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| Current Bibliographies in Medicine | |
Current Bibliographies in Medicine 2000-2
Osteoporosis
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Table of Contents Series Note PDF Version of This CBM Sample Citations Introduction Bibliography: I. Guidelines and Consensus Statements
IV. Therapy (Treatment and Prevention)
VI. Health Care (Burden of Illness) / Cost Effectiveness VIII. Nutrition and Bone Health XIII. Rehabilitation and Fracture Treatment |
January 1995 through December 1999 2449 Citations Prepared by 2000 March U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Library of Medicine Each bibliography in the Current Bibliographies in Medicine (CBM) series covers a distinct subject area of biomedicine and is intended to fulfill a current awareness function. Citations are usually derived from searching a variety of online databases. NLM databases utilized include MEDLINE®, AVLINE®, BIOETHICSLINE®, CANCERLIT®, CATLINE®, HEALTHSTARtm, POPLINEtm, and TOXLINE®. The only criterion for the inclusion of a particular published work is its relevance to the topic being presented; the format, ownership, or location of the material is not considered. Other publications in the Current Bibliographies in Medicine series are available at no cost to anyone with Internet access through the Library's World Wide Web site at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/resources.html. Comments and suggestions on this series may be addressed to: Karen Patrias, Editor PubMedTM and Internet Grateful Med® To make online searching easier and more efficient, the Library offers two user-friendly interfaces to its databases. Both PubMed and Internet Grateful Med are available from the World Wide Web. The user with Internet access need only point a compatible Web browser to the NLM Web site http://www.nlm.nih.gov. No other software at the user end is required. Searching through either PubMed or Internet Grateful Med is free-of-charge. Further information on both PubMed and Internet Grateful Med may be found at the NLM Web site given above. For those users without access to the World Wide Web, please contact the Library's Customer Service Desk at 1-888-FINDNLM (301-594-5983 international) or send e-mail for information on alternative ways to search. Beginning with the 2000 CBMs, two formats are offered: HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and Portable Document Format (PDF). PDF documents require the use of the Adobe® Acrobat® Reader, which can be downloaded from Adobe's Web site at no charge. The PDF version of this CBM can be downloaded directly from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/cbm/osteoporosis.pdf. Citations are formatted according to the rules established for Index Medicus®*. Sample journal and monograph citations appear below. For journal articles written in a foreign language, the English translation of the title is placed in brackets; for monographs, the title is given in the original language. In both cases the language of publication is shown by a three letter abbreviation appearing at the end of the citation. Journal Article: Example: Order, with separating punctuation: Monograph: Example: Order, with separating punctuation: * For details of the formats used for references, see the following publication: |
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a major threat for millions of Americans. In the U.S. today, 10 million individuals already have osteoporosis, and 18 million more have low bone mass, placing them at increased risk for this disease. Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and an increased susceptibility to fractures-especially of the hip, spine, and wrist. It is the most prevalent of the bone diseases that affect Americans, and women are four times more likely to develop osteoporosis than men.
Osteoporosis, once acknowledged as a natural part of aging, does not need to be a consequence of aging any longer. It is largely a preventable disease due to the remarkable progress that has been made in the scientific understanding of its causes, diagnosis, and treatment.
This bibliography was prepared in support of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Conference on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy, held in Bethesda, Maryland on March 27-29, 2000.
The conference addressed the following key questions:
- What is osteoporosis and what are it's consequences?
- How do risks vary among different segments of the population?
- What factors are involved in building and maintaining skeletal health throughout life?
- What is the optimal evaluation and treatment of osteoporosis and fractures?
- What are the directions for future research?
The bibliography lists selected journal article citations from NLM's MEDLINE and other online databases from January 1995 through December 1999. It has been limited to human studies published in English. In general, reviews, letters, case reports, and editorials have been omitted. The bibliography is arranged in 14 subject categories that address the questions posed by the consensus development conference including: guidelines and consensus statements; epidemiology; assessment; therapy; bone growth; health care (including burden of illness and cost effectiveness); models and definitions; nutrition and bone health; osteoporosis in men; oral bone and osteoporosis; pathophysiology; quality of life; rehabilitation and fracture treatment; and secondary osteoporosis. In general, only articles that report clinical research studies or review comprehensively a particular topic are included. Citations are listed in only one category. Within each category, arrangement is alphabetical by author.
Any reproductions of this bibliography, in whole or in part, must include all credits. If you wish to cite this bibliography, the correct format is:
Glock, Martha; Shanahan, Kathleen A.; McGowan, Joan A., compilers. Osteoporosis [bibliography online]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine; 2000 Mar [insert cited year month day in brackets]. [insert no. of screens or lines in brackets]. (Current bibliographies in medicine; no. 2000-2). 2449 citations from January 1995 through December 1999. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/resources.html
I. Guidelines and Consensus Statements
AACE Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. J Fla Med Assoc 1996 Oct;83(8):552-66.
ACOG educational bulletin. Nutrition and women. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1997;56(1):71-81.
ACOG educational bulletin. Osteoporosis. Number 246, April 1998 (replaces No. 167, May 1992). American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1998 Aug;62(2):193-201.
ACR recommendations target prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Task Force on Osteoporosis, American College of Rheumatology. Am Fam Physician 1997 Mar;55(4):1450, 1453.
American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Osteoporosis and exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995 Apr;27(4):i-vii.
Andersson GB, Bostrom MP, Eyre DR, Glaser DL, Hu SS, Lane JM, Melton LJ 3rd, Myers ER, Seeger LL, Weinstein JN. Consensus summary on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Spine 1997 Dec 15;22(24 Suppl):63S-65S.
Au SY, Leung MF, Chan CS, Choi SH, Leung PC, Haines C, Tang GWK, Tang LCH, Kung AWC, Ma J, Lam TP, Lee A, Lau EMC. Clinical management guidelines for osteoporosis in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 1998;4(4):423-31.
Baran DT, Faulkner KG, Genant HK, Miller PD, Pacifici R. Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis: guidelines for the utilization of bone densitometry. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Dec;61(6):433-40.
Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Scientific Advisory Board And Osteoporosis Society Of Canada. CMAJ 1996;155(8):1113-29.
Compston JE, Papapoulos SE, Blanchard F. Report on osteoporosis in the European Community: current status and recommendations for the future. Working Party from European Union Member States. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(6):531-4.
Dalsky GP. Guidelines for diagnosing osteoporosis. Physician Sportsmed 1996;24(7):96-100.
Diagnostics: the correlation of bone mineral density and biochemical markers to fracture risk--where do we go from here? Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Indianapolis, Indiana, September 7-8, 1995. The Osteoporosis Global Medical Conference. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;59 Suppl 1:S1-37.
