 1993 May;28 Suppl 5:104-8.
Terada M. [Interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C--assessment of 3 regimens in patients received more than 500 MU interferon treatment and their effect predictive factors for interferon treatment using multivariate analysis with the logistic regression model]. Nippon Rinsho 1995 Sep;53 Suppl:1007-11. (Jpn).
Trande P, Esposito P, Marchi S, Grottola A, Buttafoco P, Merighi A, Ciccorossi P, Ricchiuti A, Petruccelli S, Ferrari A, Cosenza R, Manenti F, Villa E. Double-blind, randomized trial of IFN +- colchicine in anti HCV-positive chronic active hepatitis (CAH) [abstract]. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 2):501A.
Trande P, Esposito P, Marchi S, Grottola A, Buttafoco P, Merighi A, Ciccorossi P, Ricchiuti A, Petruccelli S, Ferrari A, Nardella N, Stefanelli S, Manenti F, Villa E. Chronic active hepatitis C (CAH) due to hepatitis C virus (HCV): a randomized trial of IFN +or- colchicine [abstract]. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 2):590A.
Trepo C, Habersetzer F, Bailly F, Berby F, Pichoud C, Berthillon P, Vitvitski L. Interferon therapy for hepatitis C. Antiviral Res 1994 Jul;24(2-3):155-63.
Weiland O. Interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1994 Jul;14(3):279-88.
Woolf GM, Wagner DA, Vierling JM. Quantitative liver function (QLF) testing in patients treated with interferon (IFN) for chronic hepatitis C [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):160A.
Zein NN, Rakela J, Krawitt EL, Reddy KR, Tominaga T, Persing DH. Hepatitis C virus genotypes in the United States: epidemiology, pathogenicity, and response to interferon therapy. Collaborative Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1996 Oct 15;125(8):634-9.
Return to table of contents2. Interferon alpha Therapy for Hepatitis C
a. Randomized Controlled TrialsBardelli F, Messori A, Rampazzo R, Alberti A, Martini N. Effect of recombinant or lymphoblastoid interferon alpha on alanine aminotransferase in patients with chronic non-A non-B hepatitis. A meta-analysis. Clin Drug Invest 1995 May;9(5):239-54.
Booth JC, Foster GR, Kumar U, Galassini R, Goldin RD, Brown JL, Thomas HC. Chronic hepatitis C virus infections: predictive value of genotype and level of viraemia on disease progression and response to interferon alpha. Gut 1995 Mar;36(3):427-32.
Cho HJ, Dong SH, Lee MS, Kim HY, Park CK, Yoo JY, Polito A, Quan S, Han JH. Interferon alpha therapy in patients with chronic type C hepatitis: changes of serum ALT, anti-HCV & HCV-RNA. Korean J Intern Med 1992 Jan;7(1):13-7.
Cimino L, Nardone G, Citarella C, Perna E, Capuano G, Budillon G. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with recombinant interferon alfa. Ital J Gastroenterol 1991 Sep-Oct;23(7):399-402. Comment in: Ital J Gastroenterol 1992 Feb;24(2):111.
Clavien PA, Camargo CA Jr, Croxford R, Langer B, Levy GA, Greig PD. Definition and classification of negative outcomes in solid organ transplantation. Application in liver transplantation. Ann Surg 1994 Aug;220(2):109-20. Comment in: Ann Surg 1994 Aug;220(2):107-8.
Clemente MG, Congia M, Lai ME, Lilliu F, Lampis R, Frau F, Frau MR, Faa G, Diana G, Dessi C, et al. Effect of iron overload on the response to recombinant interferon-alfa treatment in transfusion-dependent patients with thalassemia major and chronic hepatitis C. J Pediatr 1994 Jul;125(1):123-8.
Craxi A, Di Marco V, Lo Iacono O, Almasio P, Bruno R, Camma C, Volpes R, Pagliaro L. Transfusion-associated chronic hepatitis C: alpha-n1 interferon for 6 vs. 12 months. J Hepatol 1996 May;24(5):539-46.
Davis GL, Balart LA, Schiff ER, Lindsay K, Bodenheimer HC Jr, Perrillo RP, Carey W, Jacobson IM, Payne J, Dienstag JL, et al. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with recombinant interferon alfa. A multicenter randomized, controlled trial. Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group. N Engl J Med 1989 Nov 30;321(22):1501-6.
Di Bisceglie AM, Martin P, Kassianides C, Lisker-Melman M, Murray L, Waggoner J, Goodman Z, Banks SM, Hoofnagle JH. Recombinant interferon alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis C. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. N Engl J Med 1989 Nov 30;321(22):1506-10.
Farrell GC. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with alpha-interferon. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1991;6 Suppl 1:36-40.
Greenway AL, Hertzog PJ, Devenish RJ, Dudley FJ, McMullen GL, Linnane AW. Immunolocalisation of interferon-alpha in hepatitis C patients and its correlation with response to interferon-alpha therapy. J Hepatol 1994 Nov;21(5):842-52.
Grimm I, Shaheen N. Can interferon prevent hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C virus-induced cirrhosis? Gastroenterology 1996 Jun;110(6):2019-21.
Harper SE, Dienstag JL. Can interferon alfa treatment prevent hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and compensated cirrhosis? Hepatology 1996 Apr;23(4):930-3.
Horiike N, Masumoto T, Nakanishi K, Michitaka K, Kurose K, Ohkura I, Onji M. Interferon therapy for patients more than 60 years of age with chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995 May-Jun;10(3):246-9.
Jouet P, Roudot-Thoraval F, Dhumeaux D, Metreau JM. Comparative efficacy of interferon alfa in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients with non-A, non-B, C hepatitis. Le Groupe Francais pour l'Etude du Traitement des Hepatites Chroniques NANB/C. Gastroenterology 1994 Mar;106(3):686-90.
Kakumu S, Arao M, Yoshioka K, Hayashi H, Kusakabe A, Hirofuji H, Kawabe M. Recombinant human alpha-interferon therapy for chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: second report. Am J Gastroenterol 1990 Jun;85(6):655-9.
Kanazawa Y, Hayashi N, Mita E, Li T, Hagiwara H, Kasahara A, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Influence of viral quasispecies on effectiveness of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients. Hepatology 1994 Nov;20(5):1121-30.
Kasahara A, Hayashi N, Hiramatsu N, Oshita M, Hagiwara H, Katayama K, Kato M, Masuzawa M, Yoshihara H, Kishida Y, et al. Ability of prolonged interferon treatment to suppress relapse after cessation of therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Hepatology 1995 Feb;21(2):291-7.
Lau JY, Mizokami M, Ohno T, Diamond DA, Kniffen J, Davis GL. Discrepancy between biochemical and virological responses to interferon-alpha in chronic hepatitis C. Lancet 1993 Nov 13;342(8881):1208-9. Comment in: Lancet 1994 Jan 1;343(8888):54; Lancet 1994 Jan 1;343(8888):54-5.
Marcellin P, Boyer N, Giostra E, Degott C, Courouce AM, Degos F, Coppere H, Cales P, Couzigou P, Benhamou JP. Recombinant human alpha-interferon in patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: a multicenter randomized controlled trial from France. Hepatology 1991 Mar;13(3):393-7. Comment in: Hepatology 1991 Mar;13(3):601-3.
Nishiguchi S, Kuroki T, Nakatani S, Morimoto H, Takeda T, Nakajima S, Shiomi S, Seki S, Kobayashi K, Otani S. Randomised trial of effects of interferon-alpha on incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic active hepatitis C with cirrhosis. Lancet 1995 Oct 21;346(8982):1051-5. Comment in: Lancet 1995 Oct 21;346(8982):1049-50; Lancet 1996 Jan 20;347(8995):194-5; Lancet 1996 Jan 20;347(8995):195.
Omata M, Ito Y, Yokosuka O, Imazeki F, Tagawa M, Takano S, Hosoda K, Tada M, Ohto M, Ito K, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of eight-week course of recombinant alpha-interferon for chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 1991 Sep;36(9):1217-22.
Pardo M, Castillo I, Navas S, Carreno V. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with cirrhosis with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor plus recombinant interferon-alpha. J Med Virol 1995 Apr;45(4):439-44.
Rumi MG, del Ninno E, Parravicini ML, Romeo R, Soffredini R, Donato MF, Zahm F, Colombo M. Long-term titrated recombinant interferon-alpha 2a in chronic hepatitis C: a randomized controlled trial. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(2):73-6.
Sanchez-Tapias JM, Forns X, Ampurdanes S, Tito L, Planas R, Viver JM, Acero D, Torres M, Mas P, Morillas R, Forne M, Espinos J, Llovet JM, Costa J, Olmedo E, Lopex-Labrador FX, Jimenez de Anta MT, Rodes J. Low dose alpha interferon therapy can be effective in chronic active hepatitis C. Results of a multicentre, randomised trial. Gut 1996 Apr;38(4):603-9.
Serfaty L, Giral P, Loria A, Andreani T, Legendre C, Poupon R. Factors predictive of the response to interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1994 Jul;21(1):12-7. Comment in: J Hepatol 1994 Jul;21(1):1-3.
Sieck JO, Ellis ME, Alfurayh O, Ali MA, Ali HA, Ayub A, al-Fadda M, Zafar M, Halim M, Bernvil SS, et al. Histologically advanced chronic hepatitis C treated with recombinant alpha-interferon: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over study. J Hepatol 1993 Nov;19(3):418-23.
Spencer MH, Ross JW. Hepatitis C prevelance, demographics and selection criteria for interferon therapy in an urban HIV-positive cohort [abstract]. Int Conf AIDS 1996 Jul 7-12;11(1):96 (abstract no. Mo.B.1242).
Tine F, Magrin S, Craxi A, Pagliaro L. Interferon for non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis. A meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. J Hepatol 1991 Sep;13(2):192-9.
Van Thiel DH, Friedlander L, Caraceni P, Molloy PJ, Kania RJ. Treatment of hepatitis C virus in elderly persons with interferon alpha. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1995 Nov;50(6):M330-3.
Viladomiu L, Genesca J, Esteban JI, Allende H, Gonzalez A, Lopez-Talavera JC, Esteban R, Guardia J. Interferon-alpha in acute posttransfusion hepatitis C: a randomized, controlled trial. Hepatology 1992 May;15(5):767-9.
Villa E, Trande P, Grottola A, Buttafoco P, Rebecchi AM, Stroffolini T, Callea F, Merighi A, Camellini L, Zoboli P, Cosenza R, Miglioli L, Loria P, Iori R, Carulli N, Manenti F. Alpha but not beta interferon is useful in chronic active hepatitis due to hepatitis C virus. A prospective, double-blind, randomized study. Dig Dis Sci 1996 Jun;41(6):1241-7.
Watanabe S, Kobayashi Y, Konishi M, Yokoi M, Kakehashi R, Kaito M, Suzuki S. Appropriate interferon-alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis C: an assessment by quantitative changes in serum hepatitis C virus-RNA. Intern Med 1993 Jul;32(7):523-9.
Yoon SK, Kim SS, Park YM, Shim KS, Lee CD, Sun HS, Park DH, Kim BS, Ryu WS, Cho JM. Predictive factors for beneficial response to interferon-alfa therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Korean J Intern Med 1995 Jul;10(2):94-102.
Yuki N, Hayashi N, Kasahara A, Hagiwara H, Takehara T, Oshita M, Katayama K, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Pretreatment viral load and response to prolonged interferon-alpha course for chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1995 Apr;22(4):457-63.
b. Other StudiesAlvarez F. Therapy for chronic viral hepatitis. Clin Invest Med 1996 Oct;19(5):381-8.
Arai M, Niioka M, Maruyama K, Wada N, Fujimoto N, Nomiyama T, Tanaka S, Okazaki I. Changes in serum levels of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors by treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon. Dig Dis Sci 1996 May;41(5):995-1000.
Berardo C, Gerardi R, Delle Monache M, Del Vecchio S, Ricci GL. Antibody pattern's lack of predictivity in determining the response of viral hepatitis C to interferon therapy. Ital J Gastroenterol 1994 Oct-Nov;26(8):398-400.
Boillot O, Berger F, Rasolofo E, Mion F, Chevallier P, Gille D, Paliard P. Effectiveness of early alpha-interferon therapy for hepatitis C virus infection recurrence after liver transplantation. Transpl Int 1996;9 Suppl 1:S202-3.
Boillot O, Berger F, Rasolofo E, Mion F, Chevallier P, Gille D, Paliard P. Effects of early interferon alfa therapy for hepatitis C virus infection recurrence after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1995 Aug;27(4):2501.
Bresci G, Gambardella L, Parisi G, Banti S, Scatena F, Bertoni M, Capria A. Sustained remission and viraemia in chronic hepatitis C treated with recombinant alpha-interferon (rIFN-alpha). Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1995;15(5-6):175-9.
Cacciarelli TV, Martinez OM, Gish RG, Villanueva JC, Krams SM. Immunoregulatory cytokines in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: pre- and posttreatment with interferon alfa. Hepatology 1996 Jul;24(1):6-9.
Carella C, Amato G, Biondi B, Rotondi M, Morisco F, Tuccillo C, Chiuchiolo N, Signoriello G, Caporaso N, Lombardi G. Longitudinal study of antibodies against thyroid in patients undergoing interferon-alpha therapy for HCV chronic hepatitis. Horm Res 1995;44(3):110-4.
Casaril M, Capra F, Gabrielli GB, Bassi A, Squarzoni S, Dagradi R, De Maria E, Corrocher R. Cryoglobulinemia in hepatitis C virus chronic active hepatitis: effects of interferon-alpha therapy. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1996 Aug;16(8):585-8.
Cesaro S, Rossetti F, De Moliner L, Crivellaro C, Zanesco L, Bortolotti F. Interferon for chronic hepatitis C in patients cured of malignancy. Eur J Pediatr 1994 Sep;153(9):659-62.
Cribier B, Schmitt C, Rey D, Lang JM, Kirn A, Stoll-Keller F. Role of endogenous interferon in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and in coinfection by HIV and HCV. Res Virol 1996 Sep-Oct;147(5):263-6.
da Silva LC, Ono SK, Fonseca LE, Carrilho FJ, Mendes LC, Franca AV, Madruga CL, Laudanna AA. Long term follow-up and patterns of response of ALT in patients with chronic hepatitis NANB/C treated with recombinant interferon-alpha. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1995 May-Jun;37(3):239-43.
di Martino V, Lunel F, Cadranel JF, Hoang C, Parlier Y, Le Charpentier Y, Opolon P. Long-term effects of interferon-alpha in five HIV-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 1996 Sep;3(5):253-60.
Enomoto N, Sakuma I, Asahina Y, Kurosaki M, Murakami T, Yamamoto C, Ogura Y, Izumi N, Marumo F, Sato C. Mutations in the nonstructural protein 5A gene and response to interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus 1b infection. N Engl J Med 1996 Jan 11;334(2):77-81.
Fattovich G, Giustina G, Favarato S, Ruol A. A survey of adverse events in 11,241 patients with chronic viral hepatitis treated with alfa interferon. J Hepatol 1996 Jan;24(1):38-47.
Fattovich G, Giustina G, Realdi G, Schalm SW, EUROHEP Study Group on Cirrhosis. Effectiveness of interferon alfa on the clinical course of caucasian patients with viral compensated cirrhosis [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):155A.
Feray C, Samuel D, Gigou M, Paradis V, David MF, Lemonnier C, Reynes M, Bismuth H. An open trial of interferon alfa recombinant for hepatitis C after liver transplantation: antiviral effects and risk of rejection. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 1):1084-9.
Ferri C, Zignego AL, Longombardo G, Monti M, La Civita L, Lombardini F, Greco F, Mazzoni A, Pasero G, Gentilini P, et al. Effect of alpha-interferon on hepatitis C virus chronic infection in mixed cryoglobulinemia patients. Infection 1993 Mar-Apr;21(2):93-7.
Fried MW, Hoofnagle JH. Therapy of hepatitis C. Semin Liver Dis 1995 Feb;15(1):82-91.
Fujisawa T, Inui A, Ohkawa T, Komatsu H, Miyakawa Y, Onoue M. Response to interferon therapy in children with chronic hepatitis C. J Pediatr 1995 Oct;127(4):660-2.
Garson JA, Brillanti S, Whitby K, Foli M, Deaville R, Masci C, Miglioli M, Barbara L. Analysis of clinical and virological factors associated with response to alpha interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol 1995 Mar;45(3):348-53.
Gerweck KK, Cheung AM, Wong DK. Comparison of biochemical and virological responses to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C: a meta-analysis [abstract]. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 2):420A.
Ghaffar Y, Dorgham L, Lotfy N, Faris L, Sultan Y, Khairy A. Effect of interferon therapy on radionuclide imaging in chronic liver diseases due to HCV infection. J Nucl Med 1995 Sep;36(9):1587-9.
Gibas AL. Use of interferon in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. Gastroenterologist 1993 Jun;1(2):129-42.
Gottrand F, Michaud L, Guimber D, Ategbo S, Dubar G, Turck D, Farriaux JP. Influence of recombinant interferon alpha on nutritional status and growth pattern in children with chronic viral hepatitis. Eur J Pediatr 1996 Dec;155(12):1031-4.
Gubertini G, Vigano P, Veretta R, Meraviglia P, Cargnel A. Treatment of chronic C virus hepatitus in anti HIV positive patients. Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21;7(2):227 (abstract no. W.B.2180).
Guechot J, Loria A, Serfaty L, Giral P, Giboudeau J, Poupon R. Serum hyaluronan as a marker of liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis C: effect of alpha-interferon therapy. J Hepatol 1995 Jan;22(1):22-6.
