 |
|
| Current Bibliographies in Medicine | |
Current Bibliographies in Medicine 94-4
Optimal Calcium Intake
CBM 94-4 Optimal Calcium Intake January 1990 through April 1994 plus selected earlier citations 775 Citations Prepared by Loretta D. Ulincy, M.L.S., National Library of Medicine Joan A. McGowan, PhD., National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Lawrence E. Shulman, M.D., Director, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institutes of Health National Library of Medicine Reference Section 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20894 1994 SERIES NOTE Current Bibliographies in Medicine (CBM) is a continuation in part of the National Library of Medicine's Literature Search Series, which ceased in 1987 with No. 87-15. In 1989 it also subsumed the Specialized Bibliography Series. Each bibliography in the new series covers a distinct subject area of biomedicine and is intended to fulfill a current awareness function. Citations are usually derived from searching a variety of online databases. NLM databases utilized include MEDLINE, AVLINE, BIOETHICSLINE, CANCERLIT, CATLINE, HEALTH, POPLINE and TOXLINE. The only criterion for the inclusion of a particular published work is its relevance to the topic being presented; the format, ownership, or location of the material is not considered. Comments and suggestions on this series may be addressed to: Karen Patrias, Editor Current Bibliographies in Medicine Reference Section National Library of Medicine Bethesda, MD 20894 Phone: 301-496-6097 Fax: 301-402-1384 Internet: patrias@nlm.nih.gov Ordering Information: Current Bibliographies in Medicine is sold by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. To order the entire CBM series for calendar year 1994 (approximately 10 bibliographies), send $60.00 ($75.00 foreign) to the Superintendent of Documents citing GPO List ID: CBM94. For your convenience an order blank is given inside the back cover. Orders for individual bibliographies in the series ($8.50, $10.63 foreign) should be sent to the Superintendent of Documents citing the title, CBM number, and the GPO List ID given above. Internet Access: The Current Bibliographies in Medicine series is also available at no cost to anyone with Internet access through FTP (File Transfer Protocol). FTP to nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov and login: as nlmpubs. The index file in the "bibs" directory provides information on the bibliographies available. Use of funds for printing this periodical has been approved by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget through September 30, 1994. OPTIMAL CALCIUM INTAKE Over the past decade, both the general public and scientists have been exposed to a great deal of literature about the value of ensuring an adequate calcium intake throughout life. A number of articles in the recent medical literature have addressed the role of calcium intake in the prevention of disorders including osteoporosis and other bone diseases, colon cancer, kidney stones, and high blood pressure. The results of this research indicate that the optimal level of calcium intake may be greater than the amount consumed by a majority of the American people. Optimal calcium intake may vary according to the disease being considered, and may also vary according to a person's age, sex, and ethnicity. Optimal calcium intake may be achieved by diet, calcium supplements, or calcium-fortified foods, or by various combinations of these. In addition, various cofactors play a role in achieving optimal calcium intake. These include factors such as vitamin D, which is needed for optimal calcium absorption, hormones, and factors that can negatively influence calcium availability, such as certain medications or phytates in foods. This bibliography lists selected references in English on calcium intake and health status published as monographs, journal articles, audiovisuals, bibliographies, and pamphlets from January 1990 through April 1994, plus selected earlier journal citations included for their importance or unique coverage. Arrangement of the bibliography is by subject, with the first four major categories devoted to the scientific clinical and research coverage of calcium intake and bioavailability. The last category of citations was selected from a broader variety of sources and is directed at public health issues. Each citation appears in only one category. Within each category, arrangement is alphabetical by author. SEARCH STRATEGY A variety of online databases are usually searched in preparing bibliographies in the CBM series. To assist you in updating or otherwise manipulating the material in this search, the strategy used for the NLM's MEDLINE database is given below. Please note that the search strategies presented here differ from individual demand searches in that they are generally broadly formulated and irrelevant citations edited out prior to printing. SS 1 = *CALCIUM OR *CALCIUM CARBONATE OR *CALCIUM CHLORIDE OR *CALCIUM HYDROXIDE OR EXP *CALCIUM PHOSPHATES SS 2 = 1 AND NOT ANIMAL SS 3 = 2 AND BONE DENSITY OR 2 AND EXP OSTEOPOROSIS OR 2 AND BONE DISEASES OR 2 AND EXP FRACTURES OR 2 AND EXP COLONIC NEOPLASMS OR 2 AND EXP HYPERTENSION OR 2 AND EXP PRE-ECLAMPSIA OR 2 AND EXP TOOTH DEMINERALIZATION OR 2 AND TOOTH CALCIFICATION OR 2 AND TOOTH REMINERALIZATION OR 2 AND EXP TRACE ELEMENTS OR 2 AND EXP MINERALS OR 2 AND EXP VITAMIN D OR 2 AND EXP VITAMIN K OR 2 AND DIETARY FIBER OR 2 AND EXP DIETARY PROTEINS SS 4 = 2 AND EXP *HORMONES OR 2 AND PARATHYROID HORMONES OR 2 AND EXP LACTATION OR 2 AND EXP PREGNANCY OR 2 AND EXP PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS OR 2 AND CAFFEINE OR 2 AND EXP THYROID HORMONES OR 2 AND EXERCISE OR 2 AND EXP EXERTION SS 5 = 2 AND PHYSICAL FITNESS OR 2 AND EXP MUSCLES OR 2 AND INACTIVITY (TW) OR 2 AND RISK FACTORS OR 2 AND RISK OR 2 AND KIDNEY CALCULI OR 2 AND CONSTIPATION OR 2 AND EXP CHOLELITHIASIS OR 2 AND EXP ARRHYTHMIA OR 2 AND EXP BRAIN/PH OR 2 AND EXP BRAIN/ME OR 2 AND EXP CALCINOSIS OR 2 AND EXP AORTIC DISEASES OR 2 AND EXP BONE A#D BONES OR 2 AND EXP DIET OR 2 AND EXP CEREALS OR 2 AND EXP VEGETABLES OR 2 AND EXP *FOOD OR 2 AND EXP BEVERAGES OR 2 AND CITRUS FRUITS SS 6 = CALCIUM OR CALCIUM CARBONATE OR CALCIUM CHLORIDE OR CALCIUM HYDROXIDE OR EXP CALCIUM PHOSPHATES SS 7 = 6 AND NOT ANIMAL SS 8 = 7 AND FOOD, FORTIFIED OR 7 AND FOOD LABELING OR 7 AND NUTRITION ASSESSMENT OR 7 AND EXP LIFE STYLE OR 7 AND LACTOSE INTOLERANCE OR 7 AND SOYBEANS SS 9 = EXP *HYPOCALCEMIA OR *HYPERCALCEMIA OR CALCIUM, DIETARY SS 10 = 9 AND NOT ANIMAL SS 11 = 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 8 OR 10 SS 12 = 11 AND NOT FOR (LA) GRATEFUL MED To make online searching easier and more efficient, the Library offers GRATEFUL MED, microcomputer-based software that provides a user-friendly interface to most NLM databases. This software was specifically developed for health professionals and features multiple choice menus and "fill in the blank" screens for easy search preparation. GRATEFUL MED runs on an IBM PC (or IBM-compatible) with DOS 2.0 or a Macintosh, and requires a Hayes (or Hayes-compatible) modem. It may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service in Springfield, Virginia, for $29.95 (plus $3.00 per order for shipping). For your convenience, an order blank has been enclosed at the back of this bibliography. SAMPLE CITATIONS Citations in this bibliographic series are formatted according to the rules established for Index Medicus*. Sample journal and monograph citations appear below. For journal articles written in a foreign language, the English translation of the title is placed in brackets; for monographs, the title is given in the original language. In both cases the language of publication is shown by a three letter abbreviation appearing at the end of the citation. Note also that a colon (:) may appear within an author's name or article title. The NLM computer system automatically inserts this symbol in the place of a diacritical mark. Journal Article: Authors Article Title Havala S, Dwyer J. Position of the American DieteticAssociation: vegetarian diets. J Am Diet Assoc 1993 Nov;93(11):1317-9. Abbreviated Journal Date Volume Issue Pages Title Monograph: Authors/Editors Title Mundy GR, editor. Calcium homeostasis: hypercalcemia andhypocalcemia. London: M. Dunitz; 1989. 248 p. Place of Publisher Date Total No. Publication of Pages _________________________________ *For details of the formats used for references, see the following publication: Patrias, Karen. National Library of Medicine recommended formats for bibliographic citation. Bethesda (MD): The Library; 1991 Apr. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB91-182030. TABLE OF CONTENTS DIETARY INTAKE OF CALCIUM United States International CALCIUM INTAKE: EFFECT ON SKELETAL HEALTH AND DISEASE Clinical Trials Observational Epidemiology Metabolic Studies and Nutrient Interactions CALCIUM INTAKE: EFFECT ON OTHER DISEASES Kidney Stones Hypertension / Atherosclerosis Colon Cancer Dental Conditions CALCIUM BIOAVAILABILITY PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUES AND EDUCATION DIETARY INTAKE OF CALCIUM United States Adolescent nutrition: current views. Dairy Counc Dig 1991 Nov-Dec;62(6):31-6. Ahmed FE. Effect of nutrition on the health of the elderly. J Am Diet Assoc 1992 Sep;92(9):1102-8. Anderson J. Calcium: a critical dietary nutrient. Br Food J 1993;95(4):22-4. Anderson J. Dietary calcium and bone mass through the lifecycle. Nutr Today 1990 Apr;25(2):9-14. Anderson RA, Bryden NA, Polansky MM. Dietary intake of calcium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, and zinc: duplicate plate values corrected using derived nutrient intake. J Am Diet Assoc 1993 Apr;93(4):462-4. Anderson RR. Variations in major minerals of human milk during the first 5 months of lactation. Nutr Res 1992 Jun;12(6):701-11. Batten S, Hirschman J, Thomas D. Impact of the Special Supplemental Food Program on infants.J Pediatr 1990 Aug;117(2 Pt 2):S101-9. Bock MA, Sheehan ET, Bendel R, Bhalla VS, Harrill I, Mitchell M, Read M, Schutz H, Standall B. Contribution of diet versus supplements to selected nutrient intake in the western region. Nutr Res 1993 Feb;13(2):189-96. Briefel RR. Assessment of the US diet in national nutrition surveys: national collaborative efforts and NHANES. Am J Clin Nutr 1994 Jan;59(1 Suppl):164S-167S. Buttriss J. The role of calcium in a balanced diet. J Soc Dairy Technol 1990 Feb;43(1):1. Dagnelie PC, Vergote FJ, van Staveren WA, van den Berg H, Dingjan PG, Hautvast JG. High prevalence of rickets in infants on macrobiotic diets. Am J Clin Nutr 1990 Feb;51(2):202-8. Eck LH, Hackett Renner C. Calcium intake in youth: sex, age, and racial differences in NHANES II. Prev Med 1992 Jul;21(4):473-82. Ernst JA, Brady MS, Rickard KA. Food and nutrient intake of 6- to 12-month-old infants fed formula or cow milk: A summary of four national surveys. J Pediatr 1990 Aug;117(2 Pt 2):S86-100. Fogelholm GM, Himberg JJ, Alopaeus K, Gref CG, Laakso JT, Lehto JJ, Mussalo-Rauhamaa H. Dietary and biochemical indices of nutritional status in male athletes and controls. J Am Coll Nutr 1992 Apr;11(2):181-91. Frank GC, Webber LS, Nicklas TA, Berenson GS. Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus intakes of infants and children: Bogalusa Heart Study. J Am Diet Assoc 1988 Jul;88(7):801-7. Georgiou CC, Arquitt AB. Regional differences in food and nutrient intakes of college women from the United States: Oregon and Oklahoma. Ecol Food Nutr 1992;28(4):251-60. Gerber AM, James SA, Ammerman AS, Keenan NL, Garrett JM, Strogatz DS, Haines PS. Socioeconomic status and electrolyte intake in black adults: the Pitt County Study. Am J Public Health 1991 Dec;81(12):1608-12. Haines PS, Hungerford DW, Popkin BM, Guilkey DK. Eating patterns and energy and nutrient intakes of US women. J Am Diet Assoc 1992 Jun;92(6):698-704, 707. Harland BF, Smith SA, Ellis R, O'Brien R, Morris ER. Comparison of the nutrient intakes of blacks, Siouan Indians, and whites in Columbus County, North Carolina. J Am Diet Assoc 1992 Mar;92(3): 348-50. Harris EW, Lanzidelle DA, McKinney S. The nutritional value of food purchased from an a la carte lunch menu. Sch Food Serv Res Rev 1990 Fall;14(2):94-7. Hartz SC, Russell RM, Rosenberg IH, editors. Nutrition in the elderly - the Boston nutritional status survey: from the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University. Herndon (VA): Books International; 1992. Havala S, Dwyer J. Position of the American Dietetic Association: vegetarian diets. J Am Diet Assoc 1993 Nov;93(11):1317-9. Published erratum appears in J Am Diet Assoc 1994 Jan;94(1):19. Hay P. Bone loss in patients with anorexia nervosa [letter]. Am J Psychiatry 1992 Mar;149(3):415-6. Comment on: Am J Psychiatry 1991 Jun;148(6):768-74. Heaney RP. Is a dissolution standard for calcium supplements necessary? [letter]. Calcif Tissue Int 1992 Feb;50(2):197. Comment on: Calcif Tissue Int 1991 Nov;49(5):308-12. Hillman LS. Mineral and vitamin D adequacy in infants fed human milk or formula between 6 and 12 months of age. J Pediatr 1990 Aug;117(2 Pt 2):S134-42. Holbrook TL, Barrett-Connor E. Calcium intake: covariates and confounders. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Mar;53(3):741-4. Hollingsworth DS, Hart WD. Effects of gender, ethnicity and place of residence on nutrient intake among elderly residents of Southwestern Louisiana. J Nutr Elderly 1991;10(4):51-72. Kim KK, Yu ES, Liu WT, Kim J, Kohrs MB. Nutritional status of Chinese-, Korean-, and Japanese-American elderly. J Am Diet Assoc 1993 Dec;93(12):1416-22. King N, Fridlund KE, Askew EW. Nutrition issues of military women. J Am Coll Nutr 1993 Aug;12(4):344-8. Kleiner SM, Bazzarre TL, Litchford MD. Metabolic profiles, diet, and health practices of championship male and female bodybuilders. J Am Diet Assoc 1990 Jul;90(7):962-7. La Vecchia C, Negri E, Franceschi S, Parazzini F, Decarli A. Differences in dietary intake with smoking, alcohol, and education. Nutr Cancer 1992;17(3):297-304. Lewis NM, Hollingsworth M. Food choices of young college women consuming low- or moderate-calcium diets. Nutr Res 1992 Aug;12(8):943-8. Looker AC, Loria CM, Carroll MD, McDowell MA, Johnson CL. Calcium intakes of Mexican Americans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans, non-Hispanic whites, and non-Hispanic blacks in the United States. J Am Diet Assoc 1993 Nov;93(11):1274-9. Marcus R. Calcium intake and skeletal integrity: is there a critical relationship? J Nutr 1987 Apr;117(4):631-5. Mares-Perlman JA, Klein BEK, Klein R, Ritter LL, Freudenheim JL, Luby MH. Nutrient supplements contribute to the dietary intake of middle- and older-aged adult residents of Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. J Nutr 1993 Feb;123(2):176-88. McGowan M, Gibney MJ. Calcium intakes in individuals on diets for the management of cows' milk allergy: a case control study. Eur J Clin Nutr 1993 Sep;47(9):609-16. McNeill G, Davidson L, Morrison DC, Crombie IK, Keighran J, Todman J. Nutrient intake in schoolchildren: some practical considerations. Proc Nutr Soc 1991 Mar;50(1):37-43. Merkel JM, Crockett SJ, Mullis R. Vitamin and mineral supplement use by women with school-age children. J Am Diet Assoc 1990 Mar;90(3):426-8. Michel I, Lavigne C, Desrosiers T. Soluble and lipid-bound calcium and zinc during processing of infant milk formulas. J Food Sci 1993 Jul-Aug;58(4):756-60. Miller JZ, Kimes T, Hui S, Andon MB, Johnston CC Jr. Nutrient intake variability in a pediatric population: implications for study design. J Nutr 1991 Feb;121(2):265-74. Nobmann ED, Byers T, Lanier AP, Hankin JH, Jackson MY. The diet of Alaska Native adults: 1987-1988. Am J Clin Nutr 1992 May;55(5):1024-32. Parent ME, Krondl M, Chow RK. Reconstruction of past calcium intake patterns during adulthood. J Am Diet Assoc 1993 Jun;93(6):649-52. Payette H, Gray Donald K. Dietary intake and biochemical indices of nutritional status in an elderly population, with estimates of the precision of the 7-d food record. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Sep; 54(3):478-88. Pennington JA, Wilson DB. Daily intakes of nine nutritional elements: analyzed vs. calculated values. J Am Diet Assoc 1990 Mar;90(3):375-81. Pennington JA, Young BE. Total diet study nutritional elements, 1982-1989. J Am Diet Assoc 1991 Feb; 91(2):179-83. Quinn TJ, Jenkins RM. Nutritional profiles of selected college females in a 15-week exercise and weight-control class. Health Values 1991 May-Jun;15(3):34-41. Ryan VC, Bower ME. Relationship of socioeconomic status and living arrangements to nutritional intake of the older person. J Am Diet Assoc 1989 Dec; 89(12):1805-7. Schaeffer MJ, Love J. Relationships between soybean components and tofu texture. J Food Qual 1992 Feb;15(1):53-66. Schectman G, McKinney WP, Pleuss J, Hoffman RG. Dietary intake of Americans reporting adherence to a low cholesterol diet (NHANES II). Am J Public Health 1990 Jun;80(5):698-703. Simon S. A survey of the nutritional adequacy of meals served and eaten by patients. Nurs Pract 1991;4(2):7-11. Slattery ML, Jacobs DR Jr, Hilner JE, Caan BJ, Van Horn L, Bragg C, Manolio TA, Kushi LH, Liu K. Meat consumption and its associations with other diet and health factors in young adults: the CARDIA study. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Nov;54(5):930-5. Specker BL, Tsang RC, Ho ML, Landi TM, Gratton TL. Low serum calcium and high parathyroid hormone levels in neonates fed 'humanized' cow's milk-based formula. Am J Dis Child 1991 Aug; 145(8):941-5. Stensland SH, Sobal J. Dietary practices of ballet, jazz, and modern dancers. J Am Diet Assoc 1992 Mar; 92(3):319-24. Stevens DA, Grivetti LE, McDonald RB. Nutrient intake of urban and rural elderly receiving home-delivered meals. J Am Diet Assoc 1992 Jun;92(6):714-8. Taylor ML, Koblinsky SA. Dietary intake and growth status of young homeless children. J Am Diet Assoc 1993 Apr;93(4):464-6. International Adamson A, Rugg Gunn A, Butler T, Appleton D, Hackett A. Nutritional intake, height and weight of 11-12-year-old Northumbrian children in 1990 compared with information obtained in 1980. Br J Nutr 1992 Nov;68(3):543-63. Becker W, Kumpulainen J. Contents of essential and toxic mineral elements in Swedish market-basket diets in 1987. Br J Nutr 1991 Sep;66(2):151-60. Bell R, Dunn P, Whitehead A, Xouris S. The contribution of meals on wheels to the nutrient intake of the elderly. Aust J Nutr Diet 1993 Jun;50(2):46-50. Bello CO, Keshinro OO. Contribution of mid-day meals to the daily nutrient requirement of school children in Nigeria. Food Chem 1990;39(3):273-80. Benny PS, Benny SC, Sin IL. Nutrition in pregnancy in the Wellington region. N Z Med J 1991 Feb 13;104(905):29-32. Bogan AD, DeWare KB. Calcium intake and knowledge of osteoporosis in university women. Can Home Econ J 1992 Spring;42(2):80-4. Bourn DM, Gibson RS, MacDonald AC. Selected nutrient intakes of a cohort of Canadian post-menopausal women estimated from three-day dietary records; sources of variance in nutrient intakes and probability estimates of their adequacy. Nutr Res 1990 Apr;10(4):391-401. Published erratum appears in Nutr Res 1992;12(1):89-91. Creed de Kanashiro H, Brown KH, Lopez de Romana G, Lopez T, Black RE. Consumption of food and nutrients by infants in Huascar (Lima) Peru. Am J Clin Nutr 1990 Dec;52(6):995-1004. Donald EA, Basu TK, Hargreaves JA, Thompson GW, Overton TR, Peterson RD, Chao E. Dietary intake and biochemical status of a selected group of older Albertans taking or not taking micronutrient supplements. J Can Diet Assoc 1992 Spring;53(1): 39-43. Donald EA, Basu TK, Hargeaves JA, Thompson GW, Overton TR, Peterson RD, Chao E. Dietary intake and biochemical status of a selected group of older persons in Alberta. J Can Diet Assoc 1991 Winter;52(4):220-6. Donald EA, Basu TK, Hargreaves JA, Thompson GW, Overton TR, Peterson RD, Chao E. Lack of seasonal variation in nutrient intake of a selected group of older persons in Alberta. J Can Diet Assoc 1992 Fall;53(3):214-6. George JH, Brinsdon SC, Paulin JM, Aitken EF. What do young adolescent New Zealanders eat? Nutrient intakes of a nationwide sample of form 1 children. N Z Med J 1993 Feb 24;106(950):47-51. Halliday A. Calcium. Nutr Bull 1991 Jan;16:11-24. Horwath CC. Dietary intake and nutritional status among university undergraduates. Nutr Res 1991 May;11(5):395-404. Horwath CC, Campbell AJ, Busby W. Dietary survey of an elderly New Zealand population. Nutr Res 1992 Apr-May;12(4-5):441-53. Jenner DA, Miller MR. Intakes of selected nutrients in year 7 Western Australian children: comparison between weekdays and weekend days and relationships with socio-economic status. Aust J Nutr Diet 1991 Jun;48(2):50-6. Kanis JA, Passmore R. Calcium supplementation of the diet--I. BMJ 1989 Jan 21;298(6667):137-40. Kanis JA, Passmore R. Calcium supplementation of the diet--II. BMJ 1989 Jan 28;298(6668):205-8. Comment in: BMJ 1990 Jul 14;301(6743):120 and BMJ 1991 Oct 26;303(6809):1060. Krause VM, Solomons NW, Tucker KL, Lopez Palacios CY, Ruz M, Kuhnlein HV. Rural-urban variation in the calcium, iron, zinc and copper content of tortillas and intake of these minerals from tortillas by women in Guatemala. Ecol Food Nutr 1992;28(4):289-97. Krause VM, Tucker KL, Kuhnlein HV, Lopez Palacios CY, Ruz M, Solomons NW. Rural-urban variation in limed maize use and tortilla consumption by women in Guatemala. Ecol Food Nutr 1992;28(4):279-88. Krogh V, Freudenheim JL, D'Amicis A, Scaccini C, Sette S, Ferro-Luzzi A, Trevisan M. Food sources of nutrients of the diet of elderly Italians: II. Micronutrients. Int J Epidemiol 1993 Oct;22(5):869-77. Magarey A, Seal J, Boulton J. Calcium, fat and p/s ratio in children's diets: a mixed public health message. Aust J Nutr Diet 1991 Jun;48(2):58-61. Mainguet P, Faille I, Destrebecq L, Devogelaer JP, Nagant de Deuxchaisnes C. Lactose intolerance, calcium intake, and osteopenia [letter]. Lancet 1991 Nov 2;338(8775):1156-7. Comment on: Lancet 1991 Aug 24;338(8765):495-6 and Lancet 1991 Sep 14;338(8768):663-4. Murphy SP, Beaton GH, Calloway DH. Estimated mineral intakes of toddlers: predicted prevalence of inadequacy in village populations in Egypt, Kenya, and Mexico. Am J Clin Nutr 1992 Sep;56(3):565-72. Oshaug A, Ostgard LI, Trygg KU. Diet among oil-workers on off-shore oil installations in the Norweigian sector of the North Sea. Br J Nutr 1992 Jul;68(1):11-9. Pardo B, Sygnowska E, Rywik S, Kulesza W, Waskiewicz A. Dietary habits of the middle-aged Warsaw population in 1984 relative to nutritional guidelines. Appetite 1991 Feb;16(1):1-15. Prentice A, Barclay DV. Breast-milk calcium and phosphorus concentrations of mothers in rural Zaire. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991 Dec;45(12):611-7. Prentice A, Laskey MA, Shaw J, Hudson GJ, Day KC, Jarjou LM, Dibba B, Paul AA. The calcium and phosphorus intakes of rural Gambian women during pregnancy and lactation. Br J Nutr 1993 May;69(3):885-96. Richmond J, Strehlow CD, Chalkley SR. Dietary intake of Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn in infants. Br J Biomed Sci 1993 Sep;50(3):178-86. Side X, Mingtang S, Shuquan Z, Zhaomei M, Yinzhi X, Yujun L, Jun W, Kui J. Anthropometric and dietary survey of elderly Chinese. Br J Nutr 1991 Nov;66(3):355-62. Sommerville J, O'Reagan M. The contribution of breakfast to micronutrient adequacy of the Irish diet. J Hum Nutr Dietetics 1993 Jun;6(3):223-8. Speek AJ, Speek Saichua S, Schreurs WHP. Determination of macronutrient and micronutrient levels in Thai foods: an evaluation of the Thai food composition table. Food Chem 1991;40(3):251-62. Srikumar TS. The mineral and trace element composition of vegetables, pulses and cereals of southern India. Food Chem 1993;46(2):163-7. Tiidus P, Shephard RJ, Montelpare W. Overall intake of energy and key nutrients: data for middle-aged and older middle-class adults. Can J Sport Sci 1989 Sep;14(3):173-7. CALCIUM INTAKE: EFFECT ON SKELETAL HEALTH AND DISEASE Clinical Trials Abraham GE, Grewal H. A total dietary program emphasizing magnesium instead of calcium. Effect on the mineral density of calcaneous bone in postmenopausal women on hormonal therapy. J Reprod Med 1990 May;35(5):503-7. Almustafa M, Doyle FH, Gutteridge DH, Hand DJ, Davis TM, Spinks TJ, Freemantle C, Joplin GF. Effects of treatments by calcium and sex hormones on vertebral fracturing in osteoporosis. Q J Med 1992 Apr;83(300):283-94. Aloia JF, Vaswani A, Yeh JK, McGowan DM, Ross P. Biochemical short-term changes produced by hormonal replacement therapy. J Endocrinol Invest 1991 Dec;14(11):927-34. Aloia JF, Vaswani A, Yeh JK, Ross PL, Flaster E, Dilmanian FA. Calcium supplementation with and without hormone replacement therapy to prevent postmenopausal bone loss. Ann Intern Med 1994 Jan 15;120(2):97-103. Basile JN, Liel Y, Shary J, Bell NH. Increased calcium intake does not suppress circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in normocalcemic patients with sarcoidosis. J Clin Invest 1993 Apr;91(4):1396-8. Bilezikian JP. Osteoporosis: on the verge of rational effective therapy? Mt Sinai J Med 1993 Mar;60(2):87-94. Calcium supplementation and bone loss in postmenopausal women. Nutr Rev 1991 Jun;49(6):184-7. Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Duboeuf F, Brun J, Crouzet B, Arnaud S, Delmas PD, Meunier PJ. Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women. N Engl J Med 1992 Dec 3;327(23): 1637-42. Chesnut CH 3d. Osteoporosis and its treatment. N Engl J Med 1992 Feb 6;326(6):406-8. Dawson-Hughes B. Calcium supplementation and bone loss: a review of controlled clinical trials. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jul;54(1 Suppl):274S-280S. Dawson-Hughes B, Dallal GE, Krall EA, Harris S, Sokoll LJ, Falconer G. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on wintertime and overall bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med 1991 Oct 1;115(7):505-12. Comment in: Ann Intern Med 1992 May 1;116(9):775. Dawson-Hughes B, Dallal GE, Krall EA, Sadowski L, Sahyoun N, Tannenbaum S. A controlled trial of the effect of calcium supplementation on bone density in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1990 Sep 27;323(13):878-83. Dawson-Hughes B, Harris S, Kramich C, Dallal G, Rasmussen HM. Calcium retention and hormone levels in black and white women on high- and low-calcium diets. J Bone Miner Res 1993 Jul;8(7): 779-87. Elders PJ, Netelenbos JC, Lips P, van Ginkel FC, Khoe E, Leeuwenkamp OR, Hackeng WH, van der Stelt PF. Calcium supplementation reduces vertebral bone loss in perimenopausal women: a controlled trial in 248 women between 46 and 55 years of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991 Sep;73(3):533-40. Evans RA, Somers NM, Dunstan CR, Royle H, Kos S. The effect of low-dose cyclical etidronate and calcium on bone mass in early postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1993 Mar;3(2):71-5. Flicker L. The use of bone mass screening to prevent fractures. Med J Aust 1991 Jan 21;154(2):135-40. Fujita T, Fukase M, Miyamoto H, Matsumoto T, Ohue T. Increase of bone mineral density by calcium supplement with oyster shell electrolysate. Bone Miner 1990 Oct;11(1):85-91. Hall RT, Wheeler RE, Rippetoe LE. Calcium and phosphorus supplementation after initial hospital discharge in breast-fed infants of less than 1800 grams birth weight. J Perinatol 1993 Jul-Aug;13(4):272-8. Harris S, Dallal GE, Dawson-Hughes B. Influence of body weight on rates of change in bone density of the spine, hip, and radius in postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1992 Jan;50(1):19-23. Harris S, Dawson-Hughes B. Rates of change in bone mineral density of the spine, heel, femoral neck and radius in healthy postmenopausal women. Bone Miner 1992 Apr;17(1):87-95. Honkanen R, Alhava E, Parviainen M, Talasniemi S, Monkkonen R. The necessity and safety of calcium and vitamin D in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990 Aug;38(8):862-6. Johnston CC Jr, Miller JZ, Slemenda CW, Reister TK, Hui S, Christian JC, Peacock M. Calcium supplementation and increases in bone mineral density in children. N Engl J Med 1992 Jul 9; 327(2):82-7. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1992 Jul 9;327(2):119-20. Krall EA, Dawson-Hughes B. Walking is related to bone density and rates of bone loss. Am J Med 1994 Jan;96(1):20-6. Lafage MH, Combe C, Fournier A, Aparicio M. Ketodiet, physiological calcium intake and native vitamin D improve renal osteodystrophy. Kidney Int 1992 Nov;42(5):1217-25. Lau EM, Woo J, Leung PC, Swaminathan R, Leung D. The effects of calcium supplementation and exercise on bone density in elderly Chinese women. Osteoporos Int 1992 Jul;2(4):168-73. Lindsay R, Tohme JF. Estrogen treatment of patients with established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Obstet Gynecol 1990 Aug;76(2):290-5. Lloyd T, Andon MB, Rollings N, Martel JK, Landis JR, Demers LM, Eggli DF, Kieselhorst K, Kulin HE. Calcium supplementation and bone mineral density in adolescent girls. JAMA 1993 Aug 18; 270(7):841-4. Martinez ME, Villa E, Vazquez Martul M, Sanchez-Cabezudo MJ, Sanchez JA, Villa JR. Influence of calcium intake on calcitriol levels in idiopathic hypercalciuria in children. Nephron 1993;65(1):36-9. Meunier PJ. Fluoride therapy for vertebral osteoporosis. In: Munro H, Schlierf G, editors. Nutrition of the elderly. New York: Raven Press; 1992. p. 177-85. (Nestle nutrition workshop series; 29). Meunier PJ. Treatment of vertebral osteoporosis with fluoride and calcium. Prog Clin Biol Res 1990;332:221-30. Meys E, Terreaux-Duvert F, Beaume-Six T, Dureau G, Meunier PJ. Bone loss after cardiac transplantation: effects of calcium, calcidiol and monofluorophosphate. Osteoporos Int 1993 Dec; 3(6):322-9. Nelson ME, Fisher EC, Dilmanian FA, Dallal GE, Evans WJ. A 1-y walking program and increased dietary calcium in postmenopausal women: effects on bone. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 May;53(5):1304-11. Nnakwe N. Menstrual irregularities, nutritional pattern and mineral intake and excretion of female athletes. Nutr Res 1990 Jan;10(1):23-30. Orwoll ES, Oviatt SK, McClung MR, Deftos LJ, Sexton G. The rate of bone mineral loss in normal men and the effects of calcium and cholecalciferol supplementation. Ann Intern Med 1990 Jan 1; 112(1):29-34. Pittard WB 3d, Geddes KM, Sutherland SE, Miller MC, Hollis BW. Longitudinal changes in the bone mineral content of term and premature infants. Am J Dis Child 1990 Jan;144(1):36-40. Comment in: Am J Dis Child 1990 Nov;144(11):1183. Prestridge LL, Schanler RJ, Shulman RJ, Burns PA, Laine LL. Effect of parenteral calcium and phosphorus therapy on mineral retention and bone mineral content in very low birth weight infants. J Pediatr 1993 May;122(5 Pt 1):761-8. Prince R. The calcium controversy revisited: implications of new data. Med J Aust 1993 Sep 20;159(6):404-7. Prince RL. Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis--a comparative study of exercise, calcium supplementation, and hormone-replacement therapy. N Engl J Med 1991 Oct 24;325(17):1189-95. Prince RL, Smith M, Dick IM, Price RI, Webb PG, Henderson NK, Harris MM. Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. A comparative study of exercise, calcium supplementation, and hormone-replacement therapy. N Engl J Med 1991 Oct 24; 325(17):1189-95. Ravnikar VA. Hormonal management of osteoporosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1992 Dec;35(4):913-22. Recker RR. Clinical review 41: Current therapy for osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993 Jan;76(1):14-6. Reid IR, Ames RW, Evans MC, Gamble GD, Sharpe SJ. Effect of calcium supplementation on bone loss in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1993 Feb 18;328(7):460-4. Published erratum appears in N Engl J Med 1993 Oct 21;329(17):1281. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1993 Feb 18;328(7):503-5 and N Engl J Med 1993 Jul 22;329(4):279. Riggs BL, Hodgson SF, O'Fallon WM, Chao EY, Wahner HW, Muhs JM, Cedel SL, Melton LJ 3d. Effect of fluoride treatment on the fracture rate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1990 Mar 22;322(12):802-9. Riis B, Thomsen K, Christiansen C. Does calcium supplementation prevent postmenopausal bone loss? A double-blind, controlled clinical study. N Engl J Med 1987 Jan 22;316(4):173-7. Sakhaee K, Pak CY. Fluoride bioavailability from immediate-release sodium fluoride with calcium carbonate compared with slow-release sodium fluoride with calcium citrate. Bone Miner 1991 Aug;14(2):131-6. Sakhaee K, Zisman A, Poindexter JR, Zerwekh JE, Pak CY. Metabolic effects of thiazide and 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1993 Jul;3(4):209-14. Sambrook P, Birmingham J, Kelly P, Kempler S, Nguyen T, Pocock N, Eisman J. Prevention of corticosteroid osteoporosis. A comparison of calcium, calcitriol, and calcitonin. N Engl J Med 1993 Jun 17;328(24):1747-52. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1993 Jun 17;328(24):1781-2. Schwellnus MP, Jordaan G. Does calcium supplementation prevent bone stress injuries? A clinical trial. Int J Sport Nutr 1992 Jun;2(2):165-74. Singer FR. Clinical efficacy of salmon calcitonin in Paget's disease of bone. Calcif Tissue Int 1991;49 Suppl 2:S7-8. Sokoll LJ, Dawson-Hughes B. Calcium supplementation and plasma ferritin concentrations in premenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1992 Dec;56(6):1045-8. Sorva A, Risteli J, Risteli L, Valimaki M, Tilvis R. Effects of vitamin D and calcium on markers of bone metabolism in geriatric patients with low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Calcif Tissue Int 1991;49 Suppl:S88-9. Stamp T, Katakity M, Goldstein AJ, Jenkins MV, Kelsey CR, Rose GA. Metabolic balance studies of mineral supplementation in osteoporosis. Clin Sci (Colch) 1991 Dec;81(6):799-802. Steiner RW, Ziegler M, Halasz NA, Catherwood BD, Manolagas S, Deftos LJ. Effect of daily oral vitamin D and calcium therapy, hypophosphatemia, and endogenous 1-25 dihydroxycholecalciferol on parathyroid hormone and phosphate wasting in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 1993 Oct;56(4):843-6. Supplementation with vitamin D3 and calcium prevents hip fractures in elderly women. Nutr Rev 1993 Jun;51(6):183-5. Tilyard MW, Spears GF, Thomson J. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with calcitriol or calcium. N Engl J Med 1992 Feb 6;326(6):357-62. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1992 Feb 6;326(6): 406-8. Tilyard MW, Spears GF, Thomson J, Dovey S. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with calcitriol or calcium. N Engl J Med 1992 Feb 6;326(6):357-62. Varghese Z, Moorhead JF, Farrington K. Effect of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate and on parathyroid hormone secretion in chronic renal failure. Nephron 1992;60(3):286-91. Vesterby A, Gundersen HJ, Melsen F, Mosekilde L. Marrow space star volume in the iliac crest decreases in osteoporotic patients after continuous treatment with fluoride, calcium, and vitamin D2 for five years. Bone 1991;12(1):33-7. Villar J, Repke JT. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy may reduce preterm delivery in high-risk populations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990 Oct;163(4 Pt 1):1124-31. Weigel RM, Narvaez M. Multiple regression analysis of differential response to treatment in randomized controlled clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1991 Jun;12(3):378-94. Observational Epidemiology Abelow BJ, Holford TR, Insogna KL. Cross-cultural association between dietary animal protein and hip fracture: a hypothesis. Calcif Tissue Int 1992 Jan;50(1):14-8. Adebajo AO. Dietary calcium, physical activity, and risk of hip fracture [letter]. BMJ 1989 Nov 4;299(6708):1165. Comment on: BMJ 1989 Oct 7;299(6704):889-92. Aloia JF, McGowan DM, Vaswani AN, Ross P, Cohn SH. Relationship of menopause to skeletal and muscle mass. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jun;53(6):1378-83. Anderson DC. Osteoporosis in men. BMJ 1992 Aug 29;305(6852):489-90. Anderson JJ, Metz JA. Contributions of dietary calcium and physical activity to primary prevention of osteoporosis in females. J Am Coll Nutr 1993 Aug;12(4):378-83. Andon MB, Smith KT, Bracker M, Sartoris D, Saltman P, Strause L. Spinal bone density and calcium intake in healthy postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Nov;54(5):927-9. Arnaud CD, Sanchez SD. The role of calcium in osteoporosis. Annu Rev Nutr 1990;10:397-414. Avioli LV. The osteoporotic problem. In: Tsang RC, Mimouni F, editors. Calcium nutriture for mothers and children. New York: Raven Press; 1992. p. 53-63. (Carnation nutrition education series; 3). Avioli LV, Heaney RP. Calcium intake and bone health [editorial]. Calcif Tissue Int 1991 Apr;48(4):221-3. Bachrach LK, Guido D, Katzman D, Litt IF, Marcus R. Decreased bone density in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Pediatrics 1990 Sep;86(3):440-7. Barger-Lux MJ. Re: "Caffeine and the risk of hip fracture: the Framingham Study" [letter]. Am J Epidemiol 1991 Mar 15;133(6):629-31. Comment on: Am J Epidemiol 1990 Oct;132(4):675-84. Bauer DC, Browner WS, Cauley JA, Orwoll ES, Scott JC, Black DM, Tao JL, Cummings SR. Factors associated with appendicular bone mass in older women. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Ann Intern Med 1993 May 1;118(9):657-65. Comment in: Ann Intern Med 1993 May 1;118(9):741-2. Bazzarre TL, Scarpino A, Sigmon R, Marquart LF, Wu SL, Izurieta M. Vitamin-mineral supplement use and nutritional status of athletes. J Am Coll Nutr 1993 Apr;12(2):162-9. Beard CM, Melton LJ 3d, Cedel SL, Richelson LS, Riggs BL. Ascertainment of risk factors for osteoporosis: comparison of interview data with medical record review. J Bone Miner Res 1990 Jul;5(7):691-9. Beaudette T. Diet and exercise in the prevention and control of chronic disease. Semin Nutr 1989 Jul-Aug;8(6):1-24. Beaudette T. The role of nutrition in the prevention and management of osteoporosis. Semin Nutr 1992 Mar-Apr;11(4):1-18. Bell NH, Shary J, Stevens J, Garza M, Gordon L, Edwards J. Demonstration that bone mass is greater in black than in white children. J Bone Miner Res 1991 Jul;6(7):719-23. Bergstralh EJ, Sinaki M, Offord KP, Wahner HW, Melton LJ 3d. Effect of season on physical activity score, back extensor muscle strength, and lumbar bone mineral density. J Bone Miner Res 1990 Apr;5(4):371-7. Comment in: J Bone Miner Res 1990 Dec;5(12):1271-2. Birge SJ. Osteoporosis and hip fracture. Clin Geriatr Med 1993 Feb;9(1):69-86. Bonjour JP, Rapin CH, Rizzoli R, Tkatch L, Delmi M, Chevalley T, Nydegger V, Slosman D, Vasey H. Hip fracture, femoral bone mineral density, and protein supply in elderly patients. In: Munro H, Schlierf G, editors. Nutrition of the elderly. New York: Raven Press; 1992. p. 151-9. (Nestle nutrition workshop series; 29). Bonjour JP, Theintz G, Buchs B, Slosman D, Clavien H, Rizzoli R. Variation in spinal and femoral bone mass gain, energy and calcium intake during adolescence. Osteoporos Int 1993;3 Suppl 1:67-8. Calcium and osteoporosis. Med J Aust 1990 Aug 20;153(4):237-9. Comment on: Med J Aust 1990 Apr 16;152(8):431-3. Calcium and osteoporosis: new insights. Dairy Counc Dig 1992 Jan-Feb;63(1):1-6. Callegari C, Lami F, Levantesi F, Andreacchio AM, Tatali M, Miglioli M, Gnudi S, Barbara L. Post-menopausal bone density, lactase deficiency and milk consumption. J Hum Nutr Diet 1990 Jun;3(3):159-64. Casey J H. The calcium controversy revisited: implications of new data [letter]. Med J Aust 1994 Feb 7;160(3):162-3. Chan GM. Dietary calcium and bone mineral status of children and adolescents. Am J Dis Child 1991 Jun;145(6):631-4. Chan GM. Growth and bone mineral status of discharged very low birth weight infants fed different formulas or human milk. J Pediatr 1993 Sep;123(3):439-43. Chesnut CH 3d. Is osteoporosis a pediatric disease? Peak bone mass attainment in the adolescent female. Public Health Rep 1989 Sep-Oct;104 Suppl:50-4. Chi I, Pun KK. Dietary calcium intake and other risk factors: study of the fractured patients in Hong Kong. J Nutr Elder 1991;10(4):73-87. Cimino PM, Brinker MR, Cook SD, Harding AF. The effects of calcium on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with Colles fractures. J La State Med Soc 1989 Nov;141(11):24-9. Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, Kotowicz M, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ 3d. Secular trends in the incidence of postmenopausal vertebral fractures. Calcif Tissue Int 1992 Aug;51(2):100-4. Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ 3d. Incidence of clinically diagnosed vertebral fractures: a population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota, 1985-1989. J Bone Miner Res 1992 Feb;7(2):221-7. Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Judd HL, Melton LJ 3d. Is caffeine consumption a risk factor for osteoporosis? J Bone Miner Res 1992 Apr;7(4):465-71. Cumming RG. Calcium intake and bone mass: a quantitative review of the evidence. Calcif Tissue Int 1990 Oct;47(4):194-201. Cumming RG, Klineberg RJ. Breastfeeding and other reproductive factors and the risk of hip fractures in elderly women. Int J Epidemiol 1993 Aug;22(4): 684-91. Published erratum appears in Int J Epidemiol 1993 Oct;22(5):962. Cumming RG, Klineberg RJ. Case-control study of risk factors for hip fractures in the elderly. Am J Epidemiol 1994 Mar 1;139(5):493-503. Cutler WB, Friedmann E, Genovese-Stone E. Prevalence of kyphosis in a healthy sample of pre- and postmenopausal women. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1993 Aug;72(4):219-25. Dalsky GP. Effect of exercise on bone: permissive influence of estrogen and calcium. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990 Jun;22(3):281-5. Dawson-Hughes B, Krall EA, Harris S. Risk factors for bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1993;3 Suppl 1:27-31. DeSimone DP, Stevens J, Edwards J, Shary J, Gordon L, Bell NH. Influence of body habitus and race on bone mineral density of the midradius, hip, and spine in aging women. J Bone Miner Res 1989 Dec;4(6):827-30. Draper HH. Nutrition and osteoporosis. Can Med Assoc J 1991 Apr 1;144(7):889. Comment in: Can Med Assoc J 1991 Sep 1;145(5):389-91. Eisman JA, Kelly PJ, Morrison NA, Pocock NA, Yeoman R, Birmingham J, Sambrook PN. Peak bone mass and osteoporosis prevention. Osteoporos Int 1993;3 Suppl 1:56-60. Eisman JA, Sambrook PN, Kelly PJ, Pocock NA. Exercise and its interaction with genetic influences in the determination of bone mineral density. Am J Med 1991 Nov 25;91(5B):5S-9S. Elders PJ, Netelenbos JC, Lips P, Khoe E, van Ginkel FC, Hulshof KF, van der Stelt PF. Perimenopausal bone mass and risk factors. Bone Miner 1989 Nov;7(3):289-99. Fehily AM, Coles RJ, Evans WD, Elwood PC. Factors affecting bone density in young adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1992 Sep;56(3):579-86. Feldblum PJ, Zhang J, Rich LE, Fortney JA, Talmage RV. Lactation history and bone mineral density among perimenopausal women. Epidemiology 1992 Nov;3(6):527-31. Fujita T, Fukase M. Comparison of osteoporosis and calcium intake between Japan and the United States. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1992 Jun;200(2):149-52. George BO, Alalade Ajayi O. Dietary intake and bone density measurements of peasant farmers. Nutr Res 1992 Jul;12(7):801-13. Griffin MR, Ray WA, Fought RL, Melton LJ 3d. Black-white differences in fracture rates. Am J Epidemiol 1992 Dec 1;136(11):1378-85. Hay PJ, Delahunt JW, Hall A, Mitchell AW, Harper G, Salmond C. Predictors of osteopenia in premenopausal women with anorexia nervosa. Calcif Tissue Int 1992 Jun;50(6):498-501. Heaney RP. Effect of calcium on skeletal development, bone loss, and risk of fractures. Am J Med 1991 Nov 25;91(5B):23S-28S. Hernandez-Avila M, Stampfer MJ, Ravnikar VA, Willett WC, Schiff I, Francis M, Longcope C, McKinlay SM, Longscope C [corrected to Longcope C]. Caffeine and other predictors of bone density among pre- and perimenopausal women. Epidemiology 1993 Mar;4(2):128-34. Published errata appear in Epidemiology 1993 May;4(3):279 and Epidemiology 1993 Nov;4(6):563. Hirota T, Nara M, Ohguri M, Manago E, Hirota K. Effect of diet and lifestyle on bone mass in Asian young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1992 Jun;55(6):1168-73. Ho SC, Bacon WE, Harris T, Looker A, Maggi S. Hip fracture rates in Hong Kong and the United States, 1988 through 1989. Am J Public Health 1993 May;83(5):694-7. Holm K, Wilbur J, Dan A, Montgomery A, Chandler P, Walker J. Bone loss in mid-life women. J Womens Health 1992 Summer;1(2):131-6. Hu JF, Zhao XH, Jia JB, Parpia B, Campbell TC. Dietary calcium and bone density among middle-aged and elderly women in China. Am J Clin Nutr 1993 Aug;58(2):219-27. Hui SL, Slemenda CW, Johnston CC Jr. The contribution of bone loss to postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1990 Oct;1(1):30-4. Hunt IF, Murphy NJ, Clark VA, Judd HL, Cedars MI, Browdy BL. Bone mineral content in postmenopausal women, calcium intake early in life, and estrogen therapy. Nutr Res 1990 Oct;10(10):1061-71. Jackson JA, Kleerekoper M. Osteoporosis in men: diagnosis, pathophysiology, and prevention. Medicine (Baltimore) 1990 May;69(3):137-52. Jaglal SB, Kreiger N, Darlington G. Past and recent physical activity and risk of hip fracture. Am J Epidemiol 1993 Jul 15;138(2):107-18. Johnston CC Jr, Slemenda CW. Determinants of peak bone mass. Osteoporos Int 1993;3 Suppl 1:54-5. Kelly PJ, Eisman JA, Sambrook PN. Interaction of genetic and environmental influences on peak bone density. Osteoporos Int 1990 Oct;1(1):56-60. Kelly PJ, Pocock NA, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA. Dietary calcium, sex hormones, and bone mineral density in men. BMJ 1990 May 26;300(6736):1361-4. Kiriike N, Iketani T, Nakanishi S, Nagata T, Inoue K, Okuno M, Ochi H, Kawakita Y. Reduced bone density and major hormones regulating calcium metabolism in anorexia nervosa. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992 Nov;86(5):358-63. Krall EA, Dawson-Hughes B. Heritable and life-style determinants of bone mineral density. J Bone Miner Res 1993 Jan;8(1):1-9. Krall EA, Sahyoun N, Tannenbaum S, Dallal GE, Dawson-Hughes B. Effect of vitamin D intake on seasonal variations in parathyroid hormone secretion in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1989 Dec 28;321(26):1777-83. Kreiger N, Gross A, Hunter G. Dietary factors and fracture in postmenopausal women: a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol 1992 Oct;21(5):953-8. Laitinen K, Valimaki M, Lamberg-Allardt C, Kivisaari L, Lalla M, Karkkainen M, Ylikahri R. Deranged vitamin D metabolism but normal bone mineral density in Finnish noncirrhotic male alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1990 Aug;14(4):551-6. Laraque D, McCormick M, Norman M, Taylor A, Weller SC, Karp J. Blood lead, calcium status, and behavior in preschool children. Am J Dis Child 1990 Feb;144(2):186-9. Larchet M, Garabedian M, Bourdeau A, Gorski AM, Goulet O, Ricour C. Calcium metabolism in children during long-term total parenteral nutrition: the influence of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D intakes. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1991 Nov; 13(4):367-75. Lau EM, Cooper C. Epidemiology and prevention of osteoporosis in urbanized Asian populations. Osteoporos Int 1993;3 Suppl 1:23-6. Lee WT, Leung SS, Lui SS, Lau J. Relationship between long-term calcium intake and bone mineral content of children aged from birth to 5 years. Br J Nutr 1993 Jul;70(1):235-48. Licata AA, Jones-Gall D. Effect of supplemental calcium on serum and urinary calcium in osteoporotic patients. J Am Coll Nutr 1992 Apr;11(2):164-7. Lindsay R, Nieves J, Golden A, Kelsey J. Bone mass among premenopausal women. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud 1993;38 Suppl 2:83-7. Liscum B. Osteoporosis: the silent disease. Orthop Nurs 1992 Jul-Aug;11(4):21-5. Lloyd T, Schaeffer JM, Walker MA, Demers LM. Urinary hormonal concentrations and spinal bone densities of premenopausal vegetarian and nonvegetarian women. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Dec; 54(6):1005-10. Looker AC, Harris TB, Madans JH, Sempos CT. Dietary calcium and hip fracture risk: the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study. Osteoporos Int 1993 Jul;3(4):177-84. Looker AC, Harris TB, Wahner HW. Assessing hip fracture risk in a population-based health survey: the NHANES III osteoporosis component. Aging (Milano) 1992 Mar;4(1):53-60. Lutz J, Tesar R. Mother-daughter pairs: spinal and femoral bone densities and dietary intakes. Am J Clin Nutr 1990 Nov;52(5):872-7. Mann T, Oviatt SK, Wilson D, Nelson D, Orwoll ES. Vertebral deformity in men. J Bone Miner Res 1992 Nov;7(11):1259-65. Matkovic V, Ilich J, Hsieh L. Influence of age, sex and diet on bone mass and fracture rate. Osteoporos Int 1993;3 Suppl 1:20-2. Matkovic V, Kostial K, Simonovic I, Buzina R, Brodarec A, Nordin BE. Bone status and fracture rates in two regions of Yugoslavia. Am J Clin Nutr 1979 Mar;32(3):540-9. Mazess RB, Barden HS. Bone density in premenopausal women: effects of age, dietary intake, physical activity, smoking, and birth-control pills. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jan;53(1):132-42. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jul;54(1):169-71. McCulloch RG, Bailey DA, Houston CS, Dodd BL. Effects of physical activity, dietary calcium intake and selected lifestyle factors on bone density in young women. Can Med Assoc J 1990 Feb 1; 142(3):221-7. McMurtry CT, Young SE, Downs RW, Adler RA. Mild vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in nursing home patients receiving adequate dietary vitamin D. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992 Apr;40(4):343-7. Metz JA, Anderson JJ, Gallagher PN Jr. Intakes of calcium, phosphorus, and protein, and physical-activity level are related to radial bone mass in young adult women. Am J Clin Nutr 1993 Oct;58(4):537-42. Michel BA, Bloch DA, Fries JF. Physical activity and fractures over the age of fifty years. Int Orthop 1992;16(1):87-91. Minne HW. General aspects of calcium: skeleton dependency on an appropriate calcium supply. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1992 May;14(4):273. Mithal A, Trivedi N, Gupta SK, Kumar S, Gupta RK. Radiological spectrum of endemic fluorosis: relationship with calcium intake. Skeletal Radiol 1993;22(4):257-61. Moyer-Mileur L, Chan GM, Gill G. Evaluation of liquid or powdered fortification of human milk on growth and bone mineralization status of preterm infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1992 Nov; 15(4):370-4. Myburgh KH, Hutchins J, Fataar AB, Hough SF, Noakes TD. Low bone density is an etiologic factor for stress fractures in athletes. Ann Intern Med 1990 Nov 15;113(10):754-9. Nelson M, Mayer AB, Rutherford O, Jones D. Calcium intake, physical activity and bone mass in pre-menopausal women. J Hum Nutr Diet 1991 Jun;4(3):171-8. Nishizawa Y, Koyama H, Shoji T, Tahara H, Hagiwara S, Aratani H, Nakatsuka K, Miki T, Morii H. Altered calcium homeostasis accompanying changes of regional bone mineral during a very-low-calorie diet. Am J Clin Nutr 1992 Jul;56(1 Suppl):265S-267S. O'Dowd KJ, Clemens TL, Kelsey JL, Lindsay R. Exogenous calciferol (vitamin D) and vitamin D endocrine status among elderly nursing home residents in the New York City area. J Am Geriatr Soc 1993 Apr;41(4):414-21. Comment in: J Am Geriatr Soc 1993 Dec;41(12):1370-1. Oliveri MB, Ladizesky M, Sotelo A, Griffo S, Ballesteros G, Mautalen CA. Nutritional rickets in Argentina. In: Glorieux FH, editor. Rickets. New York: Raven Press; 1991. p. 233-45. (Nestle nutrition workshop series; 21). Packer E, Holloway L, Newhall K, Kanwar G, Butterfield G, Marcus R. Effects of estrogen on daylong circulating calcium, phosphorus, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and parathyroid hormone in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 1990 Aug;5(8):877-84. Paganini-Hill A, Chao A, Ross RK, Henderson BE. Exercise and other factors in the prevention of hip fracture: the Leisure World study. Epidemiology 1991 Jan;2(1):16-25. Prentice A, Shaw J, Laskey MA, Cole TJ, Fraser DR. Bone mineral content of British and rural Gambian women aged 18-80+ years. Bone Miner 1991 Mar;12(3):201-14. Prince R, Dick I, Devine A, Kerr D, Criddle RA, Price R, Webb PG. Importance of bone resorption in the determination of bone density in women more than 10 years past the menopause. J Bone Miner Res 1993 Nov;8(11):1273-9. Rigotti NA, Neer RM, Skates SJ, Herzog DB, Nussbaum SR. The clinical course of osteoporosis in anorexia nervosa: a longitudinal study of cortical bone mass. JAMA 1991 Mar 6;265(9):1133-8. Rubin K, Schirduan V, Gendreau P, Sarfarazi M, Mendola R, Dalsky G. Predictors of axial and peripheral bone mineral density in healthy children and adolescents, with special attention to the role of puberty. J Pediatr 1993 Dec;123(6):863-70. Rutherford OM. Spine and total body bone mineral density in amenorrheic endurance athletes. J Appl Physiol 1993 Jun;74(6):2904-8. Salamone LM, Dallal GE, Zantos D, Makrauer F, Dawson-Hughes B. Contributions of vitamin D intake and seasonal sunlight exposure to plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in elderly women. Am J Clin Nutr 1994 Jan;59(1):80-6. Salisbury JJ, Mitchell JE. Bone mineral density and anorexia nervosa in women. Am J Psychiatry 1991 Jun;148(6):768-74. Comment in: Am J Psychiatry 1992 Mar;149(3):415-6. Saltman PD, Strause LG. The role of trace minerals in osteoporosis. J Am Coll Nutr 1993 Aug;12(4):384-9. Sentipal JM, Wardlaw GM, Mahan J, Matkovic V. Influence of calcium intake and growth indexes on vertebral bone mineral density in young females. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Aug;54(2):425-8. Simopoulos AP, Galli C, editors. Osteoporosis: nutritional aspects. New York: Karger; 1993. 108 p. (World review of nutrition and dietetics; 73). Slemenda CW, Christian JC, Reed T, Reister TK, Williams CJ, Johnston CC Jr. Long-term bone loss in men: effects of genetic and environmental factors. Ann Intern Med 1992 Aug 15;117(4): 286-91. Slemenda CW, Christian JC, Williams CJ, Norton JA, Johnston CC Jr. Genetic determinants of bone mass in adult women: a reevaluation of the twin model and the potential importance of gene interaction on heritability estimates. J Bone Miner Res 1991 Jun;6(6):561-7. Slemenda CW, Hui SL, Longcope C, Wellman H, Johnston CC Jr. Predictors of bone mass in perimenopausal women. A prospective study of clinical data using photon absorptiometry. Ann Intern Med 1990 Jan 15;112(2):96-101. Slemenda CW, Miller JZ, Hui SL, Reister TK, Johnston CC Jr. Role of physical activity in the development of skeletal mass in children. J Bone Miner Res 1991 Nov;6(11):1227-33. Sowers M. Epidemiology of calcium and vitamin D in bone loss. J Nutr 1993 Feb;123(2 Suppl):413-7. Sowers MF, Clark MK, Jannausch ML, Wallace RB. A prospective study of bone mineral content and fracture in communities with differential fluoride exposure. Am J Epidemiol 1991 Apr 1;133(7): 649-60. Sowers MR, Clark MK, Jannausch ML, Wallace RB. Body size, estrogen use and thiazide diuretic use affect 5-year radial bone loss in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1993 Dec;3(6):314-21. Stracke H, Renner E, Knie G, Leidig G, Minne H, Federlin K. Osteoporosis and bone metabolic parameters in dependence upon calcium intake through milk and milk products. Eur J Clin Nutr 1993 Sep;47(9):617-22. Turner JG, Gilchrist NL, Ayling EM, Hassall AJ, Hooke EA, Sadler WA. Factors affecting bone mineral density in high school girls. N Z Med J 1992 Mar 25;105(930):95-6. Tylavsky FA, Anderson JJ, Talmage RV, Taft TN. Are calcium intakes and physical activity patterns during adolescence related to radial bone mass of white college-age females? Osteoporos Int 1992 Sep;2(5):232-40. van Beresteijn EC, van Laarhoven JP, Smals AG. Body weight and/or endogenous estradiol as determinants of cortical bone mass and bone loss in healthy early postmenopausal women. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1992 Sep;127(3):226-30. van Beresteijn EC, van't Hof MA, de Waard H, Raymakers JA, Duursma SA. Relation of axial bone mass to habitual calcium intake and to cortical bone loss in healthy early postmenopausal women. Bone 1990;11(1):7-13. van Beresteijn EC, van 't Hof MA, Schaafsma G, de Waard H, Duursma SA. Habitual dietary calcium intake and cortical bone loss in perimenopausal women: a longitudinal study. Calcif Tissue Int 1990 Dec;47(6):338-44. Verd S, Mariano C, de Roque C, Gonzalez M, Vidal M, Dominguez J. Dietary calcium and bone health [letter]. Am J Dis Child 1992 Jun;146(6):660-1. Wheadon M, Goulding A, Barbezat GO, Campbell AJ. Lactose malabsorption and calcium intake as risk factors for osteoporosis in elderly New Zealand women. N Z Med J 1991 Oct 9;104(921):417-9. Wickham CA, Walsh K, Cooper C, Barker DJ, Margetts BM, Morris J, Bruce SA. Dietary calcium, physical activity, and risk of hip fracture: a prospective study. BMJ 1989 Oct 7;299(6704):889-92. Comment in: BMJ 1989 Nov 4;299(6708):1165. Wilkinson TJ, Elliot JR, Gilchrist NL, March RL, Ayling E, Turner J. Asymptomatic low bone mineral density in otherwise healthy people: four year follow up. N Z Med J 1993 Sep 8;106(963): 377-8. Wolman RL, Clark P, McNally E, Harries MG, Reeve J. Dietary calcium as a statistical determinant of spinal trabecular bone density in amenorrhoeic and oestrogen-replete athletes. Bone Miner 1992 Jun;17(3):415-23. Zhang J, Feldblum PJ, Fortney JA. Moderate physical activity and bone density among perimenopausal women. Am J Public Health 1992 May;82(5):736-8. Zhang J, Fortney JA, Feldblum PJ. Re: "Pregnancy and lactation as determinants of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women." [letter]. Am J Epidemiol 1993 Dec 1;138(11):1020-1. Metabolic Studies and Nutrient Interactions Abraham GE. The importance of magnesium in the management of primary postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Nutr Med 1991;2(2):165-78. Abrams SA. Pubertal changes in calcium kinetics in girls assessed using 42Ca. Pediatr Res 1993 Oct;34(4):455-9. Abrams SA, Esteban NV, Vieira NE, Sidbury JB, Specker BL, Yergey AL. Developmental changes in calcium kinetics in children assessed using stable isotopes. J Bone Miner Res 1992 Mar;7(3):287-93. Abrams SA, Esteban NV, Vieira NE, Yergey AL. Dual tracer stable isotopic assessment of calcium absorption and endogenous fecal excretion in low birth weight infants. Pediatr Res 1991 Jun;29(6):615-8. Abrams SA, Sidbury JB, Muenzer J, Esteban NV, Vieira NE, Yergey AL. Stable isotopic measurement of endogenous fecal calcium excretion in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1991 May; 12(4):469-73. Abrams SA, Silber TJ, Esteban NV, Vieira NE, Stuff JE, Meyers R, Majd M, Yergey AL. Mineral balance and bone turnover in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. J Pediatr 1993 Aug;123(2): 326-31. Adami S, Gatti D, Bertoldo F, Rossini M, Fratta-Pasini A, Zamberlan N, Facci E, Lo Cascio V. The effects of menopause and estrogen replacement therapy on the renal handling of calcium. Osteoporos Int 1992 Jul;2(4):180-5. Awad AB, Short ME, Fink CS. Effect of excess dietary calcium on colon mucosal membranes and fecal lipids. Lipids 1990 Jul;25(7):379-82. Baran D, Sorensen A, Grimes J, Lew R, Karellas A, Johnson B, Roche J. Dietary modification with dairy products for preventing vertebral bone loss in premenopausal women: a three-year prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990 Jan;70(1): 264-70. Barger Lux MJ, Heaney RP, Stegman MR. Effects of moderate caffeine intake on the calcium economy of premenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1990 Oct;52(4):722-5. Barger-Lux MJ. Calcium supplementation and iron absorption [letter]. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Sep;54(3):607. Comment on: Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jan;53(1):106-11. Barger-Lux MJ, Heaney RP. Effects of calcium restriction on metabolic characteristics of premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993 Jan;76(1):103-7. Bell NH, Yergey AL, Vieira NE, Oexmann MJ, Shary JR. Demonstration of a difference in urinary calcium, not calcium absorption, in black and white adolescents. J Bone Miner Res 1993 Sep;8(9):1111-5. Beresteijn ECH van, Brussaard JH, Schaik M van. Relationship between the calcium-to-protein ratio in milk and the urinary calcium excretion in healthy adults--a controlled crossover study. J Food Sci Technol 1990 Jul;52(1):142-6. Brink EJ, van Beresteijn EC, Dekker PR, Beynen AC. Urinary excretion of magnesium and calcium as an index of absorption is not affected by lactose intake in healthy adults. Br J Nutr 1993 May;69(3):863-70. Bronner F, Abrams SA. Urinary and fecal endogenous calcium excretion in the age range of 5-15 y [letter]. Am J Clin Nutr 1993 Jun;57(6):944. Comment on: Am J Clin Nutr 1992 Dec;56(6): 1037-44. Bronner F, Salle BL, Putet G, Rigo J, Senterre J. Net calcium absorption in premature infants: results of 103 metabolic balance studies. Am J Clin Nutr 1992 Dec;56(6):1037-44. Published erratum appears in: Am J Clin Nutr 1993 Mar;57(3):451. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr 1993 Jun;57(6):944. Calvo MS. Dietary phosphorus, calcium metabolism and bone. J Nutr 1993 Sep;123(9):1627-33. Calvo MS, Kumar R, Heath H. Persistently elevated parathyroid hormone secretion and action in young women after four weeks of ingesting high phosphorus, low calcium diets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990 May;70(5):1334-40. Charles P, Eriksen EF, Hasling C, Sondergard K, Mosekilde L. Dermal, intestinal, and renal obligatory losses of calcium: relation to skeletal calcium loss. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jul;54(1 Suppl):266S-273S. Civitelli R, Villareal DT, Agnusdei D, Nardi P, Avioli LV, Gennari C. Dietary L-lysine and calcium metabolism in humans. Nutrition 1992 Nov-Dec;8(6):400-5. Cook JD, Dassenko SA, Whittaker P. Calcium supplementation: effect on iron absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jan;53(1):106-11. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Sep;54(3):607. Cruz MLA, Tsang RC. Introduction to infant mineral metabolism. In: Tsang RC, Mimouni F, editors. Calcium nutriture for mothers and children. New York: Raven Press; 1992. p. 1-12. (Carnation nutrition education series; 3). Davidsson L, Cederblad A, Lonnerdal B, Sandstrom B. The effect of individual dietary components on manganese absorption in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Dec;54(6):1065-70. De Vizia B, Mansi A. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism in full-term infants. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 1992 Sep;140(9 Suppl 1):S8-12. Deehr MS, Dallal GE, Smith KT, Taulbee JD, Dawson-Hughes B. Effects of different calcium sources on iron absorption in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1990 Jan;51(1):95-9. DeLuca HF. Vitamin D, calcium, and metabolic bone disease. In: Halsted CH, Rucker RB, editors. Nutrition and the origins of disease. San Diego (CA): Academic Press; 1989. p. 109-27. (Bristol Myers Squibb Mead Johnson nutrition symposium; 7). Delvin EE, Salle BL, Glorieux FH. Vitamin D and calcium homeostasis in pregnancy: feto-maternal relationships. In: Glorieux FH, editor. Rickets. New York: Raven Press; 1991. p. 91-105. (Nestle nutrition workshop series; 21). deSouza AC, Nakamura T, Stergiopoulos K, Shiraki M, Ouchi Y, Orimo H. Calcium requirement in elderly Japanese women. Gerontology 1991;37 Suppl 1:43-7. Devine A, Prince RL, Kerr DA, Dick IM, Criddle RA, Kent GN, Price RI, Webb PG. Correlates of intestinal calcium absorption in women 10 years past the menopause. Calcif Tissue Int 1993 May; 52(5):358-60. Dilena BA, White GH. The responses of plasma ionised calcium and intact parathyrin to calcium supplementation in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr Scand 1991 Nov;80(11):1098-100. Eastell R, Calvo MS, Burritt MF, Offord KP, Russell RG, Riggs BL. Abnormalities in circadian patterns of bone resorption and renal calcium conservation in type I osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992 Mar;74(3):487-94. Eastell R, Yergey AL, Vieira NE, Cedel SL, Kumar R, Riggs BL. Interrelationship among vitamin D metabolism, true calcium absorption, parathyroid function, and age in women: evidence of an age-related intestinal resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D action. J Bone Miner Res 1991 Feb;6(2):125-32. Einhorn TA, Levine B, Michel P. Nutrition and bone. Orthop Clin North Am 1990 Jan;21(1):43-50. Ekman M, Reizenstein P, Teigen SW, Ronneberg R. Comparative absorption of calcium from carbonate tablets, lactogluconate/carbonate effervescent tablet, and chloride solution. Bone 1991;12(2):93-7. Fairweather-Tait SJ, Johnson A, Wright AJA. The effect of dietary calcium intake in weanling rats on the efficiency of calcium absorption. Br J Nutr 1993 Mar;69(2):527-32. Fraser DR. Physiology of vitamin D and calcium homeostasis. In: Glorieux FH, editor. Rickets. New York: Raven Press; 1991. p. 23-34. (Nestle nutrition workshop series; 21). Fullmer CS. Intestinal calcium absorption: calcium entry. J Nutr 1992 Mar;122(3S):644-50. Gennari C. Differential effect of glucocorticoids on calcium absorption and bone mass. Br J Rheumatol 1993 May;32 Suppl 2:11-4. Greer FR. Pediatric calcium needs and metabolism beyond infancy. In: Tsang RC, Mimouni F, editors. Calcium nutriture for mothers and children. New York: Raven Press; 1992. p. 13-26. (Carnation nutrition education series; 3). Halioua L, Anderson JJ. Lifetime calcium intake and physical activity habits: independent and combined effects on the radial bone of healthy premenopausal Caucasian women. Am J Clin Nutr 1989 Mar;49(3):534-41. Hallberg L, Brune M, Erlandsson M, Sandberg AS, Rossander Hulten L. Calcium: effect of different amounts on nonheme- and heme-iron absorption in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jan;53(1):112-9. Hallberg L, Rossander Hulten L, Brune M. Prevention of iron deficiency by diet. In: Fomon SJ, Zlotkin S, editors. Nutritional anemias. New York: Raven Press; 1992. p. 169-81. (Nestle nutrition workshop series; 30). Hallberg L, Rossander-Hulten L, Brune M, Gleerup A. Calcium and iron absorption: mechanism of action and nutritional importance. Eur J Clin Nutr 1992 May;46(5):317-27. Hallberg L, Rossander-Hulthen L, Brune M, Gleerup A. Inhibition of haem-iron absorption in man by calcium. Br J Nutr 1993 Mar;69(2):533-40. Haram K, Thordarson H, Hervig T. Calcium homeostasis in pregnancy and lactation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1993 Oct;72(7):509-13. Hasling C, Charles P, Jensen FT, Mosekilde L. Calcium metabolism in postmenopausal osteoporosis: the influence of dietary calcium and net absorbed calcium. J Bone Miner Res 1990 Sep;5(9):939-46. Hasling C, Sondergaard K, Charles P, Mosekilde L. Calcium metabolism in postmenopausal osteoporotic women is determined by dietary calcium and coffee intake. J Nutr 1992 May;122(5):1119-26. Hassan TJ, Ibrahim K, Jafarey SN. Dietary and serum calcium in pregnant women. JPMA J Pak Med Assoc 1991 Nov;41(11):278-9. He J, Tell GS, Tang YC, Mo PS, He GQ. Effect of dietary electrolytes upon calcium excretion: the Yi People Study. J Hypertens 1992 Jul;10(7):671-6. Hermann J, Arquitt A, Hanson C. Relationships between dietary minerals and plasma lipids and glucose among older adults. J Nutr Elderly 1993;12(3):1-14. Hillman LS, Johnson LS, Lee DZ, Vieira NE, Yergey AL. Measurement of true absorption, endogenous fecal excretion, urinary excretion, and retention of calcium in term infants by using a dual-tracer, stable-isotope method. J Pediatr 1993 Sep;123(3): 444-56. Hu JF, Zhao XH, Parpia B, Campbell TC. Dietary intakes and urinary excretion of calcium and acids: a cross-sectional study of women in China. Am J Clin Nutr 1993 Sep;58(3):398-406. Kanders B, Dempster DW, Lindsay R. Interaction of calcium nutrition and physical activity on bone mass in young women. J Bone Miner Res 1988 Apr;3(2):145-9. Kent GN, Price RI, Gutteridge DH, Allen JR, Blakeman SL, Bhagat CI, StJohn A, Barnes MP, Smith M, Evans DV. Acute effects of an oral calcium load in pregnancy and lactation: findings on renal calcium conservation and biochemical indices of bone turnover. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1991;17(1):1-7. Kent GN, Price RI, Gutteridge DH, Allen JR, Rosman KJ, Smith M, Bhagat CI, Wilson SG, Retallack RW. Effect of pregnancy and lactation on maternal bone mass and calcium metabolism. Osteoporos Int 1993;3 Suppl 1:44-7. Kent GN, Price RI, Gutteridge DH, Rosman KJ, Smith M, Allen JR, Hickling CJ, Blakeman SL. The efficiency of intestinal calcium absorption is increased in late pregnancy but not in established lactation. Calcif Tissue Int 1991 Apr;48(4):293-5. Knox TA, Kassarjian Z, Dawson-Hughes B, Golner BB, Dallal GE, Arora S, Russell RM. Calcium absorption in elderly subjects on high- and low-fiber diets: effect of gastric acidity. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jun;53(6):1480-6. Kochersberger G, Westlund R, Lyles KW. The metabolic effects of calcium supplementation in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991 Feb;39(2):192-6. Kotowicz MA, Melton LJ 3d, Cedel SL, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Effect of age on variables relating to calcium and phosphorus metabolism in women. J Bone Miner Res 1990 Apr;5(4):345-52. Krall EA, Dawson-Hughes B. Relation of fractional 47Ca retention to season and rates of bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 1991 Dec;6(12):1323-9. Krall EA, Dawson-Hughes B. Smoking and bone loss among postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 1991 Apr;6(4):331-8. Kurz P, Ewald U, Tsobanelis T, Roth P, Werner E, Vlachojannis J, Grutzmacher P. Altered pattern of calcium kinetics in hemodialysis patients after parathyroidectomy. ASAIO Trans 1990 Jul-Sep;36(3):M452-6. Kusuhara R, Katayama S, Itabashi A, Maruno Y, Inaba M, Akabane S, Tanaka K, Morita K, Shibuya M, Kawazu S, et al. Effect of dietary calcium on serum BGP (osteocalcin). Endocrinol Jpn 1991 Apr;38(2):145-9. Lemann J Jr, Pleuss JA, Gray RW. Potassium causes calcium retention in healthy adults. J Nutr 1993 Sep;123(9):1623-6. Lemann J Jr, Pleuss JA, Gray RW, Hoffmann RG. Potassium administration reduces and potassium deprivation increases urinary calcium excretion in healthy adults [corrected]. Kidney Int 1991 May;39(5):973-83. Published erratum appears in Kidney Int 1991 Aug;40(2):388. Links between nutrition and osteoporosis. Madison (WI): University of Wisconsin Cooperative Extension Service; 1989. 