Eastell R, Reid DM, Compston J, Cooper C, Fogelman I, Francis RM, Hosking DJ, Purdie DW, Ralston SH, Reeve J, Russell RG, Stevenson JC, Torgerson DJ. A UK Consensus Group on management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: an update. J Intern Med 1998 Oct;244(4):271-92.
Eddy DM, Johnston CC Jr, Cummings SR, Dawson-Hughes B, Lindsay R, Melton LJ 3rd, Slemenda CW. Osteoporosis: Review of the evidence for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and cost-effectiveness analysis. Status report. Osteoporos Int 1998;8 Suppl 4:S3-82.
European consensus development conference on menopause. European Menopause Society. Hum Reprod 1996 May;11(5):975-9.
Fujita T. Clinical guidelines for the treatment of osteoporosis in Japan. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;59 Suppl 1:34-7.
Genant HK, Cooper C, Poor G, Reid I, Ehrlich G, Kanis J, Nordin BEC, Barrett-Connor E, Black D, Bonjour JP, Dawson-Hughes B, Delmas PD, Dequeker J, Eis SR, Gennari C, Johnell O, Johnston CC Jr, Lau EMC, Liberman UA, Lindsay R, Martin TJ, Masri B, Mautalen CA, Meunier PJ, Miller PD, Mithal A, Morii H, Papapoulos S, Woolf A, Yu W, Khaltaev N. Interim report and recommendations of the World Health Organization Task-Force for Osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1999;10(4):259-64.
Genant HK, Lang TF, Engelke K, Fuerst T, Gluer C, Majumdar S, Jergas M. Advances in the noninvasive assessment of bone density, quality, and structure. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;59 Suppl 1:S10-5.
Gluer CC. Quantitative ultrasound techniques for the assessment of osteoporosis: expert agreement on current status. The International Quantitative Ultrasound Consensus Group. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Aug;12(8):1280-8.
Hanley DA, Josse RG. Prevention and management of osteoporosis: consensus statements from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada. 1. Introduction. CMAJ 1996 Oct 1;155(7):921-3. Published erratum appears in CMAJ 1997 Jan 1;156(1):23.
Hochberg MC, Prashker MJ, Greenwald M, Hannan MT, Lane NE, Lindsey SM, Lovell DJ, Tindall EA. Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid- induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39(11):1791-801.
Hodsman A, Adachi J, Olszynski W. Prevention and management of osteoporosis: consensus statements from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada. 6. Use of bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis. CMAJ 1996 Oct 1;155(7):945-8.
Johnston CC Jr. Development of clinical practice guidelines for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;59 Suppl 1:S30-3.
Jones G, Hogan DB, Yendt E, Hanley DA. Prevention and management of osteoporosis: consensus statements from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada. 8. Vitamin D metabolites and analogs in the treatment of osteoporosis. CMAJ 1996 Oct 1;155(7):955-61.
Joseph P, Hughes D. Osteoporosis. Guidelines for general practitioners. Osteoporosis Australia. Aust Fam Physician 1997 Oct;26(10):1181-5, 1188-91, 1194-6.
Josse RG. Prevention and management of osteoporosis: consensus statements from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada. 3. Effects of ovarian hormone therapy on skeletal and extraskeletal tissues in women. CMAJ 1996 Oct 1;155(7):929-34. Comment in: CMAJ 1997 Jun 1;156(11):1530, 1532.
Kanis JA, Delmas P, Burckhardt P, Cooper C, Torgerson D. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. The European Foundation for Osteoporosis and Bone Disease. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(4):390-406.
Kanis JA, Devogelaer JP, Gennari C. Practical guide for the use of bone mineral measurements in the assessment of treatment of osteoporosis: a position paper of the European foundation for osteoporosis and bone disease. The Scientific Advisory Board and the Board of National Societies. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(3):256-61.
Kaufman JM, Devogelaer JP, Raeman F, Rozenberg S, Body JJ, Westhovens R, Reginster JY. Prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. National Consensus of the "Belgian Bone Club", November 1996. Clin Rheumatol 1997 Jun;16(4):343-5.
Meunier PJ, Delmas PD, Eastell R, McClung MR, Papapoulos S, Rizzoli R, Seeman E, Wasnich RD. Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: clinical guidelines. International Committee for Osteoporosis Clinical Guidelines. Clin Ther 1999 Jun;21(6):1025-44.
Miller PD, Bonnick SL, Rosen C. Guidelines for the clinical utilization of bone mass measurement in the adult population. Society for Clinical Densitometry. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Oct;57(4):251-2.
Miller PD, Bonnick SL, Rosen CJ. Consensus of an international panel on the clinical utility of bone mass measurements in the detection of low bone mass in the adult population. Calcif Tissue Int 1996 Apr;58(4):207-14.
Morii H, Genant HK. Statement on the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis from the Consensus Development Conference at the Second International Conference on Osteoporosis, Osaka 1997. J Bone Miner Metab 1998;16(4):206-14.
Murray TM. Prevention and management of osteoporosis: consensus statements from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada. 4. Calcium nutrition and osteoporosis. CMAJ 1996 Oct 1;155(7):935-9. Comment in: Can Med Assoc J 1997 May 1;156(9):1269.
Murray TM, Ste-Marie LG. Prevention and management of osteoporosis: consensus statements from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada. 7. Fluoride therapy for osteoporosis. CMAJ 1996 Oct 1;155(7):949-54.
Osteoporosis 1995. Basic diagnosis and therapeutic elements for a national consensus proposal. Sao Paulo, Brazil May 12-13 1995. Rev Paul Med 1995 Jul-Aug;113(4 Suppl):1-64. (. Por).
Osteoporosis: review of the evidence for prevention, diagnosis and treatment and cost-effectiveness analysis. Executive summary. Osteoporos Int 1998;8 Suppl 4:S3-6.
Otis CL, Drinkwater B, Johnson M, Loucks A, Wilmore J. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. The Female Athlete Triad. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997 May;29(5):i-ix. Comment in: Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997 Dec;29(12):1669-71.
Prince RL. Practice guidelines for the treatment of osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;59 Suppl 1:S20-3.
Prior JC, Barr SI, Chow R, Faulkner RA. Prevention and management of osteoporosis: consensus statements from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada. 5. Physical activity as therapy for osteoporosis. CMAJ 1996 Oct 1;155(7):940-4.
Reginster JL. Harmonization of clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteopenia in Europe: a difficult challenge. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;59 Suppl 1:S24-9.
Report from the Danish Medical Research Council and the Danish Hospital Institute. Consensus statement on osteoporosis. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 1996 Summer;12(3):524-5.