Gurakar A, Fagiuoli S, Faruki H, De Maria N, Balkan M, Van Thiel DH, Friedlander L. Utility of hepatitis C virus RNA determinations in hepatic tissue as an end point for interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 1):1109-12.
Halpern Z, Arber N, Hallak A, Konikoff F, Santo M, Moshkowitz M, Tomny E, Gilat T. Post-transfusion etiology and non-cirrhotic histology improve the remission rate of chronic hepatitis C during interferon treatment. Isr J Med Sci 1995 Jun;31(6):341-4.
Hamada M, Kihira T, Takase K, Nakano T, Tameda Y, Kosaka Y. Hepatocyte regeneration in chronic hepatitis C and interferon treatment: analysis of immunohistological identification of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). J Gastroenterol 1995 Jun;30(3):372-8.
Hanada H, Hino K, Fujii K, Okazaki M, Okita K. Rebound phenomenon of hepatitis C viremia after interferon therapy in relapsed patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol 1995 Jun;30(3):347-50.
Hasegawa K, Hasegawa M, Kusakabe K, Fujimaki Y, Hashimoto T, Hishida T. [Evaluation of usefulness of 99mTc-GSA scintigraphy in hepatitis C treated with alpha interferon]. Nippon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi 1994 Jul 25;54(8):804-6. (Jpn).
Hayashi J, Kishihara Y, Yamaji K, Yoshimura E, Ohmiya M, Tani Y, Ikematsu H, Kashiwagi S. Serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors and effects of interferon-alpha for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus. Dig Dis Sci 1995 Aug;40(8):1837-41.
Higueras V, Raya A, Rodrigo JM, Serra MA, Roma J, Romero FJ. Interferon decreases serum lipid peroxidation products of hepatitis C patients. Free Radic Biol Med 1994 Jan;16(1):131-3.
Hiramatsu N, Hayashi N, Kasahara A, Hagiwara H, Takehara T, Haruna Y, Naito M, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Improvement of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with natural interferon alpha. J Hepatol 1995 Feb;22(2):135-42.
Hoofnagle JH, Di Bisceglie AM, Shindo M. Antiviral therapy of hepatitis C--present and future. J Hepatol 1993;17 Suppl 3:S130-6.
Hoofnagle JH, Mullen KD, Jones DB, Rustgi V, Di Bisceglie A, Peters M, Waggoner JG, Park Y, Jones EA. Treatment of chronic non-A,non-B hepatitis with recombinant human alpha interferon. A preliminary report. N Engl J Med 1986 Dec 18;315(25):1575-8.
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Return to table of contents3. Interferon alpha-2a Therapy for Hepatitis C
a. Randomized Controlled TrialsAlberti A, Chemello L, Bonetti P, Casarin C, Diodati G, Cavalletto L, Cavalletto D, Frezza M, Donada C, Belussi F, et al. Treatment with interferon(s) of community-acquired chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis type C. The TVVH Study Group. J Hepatol 1993;17 Suppl 3:S123-6.
Angelico M, Gandin C, Pescarmona E, Rapicetta M, Del Vecchio C, Bini A, Spada E, Baroni CD, Capocaccia L. Recombinant interferon-alpha and ursodeoxycholic acid versus interferon-alpha alone in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomized clinical trial with long-term follow-up. Am J Gastroenterol 1995 Feb;90(2):263-9.
Bonavita MS, Franco A, Paroli M, Santilio I, Benvenuto R, De Petrillo G, Levrero M, Perrone A, Balsano C, Barnaba V. Normalization of depressed natural killer activity after interferon-alpha therapy is associated with a low frequency of relapse in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Int J Tissue React 1993;15(1):11-6.
Bonetti P, Diodati G, Drago C, Casarin C, Scaccabarozzi S, Realdi G, Ruol A, Alberti A. Interferon antibodies in patients with chronic hepatitic C virus infection treated with recombinant interferon alpha-2 alpha. J Hepatol 1994 Mar;20(3):416-20. Comment in: J Hepatol 1994 Jul;21(1):135.
Bortolotti F, Giacchino R, Vajro P, Barbera C, Crivellaro C, Alberti A, Nebbia G, Zancan L, De Moliner L, Bertolini A, et al. Recombinant interferon-alfa therapy in children with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1995 Dec;22(6):1623-7.
Brandt ER, Devenish RJ, Hertzog PJ, Dudley FJ, Linnane AW. Detection of interferon-alpha expression by PCR in patients with chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis non-A, non-B. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1994 Jul-Aug;9(4):373-80.
Chemello L, Alberti A, Rose K, Simmonds P. Hepatitis C serotype and response to interferon therapy [letter]. N Engl J Med 1994 Jan 13;330(2):143.
Chemello L, Bonetti P, Cavalletto L, Talato F, Donadon V, Casarin P, Belussi F, Frezza M, Noventa F, Pontisso P, et al. Randomized trial comparing three different regimens of alpha-2a-interferon in chronic hepatitis C. The TriVeneto Viral Hepatitis Group. Hepatology 1995 Sep;22(3):700-6.
Chemello L, Cavalletto L, Noventa F, Bonetti P, Casarin C, Bernardinello E, Pontisso P, Donada C, Casarin P, Belussi F, et al. Predictors of sustained response, relapse and no response in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon-alpha. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(2):91-6.
Diodati G, Bonetti P, Noventa F, Casarin C, Rugge M, Scaccabarozzi S, Tagger A, Pollice L, Tremolada F, Davite C, et al. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with recombinant human interferon-alpha 2a: results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Hepatology 1994 Jan;19(1):1-5.
Diodati G, Bonetti P, Tagger A, Casarin C, Noventa F, Ribero M, Fasola M, Ruol A, Realdi G. Relationship between serum HCV markers and response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Evaluation of HCV genotypes during and after long-term follow-up. Dig Dis Sci 1994 Nov;39(11):2497-502.
Douglas DD, Rakela J, Lin HJ, Hollinger FB, Taswell HF, Czaja AJ, Gross JB, Anderson ML, Parent K, Fleming CR, et al. Randomized controlled trial of recombinant alpha-2a-interferon for chronic hepatitis C. Comparison of alanine aminotransferase normalization versus loss of HCV RNA and anti-HCV IgM. Dig Dis Sci 1993 Apr;38(4):601-7.
Gallorini A, Plebani M, Pontisso P, Chemello L, Masiero M, Mantovani G, Alberti A. Serum markers of hepatic fibrogenesis in chronic hepatitis type C treated with alfa-2A interferon. Liver 1994 Oct;14(5):257-64.
Genesca J. Interferon alfa in acute posttransfusion hepatitis C: a randomized, controlled trial. Gastroenterology 1992 Nov;103(5):1702-3.
Hopf U, Kuther S, Konig V, Heuft H, Berg T, Bauditz J, Soltani K, Lobeck H, Huhn D. [Long-term follow-up of chronic hepatitis C after treatment with recombinant interferon alpha-2a]. Z Gastroenterol 1994 Aug;32(8):425-30. (Ger).
Horsmans Y, Brenard R, Geubel AP. Short report: interferon-alpha decreases 14C-aminopyrine breath test values in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1994 Jun;8(3):353-5.
Matsumoto A, Tanaka E, Suzuki T, Ogata H, Kiyosawa K. Viral and host factors that contribute to efficacy of interferon-alpha 2a therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Dig Dis Sci 1994 Jun;39(6):1273-80.
Misiani R, Bellavita P, Fenili D, Vicari O, Marchesi D, Sironi PL, Zilio P, Vernocchi A, Massazza M, Vendramin G, et al. Interferon alfa-2a therapy in cryoglobulinemia associated with hepatitis C virus. N Engl J Med 1994 Mar 17;330(11):751-6. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1994 Aug 11;331(6):399-400; N Engl J Med 1994 Aug 11;331(6):400; discussion 401; N Engl J Med 1994 Aug 11;331(6):401.
Realdi G, Diodati G, Bonetti P, Scaccabarozzi S, Alberti A, Ruol A. Recombinant human interferon alfa-2a in community-acquired non-A, non-B chronic active hepatitis. Preliminary results of a randomized, controlled trial. J Hepatol 1990;11 Suppl 1:S68-71.
Rumi M, Del Ninno E, Parravicini ML, Romeo R, Soffredini R, Donato MF, Wilber J, Russo A, Colombo M. A prospective, randomized trial comparing lymphoblastoid to recombinant interferon alfa 2a as therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1996 Dec;24(6):1366-70.
Ryff JC. Usefulness of interferon for treatment of hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1995;22(1 Suppl):101-9.
Toyoda H, Nakano S, Kumada T, Takeda I, Sugiyama K, Osada T, Kiriyama S. Effect of daily administration period of natural alpha-interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 1996 Apr;91(4):743-7.
Valla D, Babany G, Ouzan D, Trepo C, Bourliere M, Cales P, Payen JL, Couzigou P, Buffet C, Michel P, et al. Prevention of relapse in patients with chronic non-A, non-B/C hepatitis who respond to alpha-interferon. A controlled multicenter trial of low-dose maintenance therapy. Groupe d'Etude Multicentrique de l'Interferon dans les Hepatites. J Hepatol 1994 Nov;21(5):774-8.
Van Thiel DH, Friedlander L, Fagiuoli S, Molloy P, Kania RJ, Wright H. The Oklahoma-Pittsburgh experience with interferon alpha in the treatment of HCV disease. J Okla State Med Assoc 1995 Apr;88(4):154-61.
Watson AR, Bartlome P. High-dose interferon alfa-2A for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Ann Pharmacother 1994 Mar;28(3):341-2.
b. Other StudiesAiyama T, Yoshioka K, Hirofuji H, Kusakabe A, Yamada M, Tanaka K, Kakumu S. Changes in serum hepatitis C virus RNA titer and response to interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Dig Dis Sci 1994 Oct;39(10):2244-9.
Bosch O, Tapia L, Quiroga JA, Carreno V. An escalating dose regime of recombinant interferon-alpha 2A in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1993 Feb;17(2):146-9.
Caporaso N, Suozzo R, Morisco F, D'Antonio M, Romano M, Coltorti M. Recombinant human interferon alpha-2a therapy for chronic hepatitis C with or without cirrhosis: comparison of 3 or 6 MU for 1 year. Ital J Gastroenterol 1993 Nov-Dec;25(9):482-6.
Castillo I, Bartolome J, Navas S, Gonzalez S, Herrero M, Carreno V. Virological and biochemical long-term follow-up of patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon. Hepatology 1994 Jun;19(6):1342-6.
Chan TM, Lok AS, Cheng IK, Ng IO. Chronic hepatitis C after renal transplantation. Treatment with alpha-interferon. Transplantation 1993 Nov;56(5):1095-8.
Enomoto N, Kurosaki M, Tanaka Y, Marumo F, Sato C. Fluctuation of hepatitis C virus quasispecies in persistent infection and interferon treatment revealed by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. J Gen Virol 1994 Jun;75(Pt 6):1361-9.
Guido M, Rugge M, Chemello L, Leandro G, Fattovich G, Giustina G, Cassaro M, Alberti A. Liver stellate cells in chronic viral hepatitis: the effect of interferon therapy. J Hepatol 1996 Mar;24(3):301-7.
Hagiwara H, Hayashi N, Kasahara A, Oshita M, Katayama K, Kato M, Masuzawa M, Fusamoto H, Sakurai M, Kamada T. Treatment with recombinant interferon-alpha 2a for patients with chronic hepatitis C: predictive factors for biochemical and virologic response. Osaka Liver Disease Study Group. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996 Oct;31(10):1021-6.
Hanley JP, Dolan G, Day S, Skidmore SJ, Irving WL. Interaction of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection in haemophilia. Br J Haematol 1993 Nov;85(3):611-2.
Haria M, Benfield P. Interferon-alpha-2a. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in the management of viral hepatitis. Drugs 1995 Nov;50(5):873-96.
Hosoda K, Yokosuka O, Kato N, Ito Y, Ohto M, Omata M. Long-term effects of alpha-interferon for treatment of chronic hepatitis C in terms of histological changes with aminotransferase normalization and hepatitis C virus RNA seroconversion. Gastroenterol Jpn 1993 May;28 Suppl 5:115-7.
Kakumu S, Arao M, Yoshioka K, Ichimiya H, Murase K, Aoi T, Kusakabe A. Pilot study of recombinant human alpha-interferon for chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1989 Jan;84(1):40-5.
Kakumu S, Yoshika K, Tanaka K, Higashi Y, Kurokawa S, Hirofuji H, Kusakabe A. Long-term carriage of hepatitis C virus with normal aminotransferase after interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol 1993 Sep;41(1):65-70.
Kanai K, Kako M, Aikawa T, Kumada T, Kawasaki T, Hatahara T, Oka Y, Mizokami M, Sakai T, Iwata K, et al. Clearance of serum hepatitis C virus RNA after interferon therapy in relation to virus genotype. Liver 1995 Aug;15(4):185-8.
Kondo M, Tanaka K, Ikeda M, Arata S, Saito S, Sakaguchi T, Morimoto M, Fujii T, Mitsui K, Okazaki H, Hoshino M, Sekihara H. Hepatic HCV-RNA as a predictor of outcome after interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996 Mar;11(3):236-40.
Milella M, Antonelli G, Santantonio T, Giannelli G, Currenti M, Monno L, Turriziani O, Pastore G, Dianzani F. Treatment with natural IFN of hepatitis C patients with or without antibodies to recombinant IFN. Hepatogastroenterology 1995 Jul;42(3):201-4.
Negro F, Abate ML, Mondardini A, Baldi M, Leandro G, Lombardi S, Wolfe L, Ryff JC, Verme G, Brunetto MR, et al. The fluctuations of hepatitis C virus RNA and IgM anti-HCV (core) serum levels correlate with those of alanine aminotransferases during the hepatitis relapses of patients treated with interferon. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(4):171-4.
Negro F, Baldi M, Mondardini A, Leandro G, Chaneac M, Manzini P, Abate ML, Zahm F, Dastoli G, Ballare M, et al. Continuous versus intermittent therapy for chronic hepatitis C with recombinant interferon alfa-2a. Gastroenterology 1994 Aug;107(2):479-85.
Orito E, Mizokami M, Mizoguchi N, Ohba K, Tohnai M, Yamanaka H, Oguri T, Hirashima N, Koide T, Kano H, et al. Hepatitis C virus serotype II responds more favorably to interferon-alpha therapy. J Hepatol 1994 Jul;21(1):130-2.
Pawlotsky JM, Hovanessian A, Roudot-Thoraval F, Lebon P, Robert N, Bouvier M, Babany G, Duval J, Dhumeaux D. Activity of the interferon-induced 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1995 Oct;15(10):857-62.
Pawlotsky JM, Hovanessian AG, Roudot-Thoraval F, Robert N, Bouvier M, Babany G, Duval J, Dhumeaux D. Effect of alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) on 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic hepatitis C: relationship to the antiviral effect of IFN-alpha. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996 Feb;40(2):320-4.
Piccinino F, Felaco FM, Aprea L, Messina V, Pasquale G, Sagnelli E. Non responders to interferon therapy among chronic hepatitis patients infected with hepatitis C virus. Arch Virol Suppl 1993;8:257-63.
Pozzato G, Moretti M, Croce LS, Sasso F, Kaneko S, Unoura M, Kobayashi K, Crovatto M, Santini G, Tiribelli C. Interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus: evidence of different outcome with respect to different viral strains. J Med Virol 1995 Apr;45(4):445-50.
Preziati D, La Rosa L, Covini G, Marcelli R, Rescalli S, Persani L, Del Ninno E, Meroni PL, Colombo M, Beck-Peccoz P. Autoimmunity and thyroid function in patients with chronic active hepatitis treated with recombinant interferon alpha-2a. Eur J Endocrinol 1995 May;132(5):587-93.
Saito H, Tsuchimoto K, Miyaguchi S, Tada S, Sawaguchi K, Komatsu K, Kaneko K, Watanabe T, Morizane T, Ishii H. Keio multicenter trial in high-dose interferon-alpha 2b treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Keio Interferon-alpha 2b Study Group. Keio J Med 1996 Sep;45(3):161-7.
Sata M, Nakano H, Hino T, Kosedo T, Adachi M, Tanikawa K. The relationship between LeY antigen and the therapeutic efficacy of interferon in chronic hepatitis C. Arch Virol Suppl 1993;8:265-9.
Schwicker D, Banz K. Roferon-A in chronic viral hepatitis: treatment, clinical outcomes, cost-effectiveness. New York: P. Lang; 1994. 115 p. (Gesundheit und Okonomie; Bd. 6).
Simsek H, Kadayifci A. Serum interleukin 2 and soluble interleukin 2 receptor in chronic active hepatitis C: effect of interferon therapy. J Int Med Res 1996 May-Jun;24(3):239-45.
Soriano V, Garcia-Samaniego J, Bravo R, Gonzalez J, Castro A, Castilla J, Mtnez-Odriozola P, Colmenero M, Carballo E, Suarez D, Rdez-Pinero FJ, Moreno A, Romero J, Pedreira J, Gonzalez-Lahoz J. Alfa-interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients [abstract]. Conf Retro Opportun Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1;3:84.
Urushihara A, Sodeyama T, Matsumoto A, Tanaka E. Changes in antibody titers to hepatitis C virus following interferon therapy for chronic infection. J Med Virol 1994 Apr;42(4):348-56.
Yokosuka O, Kato N, Hosoda K, Ito Y, Imazeki F, Ohto M, Omata M. Efficacy of longterm interferon treatment in chronic liver disease evaluated by sensitive polymerase chain reaction assay for hepatitis C virus RNA. Gut 1995 Nov;37(5):721-6.