5 p. Long KP, Marcuson R, Miyashita K, Tsao CS. Urinary excretion of calcium, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine in young women following ascorbic acid ingestion. Nutr Res 1992 Sep;12(9):1051-63. Lovell GA, Phillips PA, Thomas MJ. The effect of oral vitamin D supplementation on plasma 25 hydroxy vitamin D in institutionalized elderly patients in a subtropical climate--a twelve-month follow-up. J Hum Nutr Diet 1990 Apr;3(2):141-4. Luengo M, Picado C, Piera C, Guanabens N, Montserrat JM, Rivera J, Setoain J. Intestinal calcium absorption and parathyroid hormone secretion in asthmatic patients on prolonged oral or inhaled steroid treatment. Eur Respir J 1991 Apr;4(4):441-4. Lukert B, Higgins J, Stoskopf M. Menopausal bone loss is partially regulated by dietary intake of vitamin D. Calcif Tissue Int 1992 Sep;51(3):173-9. Malm HT, Ronni-Sivula HM, Viinikka LU, Ylikorkala OR. Marathon running accompanied by transient decreases in urinary calcium and serum osteocalcin levels. Calcif Tissue Int 1993 Mar;52(3):209-11. Manz F, Diekmann L, Kalhoff H, Stock GJ, Kunz C. Low renal net acid excretion, high calciuria and biochemical signs of sodium deficiency in low-birth-weight infants fed a new low-phosphorus formula. Acta Paediatr 1992 Dec;81(12):969-73. Massey LK, Opryszek AA. No effects of adaptation to dietary caffeine on calcium excretion in young women. Nutr Res 1990 Jul;10(7):741-7. Matkovic V. Calcium and peak bone mass. J Intern Med 1992 Feb;231(2):151-60. Matkovic V. Calcium intake and peak bone mass [editorial]. N Engl J Med 1992 Jul 9;327(2):119-20. Comment on: N Engl J Med 1992 Jul 9;327(2):82-7. Matkovic V. Calcium metabolism and calcium requirements during skeletal modeling and consolidation of bone mass. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jul;54(1 Suppl):245S-260S. Matkovic V, Fontana D, Tominac C, Goel P, Chesnut CH 3d. Factors that influence peak bone mass formation: a study of calcium balance and the inheritance of bone mass in adolescent females. Am J Clin Nutr 1990 Nov;52(5):878-88. Matkovic V, Heaney RP. Calcium balance during human growth: evidence for threshold behavior. Am J Clin Nutr 1992 May;55(5):992-6. Mayne PD, Kovar IZ. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the premature infant. Ann Clin Biochem 1991 Mar;28(Pt 2):131-42. Comment in: Ann Clin Biochem 1991 Nov;28(Pt 6):627-8. McCarron DA. Scientific publications: 1985-1990. [Portland (OR?)]: National Dairy Board, Institute for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Research; [1991?]. Meier DE, Luckey MM, Wallenstein S, Clemens TL, Orwoll ES, Waslien CI. Calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone status in young white and black women: association with racial differences in bone mass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991 Mar;72(3):703-10. Moya M, Cortes E, Ballester MI, Vento M, Juste M. Short-term polycose substitution for lactose reduces calcium absorption in healthy term babies. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1992 Jan;14(1):57-61. Mundy GR. Calcium homeostasis: hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia. London: M. Dunitz; 1989. 248 p. Nagaya T, Takahashi A, Yoshida I, Usui Y, Okamoto Y. Urinary calcium and renal function in the Japanese female population. Clin Physiol Biochem 1993;10(1):24-7. Nordin BE, Heaney RP. Calcium supplementation of the diet: justified by present evidence. BMJ 1990 Apr 21;300(6731):1056-60. Comment in: BMJ 1991 Oct 26;303(6809):1060. Nordin BE, Heaney RP. Calcium supplementation of the diet [letter]. BMJ 1990 Jul 14;301(6743):120. Comment on: BMJ 1989 Jan 28;298(6668):205-8 and BMJ 1990 Jun 9;300(6738):1523. Nordin BE, Morris HA. The calcium deficiency model for osteoporosis. Nutr Rev 1989 Mar;47(3):65-72. Nordin BE, Need AG, Horowitz M, Morris HA, Durbridge TC, Cleghorn DB. Osteoporosis and calcium. Aust N Z J Med 1991 Apr;21(2):275-9. Comment in: Aust N Z J Med 1991 Aug;21(4): 488-9. Nordin BE, Need AG, Morris HA, Horowitz M. The nature and significance of the relationship between urinary sodium and urinary calcium in women. J Nutr 1993 Sep;123(9):1615-22. Okonofua F, Gill DS, Alabi ZO, Thomas M, Bell JL, Dandona P. Rickets in Nigerian children: a consequence of calcium malnutrition. Metabolism 1991 Feb;40(2):209-13. Orwoll E, Ware M, Stribrska L, Bikle D, Sanchez T, Andon M, Li H. Effects of dietary protein deficiency on mineral metabolism and bone mineral density. Am J Clin Nutr 1992 Aug;56(2):314-9. Paunier L. Effect of magnesium on phosphorus and calcium metabolism. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 1992 Sep;140(9 Suppl 1):S17-20. Perman JA. Calcium needs and lactose intolerance. In: Tsang RC, Mimouni F, editors. Calcium nutriture for mothers and children. New York: Raven Press; 1992. p. 65-75. (Carnation nutrition education series; 3). Perry HM 3d, Miller DK, Morley JE, Horowitz M, Kaiser FE, Perry HM Jr, Jensen J, Bentley J, Boyd S, Kraenzle D. A preliminary report of vitamin D and calcium metabolism in older African Americans. J Am Geriatr Soc 1993 Jun;41(6):612-6. Prince RL, Dick I, Garcia-Webb P, Retallack RW. The effects of the menopause on calcitriol and parathyroid hormone: responses to a low dietary calcium stress test. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990 Apr;70(4):1119-23. Puche RC, Roveri E, Perez Jimeno N, Roberti A, Poudes G, Bocanera R, Tozzini R. Hypercalciuria and urinary saturation measurements in climacteric women. Maturitas 1993 Jan;16(1):39-47. Reasner CA 2d, Dunn JF, Fetchick DA, Liel Y, Hollis BW, Epstein S, Shary J, Mundy GR, Bell NH. Alteration of vitamin D metabolism in Mexican-Americans. J Bone Miner Res 1990 Jan;5(1):13-7. Comment in: J Bone Miner Res 1990 Jul;5(7):791, 793-4. Reginster JY, Denis D, Bartsch V, Deroisy R, Zegels B, Franchimont P. Acute biochemical variations induced by four different calcium salts in healthy male volunteers. Osteoporos Int 1993 Sep;3(5):271-5. Reid IR, Cullen S, Schooler BA, Livingston NE, Evans MC. Calcitropic hormone levels in polynesians: evidence against their role in interracial differences in bone mass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990 May;70(5):1452-6. Reid IR, Evans MC, Cooper GJ, Ames RW, Stapleton J. Circulating insulin levels are related to bone density in normal postmenopausal women. Am J Physiol 1993 Oct;265(4 Pt 1):E655-9. Rudnicki M, Thode J, Jorgensen T, Heitmann BL, Sorensen OH. Effects of age, sex, season and diet on serum ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D in a random population. J Intern Med 1993 Aug;234(2):195-200. Salle BL, Senterre J, Glorieux FD, Putet G. Calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D in human milk. In: Hanson LA, editor. Biology of human milk. New York: Raven Press; 1988. p. 63-74. (Nestle nutrition workshop series; 15). Seichi A, Hoshino Y, Ohnishi I, Kurokawa T. The role of calcium metabolism abnormalities in the development of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine. Spine 1992 Mar;17(3 Suppl):S30-2. Shortt C, Lynn A. Sodium-calcium inter-relationships with specific reference to osteoporosis. Nutr Res Rev 1990;3:101-15. Smith EL, Gilligan C, Smith PE, Sempos CT. Calcium supplementation and bone loss in middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr 1989 Oct;50(4):833-42. Specker BL, Kalkwarf HJ. Calcium and vitamin D requirements during lactation: are they increased. In: Tsang RC, Mimouni F, editors. Calcium nutriture for mothers and children. New York: Raven Press; 1992. p. 77-88. (Carnation nutrition education series; 3). Specker BL, Tsang RC, Ho ML. Changes in calcium homeostasis over the first year postpartum: effect of lactation and weaning. Obstet Gynecol 1991 Jul;78(1):56-62 Spencer H, Kramer L. Does dietary protein increase urinary calcium? [letter]. J Nutr 1991 Jan;121(1):151-2. Comment on: J Nutr 1990 Jan;120(1):134-6. Spencer H, Norris C, Derler J, Osis D. Effect of oat bran muffins on calcium absorption and calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc balance in men. J Nutr 1991 Dec;121(12):1976-83. Spencer H, Norris C, Osis D. Further studies of the effect of zinc on intestinal absorption of calcium in man. J Am Coll Nutr 1992 Oct;11(5):561-6. Stevenson JC, Whitehead MI, Padwick M, Endacott JA, Sutton C, Banks LM, Freemantle C, Spinks TJ, Hesp R. Dietary intake of calcium and postmenopausal bone loss. BMJ 1988 Jul 2; 297(6640):15-7. Sulkers EJ, Lafeber HN, Degenhart HJ, Lindemans J, Sauer PJ. Comparison of two preterm formulas with or without addition of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs). II. Effects on mineral balance. J Ped Gastroenterol Nutr 1992 Jul;15(1):42-7. Tanzer F, Sunel S. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentrations in human milk and in sera of nursing mothers and their infants during 26 weeks of lactation. Indian Pediatr 1991 Apr;28(4):391-400. Thomas AJ, Bunker VW, Sodha N, Clayton BE. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus status of elderly inpatients: dietary intake, metabolic balance studies and biochemical status. Br J Nutr 1989 Jul;62(1):211-9. Underwood LE, Clemmons DR, Moats Staats BM, D'Ercole AJ, Maes M, Maiter D, Thissen JP, Ketelslegers JM. Nutrition and the hormonal regulation of growth. In: Heird WC, editor. Nutritional needs of the six to twelve month old infant. New York: Raven Press; 1991. p. 49-67. (Carnation nutrition education series; 2). Vanderschueren D, Gevers G, Dequeker J, Geusens P, Nijs J, Devos P, De Roo M, Bouillon R. Seasonal variation in bone metabolism in young healthy subjects. Calcif Tissue Int 1991 Aug;49(2):84-9. Wasserman RH. Physiological mechanisms of calcium absorption and homeostasis, with emphasis on vitamin D action. Curr Top Nutr Dis 1989;21:15-34. Wilson SG, Retallack RW, Kent JC, Worth GK, Gutteridge DH. Serum free 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and the free 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D index during a longitudinal study of human pregnancy and lactation. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1990 May;32(5):613-22. Zarkadas M, Gougeon-Reyburn R, Marliss EB, Block E, Alton-Mackey M. Sodium chloride supplementation and urinary calcium excretion in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1989 Nov;50(5):1088-94. Zerwekh JE, Sakhaee K, Breslau NA, Gottschalk F, Pak CY. Impaired bone formation in male idiopathic osteoporosis: further reduction in the presence of concomitant hypercalciuria. Osteoporos Int 1992 May;2(3):128-34. Zofkova I, Rojdmark S, Kancheva RL. Does estrogen replacement therapy influence parathyroid hormone responsiveness to exogenous hypercalcemia in postmenopausal women? J Endocrinol Invest 1993 May;16(5):323-7. CALCIUM INTAKE: EFFECT ON OTHER DISEASES Kidney Stones Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ. A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones. N Engl J Med 1993 Mar 25;328(12):833-8. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1993 Mar 25;328(12): 880-2; N Engl J Med 1993 Aug 12;329(7):508-9; N Engl J Med 1993 Aug 12;329(7):509. Dietary calcium and risk of kidney stones. Nurses Drug Alert 1993 May;17(5):37. Fuss M, Pepersack T, Bergman P, Hurard T, Simon J, Corvilain J. Low calcium diet in idiopathic urolithiasis: a risk factor for osteopenia as great as in primary hyperparathyroidism. Br J Urol 1990 Jun;65(6):560-3. Fuss M, Pepersack T, Van Geel J, Corvilain J, Vandewalle JC, Bergmann P, Simon J. Involvement of low-calcium diet in the reduced bone mineral content of idiopathic renal stone formers. Calcif Tissue Int 1990 Jan;46(1):9-13. Gambaro G, Bertaglia G, Inelmen EM, Marchini F, Vincenti M, Nassuato MA, Enzi G, Baggio B. Diet and nephrolithiasis: study in an obese population. Nutr Res 1993 May;13(5):535-40. Hughes J, Norman RW. Diet and calcium stones. Can Med Assoc J 1992 Jan 15;146(2):137-43. Comment in: Can Med Assoc J 1992 Jun 1;146(11):1894. Jahnen A, Heynck H, Gertz B, Classen A, Hesse A. Dietary fibre: the effectiveness of a high bran intake in reducing renal calcium excretion. Urol Res 1992; 20(1):3-6. Lee YH, Chang SS, Chen MT, Huang JK, Huang WC. Reduction of calcium excretion in the stone-forming kidney in unilateral ureteral obstruction. Urol Res 1991;19(3):193-8. Lemann J Jr. Composition of the diet and calcium kidney stones [editorial]. N Engl J Med 1993 Mar 25;328(12):880-2. Comment on: N Engl J Med 1993 Mar 25;328(12):833-8. Lemann J Jr, Worcester EM, Gray RW. Hypercalciuria and stones. Am J Kidney Dis 1991 Apr;17(4):386-91. Martini LA, Heilberg IP, Cuppari L, Medeiros FA, Draibe SA, Ajzen H, Schor N. Dietary habits of calcium stone formers. Braz J Med Biol Res 1993 Aug;26(8):805-12. Massey LK, Roman-Smith H, Sutton RAL. Effect of dietary oxalate and calcium on urinary oxalate and risk of formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones. J Am Diet Assoc 1993 Aug;93(8):901-6. Massey LK, Sutton RA. Modification of dietary oxalate and calcium reduces urinary oxalate in hyperoxaluric patients with kidney stones. J Am Diet Assoc 1993 Nov;93(11):1305-7. Menon M. A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones. J Urol 1993 Aug;150(2 Pt 1):563-4. Messa P, Mioni G, Franzon R, Messa M, Cruciatti A, Giannini S, d'Angelo A. Factors affecting fasting urinary calcium excretion in stone former patients on different dietary calcium intake. Scanning Microsc 1992 Mar;6(1):239-46. Nunziata V, Di Giovanni G, Giannattasio R, Lettera AM, Mancini M. Recurrent kidney stones: causes and diagnostic criteria in patients from Campania (southern Italy). Br J Urol 1991 Aug;68(2):125-31. Ringe JD. The risk of nephrolithiasis with oral calcium supplementation [editorial]. Calcif Tissue Int 1991 Feb;48(2):69-73. Robertson WG. Epidemiology of urinary stone disease. Urol Res 1990;18 Suppl 1:S3-8. Schwille PO, Herrmann U. Environmental factors in the pathophysiology of recurrent idiopathic calcium urolithiasis (RCU), with emphasis on nutrition. Urol Res 1992;20(1):72-83. Published erratum appears in Urol Res 1992;20(2):164. Smith LH. Diet and hyperoxaluria in the syndrome of idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Am J Kidney Dis 1991 Apr;17(4):370-5. Steinberg EP. Composition of the diet and calcium kidney stones. N Engl J Med 1993 Mar 25;328(12):880-2. Stern R. Calcium and kidney stones [letter]. N Engl J Med 1993 Aug 12;329(7):509. Comment on:N Engl J Med 1993 Mar 25;328(12):833-8. Wong SY, Slater SR, Evans RA, Mason R, Lancaster EK, Acland SM, Eade Y, Hills E, Dunstan CR. Metabolic studies in kidney stone disease. Q J Med 1992 Mar;82(299):247-58. Hypertension / Atherosclerosis Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Giovannucci EL, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Willett WC, Sacks F, Stampfer MJ. A prospective study of nutritional factors and hypertension among US men. Circulation 1992 Nov;86(5):1475-84. Comment in: Circulation 1992 Nov;86(5):1651-3. Belizan JM, Villar J, Gonzalez L, Campodonico L, Bergel E. Calcium supplementation to prevent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1991 Nov 14;325(20):1399-405. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1991 Nov 14;325(20):1439-40. Bell L, Halstenson CE, Halstenson CJ, Macres M, Keane WF. Cholesterol-lowering effects of calcium carbonate in patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. Arch Intern Med 1992 Dec;152(12):2441-4. Calcium supplementation prevents hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Nutr Rev 1992 Aug;50(8):233-6. Cappuccio FP. The epidemiology of diet and blood pressure [editorial]. Circulation 1992 Nov;86(5):1651-3. Comment on: Circultaion 1992 Nov;86(5):1475-84. Chockalingam A, Abbott D, Bass M, Battista R, Cameron R, de Champlain J, Evans CE, Laidlaw J, Lee BL, Leiter L, et al. Recommendations of the Canadian Consensus Conference on Non-Pharmacological Approaches to the Management of High Blood Pressure, Mar 21-23, 1989, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Can Med Assoc J 1990 Jun 15;142(12):1397-409. Published erratum appears in Can Med Assoc J 1990 Aug 1;143(3):177. Cutler JA, Brittain E. Calcium and blood pressure. An epidemiologic perspective. Am J Hypertens 1990 Aug;3(8 Pt 2):137S-146S. Dazai Y, Iwata T, Hiwada K. Augmentation of the renal tubular dopaminergic activity by oral calcium supplementation in patients with essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1993 Nov;6(11 Pt 1):933-7. Denke MA, Fox MM, Schulte MC. Short-term dietary calcium fortification increases fecal saturated fat content and reduces serum lipids in men. J Nutr 1993 Jun;123(6):1047-53. Dietary calcium and hypertension [letter]. J Am Board Fam Pract 1991 Nov-Dec;4(6):477-8. Comment on: J Am Board Fam Pract 1991 May-Jun;4(3):145-50. Elmer PJ. Dietary methods in cardiovascular disease critique. Vital Health Stat [4] 1992 Mar;(27):32-42. Fodor JG, Chockalingam A. The Canadian consensus report on non-pharmacological approaches to the management of high blood pressure. Clin Exp Hypertens [A] 1990;12(5):729-43. Ford ES, Cooper RS. Risk factors for hypertension in a national cohort study. Hypertension 1991 Nov;18(5):598-606. Freudenheim JL, Russell M, Trevisan M, Doemland M. Calcium intake and blood pressure in blacks and whites. Ethn Dis 1991 Spring;1(2):114-22. Frye MA, Melton LJ 3d, Bryant SC, Fitzpatrick LA, Wahner HW, Schwartz RS, Riggs BL. Osteoporosis and calcification of the aorta. Bone Miner 1992 Nov;19(2):185-94. Galloe AM, Graudal N, Moller J, Bro H, Jorgensen M, Christensen HR. Effect of oral calcium supplementation on blood pressure in patients with previously untreated hypertension: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. J Hum Hypertens 1993 Feb;7(1):43-5. Gillman MW, Oliveria SA, Moore LL, Ellison RC. Inverse association of dietary calcium with systolic blood pressure in young children. JAMA 1992 May 6;267(17):2340-3. Grobbee DE, Waal-Manning HJ. The role of calcium supplementation in the treatment of hypertension. Current evidence. Drugs 1990 Jan;39(1):7-18. Hamet P, Daignault-Gelinas M, Lambert J, Ledoux M, Whissell-Cambiotti L, Bellavance F, Mongeau E. Epidemiological evidence of an interaction between calcium and sodium intake impacting on blood pressure. A Montreal study. Am J Hypertens 1992 Jun;5(6 Pt 1):378-85. Hancock RL, Tylavsky FA, Moore R, Anderson JJ. Hereditary and environmental influences on blood pressure values of premenopausal women and their college-age daughters. J Am Coll Nutr 1991 Aug;10(4):376-82. Heagerty AM. Intra- and extracellular calcium and hypertension. Proc Nutr Soc 1990 Feb;49(1):83-9. Holliday MA. Do dietary factors in the 6 to 12 month period of life affect blood pressure later in life? In: Heird WC, editor. Nutritional needs of the six to twelve month old infant. New York: Raven Press; 1991. p. 283-95. (Carnation nutrition education series; 2). Hung JS, Huang TY, Wu DL, Yen MF, Tsai SH, Dahl HP, Neaton J, Dahl JC. The impact of dietary sodium, potassium and calcium on blood pressure.J Formos Med Assoc 1990 Jan;89(1):17-22. Iso H, Terao A, Kitamura A, Sato S, Naito Y, Kiyama M, Tanigaki M, Iida M, Konishi M, Shimamoto T, et al. Calcium intake and blood pressure in seven Japanese populations. Am J Epidemiol 1991 Apr 15;133(8):776-83. Jespersen B, Brock A, Pedersen EB. Lack of effect of calcium carbonate supplementation on 24h blood pressure, angiotensin II reactivity and PTH(1-84) in essential hypertension [letter]. J Hum Hypertens 1993 Feb;7(1):103-4. Katayama S, Maruno Y, Itabashi A, Inaba M, Akabane S, Tanaka K, Tanaka K, Shibuya M, Kawazu S, Ishii J, et al. Effect of dietary calcium on renal prostaglandins. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1991 Mar;42(3):197-200. Kesteloot H. Relationship between dietary cations and blood pressure. Ann Nutr Metab 1991;35 Suppl 1: 109-18. Kesteloot H, Joossens JV. The relationship between dietary intake and urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium: Belgian Interuniversity Research on Nutrition and Health. J Hum Hypertens 1990 Oct;4(5):527-33. Knight KB, Keith RE. Calcium supplementation on normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women. Am J Clin Nutr 1992 Apr;55(4):891-5. Koch HJ. Diets, lipids, calcium and hypertension [letter]. Clin Investig 1993 Mar;71(3):254. Comment on: Clin Investig 1992 Sep;70(9):748-51. Kristal-Boneh E, Green MS. Dietary calcium and blood pressure--a critical review of the literature. Public Health Rev 1990-91;18(4):267-300. Kynast Gales SA, Massey LK. Effects of dietary calcium from dairy products on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive men. J Am Diet Assoc 1992 Dec;92(12):1497-501. Laidlaw JC, Chockalingam A. Canadian Consensus Conference on Nonpharmacological Approaches to the Management of High Blood Pressure: recommendations. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990;16 Suppl 8:S48-50. Lalau JD, Jans I, el Esper N, Bouillon R, Fournier A. Calcium metabolism, plasma parathyroid hormone, and calcitriol in transient hypertension of pregnancy. Am J Hypertens 1993 Jun;6(6 Pt 1):522-7. Langford HG. Nonpharmacological therapy of hypertension. Commentary on diet and blood pressure. Hypertension 1989 May;13(5 Suppl):I98-102. Langford HG, Watson RL. Potassium and calcium intake, excretion, and homeostasis in blacks, and their relation to blood pressure. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1990 Mar;4 Suppl 2:403-6. Lopez-Jaramillo P, de Felix M. Prevention of toxemia of pregnancy in Ecuadorian Andean women: experience with dietary calcium supplementation. Bull Pan Am Health Organ 1991;25(2):109-17. Lopez-Jaramillo P, Narvaez M, Felix C, Lopez A. Dietary calcium supplementation and prevention of pregnancy hypertension [letter]. Lancet 1990 Feb 3;335(8684):293. Comment in: Lancet 1990 Apr 7;335(8693):861. Lowik MRH, Hofman Z, Kok FJ, Wedel M, Hulshof KFAM, Odink J, Schaafsma G. Nutrition and blood pressure among elderly men and women (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System). J Am Coll Nutr 1991 Apr;10(2):149-55. Luft FC, Miller JZ, Lyle RM, Melby CL, Fineberg NS, McCarron DA, Weinberger MH, Morris CD. The effect of dietary interventions to reduce blood pressure in normal humans. J Am Coll Nutr 1989 Dec;8(6):495-503. MacDonald MB, Sawatzky JE, Wilson TW, Laing GP. Lifestyle profiles of hypertensives. Can J Cardiovasc Nurs 1991 Sep;2(2):3-8. MacDonald MB, Sawatzky JE, Wilson TW, Laing GP. Predicting success in antihypertensive drug therapy: the importance of nondrug variables. Can J Cardiol 1991 Jan-Feb;7(1):19-23. Marcoux S, Brisson J, Fabia J. Calcium intake from dairy products and supplements and the risks of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. AmJ Epidemiol 1991 Jun 15;133(12):1266-72. Martell-Claros N, Fernandez-Pinilla C, de la Quadra F, Herrero E, Ruiz D, Fernandez-Cruz A, Luque-Otero M. Calcium intake, calcium excretion and blood pressure in adolescents in the upper decile of the distribution: the Torrejon study. J Hypertens Suppl 1989 Dec;7(6):S256-7. Matsuura H, Shingu T, Inoue I, Kajiyama G, Kusaka M, Matsumoto K, Kido K. Significance of intracellular cations and calcium-regulating hormones on salt sensitivity in patients with essential hypertension. Contrib Nephrol 1991;90:11-8. McCarron DA. Epidemiological evidence and clinical trials of dietary calcium's effect on blood pressure. Contrib Nephrol 1991;90:2-10. McGarvey ST, Zinner SH, Willett WC, Rosner B. Maternal prenatal dietary potassium, calcium, magnesium, and infant blood pressure. Hypertension 1991 Feb;17(2):218-24. Mikami H, Ogihara T, Tabuchi Y. Blood pressure response to dietary calcium intervention in humans. Am J Hypertens 1990 Aug;3(8 Pt 2):147S-151S. Miller GD. Concerns about calcium in hypertensive men [letter]. J Am Diet Assoc 1993 Aug;93(8):862-3. Comment on: J Am Diet Assoc 1992 Dec;92(12):1497-501. Miller WL, Crabtree BF, Evans DK. Exploratory study of the relationship between hypertension and diet diversity among Saba Islanders. Public Health Rep 1992 Jul-Aug;107(4):426-32. Moon J, Bandy B, Davison AJ. Hypothesis: Etiology of atherosclerosis and osteoporosis: are imbalances in the calciferol endocrine system implicated. J Am Coll Nutr 1992 Oct;11(5):567-83. Morris CD, McCarron DA. Effect of calcium supplementation in an older population with mildly increased blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 1992 Apr;5(4 Pt 1):230-7. Myatt L. The association of calcium with hypertension of pregnancy and preterm labor. Nutr M D 1992 Feb;18(2):1-3. Myatt L. The relation of calcium nutrition and metabolism to preeclampsia and premature labor. In: Tsang RC, Mimouni F, editors. Calcium nutriture for mothers and children. New York: Raven Press; 1992. p. 129-41. (Carnation nutrition education series; 3). Newman V, Fullerton JT. Role of nutrition in the prevention of preeclampsia: review of the literature. J Nurse Midwife 1990 Sep-Oct;35(5):282-91. Nicholls MG. Effects of non-pharmacologic therapy. Clin Exp Hypertens [A] 1990;12(5):709-28. Orimo H, Ouchi Y. The role of calcium and magnesium in the development of atherosclerosis: experimental and clinical evidence. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990;598:444-57. Orwoll ES, Oviatt S. Relationship of mineral metabolism and long-term calcium and cholecalciferol supplementation to blood pressure in normotensive men. Am J Clin Nutr 1990 Oct;52(4): 717-21. Ouchi Y, Akishita M, de Souza AC, Nakamura T, Orimo H. Age-related loss of bone mass and aortic/aortic valve calcification--reevaluation of recommended dietary allowance of calcium in the elderly. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993 Mar 15;676:297-307. Pan WH, Wang CY, Li LA, Kao LS, Yeh SH. No significant effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure and calcium metabolism in elderly Chinese. Chin J Physiol 1993;36(2):85-94. Papagalanis N, Kourti A, Tolis A, Skopelitis P, Karabatsos A, Kostoyanni G, Gennadiou M, Elisaf M, Mountokalakis T. Effect of intravenous calcium infusion on indices of activity of the parathyroid glands and on urinary calcium and sodium excretion in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Am J Hypertens 1993 Jan;6(1):59-65. Payne RB, Evans RT. Dietary calcium supplementation and prevention of pregnancy hypertension [letter]. Lancet 1990 Apr 7;335(8693):861. Comment on: Lancet 1990 Feb 3;335(8684):293. Pietinen P, Aro A. The role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Adv Nutr Res 1990;8:35-78. Raman L, Yasodhara P, Ramaraju LA. Calcium and magnesium in pregnancy. Nutr Res 1991 Nov;11(11):1231-6. Reichel H, Liebethal R, Hense HW, Schmidt-Gayk H, Ritz E. Disturbed calcium metabolism in subjects with elevated diastolic blood pressure. Clin Investig 1992 Sep;70(9):748-51. Comment in: Clin Investig 1993 Mar;71(3):254. Repke JT. Calcium, magnesium, and zinc supplementation and perinatal outcome. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1991 Jun;34(2):262-7. Repke JT. Prevention of preeclampsia. Clin Perinatol 1991 Dec;18(4):779-92. Repke JT, Villar J. Pregnancy-induced hypertension and low birth weight: the role of calcium. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jul;54(1 Suppl):237S-241S. Resnick LM. Calcium metabolism in hypertension and allied metabolic disorders. Diabetes Care 1991 Jun;14(6):505-20. Resnick LM. Cellular calcium and magnesium metabolism in the pathophysiology and treatment of hypertension and related metabolic disorders. Am J Med 1992 Aug 31;93(2A):11S-20S. Resnick LM. Cellular ions in hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes: a unifying theme. J Am Soc Nephrol 1992 Oct;3(4 Suppl):S78-85. Resnick LM. The effects of sodium and calcium in clinical hypertension: mediating role of vitamin D metabolism. Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res 1990;24:535-41. Resnick LM, Gupta RK, Bhargava KK, Gruenspan H, Alderman MH, Laragh JH. Cellular ions in hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. A nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study. Hypertension 1991 Jun;17(6 Pt 2):951-7. Resnick LM, Gupta RK, Lewanczuk RZ, Pang PK, Laragh JH. Intracellular ions in salt-sensitive essential hypertension: possible role of calcium-regulating hormones. Contrib Nephrol 1991;90:88-93. Rich GM, McCullough M, Olmedo A, Malarick C, Moore TJ. Blood pressure and renal blood flow responses to dietary calcium and sodium intake in humans. Am J Hypertens 1991 Nov;4(11): 642S-645S. Rudnicki M, Frolich A, Fischer-Rasmussen W. Magnesium supplement in pregnancy-induced hypertension: effects on maternal and neonatal magnesium and calcium homeostasis. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1991;17(6):399-403. Schafer E. Prevalence of selected cardiovascular disease risk factors in 35-54-year-old males and females in eight Iowa counties. J Am Coll Nutr 1990 Jun;9(3):205-13. Seely EW, Graves SW. Calcium homeostasis in normotensive and hypertensive pregnancy. Compr Ther 1993;19(3):124-8. Seely EW, Wood RJ, Brown EM, Graves SW. Lower serum ionized calcium and abnormal calciotropic hormone levels in preeclampsia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992 Jun;74(6):1436-40. Seely S. Is calcium excess in western diet a major cause of arterial disease? Int J Cardiol 1991 Nov;33(2):191-8. Comment In: Int J Cardiol 1992 Feb;34(2):227-8 and Int J Cardiol 1992 May;35(2):281-3. Segall JJ. Why is cheese safe for the coronary arteries? [letter]. Int J Cardiol 1992 May;35(2):281-3. Comment on: Int J Cardiol 1991 Nov;33(2):191-8. Silverstone GA. Calcium intake in Western countries [letter]. Int J Cardiol 1992 Feb;34(2):227-8. Comment on: Int J Cardiol 1991 Nov;33(2):191-8. Simon JA, Browner WS, Tao JL, Hulley SB. Calcium intake and blood pressure in elderly women. Am J Epidemiol 1992 Nov 15;136(10):1241-7. Simon JA, Obarzanek E, Daniels SR, Frederick MM. Dietary cation intake and blood pressure in black girls and white girls. Am J Epidemiol 1994 Jan 15;139(2):130-40. Simopoulos AP. The relationship between diet and hypertension. Compr Ther 1990 May;16(5):25-30. Simpson FO. Electrolyte intake and the prevention of hypertension. N Z Med J 1992 Oct 14;105(943):396-7. Singh RB, Sircar AR, Rastogi SS, Ghosh S, Singh R. Can dietary changes modulate blood pressure and blood lipids in hypertension. J Nutr Med 1991;2(1):17-24. Singh RB, Sircar AR, Rastogi SS, Singh R. Dietary modulators of blood pressure in hypertension. EurJ Clin Nutr 1990 Apr;44(4):319-27. Smith HT. Electrolytes in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of hypertension. Prim Care 1991 Sep;18(3):545-57. Sowers JR, Standley PR, Jacober S, Niyogi T, Simpson L. Postpartum abnormalities of carbohydrate and cellular calcium metabolism in pregnancy induced hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1993 Apr;6(4):302-7. Sowers JR, Zemel MB, Zemel PC, Standley PR. Calcium metabolism and dietary calcium in salt sensitive hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1991 Jun;4(6):557-63. Staessen J, Bernard A, Buchet JP, Claeys F, Dekempeneer L, Ducoffre G, Fagard R, Lauwerys R, Lijnen P, Roels H, et al. Effects of cadmium exposure on the cardiovascular system and on calcium metabolism: results of a cross-sectional population study. IARC Sci Publ 1992;(118):263-9. Staessen J, Sartor F, Roels H, Bulpitt CJ, Claeys F, Ducoffre G, Fagard R, Lauwerijs R, Lijnen P, Rondia D, et al. The association between blood pressure, calcium and other divalent cations: a population study. J Hum Hypertens 1991 Dec;5(6):485-94. Stein PP, Black HR. The role of diet in the genesis and treatment of hypertension. Med Clin North Am 1993 Jul;77(4):831-47. Takagi Y, Fukase M, Takata S, Fujimi T, Fujita T. Calcium treatment of essential hypertension in elderly patients evaluated by 24 H monitoring. Am J Hypertens 1991 Oct;4(10 Pt 1):836-9. Tanji JL, Lew EY, Wong GY, Treguboff C, Ward JA, Amsterdam EA. Dietary calcium supplementation as a treatment for mild hypertension. J Am Board Fam Pract 1991 May-Jun;4(3):145-50. Comment in: J Am Board Fam Pract 1991 Nov-Dec;4(6):477-8. Tolaymat A, Sanchez-Ramos L, Yergey AL, Vieira NE, Abrams SA, Edelstein P. Pathophysiology of hypocalciuria in preeclampsia: measurement of intestinal calcium absorption. Obstet Gynecol 1994 Feb;83(2):239-43. van Beresteijn EC, Riedstra M, van der Wel A, Schouten EG, Burema J, Kok FJ. Habitual dietary calcium intake and blood pressure change around the menopause: a longitudinal study. Int J Epidemiol 1992 Aug;21(4):683-9. Van der Vijver LP, van der Waal MA, Weterings KG, Dekker JM, Schouten EG, Kok FJ. Calcium intake and 28-year cardiovascular and coronary heart disease mortality in Dutch civil servants. IntJ Epidemiol 1992 Feb;21(1):36-9. Wu Y, Cai R, Zhou B, Xu X. Effects of genetic factors and dietary electrolytes on blood pressure of rural secondary school students in Hanzhong. Chin Med Sci J 1991 Sep;6(3):148-52. Yamori Y, Nara Y, Mizushima S, Mano M, Sawamura M, Kihara M, Horie R. International cooperative study on the relationship between dietary factors and blood pressure: a preliminary report from the cardiovascular diseases and alimentary comparison (cardiac) study. Nutr Health 1992;8(2-3):77-90. Zemel MB, Zemel PC, Bryg RJ, Sowers JR. Dietary calcium induces regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive non-insulin-dependent diabetic blacks. Am J Hypertens 1990 Jun;3(6 Pt 1):458-63. Zoccali C, Mallamaci F, Postorino M, Cuzzola F, Leonardis D, Parlongo S, Salnitro F. Hyperfiltration and calcium metabolism in essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1991 Dec;4(12 Pt 1): 944-50. Zuspan FP. New concepts in the understanding of hypertensive diseases during pregnancy. An overview. Clin Perinatol 1991 Dec;18(4):653-9. Colon Cancer Alberts D, Rees-McGee S, Einspahr J, Mason-Liddil N, Giordano L, Phelps J, Ramanujam P, Bellapravalu S, Patel J, Bettinger L, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of wheat bran fiber (wbf) vs calcium carbonate (calc) in patients with resected adenomatous polyps [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res 1992;33:A1242. Alder RJ, McKeown-Eyssen G, Bright-See E. Randomized trial of the effect of calcium supplementation on fecal risk factors for colorectal cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1993 Nov 15;138(10):804-14. Ames HG, Gee MI, Hawrysh ZJ. Taste perception and breast cancer: evidence of a role for diet. J Am Diet Assoc 1993 May;93(5):541-6. Arbman G, Axelson O, Ericsson-Begodzki AB, Fredriksson M, Nilsson E, Sjodahl R. Cereal fiber, calcium, and colorectal cancer. Cancer 1992 Apr 15;69(8):2042-8. Atwood JR, Aickin M, Giordano L, Benedict J, Bell M, Ritenbaugh C, Rees-McGee S, Sheehan E, Buller M, Ho EE, et al. The effectiveness of adherence intervention in a colon cancer prevention field trial. Prev Med 1992 Sep;21(5):637-53. Barsoum GH, Hendrickse C, Winslet MC, Youngs D, Donovan IA, Neoptolemos JP, Keighley MR. Reduction of mucosal crypt cell proliferation in patients with colorectal adenomatous polyps by dietary calcium supplementation. Br J Surg 1992 Jun;79(6):581-3. Barsoum GH, Winslet M, Youngs D, Neoptolemos JP, Keighley MR. Influence of dietary calcium supplements on ileoanal pouch function and cytokinetics. Br J Surg 1992 Feb;79(2):129-32. Bartram HP, Scheppach W, Schmid H, Hofmann A, Dusel G, Richter F, Richter A, Kasper H. Proliferation of human colonic mucosa as an intermediate biomarker of carcinogenesis: effects of butyrate, deoxycholate, calcium, ammonia, and pH. Cancer Res 1993 Jul 15;53(14):3283-8. Bostick RM, Potter JD, Sellers TA, McKenzie DR, Kushi LH, Folsom AR. Relation of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy food intake to incidence of colon cancer among older women. The Iowa Women's Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 1993 Jun 15;137(12):1302-17. Bunin GR, Kuijten RR, Buckley JD, Rorke LB, Meadows AT. Relation between maternal diet and subsequent primitive neuroectodermal brain tumors in young children. N Eng J Med 1993 Aug 19; 329(8):536-41. Buras R, Davoodi F, Schumaker L, Nauta R, Evans SR. Effect of extracellular calcium concentration on colon cancer growth and differentiation [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res 1992;33:A278. Cats A, Mulder NH, de Vries EG, Oremus ET, Kreumer WM, Kleibeuker JH. Calcium phosphate: an alternative calcium compound for dietary prevention of colon cancer? A study on intestinal and faecal parameters in healthy volunteers. Eur J Cancer Prev 1993 Sep;2(5):409-15. Cerrato PL. Low-fat diet, lower risk of colorectal cancer. RN 1991 Sep;54(9):71-3. Faivre J, Boutron MC, Doyon F, Pignatelli M, Kronborg O, Giacosa A, de Oliveira H, Benito E, O'Morain C. The ECP calcium fibre polyp prevention study preliminary report. ECP Colon Group. Eur J Cancer Prev 1993 Jun;2 Suppl 2:99-106. Faivre J, Doyon F, Boutron MC. The ECP calcium fibre polyp prevention study. The ECP Colon Group. Eur J Cancer Prev 1991 Oct;1 Suppl 2:83-9. Farrow DC. A case-control study of dietary factors and cancer of the pancreas [dissertation]. [Seattle (WA)]: University of Washington; 1989. Feld Berkowitz K. Calcium and colon cancer: are we jumping the gun again. Environ Nutr 1990 Sep;13(9):1, 6. Garland CF, Garland FC, Gorham ED. Can colon cancer incidence and death rates be reduced with calcium and vitamin D? Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jul;54(1 Suppl):193S-201S. Guo YS, Draviam E, Townsend CM Jr, Singh P. Differential effects of Ca2+ on proliferation of stomach, colonic, and pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro. Nutr Cancer 1990;14(2):149-57. Kampman E, Giovannucci E, van 't Veer P, Rimm E, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Kok FJ, Willett WC. Calcium, vitamin D, dairy foods, and the occurrence of colorectal adenomas among men and women in two prospective studies. Am J Epidemiol 1994 Jan 1;139(1):16-29. Kashtan H, Stern HS. Colonic proliferation and colon cancer risk. A review of clinical studies. Isr J Med Sci 1992 Dec;28(12):904-10. Comment in: Isr J Med Sci 1992 Dec;28(12):900-1. Kleibeuker JH, Welberg JW, Mulder NH, van der Meer R, Cats A, Limburg AJ, Kreumer WM, Hardonk MJ, de Vries EG. Epithelial cell proliferation in the sigmoid colon of patients with adenomatous polyps increases during oral calcium supplementation. Br J Cancer 1993 Mar;67(3):500-3. Lans JI, Jaszewski R, Arlow FL, Tureaud J, Luk GD, Majumdar AP. Supplemental calcium suppresses colonic mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity in elderly patients with adenomatous polyps. Cancer Res 1991 Jul 1;51(13):3416-9. Lapre JA, Meer R van der. Dietary modulation of colon cancer risk: the roles of fat, fiber and calcium. Trends Food Sci Technol 1992 Dec;3(12):320-4. Lashner BA. Mucosal dysplasia of the colon in patients with chronic ulcerative colitis. In: Bray GA, Ryan DH, editors. Vitamins and cancer prevention. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press; 1993. p. 209-19. (Pennington center nutrition series; 3). Liebman B. Clues to colon cancer. Nutr Action Health Lett 1990 Mar;17(2):1, 5-7. Lipkin M, Newmark H. Calcium and colon cancer [letter]. Nutr Rev 1993 Jul;51(7):213-4. Comment on: Nutr Rev 1993 Apr;51(4):109-12. Lipkin M, Newmark H, Boone CW, Kelloff GJ. Calcium, vitamin D, and colon cancer. Cancer Res 1991 Jun 1;51(11):3069-70. Little J, Logan RF, Hawtin PG, Hardcastle JD, Turner ID. Colorectal adenomas and diet: a case-control study of subjects participating in the Nottingham faecal occult blood screening programme. Br J Cancer 1993 Jan;67(1):177-84. Love RR, Verma AK, Surawicz TS, Morrissey JF. Absence of effect of supplemental oral calcium on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in colonic mucosae of healthy individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 1990 Feb;43(2):79-82. Negri E, La Vecchia C, D'Avanzo B, Franceschi S. Calcium, dairy products, and colorectal cancer. Nutr Cancer 1990;13(4):255-62. Paraskeva C. Colorectal cancer and dietary calcium intervention: a word of caution [letter]. Eur J Cancer Prev 1992 Aug;1(5):385-6. Comment in: Eur J Cancer Prev 1993 Jan;2(1):83-4. Peters RK, Pike MC, Garabrant D, Mack TM. Diet and colon cancer in Los Angeles County, California. Cancer Causes Control 1992 Sep;3(5):457-73. Ritenbaugh C. Dietary supplementation: the case for placebo-controlled trials. Prev Med 1993 Sep; 22(5):667-75. Slob IC, Lambregts JL, Schuit AJ, Kok FJ. Calcium intake and 28-year gastro-intestinal cancer mortality in Dutch civil servants. Int J Cancer 1993 Apr 22;54(1):20-5. Stemmermann GN, Nomura A, Chyou PH. The influence of dairy and nondairy calcium on subsite large-bowel cancer risk. Dis Colon Rectum 1990 Mar;33(3):190-4. Stern HS, Gregoire RC, Kashtan H, Stadler J, Bruce RW. Long-term effects of dietary calcium on risk markers for colon cancer in patients with familial polyposis. Surgery 1990 Sep;108(3):528-33. Suzuki K, Suzuki K, Mitsuoka T. Effect of low-fat, high-fat, and fiber-supplemented high-fat diets on colon cancer risk factors in feces of healthy subjects. Nutr Cancer 1992;18(1):63-71. Thomas MG, Thomson JP, Williamson RC. Oral calcium inhibits rectal epithelial proliferation in familial adenomatous polyposis. Br J Surg 1993 Apr;80(4):499-501. Van der Meer R, Welberg JW, Kuipers F, Kleibeuker JH, Mulder NH, Termont DS, Vonk RJ, De Vries HT, De Vries EG. Effects of supplemental dietary calcium on the intestinal association of calcium, phosphate, and bile acids. Gastroenterology 1990 Dec;99(6):1653-9. Van 't Veer P, van Leer EM, Rietdijk A, Kok FJ, Schouten EG, Hermus RJ, Sturmans F. Combination of dietary factors in relation to breast-cancer occurrence. Int J Cancer 1991 Mar 12;47(5): 649-53. Wang LD, Qiu SL, Yang GR, Lipkin M, Newmark HL, Yang CS. A randomized double-blind intervention study on the effect of calcium supplementation on esophageal precancerous lesions in a high-risk population in China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1993 Jan-Feb;2(1):71-8. Wargovich MJ, Isbell G, Shabot M, Winn R, Lanza F, Hochman L, Larson E, Lynch P, Roubein L, Levin B. Calcium supplementation decreases rectal epithelial cell proliferation in subjects with sporadic adenoma. Gastroenterology 1992 Jul;103(1):92-7. Comment in: Gastroenterology 1992 Dec;103(6):1994-5. Welberg JW, Kleibeuker JH, Van der Meer R, Kuipers F, Cats A, Van Rijsbergen H, Termont DS, Boersma-van Ek W, Vonk RJ, Mulder NH, et al. Effects of oral calcium supplementation on intestinal bile acids and cytolytic activity of fecal water in patients with adenomatous polyps of the colon. Eur J Clin Invest 1993 Jan;23(1):63-8. Whitfield JF. Calcium signals and cancer. Crit Rev Oncog 1992;3(1-2):55-90. Yang K, Cohen L, Lipkin M. Lectin soybean agglutinin: measurements in colonic epithelial cells of human subjects following supplemental dietary calcium. Cancer Lett 1991 Jan;56(1):65-9. Yang K, Lipkin M, Newmark H. Lectin binding in differentiating human colonic epithelial cells modified by oral calcium supplementation [abstract]. Proc Annu Meet Am Assoc Cancer Res 1993;34:A3283. Zimmerman J. Does dietary calcium supplementation reduce the risk of colon cancer? Nutr Rev 1993 Apr;51(4):109-12. Comment in: Nutr Rev 1993 Jul;51(7):213-4. Dental Conditions Alvarez JO, Eguren JC, Caceda J, Navia JM. The effect of nutritional status on the age distribution of dental caries in the primary teeth. J Dent Res 1990 Sep;69(9):1564-6. Clark DE, Navia JM, Manson-Hing LR, Duncan HE. Evaluation of alveolar bone in relation to nutritional status during pregnancy. J Dent Res 1990 Mar;69(3):890-5. Fisher JG. Osteoporosis in dentistry. Gen Dent 1990 Nov-Dec;38(6):434-9. Kribbs PJ. Two-year changes in mandibular bone mass in an osteoporotic population. J Prosthet Dent 1992 May;67(5):653-5. Marques AP, Messer LB. Nutrient intake and dental caries in the primary dentition. Pediatr Dent 1992 Sep-Oct;14(5):314-21. Moreno EC. Role of Ca-P-F in caries prevention: chemical aspects. Int Dent J 1993 Feb;43(1 Suppl 1):71-80. Moschen I, Schobersberger W, Klotz L, Jarosch E, Richter M, Lang F. Caries susceptibility and renal excretion of calcium. Clin Investig 1992 Sep;70(9):735-9. Sider ME. The role of calcium in preventive dentistry. Dent Assist 1989 Sep-Oct;58(5):11-4. CALCIUM BIOAVAILABILITY Anderson JJB. Nutritional biochemistry of calcium and phosphorus. J Nutr Biochem 1991 Jun;2(6):300-7. Brennan MJ, Duncan WE, Wartofsky L, Butler VM, Wray HL. In vitro dissolution of calcium carbonate preparations. Calcif Tissue Int 1991 Nov;49(5):308-12. Comment in: Calcif Tissue Int 1992 Feb; 50(2):197. Bronner F. Nutrient bioavailability, with special reference to calcium. J Nutr 1993 May;123(5):797-802. Charles P. Calcium absorption and calcium bioavailability. J Intern Med 1992 Feb;231(2):161-8. Clydesdale FM, Ho CT, Lee CY, Mondy NI, Shewfelt RL. The effects of postharvest treatment and chemical interactions on the bioavailability of ascorbic acid, thiamin, vitamin A, carotenoids, and minerals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1991;30(6): 599-638. Dal Zotto M, Ragazzi E, Realdon N, Dalla Fini G. Technological testing of calcium carbonate tablets for use in the treatment of renal osteodystrophy. Farmaco 1993 Jul;48(7):989-1005. Harland BF. Dietary fibre and mineral bioavailability. Nutr Res Rev 1989;2:133-47. Heaney RP, Recker RR, Weaver CM. Absorbability of calcium sources: the limited role of solubility. Calcif Tissue Int 1990 May;46(5):300-4. Heaney RP, Weaver CM, Fitzsimmons ML. Influence of calcium load on absorption fraction. J Bone Miner Res 1990 Nov;5(11):1135-8. Heaney RP, Weaver CM, Fitzsimmons ML. Soybean phytate content: effect on calcium absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Mar;53(3):745-7. Heaney RP, Weaver CM, Fitzsimmons ML, Recker RR. Calcium absorptive consistency. J Bone Miner Res 1990 Nov;5(11):1139-42. Mason NA, Patel JD, Dressman JB, Shimp LA. Consumer vinegar test for determining calcium disintegration. Am J Hosp Pharm 1992 Sep;49(9):2218-22. Morris HA, Need AG, Horowitz M, O'Loughlin PD, Nordin BE. Calcium absorption in normal and osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1991 Oct;49(4):240-3. Morris HA, Need AG, O'Loughlin PD, Horowitz M, Bridges A, Nordin BE. Malabsorption of calcium in corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1990 May;46(5):305-8. Nadeau DB, Clydesdale FM. Effect of Zn concentration, Ca source, percent milkfat and homogenization on Ca, Fe and Zn solubility in wheat cereal systems under simulated gastrointestinal pH. J Food Sci 1991 Jan-Feb;56(1):146-50. Need AG, Horowitz M, Morris HA, Nordin BE. Effects of three different calcium preparations on urinary calcium and hydroxyproline excretion in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991 Jul;45(7):357-61. O'Brien KO, Allen LH, Quatromoni P, Siu-Caldera ML, Vieira NE, Perez A, Holick MF, Yergey AL. High fiber diets slow bone turnover in young men but have no effect on efficiency of intestinal calcium absorption. J Nutr 1993 Dec;123(12):2122-8. Pak CY, Avioli LV. Factors affecting absorbability of calcium from calcium salts and food. Calcif Tissue Int 1988 Aug;43(2):55-60. Peacock M. Calcium absorption efficiency and calcium requirements in children and adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jul;54(1 Suppl):261S-265S. Rasco BA, Gazzaz SS, Dong FM. Iron, calcium, zinc, and phytic acid content of yeast-raised breads containing distillers' grains and other fiber ingredients. J Food Compos Anal 1990 Mar;3(1): 88-95. Rosado JL, Lopez P, Morales M, Munoz E, Allen LH. Bioavailability of energy, nitrogen, fat, zinc, iron and calcium from rural and urban Mexican diets. Br J Nutr 1992 Jul;68(1):45-58. Schnepf M, Madrick T. The solubility of calcium from antacid tablets, calcium supplements and fortified food products. Nutr Res 1991 Sep;11(9):961-70. Scholfield DJ, Behall KM, Kelsay JL, Prather ES, Clark WM, Reiser S, Canary JJ. The effects of natural dietary fiber from fruit and vegetables with oxalate from spinach on plasma minerals, lipids and other metabolites in men. Nutr Res 1990 Apr;10(4):367-78. Shangraw RF. Factors to consider in the selection of a calcium supplement. Public Health Rep 1992 Sep-Oct;Suppl:46-50. Wabner CL, Pak CY. Modification by food of the calcium absorbability and physicochemical effects of calcium citrate. J Am Coll Nutr 1992 Oct;11(5):548-52. Weaver CM. Calcium bioavailability and its relation to osteoporosis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1992 Jun;200(2):157-60. Weaver CM, Heaney RP, Martin BR, Fitzsimmons ML. Human calcium absorption from whole-wheat products. J Nutr 1991 Nov;121(11):1769-75. Whiting SJ, Pluhator MM. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo tests for determination of availability of calcium from calcium carbonate tablets. J Am Coll Nutr 1992 Oct;11(5):553-60. Wirth FH Jr, Numerof B, Pleban P, Neylan MJ. Effect of lactose on mineral absorption in preterm infants. J Pediatr 1990 Aug;117(2 Pt 1):283-7. Wisker E, Nagel R, Tanudjaja TK, Feldheim W. Calcium, magnesium, zinc, and iron balances in young women: effects of a low-phytate barley-fiber concentrate. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Sep;54(3):553-9. Wood RJ, Serfaty Lacrosniere C. Gastric acidity, atrophic gastritis, and calcium absorption. Nutr Rev 1992 Feb;50(2):33-40. Wynckel A, Jaisser F, Wong T, Drueke T, Chanard J. Intestinal absorption of calcium from yogurt in lactase-deficient subjects. Reprod Nutr Dev 1991;31(4):411-8. PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUES AND EDUCATION Ali NS. Teaching osteoporosis prevention. Adv Clin Care 1991 Mar-Apr;6(2):32-3. Ali NS, Bennett SJ. Postmenopausal women. Factors in osteoporosis preventive behaviors. J Gerontol Nurs 1992 Dec;18(12):23-32. Angus RM, Eisman JA. Osteoporosis: the role of calcium intake and supplementation. Med J Aust 1988 Jun 20;148(12):630-3. Are you eating right? Consum Rep Consum Union U S 1992 Oct;57(10):644-51. Arnaud C, Sanchez S. Calcium and phosophorus. In: Brown ML, editor. Present knowledge in nutrition. 6th ed. Washington (DC): Nutrition Foundation; 1990. Arnaud CD. Role of dietary calcium in osteoporosis. Adv Intern Med 1990;35:93-106. Bales CW, Gold DT. Nutrition education for osteoporosis patients: an innovative approach to care of the chronically ill elderly. J Nutr Educ 1991 May-Jun;23(3):120-7. Barrett-Connor E. The RDA for calcium in the elderly: too little, too late. Calcif Tissue Int 1989 May;44(5):303-7. Baskin RM. How many calories? how much fat? : guide to calculating the nutritional content of the foods you eat. Yonkers (NY): Consumer Reports Books; c1991. 372 p. Berner LA, Lofgren PA. Nutritional contributions of dairy foods: accentuating the positive and managing perceived negatives. J Dairy Sci 1991 Mar;74(3):1124-30. Blanchard DS. What women can do to protect against osteoporosis. RN 1990 Oct;53(10):60-5. Bond K. Osteoporosis. NAACOGS Clin Issu Perinat Womens Health Nurs 1991;2(4):497-508. Boyle IT. Bones for the future. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 1991;373:58-65. Bricklin M. Prevention magazine's complete nutrition reference handbook: over 1,000 foods and meals analyzed and rated for health effect. Complete nutrition reference handbook. Emmaus (PA): Rodale Press; c1992. 596 p. Calcium: newly emerging roles in disease prevention. Dairy Counc Dig 1993 Sep;64(5):25-30. Calcium supplementation after menopause. Nurses Drug Alert 1993 Apr;17(4):29. Carruth BR, Skinner JD. What do pregnant adolescents believe about nutrition during pregnancy. Home Econ Res J 1992 Sep;21(1):22-33. Cerrato PL. Piecing together the osteoporosis puzzle. RN 1990 Apr;53(4):77-82. Cerrato PL. Teens can shape their postmenopausal years. RN 1992 Aug;55(8):65-6, 68. Clements D, Harding K. Strategies for preventing osteoporosis [letter]. BMJ 1991 Oct 26;303(6809):1060. Comment on: BMJ 1989 Jan 28;298(6668):205-8; BMJ 1990 Apr 21;300(6731):1056-60; BMJ 1990 May 12;300(6734);1220-1; BMJ 1991 Aug 24;303(6800):453-9. Cooper C, Campion G, Melton LJ 3d. Hip fractures in the elderly: a world-wide projection. Osteoporos Int 1992 Nov;2(6):285-9. Coulston AM. Understanding and preventing osteoporosis: every woman could be at risk. Top Clin Nutr 1990 Dec;6(1):10-6. Cummings NB. Women's health and nutrition research: US governmental concerns. J Am Coll Nutr 1993 Aug;12(4):329-36. Cummings SR. Bone mass and bone loss in the elderly: a special case? Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud 1993;38 Suppl 2:92-7. Devogelaer JP, Nagant de Deuxchaisnes C. Osteoporosis. Br J Rheumatol 1993 Jun;32 Suppl 4:48-55. Dimperio D. Preconceptional nutrition. J Pediatr Perinat Nutr 1990;2(2):65-78. Duazo F, Khachadurian AK. Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in the elderly. Top Clin Nutr 1993 Mar;8(2):9-15. Eaton SB, Nelson DA. Calcium in evolutionary perspective. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jul;54(1 Suppl):281S-287S. Ettinger B. Role of calcium in preserving the skeletal health of aging women. South Med J 1992 Aug; 85(8):2S22-30. Ettinger B. An update for the obstetrician-gynecologist on advances in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1993 Jun;5(3):396-403. Ettinger B, Genant HK. Calcium enhances the bone-sparing effects of low-dosage estrogen in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1993;3 Suppl 1:157-8. The FDA's final regulations on health claims for foods. Nutr Rev 1993 Mar;51(3):90-3. Feltman J, editor. Prevention's food & nutrition - the most complete book ever written on using food and vitamins to feel healthy and cure disease. Emmaus (PA): Rodale Press; 1993. 