Sambrook PN, Cummings SR, Eisman JA, Genant HK, Eastell R, Reginster JY, Dequeker J, Silverman S, Adachi JD, Tugwell P. Guidelines for osteoporosis trials. J Rheumatol 1997;24(6):1234-6.
Scott PJ. Consensus viewpoint on the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The Ad Hoc Group on Osteoporosis. N Z Med J 1997 Oct 24;110(1054):397-9.
Siminoski K, Josse RG. Prevention and management of osteoporosis: consensus statements from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada. 9. Calcitonin in the treatment of osteoporosis. CMAJ 1996 Oct 1;155(7):962-5.
Sturtridge W, Lentle B, Hanley DA. Prevention and management of osteoporosis: consensus statements from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada. 2. The use of bone density measurement in the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. CMAJ 1996 Oct 1;155(7):924-9.
The prevention and management of osteoporosis. Consensus statement. Australian National Consensus Conference 1996. Med J Aust 1997 Jul 7;167 Suppl:S1-15.
Thompson DD, Simmons HA, Pirie CM, Ke HZ. FDA Guidelines and animal models for osteoporosis. Bone 1995 Oct;17(4 Suppl):125S-133S.
Who are candidates for prevention and treatment for osteoporosis? Osteoporos Int 1997;7(1):1-6.
II. Epidemiology
II. A. Bone Density
Arlot ME, Sornay-Rendu E, Garnero P, Vey-Marty B, Delmas PD. Apparent pre- and postmenopausal bone loss evaluated by DXA at different skeletal sites in women: the OFELY cohort. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Apr;12(4):683-90.
Barrett-Connor E, Goodman-Gruen D. Gender differences in insulin-like growth factor and bone mineral density association in old age: the Rancho Bernardo Study. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Aug;13(8):1343-9.
Blanchet C, Dodin S, Dumont M, Giguere Y, Turcot-Lemay L, Beauchamp J, Prud'homme D. Bone mineral density in French Canadian women. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(3):268-73.
Chittacharoen A, Theppisai U, Sirisriro R, Thanantaseth C. Pattern of bone loss in surgical menopause: a preliminary report. J Med Assoc Thai 1997 Nov;80(11):731-7.
del Puente A, Heyse SP, Mandes MG, Mantova D, Carpinelli A, Nutile G, Oriente P. Epidemiology of osteoporosis in women in southern Italy. Aging (Milano) 1998 Feb;10(1):53-8.
Donne B, Kelly M, Kelly A, Barniville G, O'Brien M, Corlett L. Bone density profiles and osteoporosis incidence in Irish females. Ir Med J 1996 May-Jun;89(3):92-4.
Fujiwara S, Fukunaga M, Nakamura T, Chen JT, Shiraki M, Hashimoto T, Yoh K, Nakamura T, Mizunuma H, Tomomitsu T, Kasagi F, Masunari N, Orimo H. Rates of change in spinal bone density among Japanese women. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Sep;63(3):202-7.
Guthrie JR, Ebeling PR, Hopper JL, Barrett-Connor E, Dennerstein L, Dudley EC, Burger HG, Wark JD. A prospective study of bone loss in menopausal Australian-born women. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(3):282-90.
Haddock L. Prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in a normal female Puerto Rican population. P R Health Sci J 1997 Sep;16(3):241-4.
Hadjidakis D, Kokkinakis E, Giannopoulos G, Merakos G, Raptis SA. Bone mineral density of vertebrae, proximal femur and os calcis in normal Greek subjects as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: Comparison with other populations. Eur J Clin Invest 1997;27(3):219-27.
Hansen MA, Overgaard K, Christiansen C. Spontaneous postmenopausal bone loss in different skeletal areas--followed up for 15 years. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Feb;10(2):205-10.
Hui SL, Zhou L, Evans R, Slemenda CW, Peacock M, Weaver CM, McClintock C, Johnston CC Jr. Rates of growth and loss of bone mineral in the spine and femoral neck in white females. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(3):200-5.
Kroger H, Lunt M, Reeve J, Dequeker J, Adams JE, Birkenhager JC, Diaz Curiel M, Felsenberg D, Hyldstrup L, Kotzki P, Laval-Jeantet A, Lips P, Louis O, Perez Cano R, Reiners C, Ribot C, Ruegsegger P, Schneider P, Braillon P, Pearson J. Bone density reduction in various measurement sites in men and women with osteoporotic fractures of spine and hip: the European quantitation of osteoporosis study. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Mar;64(3):191-9.
Lehmann R, Wapniarz M, Randerath O, Kvasnicka HM, John W, Reincke M, Kutnar S, Klein K, Allolio B. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine in German men and women: a cross-sectional study. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 May;56(5):350-4.
Leong KH, Feng PH. Bone mineral density measurements using the Hologic QD2000 in 175 Singaporean women aged 20-80. Singapore Med J 1997 Jan;38(1):25-6.
Lethbridge-Cejku M, Tobin JD, Scott WW Jr, Reichle R, Roy TA, Plato CC, Hochberg MC. Axial and hip bone mineral density and radiographic changes of osteoarthritis of the knee: data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Rheumatol 1996 Nov;23(11):1943-7.
Lofman O, Larsson L, Ross I, Toss G, Berglund K. Bone mineral density in normal Swedish women. Bone 1997;20(2):167-74.
Looker AC, Orwoll ES, Johnston CC Jr, Lindsay RL, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Calvo MS, Harris TB, Heyse SP. Prevalence of low femoral bone density in older U.S. adults from NHANES III. J Bone Miner Res 1997;12(11):1761-8.
Looker AC, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Calvo MS, Harris TB, Heyse SP, Johnston CC Jr, Lindsay R. Updated data on proximal femur bone mineral levels of US adults. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(5):468-89.
Luisetto G, Bottega F, Nardi A, Ziliotto D. Decrease of bone formation in adult women with fragility fractures. Maturitas 1997 Sep;28(1):59-67.
Lunt M, Felsenberg D, Adams J, Benevolenskaya L, Cannata J, Dequeker J, Dodenhof C, Falch JA, Johnell O, Khaw KT, Masaryk P, Pols H, Poor G, Reid D, Scheidt-Nave C, Weber K, Silman AJ, Reeve J. Population-based geographic variations in DXA bone density in Europe: the EVOS Study. European Vertebral Osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(3):175-89.
Mazess RB, Barden HS, Eberle RW, Denton MD. Age changes of spine density in posterior-anterior and lateral projections in normal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1995;56(3):201-5.