Zuberi SJ, Alam SE, Raza S. Interferon alpha 2a in patients of chronic hepatitis C. JPMA J Pak Med Assoc 1994 Jul;44(7):171-2.
Return to table of contents4. Interferon alpha-2b Therapy for Hepatitis C
a. Randomized Controlled TrialsAngelini G, Sgarbi D, Colombari R, Bezzi A, Castagnini A, de Berardinis F, Conti A, di Piramo D, Dolci L, Falezza G, et al. alpha-Interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a controlled, multicentre, prospective study. Digestion 1995;56(3):199-203.
Attili AF, Natali L, Onori L, Festuccia V, Natali GF. Treatment of type C chronic active hepatitis with interferon-alpha 2a. Treatment duration does not influence biochemical remission but does decrease the relapse rate. J Clin Gastroenterol 1994 Oct;19(3):214-6.
Baudin E, Marcellin P, Pouteau M, Colas-Linhart N, Le Floch JP, Lemmonier C, Benhamou JP, Bok B. Reversibility of thyroid dysfunction induced by recombinant alpha interferon in chronic hepatitis C. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1993 Dec;39(6):657-61.
Benelux multicentre trial of alpha interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C: standard v high dose treatment monitored by biochemical and virological markers (interim analysis). Benelux Multicentre Trial Study Group. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S119-20.
Bonkovsky HL, Clifford BD, Smith LJ, Allan C, Banner B. High-dose interferon-alpha 2b for re-treatment of nonresponders or relapsing patients with chronic hepatitis C. A controlled randomized trial. Dig Dis Sci 1996 Jan;41(1):149-54.
Bresci G, Del Corso L, Romanelli AM, Giuliano G, Pentimone F. The use of recombinant interferon alfa-2b in elderly patients with anti-HCV-positive chronic active hepatitis. J Am Geriatr Soc 1993 Aug;41(8):857-62.
Bresters D, Cuypers HT, Reesink HW, Mauser-Bunschoten EP, van den Berg HM, Schaasberg WP, Wilber JC, Urdea MS, Neuwald P, Lelie PN. Comparison of quantitative cDNA-PCR with the branched DNA hybridization assay for monitoring plasma hepatitis C virus RNA levels in haemophilia patients participating in a controlled interferon trial. J Med Virol 1994 Jul;43(3):262-8.
Budillon G, Cimino L, Del Vecchio Blanco C, Mazzacca G, Iaquinto G, D'Ascoli B, Lampasi F, Di Sapio M, Mattera D, Sapio D [corrected to Di Sapio M], et al. Long-term follow-up evaluation in HCV chronic hepatitis treated with alpha-2b interferon. A comparison of two protocols. Ital J Gastroenterol 1994 Jan-Feb;26(1):16-20. Published erratum appears in Ital J Gastroenterol 1994 May;26(4):186.
Causse X, Godinot H, Chevallier M, Chossegros P, Zoulim F, Ouzan D, Heyraud JP, Fontanges T, Albrecht J, Meschievitz C, et al. Comparison of 1 or 3 MU of interferon alfa-2b and placebo in patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. Gastroenterology 1991 Aug;101(2):497-502.
Colombo M, Lampertico P, Rumi M. Multicentre randomised controlled trial of recombinant interferon alfa-2b in patients with acute non-A, non-B/type C hepatitis after transfusion. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S141.
Coverdale S, Byth K, Field J, Liddle C, Lin R, Farrell GC. Antipyrine clearance and response to interferon treatment in patients with chronic active hepatitis C. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 1):1065-71.
David E, Pucci A, Palladin D, Saracco G, Garello E, Pintus C, Rocca G, Chiandussi L, Solinas A, Mollo F, et al. Histologic changes in liver biopsy specimens produced by recombinant interferon alpha-2b therapy for chronic non-A,non-B viral hepatitis. A randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Pathol 1992 Oct;98(4):397-401.
Davis GL. Recombinant alpha-interferon treatment of non-A, and non-B (type C) hepatitis: review of studies and recommendations for treatment. J Hepatol 1990;11 Suppl 1:S72-7.
Davis GL, Balart LA, Schiff ER, Lindsay K, Bodenheimer HC Jr, Perrillo RP, Carey W, Jacobson IM, Payne J, Dienstag JL, et al. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with recombinant alpha-interferon. A multicentre randomized, controlled trial. The Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group. J Hepatol 1990;11 Suppl 1:S31-5.
Davis GL, Lau JY, Urdea MS, Neuwald PD, Wilber JC, Lindsay K, Perrillo RP, Albrecht J. Quantitative detection of hepatitis C virus RNA with a solid-phase signal amplification method: definition of optimal conditions for specimen collection and clinical application in interferon-treated patients. Hepatology 1994 Jun;19(6):1337-41.
Davis GL, Lindsay K, Albrecht J, Bodenheimer HC Jr, Balart LA, Perrillo RP, Dienstag JL, Tamburro C, Schiff ER, Carey W, et al. Clinical predictors of response to recombinant interferon-alpha treatment in patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis (hepatitis C). The Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group. J Viral Hepat 1994;1(1):55-63.
Di Bisceglie AM, Martin P, Kassianides C, Lisker-Melman M, Goodman Z, Banks SM, Hoofnagle JH. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of recombinant human alpha-interferon therapy for chronic non-A, non-B (type C) hepatitis. J Hepatol 1990;11 Suppl 1:S36-42.
Di Marco V, Iacono OL, Camma C, Almasio PL, Vaccaro A, Fuschi P, Giunta M, Fabiano C, Pagliaro L, Craxi A. A randomized controlled trial of high-dose maintenance interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol 1997 Jan;51(1):17-24.
Esteban R. Is there a role for interferon in acute viral hepatitis? Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S77-80.
Genesca J, Esteban JI, Quer J, Viladomiu LL, Gonzalez A, Esteban R, Guardia J. Hepatitis C virus markers in patients with acute post-transfusion hepatitis treated with interferon alfa-2b. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S62-3.
Gomez-Rubio M, Porres JC, Castillo I, Quiroga JA, Moreno A, Carreno V. Prolonged treatment (18 months) of chronic hepatitis C with recombinant alpha-interferon in comparison with a control group. J Hepatol 1990;11 Suppl 1:S63-7.
Hakozaki Y, Shirahama T, Katou M, Nakagawa K, Oba K, Mitamura K. A controlled study to determine the optimal dose regimen of interferon-alpha 2b in chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 1995 Aug;90(8):1246-9.
Hwang SJ, Chan CY, Lu RH, Wu JC, Lee SD. Randomized controlled trial of recombinant interferon-alpha 2b in the treatment of Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1995 Jul;15(7):611-6.
Hwang SJ, Lee SD, Chan CY, Lu RH, Lo KJ. A randomized controlled trial of recombinant interferon alpha-2b in the treatment of Chinese patients with acute post-transfusion hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1994 Nov;21(5):831-6.
Iino S. High dose interferon treatment in chronic hepatitis C. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S114-8.
Iino S, Hino K, Kuroki T, Suzuki H, Yamamoto S. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with high-dose interferon alpha-2b. A multicenter study. Dig Dis Sci 1993 Apr;38(4):612-8.
Kleter GE, Brouwer JT, Heijtink RA, Schalm SW, Quint WG. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infections during and after therapy with alpha interferon. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993 Mar;37(3):595-7.
Lampertico P, Rumi M, Romeo R, Craxi A, Soffredini R, Biassoni D, Colombo M. A multicenter randomized controlled trial of recombinant interferon-alpha 2b in patients with acute transfusion-associated hepatitis C. Hepatology 1994 Jan;19(1):19-22.
Lau JY, Davis GL, Kniffen J, Qian KP, Urdea MS, Chan CS, Mizokami M, Neuwald PD, Wilber JC. Significance of serum hepatitis C virus RNA levels in chronic hepatitis C. Lancet 1993 Jun 12;341(8859):1501-4. Comment in: Lancet 1993 Aug 14;342(8868):444; Lancet 1993 Nov 6;342(8880):1174-5. Published erratum appears in Lancet 1993 Aug 21;342(8869):504.
Liaw YF, Sheen IS, Lin SM, Chen TJ. Prednisolone withdrawal followed by recombinant alfa-interferon in chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: interim results of a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterol Jpn 1991 Jul;26 Suppl 3:247-50.
Lin R, Liddle C, Farrell GC. Alpha-interferon 2b in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: interim report of the first multicentre Australian trial. Gastroenterol Jpn 1993 May;28 Suppl 5:101-3.
Lin R, Roach E, Zimmerman M, Strasser S, Farrell GC. Interferon alfa-2b for chronic hepatitis C: effects of dose increment and duration of treatment on response rates. Results of the first multicentre Australian trial. Australia Hepatitis C Study Group. J Hepatol 1995 Nov;23(5):487-96.
Lin R, Schoeman MN, Craig PI, Bilous M, Grierson J, McDonald JA, Batey RG, Farrell GC. Can the response to interferon treatment be predicted in patients with chronic active hepatitis C? Aust N Z J Med 1991 Jun;21(3):387-92.
Lindsay KL, Davis GL, Schiff ER, Bodenheimer HC, Balart LA, Dienstag JL, Perrillo RP, Tamburro CH, Goff JS, Everson GT, Silva M, Katkov WN, Goodman Z, Lau JY, Maertens G, Gogate J, Sanghvi B, Albrecht J. Response to higher doses of interferon alfa-2b in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a randomized multicenter trial. Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group. Hepatology 1996 Nov;24(5):1034-40.
Makris M, Preston FE, Triger DR, Underwood JC, Westlake L, Adelman MI. Interferon alfa for chronic hepatitis C in haemophiliacs. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S121-3.
Makris M, Preston FE, Triger DR, Underwood JC, Westlake L, Adelman MI. A randomized controlled trial of recombinant interferon-alpha in chronic hepatitis C in hemophiliacs. Blood 1991 Oct 1;78(7):1672-7.
Marcellin P, Pouteau M, Martinot-Peignoux M, Degos F, Duchatelle V, Boyer N, Lemonnier C, Degott C, Erlinger S, Benhamou JP. Lack of benefit of escalating dosage of interferon alfa in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 1995 Jul;109(1):156-65.
Metreau JM. Results of long term interferon treatment in non A non B/C chronic active hepatitis. The French Group for the study of NANB/C chronic hepatitis treatment. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S112-3.
Pagliaro L, Craxi A, Cammaa C, Tine F, Di Marco V, Lo Iacono O, Almasio P. Interferon-alpha for chronic hepatitis C: an analysis of pretreatment clinical predictors of response. Hepatology 1994 Apr;19(4):820-8.
Perez R, Pravia R, Artimez ML, Giganto F, Rodriguez M, Lombrana JL, Rodrigo L. Clinical efficacy of intramuscular human interferon-beta vs interferon-alpha 2b for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(2):103-6.
Perez R, Pravia R, Linares A, Gonzalez M, Rodriguez M, Lombrana JL, Riestra S, Suarez A, Rodrigo L. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with recombinant interferon alfa-2b for nine months. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S136-8.
Piazza M, Orlando R, Tosone G, Tiseo D, Conte MC, Minervini F, Santoro G, Scordino F, Vitale D. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with recombinant interferon alfa-2b. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S128-9.
Poynard T, Bedossa P, Chevallier M, Mathurin P, Lemonnier C, Trepo C, Couzigou P, Payen JL, Sajus M, Costa JM. A comparison of three interferon alfa-2b regimens for the long-term treatment of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. Multicenter Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995 Jun 1;332(22):1457-62. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1995 Jun 1;332(22):1509-11. Published erratum appears in N Engl J Med 1996 Apr 25;334(17):1143.
Reichen J, Bianchi L, Buhler H, Dolivo N, Gonvers JJ, Lavanchy D, Male PJ, Renner EL, Solioz M, Schmid M, Zimmermann A. Fixed versus titrated interferon-alpha 2B in chronic hepatitis C. A randomized controlled multicenter trial. The Swiss Association for the Study of the Liver. J Hepatol 1996 Sep;25(3):275-82.
Reichen J, Solioz M, Buhler H, Gonvers JJ, Knoblauch M, Lavanchy D, Male PJ, Meyer B, Schmid M, Bianchi L. Low-dose interferon in chronic hepatitis non-A/non-B: effects on quantitative liver function and structure in a randomized, controlled multicenter trial. Clin Investig 1993 Nov;71(11):888-93.
Rolachon A, Kezachian G, Causse X, Baud M, Fournet J, Zarski JP. Interest of higher dose of interferon alpha in non-responder patients with cronic hepatitis C: a prospective randomized study [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):560A.
Saracco G, Rosina F, Abate ML, Chiandussi L, Gallo V, Cerutti E, Di Napoli A, Solinas A, Deplano A, Tocco A, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with different doses of interferon-alpha 2b. Hepatology 1993 Dec;18(6):1300-5.
Saracco G, Rosina F, Torrani Cerenzia MR, Lattore V, Chiandussi L, Gallo V, Petrino R, De Micheli AG, Donegani E, Solinas A, et al. A randomized controlled trial of interferon alfa-2b as therapy for chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. J Hepatol 1990;11 Suppl 1:S43-9.
Schvarcz R, Glaumann H, Weiland O, Norkrans G, Wejstal R, Fryden A. Histological outcome in interferon alpha-2b treated patients with chronic posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis. Liver 1991 Feb;11(1):30-8.
Schvarcz R, Weiland O, Wejstal R, Norkrans G, Fryden A, Foberg U. A randomized controlled open study of interferon alpha-2b treatment of chronic non-A, non-B posttransfusion hepatitis: no correlation of outcome to presence of hepatitis C virus antibodies. Scand J Infect Dis 1989;21(6):617-25.
Sherman KE, Sjogren MH, Creager RL, Freeman S, Lewey S, Root S, Davis D, Weber FL, Ishak K, Goodman ZD. Thymosin alph-1 + interferon combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C: results of a randomized controlled trial [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):402A.
Shiffman ML, Hofmann CM, Luketic VA, Sanyal AJ, Contos MJ, Mills AS. Improved sustained response following treatment of chronic hepatitis C by gradual reduction in the interferon dose. Hepatology 1996 Jul;24(1):21-6.
Shindo M, Di Bisceglie AM, Cheung L, Shih JW, Cristiano K, Feinstone SM, Hoofnagle JH. Decrease in serum hepatitis C viral RNA during alpha-interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Ann Intern Med 1991 Nov 1;115(9):700-4.
Solinas A, Cossu P, Poddighe P, Tocco A, Deplano A, Garrucciu G, Diana MS. Changes of serum 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity during interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Liver 1993 Oct;13(5):253-8.
Takano S, Satomura Y, Omata M. Effects of interferon beta on non-A, non-B acute hepatitis: a prospective, randomized, controlled-dose study. Japan Acute Hepatitis Cooperative Study Group. Gastroenterology 1994 Sep;107(3):805-11.
Tanno H, Fernandez JL, Rendo P, del Pino N, Viola L, Terg R, Perez V. Hepatitis C virus RNA and long-term response to recombinant interferon-alpha 2b in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(2):97-102.
Tarantino G, Morelli L, Falce MT, Schipani G, Liguori C. Therapy of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis with alpha interferon. A comparison between natural and recombinant alpha interferon. Clin Ter 1993 Dec;143(6):489-97.
Tarsetti F, Candelaresi M T, Mosca P, Freddara U, Lorenzini I, Peruzzi E, Venturini C, Novelli G, Cilluffo T, Avenali S, Galeazzi R. Randomized controlled trial of recombinant interferon a-2b (IFN) in chronic hepatitis C [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1995 Apr;108(4 Suppl):A1184.
Tassopoulos NC, Karvountzis G, Touloumi G, Delladetsima JK, Papatheodoridis GV, Katsoulidou A, Retalis G, Hatzakis A. Comparative efficacy of a high or low dose of interferon alpha 2b in chronic hepatitis C: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 1996 Sep;91(9):1734-8.
Terranova R, Luca S. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with recombinant interferon alpha 2b. J Chemother 1992 Oct;4(5):297-302.
Van Thiel DH, Caraceni P, Molloy PJ, Hassanein T, Kania RJ, Gurakar A, Friedlander L. Chronic hepatitis C in patients with normal or near normal alanine aminotransferase levels: the role of interferon alpha 2b therapy. J Hepatol 1995 Nov;23(5):503-8.
Van Thiel DH, Faruki H, Friedlander L, Fagiuoli S, Caraceni P, Molloy PJ, Kania RJ, Wright HI. Combination treatment of advanced HCV associated liver disease with interferon and G-CSF. Hepatogastroenterology 1995 Nov-Dec;42(6):907-12.
Weiland O, Schvarcz R, Wejstal R, Norkrans G, Fryden A. Therapy of chronic post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis with interferon alfa-2b: Swedish experience. J Hepatol 1990;11 Suppl 1:S57-62.
Wejstal R, Norkrans G, Lenkei R, Weiland O, Schvarcz R, Fryden A. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with chronic hepatitis C--effects of interferon treatment. Liver 1992 Aug;12(4 Pt 1):161-7.
b. Other StudiesAppasamy R, Bryant J, Hassanein T, Van Thiel DH, Whiteside TL. Effects of therapy with interferon-alpha on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and NK activity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1994 Dec;73(3):350-7.
Banner BF, Allan C, Smith L, Savas L, Bonkovsky HL. Effect of interferon therapy on bile duct inflammation in hepatitis C. Virchows Arch 1996 Jul;428(4-5):253-9.
Barreca T, Picciotto A, Franceschini R, Varagona G, Garibaldi A, Valle F, Cataldi A, D'Agostino S, Rolandi E. Sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin in males with chronic viral hepatitis during recombinant interferon-alpha 2b therapy. J Interferon Res 1993 Jun;13(3):209-11.
