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Current Bibliographies in Medicine 95-2
Cochlear Implants
CBM 95-2 Cochlear Implants April 1988 through March 1995 881 Citations Prepared by Peggie S. Tillman, Ph.D., M.L.S., National Library of Medicine Amy Donahue, Ph.D., National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Lawrence Shotland, Ph.D., National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institutes of Health National Library of Medicine Reference Section 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20894 1995 National Library of Medicine Cataloging in Publication Tillman, Peggie S. Cochlear implants : April 1988 through March 1995 : 881 citations / prepared by Peggie S. Tillman, Amy Donahue, Lawrence Shotland. -- Bethesda, Md. (8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda 20894) : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Reference Section ; Pittsburgh, PA : Sold by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1995. -- (Current bibliographies in medicine ; 95-2) Available from NLM at no cost through Internet FTP. Prepared in support of the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Cochlear Implants in Adults and Children, held in Bethesda, Md., May 15-17, 1995. Updates: Current bibliographies in medicine ; no. 88-3. 1. Cochlear Implant - bibliography I. Donohue, Amy II. Shotland, Lawrence III. National Library of Medicine (U.S.). Reference Section IV. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Cochlear Implants in Adults and Children (1995 : Bethesda, Md.) V. Title VI. Series 02NLM: ZW 1 N272 no.95-2 SERIES NOTE Current Bibliographies in Medicine (CBM) is a continuation in part of the National Library of Medicine's Literature Search Series, which ceased in 1987 with No. 87-15. In 1989 it also subsumed the Specialized Bibliography Series. Each bibliography in the new series covers a distinct subject area of biomedicine and is intended to fulfill a current awareness function. Citations are usually derived from searching a variety of online databases. NLM databases utilized include MEDLINE, AVLINE, BIOETHICSLINE, CANCERLIT, CATLINE, HEALTH, POPLINE and TOXLINE. The only criterion for the inclusion of a particular published work is its relevance to the topic being presented; the format, ownership, or location of the material is not considered. Comments and suggestions on this series may be addressed to: Karen Patrias, Editor Current Bibliographies in Medicine Reference Section National Library of Medicine Bethesda, MD 20894 Phone: 301-496-6097 Fax: 301-402-1384 Internet: patrias@nlm.nih.gov Ordering Information: Current Bibliographies in Medicine is sold by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. To order the entire CBM series for calendar year 1995 (approximately 10 bibliographies), send $47.00 ($58.75 foreign) to the Superintendent of Documents citing GPO List ID: CBM94. For your convenience an order blank is given inside the back cover. Orders for individual bibliographies in the series ($4.75, $5.94 foreign) should be sent to the Superintendent of Documents citing the title, CBM number, and the GPO List ID given above. Internet Access: The Current Bibliographies in Medicine series is also available at no cost to anyone with Internet access through FTP (File Transfer Protocol). FTP to nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov and login as anonymous. The index file in the "bibs" directory provides information on the bibliographies available. Use of funds for printing this periodical has been approved by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget through September 30, 1995. COCHLEAR IMPLANTS Cochlear implants are effective options in habilitation and rehabilitation of individuals with profound hearing impairment. The vast majority of adults who are deaf and have cochlear implants derive substantial benefit from them when they are used in conjunction with speechreading, and a considerable number of implanted individuals can understand speech without visual