Mizuno K, Suzuki A, Ino Y, Asada Y, Kikkawa F, Tomoda Y. Postmenopausal bone loss in Japanese women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1995 Jul;50(1):33-9.
Nordin BE, Chatterton BE, Schultz CG, Need AG, Horowitz M. Regional bone mineral density interrelationships in normal and osteoporotic postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 1996 Jun;11(6):849-56.
Osteoporosis among estrogen-deficient women--United States, 1988-1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1998 Nov 20;47(45):969-73.
Petley GW, Cotton AM, Murrills AJ, Taylor PA, Cooper C, Cawley MI, Wilkin TJ. Reference ranges of bone mineral density for women in southern England: the impact of local data on the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Br J Radiol 1996 Jul;69(823):655-60. Comment in: Br J Radiol 1997 Jan;70:109-10.
Pouilles JM, Tremollieres F, Ribot C. Effect of menopause on femoral and vertebral bone loss. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Oct;10(10):1531-6.
Pouilles JM, Tremollieres F, Ribot C. Variability of vertebral and femoral postmenopausal bone loss: a longitudinal study. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(4):320-4.
Reeve J, Pearson J, Mitchell A, Green J, Nicholls A, Justice J, Hudson E, Klenerman L. Evolution of spinal bone loss and biochemical markers of bone remodeling after menopause in normal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Aug;57(2):105-10.
Reeve J, Walton J, Russell LJ, Lunt M, Wolman R, Abraham R, Justice J, Nicholls A, Wardley-Smith B, Green JR, Mitchell A. Determinants of the first decade of bone loss after menopause at spine, hip and radius. QJM 1999 May;92(5):261-73.
Schneider DL, Barrett-Connor EL, Morton DJ. Timing of postmenopausal estrogen for optimal bone mineral density; The Rancho Bernardo study. J Am Med Assoc 1997;277(7):543-7.
Shipman AJ, Guy GW, Smith I, Ostlere S, Greer W, Smith R. Vertebral bone mineral density, content and area in 8789 normal women aged 33-73 years who have never had hormone replacement therapy. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(5):420-6.
Smeets-Goevaers CG, Lesusink GL, Papapoulos SE, Maartens LW, Keyzer JJ, Weerdenburg JP, Beijers LM, Zwinderman AH, Knottnerus JA, Pols HA, Pop VJ. The prevalence of low bone mineral density in Dutch perimenopausal women: the Eindhoven perimenopausal osteoporosis study. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(5):404-9.
Szejnfeld VL, Atra E, Baracat EC, Aldrighi JM, Civitelli R. Bone density in white Brazilian women: rapid loss at the time around the menopause. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Mar;56(3):186-91.
Taechakraichana N, Angkawanich P, Panyakhamlerd K, Limpaphayom K. Postmenopausal osteoporosis: what is the real magnitude of the problem in the Thai population? J Med Assoc Thai 1998 Jun;81(6):397-401.
Taechakraichana N, Limpaphayom K, Jaisamrarn U, Poshyachinda M. Bone loss in oophorectomized Thai women. J Med Assoc Thai 1997 Jun;80(6):384-90.
Tsai KS, Tai TY. Epidemiology of osteoporosis in Taiwan. Osteoporos Int 1997;7 Suppl 3:S96-8.
Tsunenari T, Yamada S, Kawakatsu M, Negishi H, Tsutsumi M. Menopause-related changes in bone mineral density in Japanese women: A longitudinal study on lumbar spine and proximal femur. Calcif Tissue Int 1995;56(1):5-10.
Wasnich RD. Epidemiology of osteoporosis in the United States of America. Osteoporos Int 1997;7 Suppl 3:S68-72.
Yang RS, Chieng PU, Tsai KS, Liu TK. Symmetry of bone mineral density in the hips is not affected by age. Nucl Med Commun 1996 Aug;17(8):711-6.
Yang RS, Liu TK, Dorey FJ, Chieng PU. Bone mineral density in Chinese elderly women with hip fracture. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;58(6):385-9.
Yang RS, Tsai KS, Liu TK, Chieng PU, Dorey FJ. Risk of underestimation of the bone mineral density of proximal femur. Bone 1997;20(3):295-300.
Young R, May H, Murphy S, Grey C, Compston JE. Rates of bone loss in peri- and postmenopausal women: a 4 year, prospective, population-based study. Clin Sci (Colch) 1996 Sep;91(3):307-12.
Zimmerman SI, Girman CJ, Buie VC, Chandler J, Hawkes W, Martin A, Holder L, Hebel JR, Sloane PD, Magaziner J. The prevalence of osteoporosis in nursing home residents. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(2):151-7.
II. B. Falls
Allander E, Gullberg B, Johnell O, Kanis JA, Ranstam J, Elffors L. Circumstances around the fall in a multinational hip fracture risk study: a diverse pattern for prevention. MEDOS Study Group). Mediterranean Osteoporosis Study. Accid Anal Prev 1998 Sep;30(5):607-16.
Aoyagi K, Ross PD, Davis JW, Wasnich RD, Hayashi T, Takemoto T. Falls among community-dwelling elderly in Japan. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Sep;13(9):1468-74.
Dargent-Molina P, Favier F, Grandjean H, Baudoin C, Schott AM, Hausherr E, Meunier PJ, Breart G. Fall-related factors and risk of hip fracture: the EPIDOS prospective study. Lancet 1996 Jul 20;348(9021):145-9. Published erratum appears in Lancet 1996 Aug 10;348(9024):416.
Davis JW, Nevitt MC, Wasnich RD, Ross PD. A cross-cultural comparison of neuromuscular performance, functional status, and falls between Japanese and white women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1999 Jun;54(6):M288-92.
Davis JW, Ross PD, Nevitt MC, Wasnich RD. Incidence rates of falls among Japanese men and women living in Hawaii. J Clin Epidemiol 1997 May;50(5):589-94.
Davis JW, Ross PD, Nevitt MC, Wasnich RD. Risk factors for falls and for serious injuries on falling among older Japanese women in Hawaii. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999 Jul;47(7):792-8.
Delmas PD, Bjarnason NH, Mitlak BH, Ravoux AC, Shah AS, Huster WJ, Draper M, Christiansen C. Effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, serum cholesterol concentrations, and uterine endometrium in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1997 Dec 4;337(23):1641-7. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1997 Dec 4;337(23):1686-7 and N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 30;338(18):1313; discussion 1313-4.
Durward G, Non PC, Ogunremi L, Wills R, Cottee M, Patel S. Detection of risk of falling and hip fracture in women referred for bone densitometry. Lancet 1999 Jul 17;354(9174):220-1.
Goh JC, Bose K, Das De S. Pattern of fall and bone mineral density measurement in hip fractures. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1996 Nov;25(6):820-3.