Bellary S, Smith DG, Bankes P, Harris A, Shayiq R, Black M. High dose interferon alpha-2b therapy for chronic hepatitis C: an open label study of the response and predictors of response. Am J Gastroenterol 1995 Feb;90(2):259-62.
Benetti GP, Ramella G, Corbellini A, Lazza M, Rossi U, Macchi R, Vitaliani G, Merlini R. Prolonged treatment of chronic C hepatitis by means of medium-high doses of recombinant alpha-2b interferon: an open study to evaluate response and long-term relapse. Ital J Gastroenterol 1996 Apr;28(3):127-35.
Bjoro K, Krarup H, Bell H, Christophersen P, Evensen S, Froland SS, Laursen A, B v.d. Lippe B, Maeland A, Ranek L, et al. Two dose regimens of recombinant interferon-alpha-2b in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Biochemistry, hepatitis C virus RNA, and liver histology as response indices. Scand J Gastroenterol 1995 Nov;30(11):1119-24.
Bresci G, Parisi G, Banti S, Bertoni M. Therapy of active chronic hepatitis with recombinant alpha 2b-interferon: an 18 month follow-up. Eur J Med 1993 Jun-Jul;2(6):349-52.
Camma C, Almasio P, Craxi A. Interferon as treatment for acute hepatitis C. A meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci 1996 Jun;41(6):1248-55.
Casanovas Taltavull T, Baliellas C, Sese E, Iborra MJ, Benasco C, Andres E, Gonzalez MT, Gil-Vernet S, Casanova A, Casais LA. Interferon may be useful in hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C virus chronic infection who are candidates for kidney transplant. Transplant Proc 1995 Aug;27(4):2229-30.
Casarrubias M, Herrera A, Ortega J. Recombinant interferon alpha (IFN) therapy for chronic hepatitis C, in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection treated with zidovudine (AZT). Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):480 (abstract no. PO-B26-2068).
Cital JL, Villarreal C, Robles M, Torres R, Cano C. Interferon alfa 2-b in 20 patients with HIV+ and concomitant chronic hepatitis B or C. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):353 (abstract no. PO-B08-1306).
Davis GL. Initial results with recombinant interferon alfa-2b in patients with chronic hepatitis C: the United States experience. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S109-11.
De Bac C, Grimaldi F, Clementi C, Duca F, Livoli D, Taliani G. Efficacy of different regimens of interferon alfa-2b treatment in chronic hepatitis C. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S135.
De Conca V, Mesiti S, Vallarino E, Mornese A, Dodero M. Recombinant interferon alfa-2b treatment in chronic non-A, non-B/type C hepatitis. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S126.
Di Costanzo GG, Ascione A, Lanza AG, De Luca M, Bracco A, Lojodice D, Marsilia GM, Ferbo U. Resistance to alpha interferon therapy in HCV chronic liver disease: role of hepatic fibrosis. Ital J Gastroenterol 1996 Apr;28(3):140-6.
Di Marco V, Lo Iacono O, Capra M, Grutta S, Ciaccio C, Gerardi C, Maggio A, Renda D, Almasio P, Pisa R, et al. Alpha interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis C in beta-thalassaemia. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S142-3.
Enomoto N, Sato C, Kurosaki M, Marumo F. Hepatitis C virus after interferon treatment has the variation in the hypervariable region of envelope 2 gene. J Hepatol 1994 Feb;20(2):252-61.
Fong TL, Morgan TR, Phan CG, Hoefs JC. Raising the dose of interferon does not improve the response in chronic hepatitis C. J Clin Gastroenterol 1995 Jan;20(1):42-4.
Garcia-Monzon C, Garcia-Buey L, Garcia-Sanchez A, Pajares JM, Moreno-Otero R. Down-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 on hepatocytes in viral chronic hepatitis treated with interferon alfa-2b. Gastroenterology 1993 Aug;105(2):462-9.
Gerken G, Teuber G, Goergen B, Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH. Interferon-alpha retreatment in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1995;22(1 Suppl):118-21.
Giannelli G, Antonelli G, Fera G, Dianzani F, Schiraldi O. 2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase activity as a responsive marker during interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C. J Interferon Res 1993 Feb;13(1):57-60.
Gonzalez-Peralta RP, Fang JW, Davis GL, Gish RG, Kohara M, Mondelli MU, Urdea MS, Mizokami M, Lau JY. Significance of hepatic expression of hepatitis C viral antigens in chronic hepatitis C. Dig Dis Sci 1995 Dec;40(12):2595-601.
Hakozaki Y, Shirahama T, Katou M, Nakagawa K, Oba K, Yoshii O, Matsumoto T, Kuwabara N, Mitamura K. Long-term prognosis of chronic hepatitis C after treatment with interferon alpha 2b and characterization of incomplete responders. Am J Gastroenterol 1996 Oct;91(10):2144-9.
Hollinger FB, Blatt LM, Tong MJ, Conrad A, Balart L, Pockros P, Bonkovsky HL, Ehrinpreis MN, Lubina J, Consensus Interferon Study Group. Differential response to treatment with consensus interferon (CIFN) and IFN-alpha 2b in chroni HCV ppatients infected with genotype 1a and 1b [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1996 Apr;110(4 Suppl):A1213.
Hoofnagle JH, Lau D. Chronic viral hepatitis--benefits of current therapies [editorial]. N Engl J Med 1996 May 30;334(22):1470-1. Comment on: N Engl J Med 1996 May 30;334(22):1422-7.
Iino S. Interferon therapy in hepatitis C--refractory hepatitis--report of the research subgroup of treatment of chronic hepatitis. Gastroenterol Jpn 1993 Mar;28 Suppl 4:139-42.
Interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients. Spanish Group for Treatment of Hepatitis in HIV+ patients. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):354 (abstract no. PO-B08-1310).
Johnson RJ, Gretch DR, Couser WG, Alpers CE, Wilson J, Chung M, Hart J, Willson R. Hepatitis C virus-associated glomerulonephritis. Effect of alpha-interferon therapy. Kidney Int 1994 Dec;46(6):1700-4.
Kakumu S, Yoshika K, Tanaka K, Higashi Y, Kurokawa S, Hirofuji H, Kusakabe A. Long-term carriage of hepatitis C virus with normal aminotransferase after interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol 1993 Sep;41(1):65-70.
Le X, Zhou X, Dai X. Evaluation of interferon alpha-2b for the treatment of relapsed hepatitis C [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):536A.
Magrin S, Craxi A, Fabiano C, Fiorentino G, Marino L, Almasio P, Pinzello GB, Palazzo U, Vitale M, Maggio A, et al. Serum hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA and response to alpha-interferon in anti-HCV positive chronic hepatitis. J Med Virol 1992 Nov;38(3):200-6.
Manabe N, Chevallier M, Chossegros P, Causse X, Guerret S, Trepo C, Grimaud JA. Interferon-alpha 2b therapy reduces liver fibrosis in chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: a quantitative histological evaluation. Hepatology 1993 Dec;18(6):1344-9.
Molloy PJ, Azzouz M, Van Thiel DH. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C with interferon alfa-2b. Am Fam Physician 1996 Oct;54(5):1598-605.
Nousbaum JB, Pol S, Nalpas B, Landais P, Berthelot P, Brechot C. Hepatitis C virus type 1b (II) infection in France and Italy. Collaborative Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1995 Feb 1;122(3):161-8. Comment in: Ann Intern Med 1995 Feb 1;122(3):227-8.
Peerlinck K, Willems M, Sheng L, Nevens F, Fevery J, Yap SH, Vermylen J. Rapid clearance of hepatitis C virus RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with clotting disorders and chronic hepatitis C treated with alpha-2b interferon is not a predictor for sustained response to treatment. Br J Haematol 1994 Apr;86(4):816-9.
Perez R, Pravia R, Linares A, Rodriguez M, Lombrana JL, Suarez A, Riestra S, Navascues CA, Rodrigo L. Response related factors in recombinant interferon alfa-2b treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S139-40.
Piccinino F, Felaco FM, Aprea L, Messina V, Pasquale G, Sagnelli E. Non responders to interferon therapy among chronic hepatitis patients infected with hepatitis C virus. Arch Virol Suppl 1993;8:257-63.
Pol S, Thiers V, Carnot F, Zins B, Romeo R, Berthelot P, Brechot C. Effectiveness and tolerance of interferon-alpha 2b in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996;11 Suppl 4:58-61.
Reichard O, Foberg U, Fryden A, Mattsson L, Norkrans G, Sonnerborg A, Wejstal R, Yun ZB, Weiland O. High sustained response rate and clearance of viremia in chronic hepatitis C after treatment with interferon-alpha 2b for 60 weeks. Hepatology 1994 Feb;19(2):280-5. Comment in: Hepatology 1996 May;23(5):1287-9.
Reichard O, Glaumann H, Fryden A, Norkrans G, Schvarcz R, Sonnerborg A, Yun ZB, Weiland O. Two-year biochemical, virological, and histological follow-up in patients with chronic hepatitis C responding in a sustained fashion to interferon alfa-2b treatment. Hepatology 1995 Apr;21(4):918-22.
Reichard O, Glaumann H, Norkrans G, Wejstal R, Fryden A, Schvarcz R, Weiland O. Histological outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis C given a 60-week interferon alfa-2b treatment course. Liver 1994 Aug;14(4):169-74.
Reichard O, Glaumann H, Weiland O. Long-term histological outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated repeatedly with interferon alpha-2b without sustained response. Scand J Infect Dis 1994;26(4):383-9.
Rizzetto M, Goldin R, Marcellin P, Farrell F, Bacon B, Mosteller M, Howe I, Sparapani R, Brown N, Wellferon Comparative Study Group. Correlations between virologic and histologic responses in chronic hepatitis C patients: analyses from a large international comparative study of alpha-interferon therapy [abstract]. J Hepatol 1996;25 Suppl 1:57.
Rostaing L, Izopet J, Baron E, Duffaut M, Puel J, Durand D. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with recombinant alpha 2b interferon in kidney transplant recipients: preliminary results and side effects. Transplant Proc 1995 Feb;27(1):948-50.
Rostaing L, Izopet J, Baron E, Duffaut M, Puel J, Durand D. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with recombinant interferon alpha in kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation 1995 May 27;59(10):1426-31.
Saito H, Tsuchimoto K, Miyaguchi S, Tada S, Sawaguchi K, Komatsu K, Kaneko K, Watanabe T, Morizane T, Ishii H. Keio multicenter trial in high-dose interferon-alpha 2b treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Keio Interferon-alpha 2b Study Group. Keio J Med 1996 Sep;45(3):161-7.
Saleh MG, Tibbs CJ, Koskinas J, Pereira LM, Bomford AB, Portmann BC, McFarlane IG, Williams R. Hepatic and extrahepatic hepatitis C virus replication in relation to response to interferon therapy. Hepatology 1994 Dec;20(6):1399-404. Published erratum appears in Hepatology 1995 Mar;21(3):900.
Saracco G, Mesina P, Solinas A, Soranzo M L, Donada W, Gallo V, Spirito G, Mangia A, Andriulli A, Rizzzetto M. Prolonged therapy (2 years) with interferon ALFA-2b for chronic hepatitis C: Comparison between two treatment schedules (3 vs 6 MU) [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1996 Apr;110(4 Suppl):A1311.
Schirren CA, Zachoval R, Schirren CG, Gerbes AL, Pape GR. A role for chronic hepatitis C virus infection in a patient with cutaneous vasculitis, cryoglobulinemia, and chronic liver disease. Effective therapy with interferon-alpha. Dig Dis Sci 1995 Jun;40(6):1221-5.
Shindo M, Di Bisceglie AM, Hoofnagle JH. Acute exacerbation of liver disease during interferon alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 1992 Apr;102(4 Pt 1):1406-8.
Shindo M, Di Bisceglie AM, Hoofnagle JH. Long-term follow-up of patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with alpha-interferon. Hepatology 1992 Jun;15(6):1013-6.
Soriano V, Garcia-Samaniego J, Bravo R, Castro A, Gonzalez J, Mtnez-Odriozola P, Colmenero J, Carballo E, Del Romero J, Pedreira J, et al. Efficacy of interferon for chronic hepatitis C in HIV+ patients. HIV/IFN/HCV Spanish Study Group. Int Conf AIDS 1994 Aug 7-12;10(1):220 (abstract no. PB0310).
Swartz ML. Intron A (interferon-alpha-2b recombinant) for injection/Schering-Plough Corporation. Gastroenterol Nurs 1991 Aug;14(1):40-3.
Szebenyi S, Piliero PJ, Bartholomew C, Bauder G, Mckenna B, Stellrecht K, Ramnes C. Recombinant interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C in patients with HIV infection [abstract]. Conf Retro Opportun Infect 1996 Jan 28-Feb 1;3:84.
Tassopoulos NC, Koutelou MG, Papatheodoridis G, Polychronaki H, Delladetsima I, Giannikakis T, Todoulos A, Toliopoulos A, Hatzakis A. Recombinant human interferon alfa-2b treatment for acute non-A, non-B hepatitis. Gut 1993;34(2 Suppl):S130-2.
Unoki H, Moriyama A, Tabaru A, Masumoto A, Otsuki M. Development of Sjogren's syndrome during treatment with recombinant human interferon-alpha-2b for chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol 1996 Oct;31(5):723-7.
Van Thiel DH, Zhang X, Baddour N, Wright HI, Friedlander L, Gavaler JS. Intrahepatic mononuclear cell populations and MHC antigen expression in patients with chronic hepatitis C [correction of B]: effect of interferon-alpha. Dig Dis Sci 1994 May;39(5):970-6.
Weiland O, Zhang YY, Widell A. Serum HCV RNA levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C given a second course of interferon alpha-2b treatment after relapse following initial treatment. Scand J Infect Dis 1993;25(1):25-30.
Weltman MD, Brotodihardjo A, Crewe EB, Farrell GC, Bilous M, Grierson JM, Liddle C. Coinfection with hepatitis B and C or B, C and delta viruses results in severe chronic liver disease and responds poorly to interferon-alpha treatment. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(1):39-45.
Wilson SE, Lee WM, Murakami C, Weng J, Moninger GA. Mooren-type hepatitis C virus-associated corneal ulceration. Ophthalmology 1994 Apr;101(4):736-45.
Wonke B, Donohue SM, Hoffbrand AV, Scheuer PJ, Brown D, Dusheiko G. Recombinant alpha 2B interferon (IFN) in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C disease in thalassaemia major (TM). Bone Marrow Transplant 1993;12 Suppl 1:24-5.
Wright TL, Combs C, Kim M, Ferrell L, Bacchetti P, Ascher N, Roberts J, Wilber J, Sheridan P, Urdea M. Interferon-alpha therapy for hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation. Hepatology 1994 Oct;20(4 Pt 1):773-9.
Yee HF Jr, Wright TL. Serum ALT: tarnished gold standard for interferon response in hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 1994 Jun;19(6):1531-3.
Yun ZB, Reichard O, Chen M, Lundeberg J, Norkrans G, Fryden A, Sonnerborg A, Weiland O. Serum hepatitis C virus RNA levels in chronic hepatitis C--importance for outcome of interferon alfa-2b treatment. Scand J Infect Dis 1994;26(3):263-70.
Zein NN, Rakela J. Interferon therapy in hepatitis C. Semin Gastrointest Dis 1995 Jan;6(1):46-53.
Zwiener RJ, Fielman BA, Cochran C, Rogers BB, Dawson DB, Timmons CF, Buchanan GR. Interferon-alpha-2b treatment of chronic hepatitis C in children with hemophilia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996 Oct;15(10):906-8.
Return to table of contents5. Lymphoblastoid Interferon or alpha-N1 Therapy for Hepatitis C
a. Randomized Controlled TrialsBardelli F, Messori A, Rampazzo R, Alberti A, Martini N. Effect of recombinant or lymphoblastoid interferon alpha on alanine aminotransferase in patients with chronic non-A non-B hepatitis. A meta-analysis. Clin Drug Invest 1995 May;9(5):239-54.
Benhamou JP, Hopf U, Rizzetto M, Sanchez Tapias JM, Braconier JH, Buhler H. Non-A , Non-B (C) Study Group. A randomised, double-blind, controlled, multicentre study of human lymphoblastoid interferon in the treatment of adults with chronic non A and non B (C) hepatitis [abstract]. J Hepatol 1995;23 Suppl 1:173.
Camps J, Castilla A, Ruiz J, Civeira MP, Prieto J. Randomised trial of lymphoblastoid alpha-interferon in chronic hepatitis C. Effects on inflammation, fibrogenesis and viremia. J Hepatol 1993 Mar;17(3):390-6.
Castilla A, Camps-Bansell J, Civeira MP, Prieto J. Lymphoblastoid alpha-interferon for chronic hepatitis C: a randomized controlled study. Am J Gastroenterol 1993 Feb;88(2):233-9.
Chayama K, Arase Y, Koida I, Tsubota A, Saitoh S, Ikeda K, Matsumoto T, Kanda M, Iwasaki S, Kobayashi M, et al. Antiviral effect of lymphoblastoid interferon-alpha on hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic hepatitis type C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1994 Mar-Apr;9(2):128-33.
Chayama K, Tsubota A, Kobayashi M, Hashimoto M, Miyano Y, Koike H, Kobayashi M, Koida I, Arase Y, Saitoh S, Murashima N, Ikeda K, Kumada H. A pilot study of corticosteroid priming for lymphoblastoid interferon alfa in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1996 May;23(5):953-7.
de Alava E, Camps J, Pardo-Mindan J, Garcia-Granero M, Munoz M, Sola J, Civeira MP, Contreras F, Vazquez JJ, Castilla A, et al. Histological outcome of chronic hepatitis C treated with a 12-month course of lymphoblastoid alfa interferon. Liver 1993 Apr;13(2):73-9.