552 p. Frederick L, Hawkins ST. A comparison of nutrition knowledge and attitudes, dietary practices, and bone densities of postmenopausal women, female college athletes, and nonathletic college women. J Am Diet Assoc 1992 Mar;92(3):299-305. Froom J. Selections from current literature: hormone therapy in postmenopausal women. Fam Pract 1991 Sep;8(3):288-92. Furst P. Dietary L-lysine supplementation: a promising nutritional tool in the prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis [editorial]. Nutrition 1993 Jan-Feb; 9(1):71-2. Garn SM. Will calcium supplementation preserve bone integrity? [letter]. Nutr Rev 1990 Jan;48(1):26-7. Gibney MJ. Are there conflicts in dietary advice for prevention of different diseases? Proc Nutr Soc 1992 May;51(1):35-45. Gizis FC. Nutrition in women across the life span. Nurs Clin North Am 1992 Dec;27(4):971-82. Gold DT, Lyles KW, Bales CW, Drezner MK. Teaching patients coping behaviors: an essential part of successful management of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1989 Dec;4(6):799-801. Goulding A. Osteoporosis: why consuming less sodium chloride helps to conserve bone. N Z Med J 1990 Mar 28;103(886):120-2. Comment in: N Z Med J 1990 May 23;103(890):250 and N Z Med J 1990 Jul 25;103(894):355 Green J, McIntosh M, Wilson A. Changes in nutrition knowledge scores and calcium intake in female adolescents. Home Econ Res J 1991 Mar;19(3):207-14. Greenwald P, Clifford C. Diet and cancer prevention: a National Cancer Institute priority. In: Bray GA, Ryan DH, editors. Vitamins and cancer prevention. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press; 1993. p. 1-22. (Pennington center nutrition series; 3). Greer FR. Three important minerals--calcium, iron, and fluoride. Pediatr Ann 1992 Oct;21(10):640-5. Grijalva P. Osteoporosis (porous bone): fact sheet. Las Cruces (NM): New Mexico State University Cooperative Extension Service; 1988 Sep. 4 p. (New Mexico State University Cooperative Extension Service; Guide G). Gutin B, Peterson M, Galsworthy T, Kasper M, Schneider R, Lane J. A screening and counseling program for prevention of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1992 Sep;2(5):252-6. Gynecology. Osteoporosis [videocassette]. Timonium (MD): Milner-Fenwick; 1991. 1 videocassette: 12 min., sound, color, 1/2 inch. Hallfrisch J, Muller DC. Does diet provide adequate amounts of calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc in a well-educated adult population? Exp Gerontol 1993 Jul-Oct;28(4-5):473-83. Hamilton K. The great white hope. Health 1991 May;23(4):50-2. Hans C, Nelson D. Why all the concern about osteoporosis? Ames (IA): Iowa State University Cooperative Extension Service; 1992 Jul. 2 p. Harward MP. Nutritive therapies for osteoporosis. The role of calcium. Med Clin North Am 1993 Jul;77(4):889-98. Heaney RP. Bone mass, nutrition, and other lifestyle factors. Am J Med 1993 Nov 30;95(5A):29S-33S. Heaney RP. The calcium controversy: finding a middle ground between the extremes. Public Health Rep 1989 Sep-Oct;104 Suppl:36-46. Heaney RP. Calcium in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. J Intern Med 1992 Feb;231(2):169-80. Heaney RP. Calcium intake, bone health, and aging. In: Young EA, editor. Nutrition, aging, and health. New York: Liss; 1986. p. 165-86. (Contemporary issues in clinical nutrition; 9). Heaney RP. Calcium intake and bone health throughout life. J Am Med Wom Assoc 1990 May-Jun;45(3):80-6. Heaney RP. Calcium intake in the osteoporotic fracture context: introduction. Am J Clin Nutr 1991 Jul;54(1 Suppl):242S-244S. Heaney RP. Estrogen-calcium interactions in the postmenopause: a quantitative description. Bone Miner 1990 Oct;11(1):67-84. Heaney RP. Hip fracture: a nutritional perspective. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1992 Jun;200(2):153-6. Heaney RP. Lifelong calcium intake and prevention of bone fragility in the aged. Calcif Tissue Int 1991;49 Suppl:S42-5. Heaney RP. Nutritional considerations in bone health and aging. Curr Top Nutr Dis 1989;21:115-26. Heaney RP. Nutritional factors in bone health in elderly subjects: methodological and contextual problems. Am J Clin Nutr 1989 Nov;50(5 Suppl):1182-9; discussion 1231-5. Heaney RP. Nutritional factors in osteoporosis. Annu Rev Nutr 1993;13:287-316. Heaney RP. Protein intake and the calcium economy. J Am Diet Assoc 1993 Nov;93(11):1259-60. Heaney RP. Thinking straight about calcium [editorial]. N Engl J Med 1993 Feb 18;328(7):503-5. Comment on: N Engl J Med 1993 Feb 18;328(7):460-4. Heaney RP, Barger Lux MJ. Calcium in nutrition and prevention of disease. Food Nutr News 1991 Mar-Apr;63(2):7-10. Henderson RC. Bone health in adolescence: anorexia and athletic amenorrhea. Nutr Today 1991 Apr;26(2):25-9. Hickox PG. Osteoporosis update: hormone replacement therapy guidelines. Consultant 1991 Jun;31(6):35-8, 43-4. Holmes S. Diet in pregnancy. Nursing (Lond) 1990 Feb 22-Mar 7;4(5):6, 8-10. Ingram Fogel C. Nutrition and health patterns in midlife women. NAACOGS Clin Issu Perinat Womens Health Nurs 1991;2(4):509-25. Is the RDA for vitamin D adequate for the elderly? Nutr M D 1992 Sep;18(9):1, 3. It's never too late to prevent osteoporosis. Nutr News 1992 Spring;55(1):2-3. Jacobsen SJ, Cooper C, Gottlieb MS, Goldberg J, Yahnke DP, Melton LJ 3d. Hospitalization with vertebral fracture among the aged: a national population-based study, 1986-1989. Epidemiology 1992 Nov;3(6):515-8. Comment in: Epidemiology 1992 Nov;3(6):475-6. Jensen HH, Kesavan T, Johnson SR. Measuring the impact of health awareness on food demand. Rev Agric Econ 1992 Jul;14(2):299-312. Johnell O, Cooper C, Melton LJ 3d. How do we prevent hip fractures? Lancet 1993 Jan 9;341(8837):89. Johnston CC, Melton LJ 3d. Guidelines for osteoporosis prophylaxis [editorial]. J Bone Miner Res 1990 May;5(5):423-4. Johnston CC Jr. Treatment of osteoporotic patients. Public Health Rep 1989 Sep-Oct;104 Suppl:75-7. Johnston CC Jr, Longcope C. Premenopausal bone loss--a risk factor for osteoporosis [editorial]. N Engl J Med 1990 Nov 1;323(18):1271-3. Comment on: N Engl J Med 1990 Nov 1;323(18):1221-7. Johnston CC Jr, Slemenda CW. Changes in skeletal tissue during the aging process. Nutr Rev 1992 Dec;50(12):385-7. Johnston CC Jr, Slemenda CW. Risk assessment: theoretical considerations. Am J Med 1993 Nov 30;95(5A):2S-5S. Johnston JE. Prevention of osteoporosis: the calcium controversy. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 1989 Oct-Dec;1(4):126-31. Johnston PK. Building a baby... nourishment to unborn baby. Vibrant Life 1990 May-Jun;6(3):12, 22-3. Kalliopuska M. Light milk products: effects of product information on women participating in the Women's Ten Kilometer Run. Percept Mot Skills 1993 Oct;77(2):457-8. Kanis JA. Calcium requirements for optimal skeletal health in women. Calcif Tissue Int 1991;49 Suppl:S33-41. Kelsey JL. Risk factors for osteoporosis and associated fractures. Public Health Rep 1989 Sep-Oct;104 Suppl:14-20. Kreipe RE, Forbes GB. Osteoporosis: a new morbidity for dieting female adolescents? Pediatrics 1990 Sep;86(3):478-80. Leventhal D. Food as medicine comes of age. Environ Nutr 1991 Apr;14(4):1, 7. Lichtenstein PK, Tsang RC. Calcium and vitamin D requirements for 6- to 12-month-old infants. In: Heird WC, editor. Nutritional needs of the six to twelve month old infant. New York: Raven Press; 1991. p. 217-27. (Carnation nutrition education series; 2). Lindsay R. Alternative strategies for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Public Health Rep 1989 Sep-Oct;104 Suppl:66-70. Lindsay R. The effect of sex steroids on the skeleton in premenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992 Jun;166(6 Pt 2):1993-6. Lindsay R. Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Lancet 1993 Mar 27;341(8848):801-59. Comment in: Lancet 1993 Mar 27;341(8848):801-5. Lindsay R, Cosman F. Estrogen, calcium metabolism and the skeleton. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1991;622: 307-14. Magner P. Dietary sodium and osteoporosis [letter]. N Z Med J 1990 Jul 25;103(894):355. Comment on: N Z Med J 1990 Mar 28;103(886):120-2. Mahaffey KR. Environmental lead toxicity: nutrition as a component of intervention. Environ Health Perspect 1990 Nov;89:75-8. Matkovic V. Diet, genetics and peak bone mass of adolescent girls. Nutr Today 1991 Apr;26(2):21-4. Matkovic V. Osteoporosis as a pediatric disease: role of calcium and heredity. J Rheumatol Suppl 1992 Apr;33:54-9. Matkovic V, Ilich JZ. Calcium requirements for growth: are current recommendations adequate? Nutr Rev 1993 Jun;51(6):171-80. Maximizing peak bone mass: calcium supplementation increases bone mineral density in children. Nutr Rev 1992 Nov;50(11):335-7. Maximizing your minerals. Univ Calif Berkeley Wellness Lett 1992 Aug;8(11):4-6. McCarron DA, Lipkin M, Rivlin RS, Heaney RP. Dietary calcium and chronic diseases. Med Hypotheses 1990 Apr;31(4):265-73. McIntosh WA, Kubena KS, Walker J, Smith D, Landmann WA. The relationship between beliefs about nutrition and dietary practices of the elderly. J Am Diet Assoc 1990 May;90(5):671-6. Melton LJ 3d. Epidemiology of osteoporosis. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1991 Dec;5(4):785-805. Melton LJ 3d. Epidemiology of osteoporosis: predicting who is at risk. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990;592:295-306; discussion 334-45. Melton LJ 3d. A Gompertzian view of osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1990 May;46(5):285-6. Melton LJ 3d. Hip fractures: a worldwide problem today and tomorrow. Bone 1993;14 Suppl 1:S1-8. Melton LJ 3d, Chrischilles EA, Cooper C, Lane AW, Riggs BL. Perspective. How many women have osteoporosis? J Bone Miner Res 1992 Sep;7(9):1005-10. Meunier PJ. Is steroid-induced osteoporosis preventable? [editorial]. N Engl J Med 1993Jun 17;328(24):1781-2. Comment on: N Engl J Med 1993 Jun 17;328(24):1747-52. Meunier PJ. Prevention of hip fractures. Am J Med 1993 Nov 30;95(5A):75S-78S. Miller PD. Osteoporosis: new developments in prevention and treatment. Physician Assist 1990 Jun;14(6):17-8, 21-2, 25-6 passim. Misra R, Anderson DC. Providing the fetus with calcium. BMJ 1990 May 12;300(6734):1220-1. Comment in: BMJ 1991 Oct 26;303(6809):1060. Morley JE. Nutrition and the older female: a review. J Am Coll Nutr 1993 Aug;12(4):337-43. Mosekilde L. Osteoporosis and calcium. J Intern Med 1992 Feb;231(2):145-9. New RDAs call for more calcium, less sodium. Tufts Univ Diet Nutr Lett 1990 Jan;7(11):1-2. Newmark K, Nugent P. Milk-alkali syndrome. A consequence of chronic antacid abuse. Postgrad Med 1993 May 1;93(6):149-50, 156. Niewoehner B. Osteoporosis management: ten questions physicians often ask. Consultant 1992 May;32(5):131-4, 137-9. Nilas L. Calcium intake and osteoporosis. World Rev Nutr Diet 1993;73:1-26. A 9-point guide to choosing the right supplement. Tufts Univ Diet Nutr Lett 1993 Sep;11(7):3-6. Nutrition and osteoporosis [letter]. Can Med Assoc J 1991 Sep 1;145(5):389-91. Comment on: Can Med Assoc J 1991 Apr 1;144(7):889. Oenning LL, Vogel J, Calvo MS. Accuracy of methods estimating calcium and phosphorus intake in daily diets. J Am Diet Assoc 1988 Sep;88(9):1076-80. Orimo H, Souza AC de, Ouchi Y, Nakamura T, Shiraki M. Skeletal tissue and nutrition in the aging process: an overview. Nutr Rev 1992 Dec;50(12):382-4. Pfister AK. An implication for bone posterity: dietary calcium intake in medical personnel in southern West Virginia. W V Med J 1993 Jul;89(7):280-1. Powers HJ. Micronutrient deficiencies in the preterm neonate. Proc Nutr Soc 1993 Aug;52(2):285-91. Prentice A. Maternal calcium requirements during pregnancy and lactation. Am J Clin Nutr 1994 Feb;59(2 Suppl):477S-482S; discussion 482S-483S. Prince RL. The role of dietary calcium in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Proc Nutr Soc Aust 1992 Dec;17:125-31. Prince RL, Geelhoed E, Harris T, Hockey R, Price R, Smith M. Screening for osteoporosis by bone densitometry: a stratified intervention approach. Osteoporos Int 1993;3 Suppl 1:75-7. Recker RR. Prevention of osteoporosis: calcium nutrition. Osteoporos Int 1993;3 Suppl 1:163-5. Recommended dietary allowances: 10th edition adjustments. Semin Nutr 1990 May-Jun;9(5):1-16. Riggs BL. Nutritional factors in age-related osteoporosis. In: Hutchinson ML, Munro HN, editors. Nutrition and aging. Orlando: Academic Press; 1986. p. 207-16. (Bristol-Myers nutrition symposia; 5). Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3d. Clinical review 8: Clinical heterogeneity of involutional osteoporosis: implications for preventive therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990 May;70(5):1229-32. Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3d. The prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1992 Aug 27;327(9):620-7. Published erratum appears in N Engl J Med 1993 Jan 7;328(1):65. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1993 Jan 7;328(1):65; discussion 66 and N Engl J Med 1993 Jan 7;328(1):66. Riis BJ. Biochemical markers of bone turnover. II: Diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of osteoporosis. Am J Med 1993 Nov 30;95(5A):17S-21S. Rosenberg IH ed. Health claims on foods: American style. Nutr Rev 1992 May;50(5):148-9. Rothschild BM, Thillaud PL. Oldest bone disease [letter]. Nature 1991 Jan 24;349(6307):288. Roughead ZK, Kunkel ME. Effect of diet on bone matrix constituents. J Am Coll Nutr 1991 Jun;10(3):242-6. Round-table discussion on prevention of osteoporosis. In: Munro H, Schlierf G, editors. Nutrition of the elderly. New York: Raven Press; 1992. p. 187-91. (Nestle nutrition workshop series; 29). Sardana R, Mikhail B. Nutritional management of osteoporosis. To slow the advancement of osteoporosis, nurses must encourage their clients to increase their intake of calcium. For geriatric nurses, this may be a challenge. Geriatr Nurs 1992 Nov-Dec;13(6):315-9. Published erratum appears in Geriatr Nurs 1993 Mar-Apr;14(2):97. Schaafsma G. The scientific basis of recommended dietary allowances for calcium. J Intern Med 1992 Feb;231(2):187-94. Schapira DV, Kumar NB, Lyman GH, McMillan SC. The value of current nutrition information. Prev Med 1990 Jan;19(1):45-53. Seelig MS. Increased need for magnesium with the use of combined oestrogen and calcium for osteoporosis treatment. Magnes Res 1990 Sep;3(3):197-215. Smith EL, Gilligan C. Calcium and exercise in prevention of bone loss with age. Clin Nutr 1990 Jan-Feb;9(1):17-20. Sowada BJ, Kendall PA, Jansen GR. Effect of behavioral style on using a nutrient approach in diet planning. J Nutr Educ 1993 Jan-Feb;25(1):5-10. Spector TD, Edwards AC, Thompson PW. Use of a risk factor and dietary calcium questionnaire in predicting bone density and subsequent bone loss at the menopause. Ann Rheum Dis 1992 Nov;51(11):1252-3. Steichen JJ, Koo WW. Mineral nutrition and bone mineralization in full-term infants. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 1992 Sep;140(9 Suppl 1):S21-7. Stewart GO, Nicholson GC. Treatment of osteoporosis and Paget's disease. Curr Opin Rheumatol 1991 Jun;3(3):380-7. Stowers SL. Development of a culturally appropriate food guide for pregnant Caribbean immigrants in the United States. J Am Diet Assoc 1992 Mar;92(3):331-6. Strategies for implementing dietary guidance. Dairy Counc Dig 1990 Jul-Aug;61(4):19-24. Strause LG, Saltman PD. Preventing bone loss with trace minerals and calcium supplementation. Nutr M D 1993 Jun;19(6):1-3. Suitor CW, Gardner JD, Feldstein ML. Characteristics of diet among a culturally diverse group of low-income pregnant women. J Am Diet Assoc 1990 Apr;90(4):543-9. Temianka D. Calcium supplementation in postmenopausal women [letter]. N Engl J Med 1993 Jul 22;329(4):279. Comment on: N Engl J Med 1993 Feb 18;328(7):460-4. Tolstoi LG, Levin RM. Osteoporosis--the treatment controversy. Nutr Today 1992 Aug;27(4):6-12. Toss G. Effect of calcium intake vs. other life-style factors on bone mass. J Intern Med 1992 Feb;231(2):181-6. Tosteson AN, Rosenthal DI, Melton LJ 3d, Weinstein MC. Cost effectiveness of screening perimenopausal white women for osteoporosis: bone densitometry and hormone replacement therapy. Ann Intern Med 1990 Oct 15;113(8):594-603. Tsang RC, Mimouni F, editors. Calcium nutriture for mothers and children. New York: Raven Press; 1992. 148 p. (Carnation nutrition education series; 3). Turner P. Osteoporotic back pain -- its prevention and treatment. Physiotherapy 1991 Sep;77(9):642-6. United States Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Information Service. Good sources of nutrients. [Washington (DC)]: The Service; [1990]. Available from: US GPO, Washington. Vitamin D3 plus calcium to prevent fractures. Nurses Drug Alert 1993 Feb;17(2):10. Walker J, Ball M. Increasing calcium intake in women on a low-fat diet. Eur J Clin Nutr 1993 Oct;47(10):718-23. Wardlaw GM. Putting osteoporosis in perspective. J Am Diet Assoc 1993 Sep;93(9):1000-6. Weinstein MC. The costs of prevention. J Gen Intern Med 1990 Sep-Oct;5(5 Suppl):S89-92. Weinstein MC. Principles of cost-effective resource allocation in health care organizations. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 1990;6(1):93-103. Weinstein MC, Tosteson AN. Cost-effectiveness of hormone replacement. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990;592:162-72; discussion 185-92. Women at risk: osteoporosis. Natl Womens Health Rep 1993 Jul-Aug;15(4):1-5. Yogurt: diet food or dessert. Consum Rep Consum Union U S 1991 May;56(5):323-5. Yogurt--its nutritional and health benefits. Dairy Counc Dig 1990 Mar-Apr;61(2):7-12.
Last updated: 31 December 1996