Greenspan SL, Myers ER, Kiel DP, Parker RA, Hayes WC, Resnick NM. Fall direction, bone mineral density, and function: Risk factors for hip fracture in frail nursing home elderly. Am J Med 1998;104(6):539-45.
Grisso JA. Prevention of falls in patients with osteoporosis. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 1997 Jun 30;64(6 Suppl):75S-77S.
Hayes WC, Myers ER. Biomechanical considerations of hip and spine fractures in osteoporotic bone. Instr Course Lect 1997;46:431-8.
King MB, Tinetti ME. A multifactorial approach to reducing injurious falls. Clin Geriatr Med 1996;12(4):745-59.
Lotz JC, Cheal EJ, Hayes WC. Stress distributions within the proximal femur during gait and falls: implications for osteoporotic fracture. Osteoporos Int 1995;5(4):252-61.
Schwendner KI, Mikesky AE, Holt WS Jr, Peacock M, Burr DB. Differences in muscle endurance and recovery between fallers and nonfallers, and between young and older women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1997 May;52(3):M155-60.
II. C. Fractures
al-Nuaim AR, Kremli M, al-Nuaim M, Sandkgi S. Incidence of proximal femur fracture in an urbanized community in Saudi Arabia. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Jun;56(6):536-8.
Baron JA, Barrett JA, Karagas MR. The epidemiology of peripheral fractures. Bone 1996 Mar;18(3 Suppl):209S-213S.
Baron JA, Karagas M, Barrett J, Kniffin W, Malenka D, Mayor M, Keller RB. Basic epidemiology of fractures of the upper and lower limb among americans over 65 years of age. Epidemiology 1996;7(6):612-8.
Barrett-Connor E, Gore R, Browner WS, Cummings SR. Prevention of osteoporotic hip fracture: global versus high-risk strategies. Osteoporos Int 1998;8 Suppl 1:S2-7.
Barrett JA, Baron JA, Karagas MR, Beach ML. Fracture risk in the U.S. Medicare population. J Clin Epidemiol 1999;52(3):243-9.
Cauley JA, Seeley DG, Ensrud K, Ettinger B, Black D, Cummings SR. Estrogen replacement therapy and fractures in older women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Ann Intern Med 1995 Jan 1;122(1):9-16.
Center JR, Nguyen TV, Schneider D, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA. Mortality after all major types of osteoporotic fracture in men and women: an observational study. Lancet 1999 Mar 13;353(9156):878-82. Comment in: Lancet 1999 May 15;353(9165):1707.
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II. D. Genetics
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Kobayashi T, Sugimoto T, Kobayashi A, Chihara K. Vitamin D receptor genotype is associated with cortical bone loss in Japanese patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Endocr J 1998 Feb;45(1):123-5.
Koller DL, Rodriguez LA, Christian JC, Slemenda CW, Econs MJ, Hui SL, Morin P, Conneally PM, Joslyn G, Curran ME, Peacock M, Johnston CC, Foroud T. Linkage of a QTL contributing to normal variation in bone mineral density to chromosome 11q12-13. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Dec;13(12):1903-8.
Krall EA, Dawson-Hughes B. Soft tissue body composition: familial resemblance and independent influences on bone mineral density. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Dec;10(12):1944-50.
Krall EA, Parry P, Lichter JB, Dawson-Hughes B. Vitamin D receptor alleles and rates of bone loss: influences of years since menopause and calcium intake. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Jun;10(6):978-84.
Kung AW, Yeung SS, Lau KS. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and peak bone mass in southern Chinese women. Bone 1998 Apr;22(4):389-93.
Kurabayashi T, Tomita M, Matsushita H, Yahata T, Honda A, Takakuwa K, Tanaka K. Association of vitamin D and estrogen receptor gene polymorphism with the effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in Japanese women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999 May;180(5):1115-20.
Langdahl BL, Knudsen JY, Jensen HK, Gregersen N, Eriksen EF. A sequence variation: 713-8delC in the transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene has higher prevalence in osteoporotic women than in normal women and is associated with very low bone mass in osteoporotic women and increased bone turnover in both osteoporotic and normal women. Bone 1997 Mar;20(3):289-94.
Langdahl BL, Ralston SH, Grant SF, Eriksen EF. An Sp1 binding site polymorphism in the COLIA1 gene predicts osteoporotic fractures in both men and women. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Sep;13(9):1384-9.
Liden M, Wilen B, Ljunghall S, Melhus H. Polymorphism at the Sp 1 binding site in the collagen type I alpha 1 gene does not predict bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in sweden. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Oct;63(4):293-5.
Lim SK, Park YS, Park JM, Song YD, Lee EJ, Kim KR, Lee HC, Huh KB. Lack of association between vitamin D receptor genotypes and osteoporosis in Koreans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 Dec;80(12):3677-81. Comment in: J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 Nov;81(11):4179-81.
Looney JE, Yoon HK, Fischer M, Farley SM, Farley JR, Wergedal JE, Baylink DJ. Lack of a high prevalence of the BB vitamin D receptor genotype in severely osteoporotic women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 Jul;80(7):2158-62.
Lucotte G, Mercier G, Burckel A. The vitamin D receptor FokI start codon polymorphism and bone mineral density in osteoporotic postmenopausal French women. Clin Genet 1999 Sep;56(3):221-4.
Mangino M, Torrente I, De Luca A, Sanchez O, Dallapiccola B, Novelli G. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP 4) gene. J Hum Genet 1999;44(1):76-7.
Marc J, Prezelj J, Komel R, Kocijancic A. VDR genotype and response to etidronate therapy in late postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1999;10(4):303-6.
Masi L, Becherini L, Colli E, Gennari L, Mansani R, Falchetti A, Becorpi AM, Cepollaro C, Gonnelli S, Tanini A, Brandi ML. Polymorphisms of the calcitonin receptor gene are associated with bone mineral density in postmenopausal Italian women. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998 Jul 9;248(1):190-5.
Masi L, Becherini L, Gennari L, Colli E, Mansani R, Falchetti A, Cepollaro C, Gonnelli S, Tanini A, Brandi ML. Allelic variants of human calcitonin receptor: Distribution and association with bone mass in postmenopausal Italian women. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998 Apr 17;245(2):622-6.
Miyao M, Hosoi T, Inoue S, Hoshino S, Shiraki M, Orimo H, Ouchi Y. Polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor I gene and bone mineral density. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Oct;63(4):306-11.
Nakajima T, Ota N, Shirai Y, Hata A, Yoshida H, Suzuki T, Hosoi T, Orimo H, Emi M. Ethnic difference in contribution of Sp1 site variation of COLIA1 gene in genetic predisposition to osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1999;65(5):352-3.