Enriquez J, Torras X, Miralles F, Martinez Cerezo FJ, Sancho Poch FJ, Buenestado J, Madoz P, Howe I, Vilardell F. Comparative study of two high doses of lymphoblastoid interferon in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: influence on the levels of ALT, viraemia and histologic activity. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(4):181-7.
Gordon SC, Everson G, McHutchison JG, Reinus J, Regenstein F, Kaplan MM, Koff RS, Fedorczyk, Plasse T. Natural alfa interferon (alferon N) treatment of chronic hepatitis C in patients refractory to recombinant interferon alfa 2B [abstract]. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 2 ):117A.
Hopf U, Berg T, Konig V, Kuther S, Heuft HG, Lobeck H. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon alpha: long-term follow-up and prognostic relevance of HCV genotypes. J Hepatol 1996;24(2 Suppl):67-73.
Ideo G, Bellobuono A, Mondazzi L, Tempini S, Bellati G, Ideo GM, Silini E. Alpha interferon treatment in chronic hepatitis C. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995 Nov-Dec;13 Suppl 13:S167-73.
Iorio R, Pensati P, Porzio S, Fariello I, Guida S, Vegnente A. Lymphoblastoid interferon alfa treatment in chronic hepatitis C. Arch Dis Child 1996 Feb;74(2):152-6.
Jacyna MR, Brooks MG, Loke RH, Main J, Murray-Lyon IM, Thomas HC. Randomised controlled trial of interferon alfa (lymphoblastoid interferon) in chronic non-A non-B hepatitis. BMJ 1989 Jan 14;298(6666):80-2.
Kagawa T, Morizane T, Saito H, Miyaguchi S, Tsunematsu S, Tada S, Guevara FM, Kumagai N, Tsuchimoto K, Watanabe T, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of weekly administration of lymphoblastoid interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1993 Jan;17(1):91-6.
Marcellin P, Hopf U, Trepo C, et al. A randomised, double-blind, controlled, multicentre study of lymphoblastoid interferon alpha n-1 in the treatment of adults with chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol. Forthcoming 1997.
Mazzella G, Salzetta A, Casanova S, Morelli MC, Villanova N, Miniero R, Sottili S, Novelli V, Cipolla A, Festi D, et al. Treatment of chronic sporadic-type non-A, non-B hepatitis with lymphoblastoid interferon: gamma GT levels predictive for response. Dig Dis Sci 1994 Apr;39(4):866-70.
Pagliaro L, Craxi A, Cammaa C, Tine F, Di Marco V, Lo Iacono O, Almasio P. Interferon-alpha for chronic hepatitis C: an analysis of pretreatment clinical predictors of response. Hepatology 1994 Apr;19(4):820-8.
Picciotto A, Callea F, Varagona G, Bardellini E, Borzone S, De Conca V, Vallarino E, Giudici-Cipriani A, Vitali A, Grasso A, et al. Lymphoblastoid interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C: biochemical, virological and histological evaluation of two different doses. Liver 1995 Feb;15(1):20-4.
Rumi M, Del Ninno E, Parravicini ML, Romeo R, Soffredini R, Donato MF, Wilber J, Russo A, Colombo M. A prospective, randomized trial comparing lymphoblastoid to recombinant interferon alfa 2a as therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1996 Dec;24(6):1366-70.
Saito T, Shinzawa H, Kuboki M, Ishibashi M, Toda H, Okuyama Y, Nakamura T, Yamada N, Wakabayashi H, Togashi H, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of human lymphoblastoid interferon in patients with compensated type C cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 1994 May;89(5):681-6. Comment in: Am J Gastroenterol 1995 Apr;90(4):678-9.
Tine F, Magrin S, Craxi A, Pagliaro L. Interferon for non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis. A meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. J Hepatol 1991 Sep;13(2):192-9.
b. Other StudiesBeloqui O, Prieto J, Suarez M, Gil B, Qian CH, Garcia N, Civeira MP. N-acetyl cysteine enhances the response to interferon-alpha in chronic hepatitis C: a pilot study. J Interferon Res 1993 Aug;13(4):279-82.
Budillon G, Cimino L, D'Ascoli B, Napolitano PV. Lymphoblastoid interferon in chronic hepatitis C patients who were non responders to recombinant interferon alpha (rIFN alpha). Arch Virol Suppl 1993;8:249-55.
Camps J, Garcia-Granero M, Riezu-Boj JI, Larrea E, de Alava E, Civeira MP, Castilla A, Prieto J. Prediction of sustained remission of chronic hepatitis C after a 12-month course of alfa interferon. J Hepatol 1994 Jul;21(1):4-11. Comment in: J Hepatol 1994 Jul;21(1):1-3.
Chayama K, Tsubota A, Arase Y, Saitoh S, Ikeda K, Matsumoto T, Sakai Y, Kobayashi M, Morinaga T, Kumada H. Effect of lymphoblastoid alfa-interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C having different genotypic subtype of hepatitis C virus. Gastroenterol Jpn 1993 May;28 Suppl 5:45-7.
Hayashi J, Kishihara Y, Tani Y, Yamaji K, Nakashima K, Ikematsu H, Kashiwagi S. Effectiveness of relative low-dose interferon treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 1994 Jul;85(7):211-8.
Ide T, Sata M, Suzuki H, Murashima S, Miyajima I, Shirachi M, Tanikawa K. Evaluation of interferon treatment in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1996 Jun;70(6):597-604.
Jirillo E, Greco B, Caradonna L, Satalino R, Amati L, Cozzolongo R, Cuppone R, Manghisi OG. Immunological effects following administration of interferon-alpha in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (cHCV) infection. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1996 Aug;18(3):355-74.
Piccinino F, Felaco FM, Aprea L, Messina V, Pasquale G, Sagnelli E. Non responders to interferon therapy among chronic hepatitis patients infected with hepatitis C virus. Arch Virol Suppl 1993;8:257-63.
Provenzano G, Almasio P, Fabiano C, Magrin S, Pinzello G, Vaccaro A, Craxi A. Interferon and steroid treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C and antinuclear or anti-liver-kidney microsomal antibodies. Ital J Gastroenterol 1996 Sep;28(7):377-80.
Rizzetto M, Goldin R, Marcellin P, Farrell F, Bacon B, Mosteller M, Howe I, Sparapani R, Brown N, Wellferon Comparative Study Group. Correlations between virologic and histologic responses in chronic hepatitis C patients: analyses from a large international comparative study of alpha-interferon therapy [abstract]. J Hepatol 1996;25 Suppl 1:57.
Roffi L, Mels GC, Antonelli G, Bellati G, Panizzuti F, Piperno A, Pozzi M, Ravizza D, Angeli G, Dianzani F, et al. Breakthrough during recombinant interferon alfa therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: prevalence, etiology, and management. Hepatology 1995 Mar;21(3):645-9.
Simon DM, Gordon SC, Kaplan MM, Koff RS, Regenstein F, Everson G, Lee YM, Weiner F, Silverman A, Plasse T, Fedorczyk D, Liao MJ. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon alpha-n3: a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial. Hepatology 1997 Feb;25(2):445-8.
Simon DM, Gordon SC, Kaplan MM, Koff RS, Regenstein F, Everson G, Weiner F, Plasse T, Fedorczyk D. Natural alfa interferon (alferon N) treatment of chronic hepatitis C in patients refractory to recombinant alfa 2B [abstract]. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 2):117A.
Weiland O. Interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. FEMS Microbiol Rev 1994 Jul;14(3):279-88.
Zoon KC, Miller D, Bekisz J, zur Nedden D, Enterline JC, Nguyen NY, Hu RQ. Purification and characterization of multiple components of human lymphoblastoid interferon-alpha. J Biol Chem 1992 Jul 25;267(21):15210-6.
Return to table of contents6. Consensus Interferon Trials and Studies for Hepatitis C
Blatt LM, Davis JM, Klein SB, Taylor MW. The biologic activity and molecular characterization of a novel synthetic interferon-alpha species, consensus interferon. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1996 Jul;16(7):489-99.
Blatt LM, Hollinger FB, Tong MJ, Reddy KR, Lee WM, Pockros PJ, Hoefs JC, Keeffe E, Heathcote JL, White H, Foust RT, Jensen DM, Krawitt EL, Fromm H, Black M, Klein M, Lubina J, Manyak C, CIFN Study Group. A phase 3 study for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection with consensus interferon (CIFN) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Diseases; 1996 Apr 21-25; Rome, Italy. [place unknown]: [publisher unknown];1996. p. 26.
Blatt LM, Klein SB, Taylpr MW, Tong M. Differential biological properties of consensus interferon compared to interferon a 2 may lead to differential clinical responses in the treatment of chronic HCV infection [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):274A.
Heathcote J, Keeffe E, Lee S, Feinman S, Tong M, Consensus Interferon Study Group. Retreatment of chronic HCV infection with a higher dose (15ug) of consensus interferon (CIFN) produces sustained responses in nonresponders and relapsers [abstract]. Gastroenterology. Forthcoming 1997.
Hollinger FB, Blatt LM, Tong MJ, Conrad A, Balart L, Pockros P, Bonkovsky HL, Ehrinpreis MN, Lubina J, Consensus Interferon Study Group. Differential response to treatment with consensus interferon (CIFN) and IFN-alpha 2b in chroni HCV ppatients infected with genotype 1a and 1b [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1996 Apr;110(4 Suppl):A1213.
Jensen DM, Blatt LM, Tong MJ, Lee Wm, Mullen K, Hoefs JC, Keeffe E, Hollinger FB, Healthcote EJ, White H, Foust RT, Krawitt EL, Fromm H, Black M, Albert D, Gerrrard T, Consensus Interferon Study Group. Treatment of high viral titer chronic HCV patients with consensus interferon (CIFN) results in a significantly greater number of sustained HCV RNA responders as compared to treatment with interferon alpha-2b [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):275A.
Keeffe E, Blatt LM, Dusheiko G, Tong MJ, Holinger FB, James S, Mullen K, Everson G, Pimstone N, Heathcote EJ, Donovan J, Conrad A, Schmid P, Albert D, Gerrard T, Consensus Interferon Study Group. Differential response to treatment with consensus interferon (CIFN) and IFN alpha-2b in chronic HCV patients infected with different HCV serotypes [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):275A.
Krawitt EL, Blatt Lm, Tong MJ, Lee WM, Mullen K, Hoefs JC, Keefe E, hollinger FB, Heathcote EJ, White H, Foust RT, Jensen DM, Fromm H, Black M, Albert D, Gerrard T, Consensus Intereron Study Group. Biochemical and virological response to consensus interferon (CIFN) in low viral titer chronic HCV patients [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 pt 2):534A.
Pockros PJ, Tong MJ, Lee WM, van Leuwen DJ, Keeffe E, Bala K, Killenberg PG, Fouist RT, Rosenblate HJ, Pahyne KM, Fromm H, Lesesne HR, Black M, Snyder R, Gerrard T, Conrad A, Blatt LM, Consensus Interferon Study Group. Relationship between biochemical and virological respose to type 1 interferon therapy of chronic HCV infection [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):155A.
Tong MJ, Blatt LM, Resser K, Klein M, Figuero TA. Treatment of patients with chronic HCV infection with a novel type-1 interferon, consensus interferon [abstract]. Hepatology 1993 Oct;18(4 Pt 2):150A.
Return to table of contents7. Ribavirin Alone or with Interferon Therapies for Hepatitis C
a. Randomized Controlled TrialsAndreone P, Gramenzi A, Cursaro C, Di Giammarino L, Fiorino S, Scrivano P, D'Errico A, Miniero R, Bernardi M, Gasbarrini G. A randomized controlled trial of IFN alpha + ketoprofen or IFN-alpha + ribavirin in HCV chronic active hepatitis (CAH) non-responder to IFN-alpha alone [abstract]. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 2):119A.
Brillanti S, Garson J, Foli M, Whitby K, Deaville R, Masci C, Miglioli M, Barbara L. A pilot study of combination therapy with ribavirin plus interferon alfa for interferon alfa-resistant chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 1994 Sep;107(3):812-7.
Brillanti S, Miglioli M, Barbara L. Combination antiviral therapy with ribavirin and interferon alfa in interferon alfa relapsers and non-responders: Italian experience. J Hepatol 1995;23 Suppl 2:13-5; discussion 15-6.
Chemello L, Cavalletto L, Bernardinello E, Guido M, Pontisso P, Alberti A. The effect of interferon alfa and ribavirin combination therapy in naive patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1995;23 Suppl 2:8-12.
Clarysse C, Van den Eynde C, Nevens F, Portier C, Aelbrecht N, Fevery J, Yap SH. Genotype, serum level of HCV-RNA and response to interferon-alpha treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Neth J Med 1995 Dec;47(6):265-71.
Di Bisceglie AM, Conjeevaram HS, Fried MW, Sallie R, Park Y, Yurdaydin C, Swain M, Kleiner DE, Mahaney K, Hoofnagle JH. Ribavirin as therapy for chronic hepatitis C. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1995 Dec 15;123(12):897-903.
Dusheiko G, Main J, Thomas H, Reichard O, Lee C, Dhillon A, Rassam S, Fryden A, Reesink H, Bassendine M, Norkrans G, Cuypers T, Lelie N, Telfer P, Watson J, Weegink C, Sillikens P, Weiland O. Ribavirin treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C: results of a placebo-controlled study. J Hepatol 1996 Nov;25(5):591-8.
Lai MY, Kao JH, Yang PM, Wang JT, Chen PJ, Chan KW, Chu JS, Chen DS. Long-term efficacy of ribavirin plus interferon alfa in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 1996 Nov;111(5):1307-12.
Reichard O, Norkrans G, Fryden A, Braconier HG, Alaeus A, Glaumann H, Schvarcz R, Sonnenborg A, Weistal R, Weiland O. Interferon-alpha and rivavirin versus interferon-alpha alone as therapy for chronic hepatitis C. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):356A.
Schvarcz R, Ando Y, Sonnerborg A, Weiland O. Combination treatment with interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C in patients who have failed to achieve sustained response to interferon alone: Swedish experience. J Hepatol 1995;23 Suppl 2:17-21.
Schvarcz R, Glaumann H, Weiland O, Norkrans G, Wejstal R, Fryden A. Interferon alpha-2b treatment of chronic posttransfusion non-A, non-B/C hepatitis: long-term outcome and effect of increased interferon doses in non-responders. Scand J Infect Dis 1991;23(4):413-20.
b. Other StudiesBizollon T, Adahm M, Ducerf C, Baulieux J, Trepo C. New approaches to treatment of recurrent hepatitis C virus following liver transplantation using ribavirin. Transplant Proc 1996 Oct;28(5):2842-3.
Bizollon T, Palazzo U, Chevallier M, Ducerf C, Trepo C. HCV recurrence after OLT: a pilot study of ribavirin therapy following initial combination with IFN [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):293A.
Braconier JH, Paulsen O, Engman K, Widell A. Combined alpha-interferon and ribavirin treatment in chronic hepatitis C: a pilot study. Scand J Infect Dis 1995;27(4):325-9.
Camps J, Garcia N, Riezu-Boj JI, Civeira MP, Prieto J. Ribavirin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C unresponsive to alfa interferon. J Hepatol 1993 Nov;19(3):408-12.
Cattral MS, Krajden M, Wanless IR, Rezig M, Cameron R, Greig PD, Chung SW, Levy GA. A pilot study of ribavirin therapy for recurrent hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation. Transplantation 1996 May 27;61(10):1483-8.
Di Bisceglie AM, Bacon BR, Kleiner DE, Hoofnagle JH. Increase in hepatic iron stores following prolonged therapy with ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1994 Dec;21(6):1109-12.
Di Bisceglie AM, Shindo M, Fong TL, Fried MW, Swain MG, Bergasa NV, Axiotis CA, Waggoner JG, Park Y, Hoofnagle JH. A pilot study of ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1992 Sep;16(3):649-54.
Gane EJ, Tibbs CJ, Ramage JK, Portmann BC, Williams R. Ribavirin therapy for hepatitis C infection following liver transplantation. Transpl Int 1995;8(1):61-4.
Heathcote J. Hepatitis C: ribavirin and/or interferon? Rev Gastroenterol Mex 1996 Oct-Dec;61(4 Suppl 2):S71-5.
Hoofnagle JH, Lau D, Conjeevaram H, Kleiner D, Bisceglie AM. Prolonged therapy of chronic hepatitis C with ribavirin. J Viral Hepat 1996 Sep;3(5):247-52.
James DG. Ribavirin for hepatitis C infection. Postgrad Med J 1995 Feb;71(832):120.
Kakumu S, Yoshioka K, Wakita T, Ishikawa T, Takayanagi M, Higashi Y. A pilot study of ribavirin and interferon beta for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 1993 Aug;105(2):507-12.
Koskinas J, Tibbs C, Saleh MG, Pereira LM, McFarlane IG, Williams R. Effects of ribavirin on intrahepatic and extrahepatic expression of hepatitis C virus in interferon nonresponsive patients. J Med Virol 1995 Jan;45(1):29-34.
Ljungman P, Andersson J, Aschan J, Bjorkstrand B, Hagglund H, Lonnqvist B, Ringden O, Winiarski J. Oral ribavirin for prevention of severe liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus during allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 1996 Jul;23(1):167-9.