clues. Benefits have also been observed in children, including those who lost their hearing prelingually. The National Institutes of Health sponsored a Consensus Development Conference on Cochlear Implants in 1988. Since then, implant technology has been continually improved. Questions unanswered at that time have now been resolved. However, new issues have emerged that must be addressed. For example, the performance of some severely to profoundly hearing-impaired adults using hearing aids is poorer than that of even more severely hearing-impaired individuals using cochlear implants with advanced speech processing strategies. Therefore, the criteria for implantation should be re-examined. Prediction of implant efficacy in a specific individual remains a problem, and agreement does not exist on the definition of a successful implant user. Surgical and other risks and possible long-term effects of cochlear implants require evaluation. Implantation of individuals with multiple disabilities, the elderly, and children, particularly children who are prelingually deaf, engender special questions. What educational setting is best for the development of speech and language in children who are deaf and have a cochlear implant? Are cochlear implants efficacious in children who are prelingually deaf? This bibliography was prepared in support of the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Cochlear Implants in Adults and Children convened in Bethesda, Maryland on May 15-17, 1995. The purpose of the conference was to examine the relevant data concerning the following questions: 1. What factors affect the auditory performance of cochlear implant recipients? 2. What are the benefits and limitations of cochlear implantation? 3. What are the technical and safety considerations of cochlear implantation? 4. Who is a candidate for cochlear implantation? 5. What are the directions for future research on cochlear implantation? The literature from April 1988 forward was searched. Journal articles, monographs, conference papers and proceedings, and dissertations are cited; editorials and letters are not included. Arrangement is by 14 subject categories, and alphabetically by author within each category. Citations appear in only one category. Readers interested in the literature from January 1983 through March 1988 are referred to the following bibliography: Patrias, Karen; Naunton, Ralph F., compilers. Cochlear implants [bibliography]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine; 1988. 24 p. (Current bibliographies in medicine; 88-3). 420 citations; January 1983 through March 1988. SEARCH STRATEGY A variety of online databases are usually searched in preparing bibliographies in the CBM series. To assist you in updating or otherwise manipulating the material in this search, the strategy used for the NLM's MEDLINE database is given below. Please note that the search strategies presented here differ from individual demand searches in that they are generally broadly formulated and irrelevant citations edited out prior to printing. SS 1 = COCHLEAR IMPLANT SS 2 = 1 AND NOT ALL OSSICUL: SS 3 = (TW) ALL MELBOURNE: OR ALL CHORIMAC: OR ALL FRENCH: OR ALL HOUSE# OR ALL STORZ: OR ALL VIENNA: SS 4 = (TW) SYMBION OR INERAID OR CLARION OR NUCLEUS AND NOT NUCLEUS (MHF) SS 5 = 3 OR 4 SS 6 = (TW) ALL IMPLANT: OR ALL PROSTHE: SS 7 = 5 AND 6 SS 8 = AUDITORY (TW) AND 6 OR HEARING (TW) AND 6 SS 9 = EXP EAR OR EXP HEARING SS 10 = 9 AND 7 SS 11 = 2 OR 8 OR 10 GRATEFUL MED To make online searching easier and more efficient, the Library offers GRATEFUL MED, microcomputer-based software that provides a user-friendly interface to most NLM databases. This software was specifically developed for health professionals and features multiple choice menus and "fill in the blank" screens for easy search preparation. GRATEFUL MED runs on an IBM PC (or IBM- compatible) with DOS 2.0 or a Macintosh, and requires a Hayes (or Hayes-compatible) modem. It may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service in Springfield, Virginia, for $29.95 (plus $3.00 per order for shipping). For your convenience, an order blank has been enclosed at the back of this bibliography. SAMPLE CITATIONS Citations in this bibliographic series are formatted according to the rules established for Index Medicus*. Sample journal and monograph citations appear below. For journal articles written in a foreign language, the English translation of the title is placed in brackets; for monographs, the title is given in the original language. In both cases the language of publication is shown by a three letter abbreviation appearing at the end of the citation. Note also that a colon (:) may appear within an author's name or article title. The NLM computer system automatically inserts this symbol in the place of a diacritical mark. Journal Article: Authors Article Title Patrick JF, Clark GM. The Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant system. Ear Hear 1991 Aug;12(4 Suppl):3S-9S. Abbreviated Journal Date Volume Issue Pages Title Monograph: Authors/Editors Title Miller JM, Spelman FA, editors. Cochlear implants: models of the electrically stimulated ear. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1990. 422 p. Place of Publisher Date Total No. Publication of Pages _________________________________ *For details of the formats used for references, see the following publication: Patrias, Karen. National Library of Medicine recommended formats for bibliographic citation. Bethesda (MD): The Library; 1991 Apr. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB91-182030. TABLE OF CONTENTS TECHNICAL FACTORS Surgical Bioengineering Device-electrodes Speech Processing Strategies Additional Issues ANIMAL MODELS Anatomy and Physiology Psychophysics HUMAN STUDIES Pre-implantation Issues Patient Selection Criteria Evaluation and Assessment Post-implantation Issues Psychophysics Speech Perception/Production Rehabilitation and Education Psychosocial Cost Analysis Assessment TECHNICAL FACTORS Surgical Babighian G. Problems in cochlear implant surgery. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1993;48:65-9. Balkany T. Endoscopy of the cochlea during cochlear implantation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1990 Nov;99(11):919-22. Balkany T, Fradis M. Flexible fiberoptic endoscopy of the cochlea: human temporal bone studies. Am J Otol 1991 Jan;12(1):46-8. Balkany T, Gantz B, Nadol JB Jr. Multichannel cochlear implants in partially ossified cochleas. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 1988 Sep-Oct;135:3-7. Bath AP, O'Donoghue GM, Holland IM, Gibbin KP. Paediatric cochlear implantation: how reliable is computed tomography in assessing cochlear patency? Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 1993;18(6):475-9. Betka J, Valvoda M, Hruby J, Skrivan J. [The surgical approach and results of implantation of the Czech cochlear neuroprosthesis]. Cas Lek Cesk 1989 Mar 10;128(11):339-41. (Cze). Betka J, Valvoda M, Hruby J, Skrivan J. Surgical procedure and results of implantation of the Czech cochlear neuroprosthesis. Czech Med 1990;13(2-3):124-30. Birman C, Croxson G. Delayed facial palsy, a complication of cochlear implant. Aust J Otolaryngol 1993;1(3):252-4. Chute PM, Hellman SA, Parisier SC, Tartter VC, Economou A. Auditory perception changes after reimplantation in a child cochlear implant user. Ear Hear 1992 Jun;13(3):195-9. Clark GM, Cohen NL, Shepherd RK. Surgical and safety considerations of multichannel cochlear implants in children. Ear Hear 1991 Aug;12(4 Suppl):15S-24S. Clark GM, Shepherd RK, Franz BK, Dowell RC, Tong YC, Blamey PJ, Webb RL, Pyman BC, McNaughtan J, Bloom DM, et al. The histopathology of the human temporal bone and auditory central nervous system following cochlear implantation in a patient. Correlation with psychophysics and speech perception results. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl (Stockh) 1988;448:1-65. Cohen NL, Hoffman RA. Complications of cochlear implant surgery in adults and children. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1991 Sep;100(9 Pt 1):708-11. Cohen NL, Hoffman RA. Surgical complications of multichannel cochlear implants in North America. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1993;48:70-4. Cohen NL, Hoffman RA, Stroschein M. Medical or surgical complications related to the Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 1988 Sep-Oct;135:8-13. Published erratum appears in Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 1989 Sep;98(9):754. Cohen NL, Waltzman SB. Partial insertion of the nucleus multichannel cochlear implant: technique and results. Am J Otol 1993 Jul;14(4):357-61. Courville T. Cochlear implants. J S C Med Assoc 1994 Oct;90(10):491-3. Dahm MC, Seldon HL, Pyman BC, Laszig R, Lehnhardt E, Clark GM. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the cochlea and temporal bone. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1993;48:17-22. Dahm MC, Shepherd RK, Clark GM. The postnatal growth of the temporal bone and its implications for cochlear implantation in children. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl (Stockh) 1993;505:1-39. Daspit CP. Meningitis as a result of a cochlear implant: case report. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991 Jul;105(1):115-6. Deguine O, Fraysse B, Uziel A, Cochard N, Reuillard-Artieres F, Piron JP, Mondain M. Predictive factors in cochlear implant surgery. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1993;48:142-5. Deguine O, Fraysse B, Uziel A, Mondain M. [Surgical technique and results of cochlear implant in normal or ossified cochlea]. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 1993;114(1):5-8. (Fre). El-Naggar M, Hawthorne M. Delayed extrusion of a cochlear implant: a case report of an implant extruding 21 month after the original operation. J Laryngol Otol 1995;109(1):56-7. Fayad J, Linthicum FH Jr, House WF. [Cochlear implants: histological data]. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 1990;111(5):439-42. (Fre). Frachet B, Tison P, Despreaux G, Moine A, Van Den Abbeele T. [Atypical implants]. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 1990;107(7):442-4;discussion 444-5. (Fre). Frachet B, Van Den Abeele T. [Apropos of functional studies in patients with acoustic implants]. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 1991;112(5):463-6. (Fre). Frachet B, Vormes E, Verschuur HP, Harboun-Cohen E, Despreaux G. [Electrical stimulation of the fenestra ovale. Perspectives]. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 1988;105(8):597-600. (Fre). Franz BK, Clark GM. The surgical anatomy for multiple-electrode extracochlear implant operations. J Laryngol Otol 1988 Aug;102(8):685-8. Gantz BJ, Lowder MW, McCabe BF. Audiologic results following reimplantation of cochlear implants. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 1989 Aug;142:12-6. Gao Y. [Cochlear implantation: clinical experience with 50 cases]. Chung Hua Erh Pi Yen Hou Ko Tsa Chih 1989;24(1):9-11, 62. (Chi). Garabedian EN. [Cochlear implants in children]. Rev Infirm 1992 Jun;42(11):44-6. (Fre). Gherini SG, Horn K, Bush JE. Delayed flap necrosis with the nucleus multi-channel cochlear implant prevention/diagnosis/treatment. Paper presented at: 1991 American Laryngological Rhinological and Otological Society Western Section Meeting; 1991 Jan 18-20; Santa Barbara, CA. Goycoolea MV, Muchow DC, Schirber CM, Goycoolea HG, Schellhas K. Anatomical perspective, approach, and experience with multichannel intracochlear implantation. Laryngoscope 1990 Feb;100(2 Pt 2 Suppl 50):1-18. Graham JM, East CA, Fraser JG. UCH/RNID single channel cochlear implant: surgical technique. J Laryngol Otol Suppl 1989;18:14-9. Green JD Jr, Marion MS, Hinojosa R. Labyrinthitis ossificans: histopathologic consideration for cochlear implantation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991 Mar;104(3):320-6. Gyo K, Nishihara S, Sato H. [A case of revision of a cochlear implant]. Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 1994 Nov;97(11):2113-6. (Jpn). Haberkamp TJ, Schwaber MK. Management of flap necrosis in cochlear implantation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1992 Jan;101(1):38-41. Hatsushika S, Shepherd RK, Tong YC, Clark GM, Funasaka S. Dimensions of the scala tympani in the human and cat with reference to cochlear implants. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1990 Nov;99(11):871-6. Hoffman RA, Cohen NL. Surgical pitfalls in cochlear implantation. Laryngoscope 1993 Jul;103(7):741-4. Hoffman RA, Cohen N, Waltzman S, Shapiro W, Goldofsky E. Delayed extrusion of the nucleus multichannel cochlear implant. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991 Jul;105(1):117-9. Hoshino T. [Temporal bone anatomy relevant to insertion of multichannel cochlear implant electrode]. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg Tokyo 1994;66(5):399-402. (Jpn). House JR 3d, Luxford WM. Facial nerve injury in cochlear implantation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993 Dec;109(6):1078-82. Comment in: Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1994 Jul;111(1):153-4. Ito J. Considerations of cochlear implant surgery. Clin Otolaryngol 1993 Apr;18(2):108-11. Johnsson LG. Otopathological aspects of cochlear implants. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl (Stockh) 1988;449:65-6. Kautzky M, Susani M, Hubsch P, Kursten R, Zrunek M. Holmium: YAG laser surgery in obliterated cochleas: an experimental study in human cadaver temporal bones. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1994;251(3):165-9. Kautzky M, Susani M, Hubsch P, Steurer M, Zrunek M. [Experimental laser surgery of the ossified cochlea]. Laryngorhinootologie 1994 Mar;73(3):136-42. (Ger). Kirkwood ME, Crowe L. In-house sterilization of implants. Standardizing the procedure. AORN J 1993 Nov;58(5):971-8. Kubik S, Banfai P. Applied anatomy of the cochlea for the purpose of the cochlear implant technique. Acta Morphol Hung 1990;38(3-4):179-87. Kveton JF, Abbott C, April M, Drumheller G, Cohen N, Poe DS. Cochlear implantation after transmastoid labyrinthectomy. Laryngoscope 1989 Jun;99(6 Pt 1):610-3. Lambert PR. Congenital absence of the oval window. Laryngoscope 1990 Jan;100(1):37-40. Comment in: Laryngoscope 1991 Feb;101(2):220. Lambert PR, Ruth RA, Hodges AV. Multichannel cochlear implant and electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses in a child with labyrinthitis ossificans. Laryngoscope 1991 Jan;101(1 Pt 1):14-9. Lehnhardt E. Intracochlear electrode placement facilitated by Healon. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1993;48:62-4. Lehnhardt E. [Intracochlear placement of cochlear implant electrodes in soft surgery technique]. HNO 1993 Jul;41(7):356-9. (Ger). Leirner AA, Oshiro MS, Nunes CA, Bento RF, Miniti A. A pathway for information transmission to the inner ear. Application to cochlear implants. ASAIO J 1992 Jul-Sep;38(3):M253-6. Levine SC. A complex case of cochlear implant electrode placement. Am J Otol 1989;10(6);477-80. Liening DA, Haupert M, Kartush J. Cochlear implantation and variation of facial nerve anatomy: a case report. Ear Nose Throat J 1994 Sep;73(9):667-9. Linthicum FH Jr, Fayad J, Otto S, Galey FR, House WF. Inner ear morphologic changes resulting from cochlear implantation. Am J Otol 1991;12 Suppl:8-10; discussion 18-21. Linthicum FH Jr, Fayad J, Otto SR, Galey FR, House WF. Cochlear implant histopathology. Am J Otol 1991 Jul;12(4):245-311. Marks DR, Jackler RK, Bates GJ, Greenberg S. Pediatric cochlear implantation: strategies to accommodate for head growth. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1989 Jul;101(1):38-46. Marsh MA, Coker NJ, Jenkins HA. Temporal bone histopathology of a patient with a nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant. Am J Otol 1992 May;13(3):241-8. Marsh MA, Jenkins HA, Coker NJ. Histopathology of the temporal bone following multichannel cochlear implantation. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992 Nov;118(11):1257-65. Mens LH, Oostendorp T, van den Broek P. Cochlear implant generated surface potentials: current spread and side effects. Ear Hear 1994 Aug;15(4):339-45. Migueis A, Portmann M. [Bulbar auditory nuclei: morphological study, consequences for implantation of electrodes]. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 1991;112(3):269-71. (Fre). Molter DW, Pate BR Jr, McElveen JT Jr. Cochlear implantation in the congenitally malformed ear. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993 Feb;108(2):174-7. Montandon PB, Boex C, Pelizzone M. Ineraid cochlear implant in the ossified cochlea: surgical techniques and results. Am J Otol 1994;15(6):748-51. Morgan WE, Coker NJ, Jenkins HA. Histopathology of temporal bone fractures: implications for cochlear implantation. Laryngoscope 1994 Apr;104(4):426-32. Nadol JB Jr, Ketten DR, Burgess BJ. Otopathology in a case of multichannel cochlear implantation. Laryngoscope 1994 Mar;104(3 Pt 1):299-303. Nadol JB Jr, Xu WZ. Diameter of the cochlear nerve in deaf humans: implications for cochlear implantation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1992 Dec;101(12):988-93. Nadol JB Jr, Young YS, Glynn RJ. Survival of spiral ganglion cells in profound sensorineural hearing loss: implications for cochlear implantation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1989 Jun;98(6):411-6. O'Leary MJ, Fayad J, House WF, Linthicum FH Jr. Electrode insertion trauma in cochlear implantation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1991 Sep;100(9 Pt 1):695-9. Parisier SC, Chute P, Weiss M, Hellman S, Selesnick S. Results of cochlear implant reinsertion. Paper presented at: American Laryngological, Rhinological, and Otological Society 93rd Annual Meeting; 1990 May 1-3; Palm Beach, FL. Parisier SC, Chute PM. Multichannel implants in postmeningitic ossified cochleas. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1993;48:49-58. Parisier SC, Chute PM, Weiss MH, Hellman SA, Wang RC. Results of cochlear implant reinsertion. Laryngoscope 1991 Sep;101(9):1013-5. Parkin JL. Percutaneous pedestal in cochlear implantation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1990 Oct;99(10 Pt 1):796-800. Parkins CW. Temporal response patterns of auditory nerve fibers to electrical stimulation in deafened squirrel monkeys. Hear Res 1989 Sep;41(2-3):137-68. Parnes LS, Gagne JP, Hassan R. Cochlear implants and otitis media: considerations in two cleft palate patients. J Otolaryngol 1993 Oct;22(5):345-8. Pijl S, Noel F. The Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant: comparison of scala tympani vs. scala vestibuli electrode placement in a single patient. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992 Sep;107(3):472-4. Portmann M, Portmann D, Negrevergne M. Surgical difficulties with cochlear implants. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1993;48:59-61. Ribari O, Speer K, Sziklai I, Repassy G. Hearing improvement achieved by different cochlear implantation techniques on the same and contralateral ears. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1992;112(2):225-9. Robinson PJ, Chopra S. Antibiotic prophylaxis in cochlear implantation: current practice. J Laryngol Otol Suppl 1989;18:20-1. Schlondorff G, Hermes H, Weck L. [Cochlear implants in patients with radical cavity]. HNO 1989 Oct;37(10):423-5. (Ger). Schweitzer VG, Burtka MJ. Cochlear implant flap necrosis: adjunct hyperbaric oxygen therapy for prevention of explantation. Am J Otol 1991 Jan;12(1):71-5. Silverstein H, Smouha E, Morgan N. Multichannel cochlear implantation in a patient with bilateral Mondini deformities. Am J Otol 1988 Nov;9(6):451-5. Steenerson RL, Gary LB. Multichannel cochlear implantation in obliterated cochleas using the Gantz procedure. Laryngoscope 1994 Sep;104(9):1071-3. Steenerson RL, Gary LB, Wynens MS. Scala vestibuli cochlear implantation for labyrinthine ossification. Am J Otol 1990 Sep;11(5):360-3. Terr LI, Sfogliano GA, Riley SL Jr. Effects of stimulation by cochlear implant on the cochlear nerve. Laryngoscope 1989 Nov;99(11):1171-4. Third symposium on cochlear implants in children. Indianapolis, Indiana, January 26-27, 1990. Proceedings. Am J Otol 1991;12 Suppl:1-217. Tjellstrom A. [Titanium implants in otorhinolaryngology]. HNO 1989 Aug;37(8):309-14. (Ger). Tos M, Salomon G, Bonding P, Parving A. Implantation of intracochlear electrodes in Denmark. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl (Stockh) 1988;449:69-70. Uziel A. [Cochlear implants in 1990]. Rev Prat 1990 Sep 1;40(19):1766-70. (Fre). Waltzman SB, Cohen NL, Shapiro WH. Effects of chronic electrical stimulation on patients using a cochlear prosthesis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991 Dec;105(6):797-801. Wang RC, Parisier SC, Weiss MH, Chute PM, Hellman SA, Sauris E. Cochlear implant flap complications. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1990 Oct;99(10 Pt 1):791-5. Webb RL, Lehnhardt E, Clark GM, Laszig R, Pyman BC, Franz BK. Surgical complications with the cochlear multiple-channel intracochlear implant: experience at Hannover and Melbourne. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1991 Feb;100(2):131-6. Welling DB, Hinojosa R, Gantz BJ, Lee JT. Insertional trauma of multichannel cochlear implants. Laryngoscope 1993 Sep;103(9):995-1001. Windmill IM, Martinez SA, Nolph MB, Eisenmenger BA. Surgical and nonsurgical complications associated with cochlear prosthesis implantation. Am J Otol 1990 Nov;11(6):415-20. Wustrow TP. [65th Annual Meeting of the German ENT, Head and Neck Surgery Society. Cochlear implant]. Laryngorhinootologie 1994 Oct;73(10):556. (Ger). Zappia JJ, Niparko JK, Oviatt DL, Kemink JL, Altschuler RA. Evaluation of the temporal bones of a multichannel cochlear implant patient. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1991 Nov;100(11):914-21. Bioengineering Device-electrodes Ariyasu L, Galey FR, Hilsinger R Jr, Byl FM. Computer-generated three-dimensional reconstruction of the cochlea. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1989 Feb;100(2):87-91. Aronson L, Arauz SL, deCorvetto AS, de Zaccaria SN, Pallante AS, Zanutto SB. Extracochlear electrical stimulation. Artif Organs 1989 Apr;13(2):123-32. Balkany T, Boggess W, Dinner B. Binaural cochlear implantation: comparison of 3M/House and Nucleus 22 devices with evidence of sensory integration. Laryngoscope 1988 Oct;98(10):1040-3. Battmer RD, Gnadeberg D, von Wallenberg E, Lehnhardt E, Allum DJ. A study of monopolar and bipolar stimulation modes with a modified Nucleus Mini-22 cochlear implant. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1993;48:9-16. Berger-Vachon C, Collet L, Djedou B, Morgon A. Model for understanding the influence of some parameters in cochlear implantation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1992 Jan;101(1):42-5. Boggess W, Balkany T, Dinner B. Binaural cochlear implantation: comparison of 3M/House and Nucleus 22 devices with evidence of sensory integration. Laryngoscope 1988;98(10):1040-3. Burian K, Klasek O. A new behind the ear wearable speech processor for the Vienna cochlear prosthesis. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1993;48:258-60. Burton MJ, Shepherd RK, Xu SA, Xu J, Franz BK, Clark GM. Cochlear implantation in young children: histological studies on head growth, leadwire design, and electrode fixation in the monkey model. Laryngoscope 1994 Feb;104(2):167-75. Chouard CH, Genin J, MacLeod P, Meyer B, Mellah A, Dubus P, Leveau JM, Sequeville T. [Presentation of the prototype of a fully implanted cochlear prosthesis]. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 1990;107(7):425-9. (Fre). Chouard CH, Genin J, Meyer B. Clinical results of a 15-filter digital auditory prosthesis using selective amplification and compression. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1992;112(2):230-6. Chouard CH, Meyer B, Fugain C, Garabedian N. [The choice between mono- and multielectrode implants in rehabilitation of total deafness in young children]. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 1991;112(4):329-34. (Fre). 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Last updated: 31 December 1996