Nakamura T. The importance of genetic and nutritional factors in responses to vitamin D and its analogs in osteoporotic patients. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Jan;60(1):119-23.
Nguyen TV, Howard GM, Kelly PJ, Eisman JA. Bone mass, lean mass, and fat mass: same genes or same environments? Am J Epidemiol 1998 Jan 1;147(1):3-16. Comment in: Am J Epidemiol 1998 Jan 1;147(1):1-2.
Niu T, Chen C, Cordell H, Yang J, Wang B, Wang Z, Fang Z, Schork NJ, Rosen CJ, Xu X. A genome-wide scan for loci linked to forearm bone mineral density. Hum Genet 1999 Mar;104(3):226-33.
Ogawa S, Urano T, Hosoi T, Miyao M, Hoshino S, Fujita M, Shiraki M, Orimo H, Ouchi Y, Inoue S. Association of bone mineral density with a polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene: PPARgamma expression in osteoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999;260(1):122-6.
Papiha SS, Allcroft LC, Kanan RM, Francis RM, Datta HK. Vitamin D binding protein gene in male osteoporosis: Association of plasma DBP and bone mineral density with (TAAA)(n)-Alu polymorphism in DBP. Calcif Tissue Int 1999;65(4):262-6.
Ralston SH. Do genetic markers aid in risk assessment? Osteoporos Int 1998;8 Suppl 1:S37-42.
Ramalho AC, Lazaretti-Castro M, Hauache O, Kasamatsu T, Brandao C, Reis AF, Takata E, Cafalli F, Tavares F, Gimeno SG, Vieira JG. Fractures of the proximal femur: correlation with vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism. Braz J Med Biol Res 1998 Jul;31(7):921-7.
Raymond MH, Schutte BC, Torner JC, Burns TL, Willing MC. Osteocalcin: genetic and physical mapping of the human gene BGLAP and its potential role in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Genomics 1999 Sep 1;60(2):210-7.
Riggs BL, Nguyen TV, Melton LJ 3rd, Morrison NA, O'Fallon WM, Kelly PJ, Egan KS, Sambrook PN, Muhs JM, Eisman JA. The contribution of vitamin D receptor gene alleles to the determination of bone mineral density in normal and osteoporotic women. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Jun;10(6):991-6.
Rosen CJ, Kurland ES, Vereault D, Adler RA, Rackoff PJ, Craig WY, Witte S, Rogers J, Bilezikian JP. Association between serum insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I) and a simple sequence repeat in IGF-I gene: implications for genetic studies of bone mineral density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Jul;83(7):2286-90.
Rubin LA, Hawker GA, Peltekova VD, Fielding LJ, Ridout R, Cole DE. Determinants of peak bone mass: clinical and genetic analyses in a young female Canadian cohort. J Bone Miner Res 1999 Apr;14(4):633-43.
Sainz J, Van Tornout JM, Sayre J, Kaufman F, Gilsanz V. Association of collagen type 1 alpha gene polymorphism with bone density in early childhood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84(3):853-5.
Salamone LM, Ferrell R, Black DM, Palermo L, Epstein RS, Petro N, Steadman N, Kuller LH, Cauley JA. The association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density at the spine, hip and whole-body in premenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(1):63-8. Published erratum appears in Osteoporos Int 1996;6(3):187-8.
Salamone LM, Glynn NW, Black DM, Ferrell RE, Palermo L, Epstein RS, Kuller LH, Cauley JA. Determinants of premenopausal bone mineral density: the interplay of genetic and lifestyle factors. J Bone Miner Res 1996 Oct;11(10):1557-65.
Sano M, Inoue S, Hosoi T, Ouchi Y, Emi M, Shiraki M, Orimo H. Association of estrogen receptor dinucleotide repeat polymorphism with osteoporosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995 Dec 5;217(1):378-83.
Seeman E, Hopper JL. Genetic and environmental components of the population variance in bone density. Osteoporos Int 1997;7 Suppl 3:S10-6.
Seeman E, Hopper JL, Young NR, Formica C, Goss P, Tsalamandris C. Do genetic factors explain associations between muscle strength, lean mass, and bone density? A twin study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 1996 Feb;270(2 Pt 1):E320-7.
Sigurdsson G, Magnusdottir DN, Kristinsson JO, Kristjansson K, Olafsson I. Association of BsmI vitamin-D receptor gene polymorphism with combined bone mass in spine and proximal femur in Icelandic women. J Intern Med 1997 Jun;241(6):501-5.
Slemenda CW, Turner CH, Peacock M, Christian JC, Sorbel J, Hui SL, Johnston CC. The genetics of proximal femur geometry, distribution of bone mass and bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(2):178-82.
Spector TD, Keen RW, Arden NK, Morrison NA, Major PJ, Nguyen TV, Kelly PJ, Baker JR, Sambrook PN, Lanchbury JS, Eisman JA. Influence of vitamin D receptor genotype on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: A twin study in Britain. BMJ 1995;310(6991):1357-60.
Taboulet J, Frenkian M, Frendo JL, Feingold N, Jullienne A, de Vernejoul MC. Calcitonin receptor polymorphism is associated with a decreased fracture risk in post-menopausal women. Hum Mol Genet 1998 Dec;7(13):2129-33.
Tamai M, Yokouchi M, Komiya S, Mochizuki K, Hidaka S, Narita S, Inoue A, Itoh K. Correlation between vitamin D receptor genotypes and bone mineral density in Japanese patients with osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Mar;60(3):229-32.
Thiry-Blaise LM, Taquet AN, Reginster JY, Nusgens B, Franchimont P, Lapiere CM. Investigation of the relationship between osteoporosis and the collagenase gene by means of polymorphism of the 5'upstream region of this gene. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Jan;56(1):88-91.
Tokita A, Matsumoto H, Morrison NA, Tawa T, Miura Y, Fukamauchi K, Mitsuhashi N, Irimoto M, Yamamori S, Miura M, Watanabe T, Kuwabara Y, Yabuta K, Eisman JA. Vitamin D receptor alleles, bone mineral density and turnover in premenopausal Japanese women. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11(7):1003-9.
Tsai KS, Hsu SH, Cheng WC, Chen CK, Chieng PU, Pan WH. Bone mineral density and bone markers in relation to vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in Chinese men and women. Bone 1996 Nov;19(5):513-8.
Tsukamoto K, Yoshida H, Watanabe S, Suzuki T, Miyao M, Hosoi T, Orimo H, Emi M. Association of radial bone mineral density with CA repeat polymorphism at the interleukin 6 locus in postmenopausal Japanese women. J Hum Genet 1999;44(3):148-51.