Ning Q, Brown D, Parodo J, Cattral M, Fung L, Liiu M, Rotstein O, Levy G. Ribavirin inhibits viral induced macrophage production of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1 and procoagulant activity and preserves TH1 cytokine production, but inhibits TH2 cytokine response [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):355A.
Patterson JL, Fernandez-Larsson R. Molecular mechanisms of action of ribavirin. Rev Infect Dis 1990 Nov-Dec;12(6):1139-46.
Reichard O. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 1994;95:1-56.
Reichard O, Andersson J, Schvarcz R, Weiland O. Ribavirin treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Lancet 1991 May 4;337(8749):1058-61. Comment in: Lancet 1991 Aug 10;338(8763):390-1.
Reichard O, Yun ZB, Sonnerborg A, Weiland O. Hepatitis C viral RNA titers in serum prior to, during, and after oral treatment with ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol 1993 Oct;41(2):99-102.
Schvarcz R, Yun ZB, Sonnerborg A, Weiland O. Combined treatment with interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C in patients with a previous non-response or non-sustained response to interferon alone. J Med Virol 1995 May;46(1):43-7.
Scotto G, Ferrara S, Mangano A, Conte PE, Tantimonaco G. Treatment with ribavirin+alpha interferon in HCV chronic active hepatitis non-responders to interferon alone: preliminary results. J Chemother 1995 Feb;7(1):58-61.
Tong MJ, Hwang SJ, Lefkowitz M, Lee SD, Co RL, Conrad A, Schmid P, Lo KJ. Correlation of serum HCV RNA and alanine aminotransferase levels in chronic hepatitis C patients during treatment with ribavirin. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1994 Nov-Dec;9(6):587-91.
Trepo C, Bailly F, Bizollon T. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C: another therapeutic option. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996;11 Suppl 4:62-4.
Return to table of contents8. Interferon beta and Other Interferon and Combination Drug Therapies for Hepatitis C
a. Randomized Controlled TrialsAndreone P, Gramenzi A, Cursaro C, Di Giammarino L, Fiorino S, Scrivano P, D'Errico A, Miniero R, Bernardi M, Gasbarrini G. A randomized controlled trial of IFN alpha + ketoprofen or IFN-alpha + ribavirin in HCV chronic active hepatitis (CAH) non-responder to IFN-alpha alone [abstract]. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 2):119A.
Casanova RL, Gitlin N. Treatments for hepatitis C: refinements in the recipe? Am J Gastroenterol 1995 Nov;90(11):2065-6.
Chayama K, Tsubota A, Kobayashi M, Hashimoto M, Miyano Y, Koike H, Kobayashi M, Koida I, Arase Y, Saitoh S, Murashima N, Ikeda K, Kumada H. A pilot study of corticosteroid priming for lymphoblastoid interferon alfa in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1996 May;23(5):953-7.
Izzo CM, Buonocore S, De Sena R, Manzillo E, Maio G, Manzillo G. Treatment of chronic hepatitis by HCV with association of beta-interferon and zidovudine in patients (pts) HIV positive. Int Conf AIDS 1993 Jun 6-11;9(1):174 (abstract no. PO-A13-0238).
Kiyosawa K, Sodeyama T, Nakano Y, Yoda H, Tanaka E, Hayata T, Tsuchiya K, Yousuf M, Furuta S. Treatment of chronic non-A non-B hepatitis with human interferon beta: a preliminary study. Antiviral Res 1989 Oct;12(3):151-61.
Liaw YF, Sheen IS, Lin SM, Chen TJ, Chu CM. Effects of prednisolone pretreatment in interferon alfa therapy for patients with chronic non-A, non-B (C) hepatitis. Liver 1993 Feb;13(1):46-50.
Omata M, Yokosuka O, Takano S, Kato N, Hosoda K, Imazeki F, Tada M, Ito Y, Ohto M. Resolution of acute hepatitis C after therapy with natural beta interferon. Lancet 1991 Oct 12;338(8772):914-5.
Perez R, Pravia R, Artimez ML, Giganto F, Rodriguez M, Lombrana JL, Rodrigo L. Clinical efficacy of intramuscular human interferon-beta vs interferon-alpha 2b for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(2):103-6.
Saez-Royuela F, Porres JC, Moreno A, Castillo I, Martinez G, Galiana F, Carreno V. High doses of recombinant alpha-interferon or gamma-interferon for chronic hepatitis C: a randomized, controlled trial. Hepatology 1991 Feb;13(2):327-31.
Sherman KE, Sjogren MH, Creager RL, Freeman S, Lewey S, Root S, Davis D, Weber FL, Ishak K, Goodman ZD. Thymosin alph-1 + interferon combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C: results of a randomized controlled trial [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):402A.
Terranova R, Luca S. Preliminary results of beta-interferon treatment in the elderly. Control Clin Trials 1996 Apr;17(2):123-9.
Villa E, Trande P, Grottola A, Buttafoco P, Rebecchi AM, Stroffolini T, Callea F, Merighi A, Camellini L, Zoboli P, Cosenza R, Miglioli L, Loria P, Iori R, Carulli N, Manenti F. Alpha but not beta interferon is useful in chronic active hepatitis due to hepatitis C virus. A prospective, double-blind, randomized study. Dig Dis Sci 1996 Jun;41(6):1241-7.
b. Other StudiesAndreone P, Cursaro C, Gramenzi A, Buzzi A, Miniero R, Sprovieri G, Gasbarrini G. Indomethacin enhances serum 2'5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in patients with hepatitis B and C virus chronic active hepatitis. J Hepatol 1994 Dec;21(6):984-8.
Angelico M, Gandin C, Pescarmona E, Rapicetta M, Del Vecchio C, Bini A, Spada E, Baroni CD, Capocaccia L. Recombinant interferon-alpha and ursodeoxycholic acid versus interferon-alpha alone in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomized clinical trial with long-term follow-up. Am J Gastroenterol 1995 Feb;90(2):263-9.
Arao M, Kakumu S, Tahara H, Yoshioka K, Sakamoto N. Interferon alpha and gamma positive mononuclear cells and HLA antigen expression on hepatocyte membrane in the liver in chronic type B and non-A, non-B hepatitis. Gastroenterol Jpn 1989 Jun;24(3):255-61.
Boucher E, Jouanolle H, Andre P, Ruffault A, Guyader D, Moirand R, Turlin B, Jacquelinet C, Brissot P, Deugnier Y. Interferon and ursodeoxycholic acid combined therapy in the treatment of chronic viral C hepatitis: results from a controlled randomized trial in 80 patients. Hepatology 1995 Feb;21(2):322-7.
Carreno V, Parra A, Navas S, Quiroga JA. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stumulating factor as adjuvant therapy for factor as adjuvant therapy for interferon alpha treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Cytokine 1996 Apr;8(4):318-22.
Fujisawa K. Interferon therapy in hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced chronic hepatitis: clinical significance of pretreatment with glycyrhizine. Trop Gastroenterol 1991 Oct-Dec;12(4):176-9.
Kobayashi Y, Watanabe S, Konishi M, Yokoi M, Kakehashi R, Kaito M, Kondo M, Hayashi Y, Jomori T, Suzuki S. Quantitation and typing of serum hepatitis C virus RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon-beta. Hepatology 1993 Dec;18(6):1319-25.
Miyajima I, Sata M, Uchimura Y, Ide T, Suzuki H, Tanikawa K. Sequential interferon-alpha and beta treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1996 Jul;70(7):690-5.
Nagai Y, Ohsawa K, Ieki Y, Kobayashi K. Effect of interferon-beta on thyroid function in patients of chronic hepatitis C without preexisting autoimmune thyroid disease. Endocr J 1996 Oct;43(5):545-9.
Provenzano G, Almasio P, Fabiano C, Magrin S, Pinzello G, Vaccaro A, Craxi A. Interferon and steroid treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C and antinuclear or anti-liver-kidney microsomal antibodies. Ital J Gastroenterol 1996 Sep;28(7):377-80.
Saito H, Ebinuma H, Tada S, Tsunematsu S, Atsukawa K, Masuda T, Tsuchiya M, Ishii H. Enhancing effect of the liver extract and flavin adenin dinucleotide mixture on anti-viral efficacy of interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Keio J Med 1996 Mar;45(1):48-53.
Saitoh Y, Miura M, Niitsuma H, Numata N, Ohori H, Ishii M, Toyota T. Changes of serum hepatitis C virus levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with two courses of interferon administration. Tohoku J Exp Med 1994 Aug;173(4):361-9.
Tsutsumi M, Takada A, Sawada M. Efficacy of combination therapy with interferon and azidothymidine in chronic type C hepatitis: a pilot study. J Gastroenterol 1995 Aug;30(4):485-92.
Tsutsumi M, Takada A, Takase S, Sawada M. Effects of combination therapy with interferon and ofloxacin on chronic type C hepatitis: a pilot study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996 Nov;11(11):1006-11.
Return to table of contents9. Side Effects of Interferon Therapies for Hepatitis C
Baudin E, Marcellin P, Pouteau M, Colas-Linhart N, Le Floch JP, Lemmonier C, Benhamou JP, Bok B. Reversibility of thyroid dysfunction induced by recombinant alpha interferon in chronic hepatitis C. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1993 Dec;39(6):657-61.
Bernstein D, Reddy KR, Jeffers L, Schiff E. Canities and vitiligo complicating interferon therapy for hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 1995 Jul;90(7):1176-7.
D'Amico E, Paroli M, Fratelli V, Palazzi C, Barnaba V, Callea F, Consoli G. Primary biliary cirrhosis induced by interferon-alpha therapy for hepatitis C virus infection. Dig Dis Sci 1995 Oct;40(10):2113-6.
di Cesare E, Previti M, Russo F, Brancatelli S, Ingemi MC, Scoglio R, Mazzu N, Cucinotta D, Raimondo G. Interferon-alpha therapy may induce insulin autoantibody development in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 1996 Aug;41(8):1672-7.
Dourakis SP, Deutsch M, Hadziyannis SJ. Immune thrombocytopenia and alpha-interferon therapy. J Hepatol 1996 Dec;25(6):972-5.
Duche A, Decocq G, Capron-Chivrac D, Andrejak M. [Evaluation of side effects of interferon-alpha in 72 patients treated for chronic active hepatitis C]. Therapie 1995 Sep-Oct;50(5):419-23. (Fre).
Fattovich G, Giustina G, Favarato S, Ruol A. A survey of adverse events in 11,241 patients with chronic viral hepatitis treated with alfa interferon. J Hepatol 1996 Jan;24(1):38-47.
Imagawa A, Itoh N, Hanafusa T, Oda Y, Waguri M, Miyagawa J, Kono N, Kuwajima M, Matsuzawa Y. Autoimmune endocrine disease induced by recombinant interferon-alpha therapy for chronic active type C hepatitis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 Mar;80(3):922-6.
Itoh H, Nakata H, Yokoya Y, Nakashima S, Yamanishi T, Hara T, Kawai J, Miyamoto H, Higashi K, Nishioka S. Efficacy and side effects of intermittent recombinant interferon-alpha 2a in chronic aggressive hepatitis C: with or without initial daily administration. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996 Aug;11(8):718-23.
Janssen HL, Brouwer JT, van der Mast RC, Schalm SW. Suicide associated with alfa-interferon therapy for chronic viral hepatitis. J Hepatol 1994 Aug;21(2):241-3.
Kawano T, Shigehira M, Uto H, Nakama T, Kato J, Hayashi K, Maruyama T, Kuribayashi T, Chuman T, Futami T, Tsubouchi H. Retinal complications during interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 1996 Feb;91(2):309-13.
Kodama T, Katabami S, Kamijo K, Katanuma A, Yamashita K, Azuma N, Tamaki T, Yachi A. Development of transient thyroid disease and reaction during treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon. J Gastroenterol 1994 Jun;29(3):289-92.
Lisker-Melman M, Di Bisceglie AM, Usala SJ, Weintraub B, Murray LM, Hoofnagle JH. Development of thyroid disease during therapy of chronic viral hepatitis with interferon alfa. Gastroenterology 1992 Jun;102(6):2155-60.
Maeda T, Onishi S, Miura T, Iwamura S, Tomita A, Saibara T, Yamamoto Y. Exacerbation of primary biliary cirrhosis during interferon-alpha 2b therapy for chronic active hepatitis C. Dig Dis Sci 1995 Jun;40(6):1226-30.
Malaguarnera M, Pistone G, Trovato BA, Siciliano R, Marletta C, Motta M, Restuccia S, Marletta F. Mapped auditory evoked potentials before and after interferon treatment. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1996 Jun;16(6):441-6.
Marcellin P, Pouteau M, Renard P, Grynblat JM, Colas Linhart N, Bardet P, Bok B, Benhamou JP. Sustained hypothyroidism induced by recombinant alpha interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gut 1992 Jun;33(6):855-6. Comment in: Gut 1993 Apr;34(4):574.
Mayet WJ, Hess G, Gerken G, Rossol S, Voth R, Manns M, Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH. Treatment of chronic type B hepatitis with recombinant alpha-interferon induces autoantibodies not specific for autoimmune chronic hepatitis. Hepatology 1989 Jul;10(1):24-8.
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Murakami T, Masumoto T, Michitaka K, Horiike N, Hino H, Okada S, Kitai K, Onji M. Prediction of interferon-alpha-induced thyroid dysfunction in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995 Sep-Oct;10(5):528-31.
Nagao Y, Sata M, Ide T, Suzuki H, Tanikawa K, Itoh K, Kameyama T. Development and exacerbation of oral lichen planus during and after interferon therapy for hepatitis C. Eur J Clin Invest 1996 Dec;26(12):1171-4.
Nagayama Y, Ohta K, Tsuruta M, Takeshita A, Kimura H, Hamasaki K, Ashizawa K, Nakata K, Yokoyama N, Nagataki S. Exacerbation of thyroid autoimmunity by interferon alpha treatment in patients with chronic viral hepatitis: our studies and review of the literature. Endocr J 1994 Oct;41(5):565-72.
Nakagawa A, Yamaguchi T, Takao T, Amano H. [Five cases of drug-induced pneumonitis due to Sho-saiko-to or interferon-alpha or both]. Nippon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1995 Dec;33(12):1361-6. (Jpn).
Okanoue T, Sakamoto S, Itoh Y, Minami M, Yasui K, Sakamoto M, Nishioji K, Katagishi T, Nakagawa Y, Tada H, Sawa Y, Mizuno M, Kagawa K, Kashima K. Side effects of high-dose interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1996 Sep;25(3):283-91.
Perrillo R, Tamburro C, Regenstein F, Balart L, Bodenheimer H, Silva M, Schiff E, Bodicky C, Miller B, Denham C, et al. Low-dose, titratable interferon alfa in decompensated liver disease caused by chronic infection with hepatitis B virus. Gastroenterology 1995 Sep;109(3):908-16.
Shakil AO, Di Bisceglie AM, Hoofnagle JH. Seizures during alpha interferon therapy. J Hepatol 1996 Jan;24(1):48-51.
Simsek H, Savas C, Akkiz H, Telatar H. Interferon-induced vitiligo in a patient with chronic viral hepatitis C infection. Dermatology 1996;193(1):65-6.
Unoki H, Moriyama A, Tabaru A, Masumoto A, Otsuki M. Development of Sjogren's syndrome during treatment with recombinant human interferon-alpha-2b for chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol 1996 Oct;31(5):723-7.
Watanabe U, Hashimoto E, Hisamitsu T, Obata H, Hayashi N. The risk factor for development of thyroid disease during interferon-alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 1994 Mar;89(3):399-403. Comment in: Am J Gastroenterol 1994 Sep;89(9):1597.
Return to table of contents10. Predictive Factors of Treatment Response for Hepatitis C
a. Overview of Predictive Factors of Hepatitis C Treatment ResponseArber N, Moshkowitz M, Konikoff F, Halpern Z, Hallak A, Santo M, Tiomny E, Baratz M, Gilat T. Elevated serum iron predicts poor response to interferon treatment in patients with chronic HCV infection. Dig Dis Sci 1995 Nov;40(11):2431-3.
Artini M, Natoli C, Tinari N, Costanzo A, Marinelli R, Balsano C, Porcari P, Angelucci D, D'Egidio M, Levrero M, Iacobelli S. Elevated serum levels of 90K/MAC-2 BP predict unresponsiveness to alpha-interferon therapy in chronic HCV hepatitis patients. J Hepatol 1996 Aug;25(2):212-7.
Balart LA, Perrillo R, Roddenberry J, Regenstein F, Shim KS, Shieh YS, Taylor B, Dash S, Gerber MA. Hepatitis C RNA in liver of chronic hepatitis C patients before and after interferon alfa treatment. Gastroenterology 1993 May;104(5):1472-7.
Banner BF, Barton AL, Cable EE, Smith L, Bonkovsky HL. A detailed analysis of the Knodell score and other histologic parameters as predictors of response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Mod Pathol 1995 Apr;8(3):232-8.
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Berg T, Dirla U, Naumann U, Heuft HG, Kuther S, Lobeck H, Schreier E, Hopf U. Responsiveness to interferon alpha treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C coinfected with hepatitis G virus. J Hepatol 1996 Nov;25(5):763-8.
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Simmonds P, Mellor J, Craxi A, Sanchez-Tapias JM, Alberti A, Prieto J, Colombo M, Rumi MG, Lo Iacano O, Ampurdances-Mingall S, Forns-Bernhardt X, Chemello L, Civeira MP, Frost C, Dusheiko G. Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic associations of hepatitis C types in western European patients. J Hepatol 1996 May;24(5):517-24.