Uitterlinden AG, Burger H, Huang Q, Yue F, McGuigan FE, Grant SF, Hofman A, van Leeuwen JP, Pols HA, Ralston SH. Relation of alleles of the collagen type Ialpha1 gene to bone density and the risk of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 9;338(15):1016-21. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 9;338(15):1061-2.
Vandevyver C, Vanhoof J, Declerck K, Stinissen P, Vandervorst C, Michiels L, Cassiman JJ, Boonen S, Raus J, Geusens P. Lack of association between estrogen receptor genotypes and bone mineral density, fracture history, or muscle strength in elderly women. J Bone Miner Res 1999 Sep;14(9):1576-82.
Vandevyver C, Wylin T, Cassiman JJ, Raus J, Geusens P. Influence of the vitamin D receptor gene alleles on bone mineral density in postmenopausal and osteoporotic women. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Feb;12(2):241-7.
Willing M, Sowers M, Aron D, Clark MK, Burns T, Bunten C, Crutchfield M, D'Agostino D, Jannausch M. Bone mineral density and its change in white women: estrogen and vitamin D receptor genotypes and their interaction. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Apr;13(4):695-705.
Yamada Y, Hosoi T, Makimoto F, Tanaka H, Seino Y, Ikeda K. Transforming growth factor beta-1 gene polymorphism and bone mineral density in Japanese adolescents. Am J Med 1999;106(4):477-9.
Yamada Y, Miyauchi A, Goto J, Takagi Y, Okuizumi H, Kanematsu M, Hase M, Takai H, Harada A, Ikeda K. Association of a polymorphism of the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene with genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis in postmenopausal Japanese women. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Oct;13(10):1569-76.
Yeap SS, Beaumont M, Bennett A, Keating NA, White DA, Hosking DJ. Genetic and environmental factors affecting bone mineral density in large families. Postgrad Med J 1998 Jun;74(872):349-54.
Zhao J, Zhou X, Meng X, Liu G, Xing X, Liu H, Xu L. Polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene and its association with bone mineral density and osteocalcin in Chinese. Chin Med J (Engl) 1997;110(5):366-71.
Zmuda JM, Cauley JA, Danielson ME, Theobald TM, Ferrell RE. Vitamin D receptor translation initiation codon polymorphism and markers of osteoporotic risk in older African-American women. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(3):214-9.
Zmuda JM, Cauley JA, Danielson ME, Wolf RL, Ferrell RE. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, bone turnover, and rates of bone loss in older African-American women. J Bone Miner Res 1997;12(9):1446-52.
Zmuda JM, Cauley JA, Ferrell RE. Recent progress in understanding the genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis. Genet Epidemiol 1999;16(4):356-67.
Zmuda JM, Eichner JE, Ferrell RE, Bauer DC, Kuller LH, Cauley JA. Genetic variation in alpha 2HS-glycoprotein is related to calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation in older women. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Jul;63(1):5-8.
II. E. Racial / Ethnic / Gender Differences
Aloia JF, Mikhail M, Pagan CD, Arunachalam A, Yeh JK, Flaster E. Biochemical and hormonal variables in black and white women matched for age and weight. J Lab Clin Med 1998 Nov;132(5):383-9. Comment in: J Lab Clin Med 1998 Nov;132(5):358-9.
Aloia JF, Vaswani A, Delerme-Pagan C, Flaster E. Discordance between ultrasound of the calcaneus and bone mineral density in black and white women. Calcif Tissue Int 1998;62(6):481-5.
Aloia JF, Vaswani A, Mikhail M, Badshah M, Flaster E. Cancellous bone of the spine is greater in black women. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Jul;65(1):29-33.
Aloia JF, Vaswani A, Yeh JK, Flaster E. Risk for osteoporosis in black women. Calcif Tissue Int 1996 Dec;59(6):415-23.
Aspray TJ, Prentice A, Cole TJ, Sawo Y, Reeve J, Francis RM. Low bone mineral content is common but osteoporotic fractures are rare in elderly rural Gambian women. J Bone Miner Res 1996 Jul;11(7):1019-25.
Bell NH. Bone and mineral metabolism in African Americans. Trends Endocrinol Metab 1997;8(6):240-5.
Bell NH, Gordon L, Stevens J, Shary JR. Demonstration that bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, trochanter, and femoral neck is higher in black than in white young men. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Jan;56(1):11-3.
Bohannon AD. Osteoporosis and African American women. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 1999;8(5):609-15.
Bohannon AD, Hanlon JT, Landerman R, Gold DT. Association of race and other potential risk factors with nonvertebral fractures in community-dwelling elderly women. Am J Epidemiol 1999 Jun 1;149(11):1002-9.
Cauley JA, Danielson ME, Gregg EW, Vogt MT, Zmuda J, Bauer DC. Calcaneal ultrasound attenuation in older African-American and Caucasian-American women. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(2):100-4.
Cosman F, Morgan DC, Nieves JW, Shen V, Luckey MM, Dempster DW, Lindsay R, Parisien M. Resistance to bone resorbing effects of PTH in black women. J Bone Miner Res 1997;12(6):958-66.
Daniels ED, Pettifor JM, Schnitzler CM, Russell SW, Patel DN. Ethnic differences in bone density in female South African nurses. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Mar;10(3):359-67.
Davis JW, Novotny R, Wasnich RD, Ross PD. Ethnic, anthropometric, and lifestyle associations with regional variations in peak bone mass. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Aug;65(2):100-5.
Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Finneran S, Rasmussen HM. Calcium absorption responses to calcitriol in black and white premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 Oct;80(10):3068-72.
Dennison E, Yoshimura N, Hashimoto T, Cooper C. Bone loss in Great Britain and Japan: a comparative longitudinal study. Bone 1998 Oct;23(4):379-82.
Dibba B, Prentice A, Laskey MA, Stirling DM, Cole TJ. An investigation of ethnic differences in bone mineral, hip axis length, calcium metabolism and bone turnover between West African and Caucasian adults living in the United Kingdom. Ann Hum Biol 1999 May-Jun;26(3):229-42.
Ettinger B, Sidney S, Cummings SR, Libanati C, Bikle DD, Tekawa IS, Tolan K, Steiger P. Racial differences in bone density between young adult black and white subjects persist after adjustment for anthropometric, lifestyle, and biochemical differences. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997 Feb;82(2):429-34.
From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Osteoporosis among estrogen-deficient women--United States, 1988-1994. JAMA 1999 Jan 20;281(3):224-6.