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Tsubota A, Chayama K, Arase Y, Koida I, Saitoh S, Ikeda K, Iwasaki S, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi M, Kumada H. Factors useful in predicting the response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1993 Nov-Dec;8(6):535-9.
Tsubota A, Chayama K, Ikeda K, Yasuji A, Koida I, Saitoh S, Hashimoto M, Iwasaki S, Kobayashi M, Hiromitsu K. Factors predictive of response to interferon-alpha therapy in hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 1994 May;19(5):1088-94.
Uchida T, Taira M, Shikata T, Moriyama M, Tanaka N, Okubo H, Arakawa Y. Histological difference between complete responders and non-responders to interferon therapy of the livers of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Acta Pathol Jpn 1993 May;43(5):230-6.
Ueno T, Inuzuka S, Sata M, Koh H, Tamaki S, Kin M, Sugawara H, Sakata R, Torimura T, Tanikawa K. Serum hyaluronate predicts response to interferon-alpha therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatogastroenterology 1995 Sep-Oct;42(5):522-7.
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Yee HF Jr, Wright TL. Serum ALT: tarnished gold standard for interferon response in hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 1994 Jun;19(6):1531-3.
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Yuki N, Hayashi N, Ohkawa K, Hagiwara H, Oshita M, Katayama K, Sasaki Y, Kasahara A, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. The significance of immunoglobulin M antibody response to hepatitis C virus core protein in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1995 Aug;22(2):402-6.
Return to table of contentsb. Hepatitis C Patients with Normal ALT Levels
Areias J, Pedroto I, Freitas T, Cerqueria R, Teixeira, Pinho L, Justica B, Saraiva AM. Hepatitis C virus carriers with normal ALT activity: viremia, genotype and effect of interferon therapy [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1996 Apr;110(4 Suppl):A1143.
Brillanti S, Foli M, Gaiani S, Masci C, Miglioli M, Barbara L. Persistent hepatitis C viraemia without liver disease. Lancet 1993 Feb 20;341(8843):464-5. Comment in: Lancet 1993 Apr 3;341(8849):904-5.
Bruno S, Rossi S, Petroni ML, Villa E, Zuin M, Podda M. Normal aminotransferase concentrations in patients with antibodies to hepatitis C virus. BMJ 1994 Mar 12;308(6930):697; BMJ 1994 Mar 12;308(6930):670-1; BMJ 1994 May 7;308(6938):1235.
Cotler SJ, Gretch DR, Carithers RL Jr. Efficacy of interferon-alpha in patients with chronic hepatitis C and normal ALT [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):400A.
Curtiss JR, Herrera JL. Response to alpha interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C and normal or near-normal ALT levels [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):401A.
Gholson CF, Favrot D, Taylor B, Catinis G, Balart L. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and persisitently normal aminotransferases (PNAL): a preliminary report of alfa-interferon (IFN) resistance [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):401A.
Ideo G, Bellobuono A, Tempini S, Mondazzi L, Ballati G, Zanetti AR. Poor efficacy of alpha interferon treatment in patients affected by chronic hepatitis C with normal or near normal ALT levels [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1996 Apr;110(4 Suppl):A1215.
Kodama T, Tamaki T, Katabami S, Katamuma A, Yamashita K, Azuma N, Kamijo K, Kinoshita H, Yachi A. Histological findings in asymptomatic hepatitis C virus carriers. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1993 Sep-Oct;8(5):403-5.
Kuzushita N, Hayashi N, Katayama K, Hiramatsu N, Yasumaru M, Murata H, Shimizu Y, Yamazaki T, Fushimi H, Kotoh K, Kasahara A, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Increased frequency of HLA DR13 in hepatitis C virus carriers with persistently normal ALT levels. J Med Virol 1996 Jan;48(1):1-7.
Marcellin P, Kilani A, Cymes K, Martinot M, Gournay J, Benhamou JP, Degott C, Erlinger S. Virological and histological characterizations in anti-HCV positive subjects with normal transaminase levels [abstract]. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 2):273A.
Marcellin P, Levy S, Benhamou JP, and Erlinger S. Management of the asymptomatic HCV carrier with normal ALT levels. Viral Hepat Rev. Forthcoming 1997.
Murashima S, Sata M, Suzuki H, Noguchi S, Tanikawa K. Sequence variation of the hypervariable region in HCV carriers with normal ALT levels: a comparison with symptomatic carriers. Microbiol Immunol 1996;40(12):941-7.
Naito M, Hayashi N, Hagiwara H, Hiramatsu N, Kasahara A, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Serum hepatitis C virus RNA quantity and histological features of hepatitis C virus carriers with persistently normal ALT levels. Hepatology 1994 Apr;19(4):871-5.
Nalpas B, Romeo R, Pol S, Thiers V, Carnot F, Berthelot P, Brechot C. Serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA: a reliable tool for evaluating HCV-related liver disease in anti-HCV-positive blood donors with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase values. Transfusion 1995 Sep;35(9):750-3.
Rossini A, Ravaggi A, Biasi L, Callee F, Agostinelli E, Gazzola GB, Cariani E, Radaeli E. Virological response to interferon (IFN) treatment of HCV carriers with normal ALT [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 pt 2):401A.
Sangiovanni A, Spinzi GC, Ceriani R, Prada A, Bissoli F, Morales R, Casiraghi M A, Sciariada L, Colombo E, Fossati M, Minoli G. Randomized controlled trial of HCV healthy carriers treatment with interferon (IFN) [abstract]. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 2):290A.
Sangiovanni A, Spinzi GC, Morales R, Casiraghi MA, Cerian R, Colombo E, Fossati M, Prada A, Sciariada L, Minoli G. Randomized controlled trial of HCV-RNA carriers with persistently normal ALT: Treatment with interferon [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1996 Apr;110(4 Suppl):A587.
Serfaty L, Chazouilleres O, Pawlotsky JM, Andreani T, Pellet C, Poupon R. Interferon alfa therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C and persistently normal aminotransferase activity. Gastroenterology 1996 Jan;110(1):291-5.
Shindo M, Arai K, Sokawa Y, Okuno T. The virological and histological states of anti-hepatitis C virus-positive subjects with normal liver biochemical values. Hepatology 1995 Aug;22(2):418-25.
Stanley AJ, Haydon GH, Piris J, Jarvis LM, Hayes PC. Assessment of liver histology in patients with hepatitis C and normal transaminase levels. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996 Sep;8(9):869-72.
Van Thiel DH, Caraceni P, Molloy PJ, Hassanein T, Kania RJ, Gurakar A, Friedlander L. Chronic hepatitis C in patients with normal or near normal alanine aminotransferase levels: the role of interferon alpha 2b therapy. J Hepatol 1995 Nov;23(5):503-8.
Return to table of contentsc. Predictive Factors of Hepatitis C Treatment Response Based on Genotypes and Viral Loads
Aiyama T, Yoshioka K, Takayanagi M, Iwata K, Okumura A, Kakumu S. Serum HCV RNA titer at the end of interferon therapy predicts the long-term outcome of treatment. J Hepatol 1995 Nov;23(5):497-502.
Akahane Y, Miyazaki Y, Naitoh S, Takeda K, Tsuda F, Okamoto H, Itoh K, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M. Cold activation of complement for monitoring the response to interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol 1996 Feb;91(2):319-27.
Ampurdanes S, Olmedo E, Maluenda MD, Forns X, Lopez Labrador FX, Costa J, Sanchez Tapias JM, de Anta MT, Rodes J. Permanent response to alpha-interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C is preceded by rapid clearance of HCV-RNA from serum. J Hepatol 1996 Dec;25(6):827-32.
Basaras M, de las Heras B, Garcia Bengoechea M, Gallego L, Arrese E, Cisterna R. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon alpha. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996 Nov;15(11):887-90.
Berenguer M, Olaso V, Cordoba J, Gobernado M, Carrasco D, Berenguer J. Genome detection in liver and peripheral blood mononuclear cells: predictor factors of sustained response in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995 Sep;7(9):899-903.
Berg T, Konig V, Kuther S, Heuft HG, Wittmann G, Lobeck H, Hopf U. [Prognostic relevance of hepatitis C virus genotype for responsiveness to interferon-alpha]. Z Gastroenterol 1995 Aug;33(8):426-30. (Ger).
Chemello L, Cavalletto L, Casarin C, Bonetti P, Bernardinello E, Pontisso P, Donada C, Belussi F, Martinelli S, Alberti A. Persistent hepatitis C viremia predicts late relapse after sustained response to interferon-alpha in chronic hepatitis C. TriVeneto Viral Hepatitis Group. Ann Intern Med 1996 Jun 15;124(12):1058-60.
Colloredo G, Bellati G, Ricci A, Scalori A, Redaelli A, Bellobuono A, Bissoli F, Civardi E, Santambrogio C, Roffi L, Ideo G. HCV-RNA as a predictor of relapse after interferon therapy for chronic hepatitic C [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):156A.
Devereux H, Telfer P, Brown D, Morris A, Dusheiko G, Emery V, Lee C. Longitudinal genotype analysis and quantification of hepatitis C virus in haemophilic patients receiving interferon-alpha therapy. J Viral Hepat 1996 Jan;3(1):43-8.
Ebata M, Fukuda Y, Koyama Y, Hayakawa T, Kumada T, Nakano S. [HCV genotype as a predictor of response to IFN therapy in chronic hepatitis C]. Nippon Rinsho 1995 Sep;53 Suppl:954-8. (Jpn).
Farci P, Melpoder JC, Shimoda A, Peddis G, Strazzera A, Munoz S, Purcell RH, Alter HJ. Studies of HCV quasispecies in patines with acute resolving hepatitis compared to those who progress to chronic hepatitis [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):350A
Fernandez I, Castellano G, Domingo MJ, Fuertes A, Colina F, Canga F, de la Cruz FJ, de la Camara AG, Solis JA. Influence of viral genotype and level of viremia on the severity of liver injury and the response to interferon therapy in Spanish patients with chronic C infection. Scand Gastroenterol 1997 Jan;32(1):70-6.
Feucht HH, Zollner B, Schroter M, Hoyer A, Sterneck M, Polywka S. Distribution of genotypes and response to alpha-interferon in patients with hepatitis C virus infection in Germany. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996 Feb;15(2):128-32.
Garcia F, Roldan C, Hernandez-Quero J, Bernal MC, Martinez MA, Lopez MA, Piedrola G, Maroto MC. Relationship between viral genotype and viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996 Nov;15(11):884-7.
Grander D, Hultcrantz R, Weiland O, Xu B, Sangfelt O, Bjorklund AC, Befrits R, Bjorkholm M, Gruber A, Kinnman N, Reichard O, Widell A, Einhorn S. Factors influencing the response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Studies on viral genotype and induction of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in the liver and peripheral blood cells. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996 Jun;31(6):604-11.
Hagiwara H, Hayashi N, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Quantitative analysis of hepatitis C virus RNA: relationship between the replicative level and the various stages of the carrier states or the response to interferon therapy. Gastroenterol Jpn 1993 May;28 Suppl 5:48-51.
Hagiwara H, Hayashi N, Mita E, Naito M, Kasahara A, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Quantitation of hepatitis C virus RNA in serum of asymptomatic blood donors and patients with type C chronic liver disease. Hepatology 1993 Apr;17(4):545-50.
Hayashi J, Kishihara Y, Yoshimura E, Tani Y, Yamaji K, Ikematsu H, Ishiko H, Kashiwagi S. Relationship of genotype to level of hepatitis C viraemia determined by competitive polymerase chain reaction. J Infect 1995 May;30(3):235-9.
Hayashi N, Hagiwara H. Viral factors affecting outcome of hepatitis C virus infection. Viral Hepat Rev 1996 Sep;2(3):187-98.
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Hino K, Sainokami S, Shimoda K, Iino S, Wang Y, Okamoto H, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M. Genotypes and titers of hepatitis C virus for predicting response to interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol 1994 Mar;42(3):299-305.
Hopf U, Berg T, Konig V, Kuther S, Heuft HG, Lobeck H. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon alpha: long-term follow-up and prognostic relevance of HCV genotypes. J Hepatol 1996;24(2 Suppl):67-73.
Horiike N, Masumoto T, Michitaka K, Kurose K, Akbar SM, Onji M. Response to interferon in chronic hepatitis C due to mixed genotype infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996 Apr;11(4):353-7.
Ishibashi K, Kashiwagi T, Ito A, Tanaka Y, Nagata T, Tamaki J, Azuma M, Kishida Y, Yoshida A, Hikiji AY. Predictive factors for efficacy of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis type C. Hepatogastroenterology 1995 Sep-Oct;42(5):535-41.
Karino Y, Hige S, Matsushima T, Miyazaki T, Toyota J. Significance of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity and HCV genotype in IFN therapy for type C chronic hepatitis. Hokkaido Igaku Zasshi 1994 Nov;69(6):1354-9.
Kondo M, Tanaka K, Ikeda M, Arata S, Saito S, Sakaguchi T, Morimoto M, Fujii T, Mitsui K, Okazaki H, Hoshino M, Sekihara H. Hepatic HCV-RNA as a predictor of outcome after interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996 Mar;11(3):236-40.
Kumada T, Nakano S, Takeda I, Sugiyama K, Osada T, Kiriyama S, Toyoda H, Sasa T, Shibata M, Morishima T, Nakano I, Fukuda Y, Kosaka Y, Tameda Y, Nakashima M. Long-term administration of natural interferon-alpha in patients with chronic hepatitis C: relationship to serum RNA concentration, HCV-RNA genotypes, histological changes and hepatitis C virus. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996 Feb;11(2):159-65.
Lin R, Liddle C, Byth K, Farrell GC. Virus and host factors are both important determinants of response to interferon treatment among patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat 1996 Mar;3(2):85-96.
Magrin S, Craxi A, Fabiano C, Simonetti RG, Fiorentino G, Marino L, Diquattro O, Di Marco V, Loiacono O, Volpes R, et al. Hepatitis C viremia in chronic liver disease: relationship to interferon-alpha or corticosteroid treatment. Hepatology 1994 Feb;19(2):273-9.
Martinot-Peignoux M, Marcellin P, Pouteau M, Castelnau C, Boyer N, Poliquin M, Degott C, Descombes I, Le Breton V, Milotova V, et al. Pretreatment serum hepatitis C virus RNA levels and hepatitis C virus genotype are the main and independent prognostic factors of sustained response to interferon alfa therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 1):1050-6.
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Mita E, Hayashi N, Hagiwara H, Ueda K, Kanazawa Y, Kasahara A, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Predicting interferon therapy efficacy from hepatitis C virus genotype and RNA titer. Dig Dis Sci 1994 May;39(5):977-82.
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Moribe T, Hayashi N, Kanazawa Y, Mita E, Fusamoto H, Negi M, Kaneshige T, Igimi H, Kamada T, Uchida K. Hepatitis C viral complexity detected by single-strand conformation polymorphism and response to interferon therapy. Gastroenterology 1995 Mar;108(3):789-95.
Okada S, Akahane Y, Suzuki H, Okamoto H, Mishiro S. The degree of variability in the amino terminal region of the E2/NS1 protein of hepatitis C virus correlates with responsiveness to interferon therapy in viremic patients. Hepatology 1992 Sep;16(3):619-24.
Orito E, Mizokami M, Nakano T, Terashima H, Nojiri O, Sakakibara K, Mizuno M, Ogino M, Nakamura M, Matsumoto Y, et al. Serum hepatitis C virus RNA level as a predictor of subsequent response to interferon-alpha therapy in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol 1994 Dec;44(4):410-4.
Saitoh H, Naitoh S, Okamoto H, Akahane Y. Prompt decrease of circulating hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic hepatitis C after treatment with interferon. J Interferon Res 1994 Oct;14(5):239-44.
Shindo M, Arai K, Sokawa Y, Okuno T. Hepatic hepatitis C virus RNA as a predictor of a long-term response to interferon-alpha therapy. Ann Intern Med 1995 Apr 15;122(8):586-91. Comment in: Ann Intern Med 1996 Jan 1;124(1 Pt 1):72.
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Yuki N, Hayashi N, Hagiwara H, Takehara T, Katayama K, Kasahara A, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Quantitative analysis of antibodies to hepatitis C virus during interferon-alpha therapy. Hepatology 1993 Jun;17(6):960-5.
Yuki N, Hayashi N, Kasahara A, Hagiwara H, Takehara T, Oshita M, Katayama K, Fusamoto H, Kamada T. Pretreatment viral load and response to prolonged interferon-alpha course for chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1995 Apr;22(4):457-63.
Yun ZB, Odeberg J, Lundeberg J, Weiland O, Uhlen M, Sonnerborg A. Restriction of hepatitis C virus heterogeneity during prolonged interferon-alpha therapy in relation to changes in virus load. J Infect Dis 1996 Apr;173(4):992-6.
Return to table of contents11. Retreatment of Hepatitis C with Interferon
Arase Y, Kumada H, Chayama K, Tsubota A, Koida I, Ikeda K, Saitoh S, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi M. Interferon retreatment of nonresponders with HCV-RNA-positive chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol 1994 Jun;29(3):299-304.
Bizollon T, Adahm M, Ducerf C, Baulieux J, Trepo C. New approaches to treatment of recurrent hepatitis C virus following liver transplantation using ribavirin. Transplant Proc 1996 Oct;28(5):2842-3.
Bresci G, Parisi G, Banti S, Capzia A. Re-treatment of interferon-resistant patients with chronic hepatitis C with interferon-alpha. J Viral Hepat 1995;2(3):155-8.
Brillanti S, Miglioli M, Barbara L. Combination antiviral therapy with ribavirin and interferon alfa in interferon alfa relapsers and non-responders: Italian experience. J Hepatol 1995;23 Suppl 2:13-5; discussion 15-6.
Budillon G, Cimino L, D'Ascoli B, Napolitano PV. Lymphoblastoid interferon in chronic hepatitis C patients who were non responders to recombinant interferon alpha (rIFN alpha). Arch Virol Suppl 1993;8:249-55.
Carreno V, Marriott E, Quiroga JA. Other approaches to the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. J Hepatol 1993;17 Suppl 3:S127-9.
Castillo I, Bartolome J, Navas S, Gonzalez S, Herrero M, Carreno V. Virological and biochemical long-term follow-up of patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon. Hepatology 1994 Jun;19(6):1342-6.
Chow WC, Marcellin P, Boyer N, Pouteau M, Castelnau C, Degos F, Maghinici C, Sinegre M, Erlinger S. Interferon retreatment in chronic hepatitis C patients after a standard course of interferon therapy [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):274A.
Gerken G, Teuber G, Goergen B, Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH. Interferon-alpha retreatment in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1995;22(1 Suppl):118-21.
Giudici Ciprani A, Ponassi I, Varagona G, Marenco G, Grasso A, Menardo G, De Conca V, Mesiti S, Canepa M, Dodero M, Picciotto A, Campo N, Celle G. Re-treatnent of patients with chronic hepatitis C non-responder to a first interferon course: analysis of a large patient cohort [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):273A.
Heathcote J, Keeffe E, Lee S, Feinman S, Tong M, Consensus Interferon Study Group. Retreatment of chronic HCV infection with a higher dose (15ug) of consensus interferon (CIFN) produces sustained responses in nonresponders and relapsers [abstract]. Gastroenterology. Forthcoming 1997.
Hoefs JC. Retreatment followed by long term maintenance therapy of HCV patients with prior complete response to interferon followed by relapse [abstract]. Hepatology 1995;22(4 Pt 2):117A.
Horiike N, Kurose K, Ohkura I, Masumoto T, Nakanishi K, Michitaka K, Onji M. Retreatment with interferon in chronic hepatitis C [letter]. J Hepatol 1994 Dec;21(6):1155.
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Iwabuchi S, Yoshida H, Fukui S. [Study for relapse cases of chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon (IFN) and approach to more successful re-treatment of IFN]. Nippon Rinsho 1994 Jul;52(7):1810-6. (Jpn).
Kakumu S, Yoshioka K. Retreatment with interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C [letter]. J Hepatol 1994 Sep;21(3):483.
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Le X, Zhou X, Dai X. Evaluation of interferon alpha-2b for the treatment of relapsed hepatitis C [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):536A.
Marcellin P, Pouteau M, Boyer N, Castelnau C, Erlinger S, Benhamou JP. Retreatment with recombinant interferon-alpha in patients with chronic hepatitis C [letter]. J Infect Dis 1993 Mar;167(3):780-1.
Pardo M, Cotonat T, Herrero M, Marriott E, Artillo S, Quiroga JA, Carreno V. Retreatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection [letter]. Lancet 1994 Jun 18;343(8912):1568-9. Comment in: Lancet 1994 Sep 3;344(8923):690-1.
Payen JL, Izopeet J, Galindo V, Zarski JP, Seigneurin JM, Dussaix E, Langlois C, Vine JP, Barange K, Puel J, Pascal JP, GET.VHC. Comparison of three interferon alfa-2b regimens for retreatment (RTT) of patients with chronic hepatitis C with prior complete response followed by relapse: a controlled randomized trial [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Ptr 2):273A.
Picciotto A, Brizzolara R, Campo N, Poggi G, Sinelli N, De Conca V, Giudici Cipriani A, Grasso A, Mareco G, Menardo G, Dodero M, Celle G. Two year interferon retreatment may induce a sustained response in relapsing patients with chronic hepatitis C [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 pt 2):273A.
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Rolachon A, Kezachian G, Causse X, Baud M, Fournet J, Zarski JP. Interest of higher dose of interferon alpha in non-responder patients with cronic hepatitis C: a prospective randomized study [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):560A.
Saracco G, Rizzetto M. The long-term efficacy of interferon alfa in chronic hepatitis C patients: a critical review. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995 Nov-Dec;10(6):668-73.
Singh N, Gayowski T, Wannstedt CF, Marino IR, Wagener MM. Interferon-alpha therapy for hepatitis C virus recurrence after liver transplantation: long-term response with maintenance therapy. Clin Transplant 1996 Aug;10(4):348-51.
Teuber G, Dienes HP, Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH, Gerken G. [Re-treatment with interferon-alpha in chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection]. Z Gastroenterol 1995 Feb;33(2):94-8. (Ger).
Toyoda H, Nakano S, Takeda I, Kumada T, Sugiyama K, Osada T, Kiriyama S, Suga T, Ohki H, Ito O, et al. Retreatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon. Am J Gastroenterol 1994 Sep;89(9):1453-7. Comment in: Am J Gastroenterol 1994 Sep;89(9):1424-6.
Van Thiel DH, Fagiuoli S, Caraceni P, Nadir A, Wright HI. Recurrence of hepatitis C following liver transplantation: treatment with interferon. Transplant Sci 1994 Dec;4 Suppl 1:S26-8.
Van Thiel DH, Friedlander L, Molloy PJ, Kania RJ, Fagiuoli S, Wright HI, Gasbarrini A, Caraceni P. Retreatment of hepatitis c interferon non-responders with larger doses of interferon with and without phlebotomy. Hepatogastroenterology 1996 Nov-Dec;43(12):1557-61.
Weiland O, Zhang YY, Widell A. Serum HCV RNA levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C given a second course of interferon alpha-2b treatment after relapse following initial treatment. Scand J Infect Dis 1993;25(1):25-30.
Return to table of contentsC. Liver Transplantation for Hepatitis C
Ascher NL, Lake JR, Emond J, Roberts J. Liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Hepatology 1994 Jul;20(1 Pt 2):24S-27S.
Bayraktar Y, Thiel DH, Gurakar A. Hepatitis C and the controversies it creates relative to liver transplantation and autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatogastroenterology 1996 Jul-Aug;43(10):873-81.
Belli LS, Alberti A, Rondinara GF, De Carlis L, Romani F, Bellati G, Minola E, Zurleni F, Rossetti O, Pirotta V, et al. Recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1993 Aug;25(4):2635-7.
Belli LS, Caccamo L, Mazzaferro V, Silini E, Alberti A, Melada E, Regalia E, Gridelli B, Rubino A, Gennari L, et al. Milan multicenter experience in liver transplantation for hepatitis C-related cirrhosis: report of 105 cases. Transplant Proc 1994 Dec;26(6):3582-4.
Detre KM, Belle SH, Lombardero M. Liver transplantation for chronic viral hepatitis. Viral Hepat Rev 1996 Sep;2(3):219-28.
Di Bisceglie AM. Liver transplantation for hepatitis C: the promise and the challenge [editorial]. Hepatology 1995 Aug;22(2):660-2. Comment on: Hepatology 1995 Aug;22(2):1-9.
Dickson RC, Caldwell SH, Ishitani MB, Lau JY, Driscoll CJ, Stevenson WC, McCullough CS, Pruett TL. Clinical and histologic patterns of early graft failure due to recurrent hepatitis C in four patients after liver transplantation. Transplantation 1996 Mar 15;61(5):701-5.
Feray C, Gigou M, Samuel D, Paradis V, Wilber J, David MF, Urdea M, Reynes M, Brechot C, Bismuth H. The course of hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation. Hepatology 1994 Nov;20(5):1137-43.
Feray C, Samuel D, Gigou M, Paradis V, David MF, Lemonnier C, Reynes M, Bismuth H. An open trial of interferon alfa recombinant for hepatitis C after liver transplantation: antiviral effects and risk of rejection. Hepatology 1995 Oct;22(4 Pt 1):1084-9.
Laskus T, Wang LF, Rakela J, Vargas H, Pinna AD, Tsamandas AC, Demetris AJ, Fung J. Dynamic behavior of hepatitis C virus in chronically infected patients receiving liver graft from infected donors. Virology 1996 Jun 1;220(1):171-6.
O'Grady JG, Williams R. Liver transplantation for viral hepatitis. Br Med Bull 1990 Apr;46(2):481-91.
Ojogho ON, So SK, Keeffe EB, Berquist W, Concepcion W, Garcia-Kennedy R, Imperial J, Esquivel CO. Orthotopic liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Factors affecting long-term patient survival. Arch Surg 1996 Sep;131(9):935-9; discussion 939-41.
Smith MS, Webster AD, Dhillon AP, Dusheiko G, Boulton R, Savage K, Rolles K, Burroughs AK. Orthotopic liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis in two patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Gastroenterology 1995 Mar;108(3):879-84.
Wright TL. Liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis C viral infection. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1993 Jun;22(2):231-42.
Return to table of contentsD. Phlebotomy for Iron Overload in Hepatitis C
Bonkovsky HL, Banner BF, Rothman AL. Iron and chronic viral hepatitis. Hepatology. Forthcoming 1997.
Fracassetti O, Tambini R, Bellavita P, Vicari O, Sonzogni A, Lorenzi N, Delvechhio G, Gavazzeni G. Phlebotomy followed by interferon alpha treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):512A.
Han SH, Tsai N, Morgan TR, Adkins R, Redeker AG, Fong TL. A pilot randomized, controlled trial of the effect of iron depletion on long-term response to alpha interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):405A.
Hayashi H, Takikawa T, Nishimura N, Yano M. Serum aminotransferase levels as an indicator of the effectiveness of venesection for chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 1995 Mar;22(3):268-71.
Hayashi H, Takikawa T, Nishimura N, Yano M, Isomura T, Sakamoto N. Improvement of serum aminotransferase levels after phlebotomy in patients with chronic active hepatitis C and excess hepatic iron. Am J Gastroenterol 1994 Jul;89(7):986-8. Comment in: Am J Gastroenterol 1994 Jul;89(7):970-3. Comment in: Am J Gastroenterol 1995 Jan;90(1):170-1.
Kato S, Arao M, Kuriki J, Tagaya T, Takiya S, Kato K, Takikawa T, Hayashi H. Biochemical improvement of chronic hepatitis C after gastrointestinal bleeding. Nagoya J Med Sci 1994 Dec;57(3-4):153-7.
Molloy PJ, Azzouz M, Van Thiel DH. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C with interferon alfa-2b. Am Fam Physician 1996 Oct;54(5):1598-605.
Pouteau M, Courtois F, Martinot M, Atassi Dumont M, Erlinger S, Marcellin P. Effects of phlebotomy in patients with chronic hepatitis C non responders to interferon therapy [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):404A.
Rossaro L, Farinati F, Boccia S, Inturri P, Gamberini S, Fagiuoli S, Floreani F. Randomized cross-over trial of phlebotomy and interferon for chronic hepatitis C in patients with high ferritin levels [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1996 Apr;110(4 Suppl):A1307.
Van Thiel DH, Friedlander L, Malloy P, Fahiuoli S, Wright HI, Gasbarrini A, Caraceni P. Retreatment of hepatitis C interferon non-responders with larger doses of interferon with and without phlebotomy [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1994 Apr;106(4 Pt 2):A1002.
Van Thiel DH, Friedlander L, Molloy PJ, Kania RJ, Fagiuoli S, Wright HI, Gasbarrini A, Caraceni P. Retreatment of hepatitis c interferon non-responders with larger doses of interferon with and without phlebotomy. Hepatogastroenterology 1996 Nov-Dec;43(12):1557-61.
Zuckerman E, Tsai N, Han SH, Redeker AG, Fong TL. Failure of iron depletion to improve response in chronic heptitis C patients who were non-responders to prior interferon treatment [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):604A.
Return to table of contentsE. Other Options in Treatment for Hepatitis C
1. Randomized Controlled Trials
Andreone P, Cursaro C, Gramenzi A, Buzzi A, Covarelli MG, Di Giammarino L, Miniero R, Arienti V, Bernardi M, Gasbarrini G. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial of thymosin alpha 1 for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Liver 1996 Jun;16(3):207-10.
Angelico M, Gandin C, Pescarmona E, Rapicetta M, Del Vecchio C, Bini A, Spada E, Baroni CD, Capocaccia L. Recombinant interferon-alpha and ursodeoxycholic acid versus interferon-alpha alone in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomized clinical trial with long-term follow-up. Am J Gastroenterol 1995 Feb;90(2):263-9.
Casanova RL, Gitlin N. Treatments for hepatitis C: refinements in the recipe? Am J Gastroenterol 1995 Nov;90(11):2065-6.
Kiso S, Kawata S, Imai Y, Tamura S, Inui Y, Ito N, Matsuzawa Y. Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy in chronic viral hepatitis C with high serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase levels. J Gastroenterol 1996 Feb;31(1):75-80.
Liaw YF, Sheen IS, Lin SM, Chen TJ, Chu CM. Effects of prednisolone pretreatment in interferon alfa therapy for patients with chronic non-A, non-B (C) hepatitis. Liver 1993 Feb;13(1):46-50.
Takano S, Ito Y, Yokosuka O, Ohto M, Uchiumi K, Hirota K, Omata M. A multicenter randomized controlled dose study of ursodeoxycholic acid for chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 1994 Sep;20(3):558-64. Comment in: Hepatology 1995 Sep;22(3):1002.
2. Other Studies
Andreone P, Cursaro C, Gasbarrini G. Interferon-alpha increases prostaglandin E2 production by cultured liver biopsy in patients with chronic viral hepatitis: can non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs improve the therapeutic response to interferon? J Hepatol 1993 Sep;19(2):228-31.
Calleja JL, Albillos A, Cacho G, Iborra J, Abreu L, Escartin P. Interferon and prednisone therapy in chronic hepatitis C with non-organ-specific antibodies. J Hepatol 1996 Mar;24(3):308-12.
Carreno V, Parra A, Navas S, Quiroga JA. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stumulating factor as adjuvant therapy for factor as adjuvant therapy for interferon alpha treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Cytokine 1996 Apr;8(4):318-22.
de Man RA, Berk L, Schalm SW, Stijnen T. Treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. Dig Dis 1991;9(1):17-35.
Fong TL, Valinluck B, Govindarajan S, Charboneau F, Adkins RH, Redeker AG. Short-term prednisone therapy affects aminotransferase activity and hepatitis C virus RNA levels in chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 1994 Jul;107(1):196-9.
Garofano T, Vento S, Di Perri G, Concia E, Bassetti D. Zidovudine induces remission of chronic active hepatitis C in HIV-1 carriers. Int Conf AIDS 1991 Jun 16-21;7(2):46 (abstract no. W.B.89).
Par A, Bero T, Brasch G, Gogl A, Kamaras G, Mehesfalvi E, Ozsvar Z, Paal M, Szipocs I, Telegdy L. [Isoprinosine therapy in chronic hepatitis C (multicenter placebo-controlled double-blind prospective study)]. Orv Hetil 1993 May 9;134(19):1015-9. (Hun).
Return to table of contentsF. Cost-effectiveness Treatment Analysis for Hepatitis C
Bennett WG, Wong JB, Koff RS, Ishida H, Beck JR, Pauker SG. What is the optimal pretreatment evaluation of chronic hepatitis C? [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):384A.
Dusheiko GM, Roberts JA. Treatment of chronic type B and C hepatitis with interferon alfa: an economic appraisal. Hepatology 1995 Dec;22(6):1863-73. Comment in: Hepatology 1995 Dec;22(6):1880-2.
Farrell GC. Interferon treatment for chronic viral hepatitis in Australia: is it worth it? Med J Aust 1992 Jun 15;156(12):873-6. Comment in: Med J Aust 1992 Jun 15;156(12):821-2.
Garcia de Ancos JL, Roberts JA, Dusheiko GM. An economic evaluation of the costs of alpha-interferon treatment of chronic active hepatitis due to hepatitis B or C virus. J Hepatol 1990;11 Suppl 1:S11-8.
Kareemi M, Peltekian KM. Cost-effectiveness of interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):276A.
Kim WR, Poterucha JJ, Gross JB, Dickson ER, Evans RW. Cost-effectiveness of 12 months of interferon-alpha treatment for chronic hepatitis C [abstract]. Gastroenterology 1996 Apr;110(4 Suppl):A1233.
Koff RS, Seeff LB. Economic modeling of treatment in chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C: promises and limitations [editorial]. Hepatology 1995 Dec;22(6):1880-2. Comment on: Hepatology 1995 Dec;22(6):1863-73.
Michel P, Merle V, Gourier C, Hochain P, Colin R, Czernichow P. [Compared efficiency of three strategies of management of chronic hepatitis C. Effect on the risk of cirrhosis 8 years after diagnosis]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1996 Feb;20(1):47-54. (Fre).
Morisco F, Marmo R, Tucillo C, Iasevoli P, Sessa G, Caporaso N. The ideal cut-off of viremia levels in treating HCV-related chronic hepatitis to improve the cost/benefit ratio of interferon therapy [abstract]. Hepatology 1996 Oct;24(4 Pt 2):161A.
Schwicker D, Banz K. Roferon-A in chronic viral hepatitis: treatment, clinical outcomes, cost-effectiveness. New York: P. Lang; 1994. 115 p. (Gesundheit und Okonomie; Bd. 6).
Shiell A, Briggs A, Farrell GC. The cost effectiveness of alpha interferon in the treatment of chronic active hepatitis C. Med J Aust 1994 Mar 7;160(5):268-72. Comment in: Med J Aust 1994 Jul 18;161(2):169; discussion 170; Med J Aust 1994 Jul 18;161(2):169-70.
Return to table of contentsLast updated: 06 June 1997
First published: 06 June 1997
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