Gilsanz V, Skaggs DL, Kovanlikaya A, Sayre J, Loro ML, Kaufman F, Korenman SG. Differential effect of race on the axial and appendicular skeletons of children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83(5):1420-7.
Han ZH, Palnitkar S, Rao DS, Nelson D, Parfitt AM. Effects of ethnicity and age or menopause on the remodeling and turnover of iliac bone: implications for mechanisms of bone loss. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Apr;12(4):498-508. Published erratum appears in J Bone Miner Res 1999 Apr;14(4):660.
Harris SS, Eccleshall TR, Gross C, Dawson-Hughes B, Feldman D. The vitamin D receptor start codon polymorphism (FokI) and bone mineral density in premenopausal American black and white women. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Jul;12(7):1043-8.
Harris SS, Wood MJ, Dawson-Hughes B. Bone mineral density of the total body and forearm in premenopausal black and white women. Bone 1995 Apr;16(4 Suppl):311S-315S.
Ho SC. Body measurements, bone mass, and fractures. Does the East differ from the West? Clin Orthop 1996 Feb;(323):75-80.
Ho SC, Lau EM, Woo J, Sham A, Chan KM, Lee S, Leung PC. The prevalence of osteoporosis in the Hong Kong Chinese female population. Maturitas 1999 Aug 16;32(3):171-8.
Ito M, Lang TF, Jergas M, Ohki M, Takada M, Nakamura T, Hayashi K, Genant HK. Spinal trabecular bone loss and fracture in American and Japanese women. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Aug;61(2):123-8.
Kao PC, P'eng FK. How to reduce the risk factors of osteoporosis in Asia. Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taipei) 1995 Mar;55(3):209-13.
Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL. Osteoporosis: gender differences and similarities. Lupus 1999;8(5):393-6.
Larcos G, Baillon LG. An evaluation of bone mineral density in Australian women of Asian descent. Australas Radiol 1998;42(4):341-3.
Lau EM. The epidemiology, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in Hong Kong Chinese. Hong Kong Med J 1995;1(1):31-7.
Luckey MM, Wallenstein S, Lapinski R, Meier DE. A prospective study of bone loss in African-American and white women--a clinical research center study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 Aug;81(8):2948-56.
Maggio D, Pacifici R, Cherubini A, Aisa MC, Santucci C, Cucinotta D, Senin U. Appendicular cortical bone loss after age 65: sex-dependent event? Calcif Tissue Int 1995 May;56(5):410-4.
Mikhail MB, Vaswani AN, Aloia JF. Racial differences in femoral dimensions and their relation to hip fracture. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(1):22-4.
Nelson DA, Jacobsen G, Barondess DA, Parfitt AM. Ethnic differences in regional bone density, hip axis length, and lifestyle variables among healthy black and white men. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10(5):782-7.
Nicholson WK, Brown AF, Gathe J, Grumbach K, Washington AE, Perez-Stable EJ. Hormone replacement therapy for African American women: missed opportunities for effective intervention. Menopause 1999 Summer;6(2):147-55.
Perry HM 3rd, Bernard M, Horowitz M, Miller DK, Fleming S, Baker MZ, Flaherty J, Purushothaman R, Hajjar R, Kaiser FE, Patrick P, Morley JE. The effect of aging on bone mineral metabolism and bone mass in Native American women. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998 Nov;46(11):1418-22.
Pratt JH, Manatunga AK, Peacock M. A comparison of the urinary excretion of bone resorptive products in white and black children. J Lab Clin Med 1996 Jan;127(1):67-70.
Ross PD, He Y, Yates AJ, Coupland C, Ravn P, McClung M, Thompson D, Wasnich RD. Body size accounts for most differences in bone density between Asian and Caucasian women. The EPIC (Early Postmenopausal Interventional Cohort) Study Group. Calcif Tissue Int 1996 Nov;59(5):339-43.
Tsai KS, Cheng WC, Sanchez TV, Chen CK, Chieng PU, Yang RS. Bone densitometry of proximal femur in Chinese subjects: gender differences in bone mass and bone areas. Bone 1997 Apr;20(4):365-9.
Tsai KS, Pan WH, Hsu SH, Cheng WC, Chen CK, Chieng PU, Yang RS, Twu ST. Sexual differences in bone markers and bone mineral density of normal Chinese. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;59(6):454-60.
Villa ML, Marcus R, Delay RR, Kelsey JL. Factors contributing to skeletal health of postmenopausal Mexican-American women. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10(8):1233-42.
Xu L, Lu A, Zhao X, Chen X, Cummings SR. Very low rates of hip fracture in Beijing, People's Republic of China the Beijing Osteoporosis Project. Am J Epidemiol 1996 Nov 1;144(9):901-7.
Xu SZ, Huang WM, Ren JY. The new model of age-dependent changes in bone mineral density. Growth Dev Aging 1997 Spring;61(1):19-26.
Yoshimura N, Hashimoto T, Morioka S, Sakata K, Kasamatsu T, Cooper C. Determinants of bone loss in a rural Japanese community: the Taiji Study. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(6):604-10.
II. F. Risk Factors
Adachi JD, Arlen D, Webber CE, Chettle DR, Beaumont LF, Gordon CL. Is there any association between the presence of bone disease and cumulative exposure to lead? Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Nov;63(5):429-32.
Albala C, Yanez M, Devoto E, Sostin C, Zeballos L, Santos JL. Obesity as a protective factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996 Nov;20(11):1027-32.
Alekel DL, Mortillaro E, Hussain EA, West B, Ahmed N, Peterson CT, Werner RK, Arjmandi BH, Kukreja SC. Lifestyle and biologic contributors to proximal femur bone mineral density and hip axis length in two distinct ethnic groups of premenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(4):327-38.
Allolio B. Risk factors for hip fracture not related to bone mass and their therapeutic implications. Osteoporos Int 1999;9 Suppl 2:S9-16.
Aloia JF, Flaster ER. Estimating the risk of fracture in osteopenic patients. Endocrinologist 1995;5(6):397-402.
Arden NK, Griffiths GO, Hart DJ, Doyle DV, Spector TD. The association between osteoarthritis and osteoporotic fracture: the Chingford Study. Br J Rheumatol 1996 Dec;35(12):1299-304.
Arden NK, Nevitt MC, Lane NE, Gore LR, Hochberg MC, Scott JC, Pressman AR, Cummings SR. Osteoarthritis and risk of falls, rates of bone loss, and osteoporotic fractures. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Arthritis Rheum 1999 Jul;42(7):1378-85.
Arnold CM, Bailey DA, Faulkner RA, McKay HA, McCulloch RG. The effect of water fluoridation on the bone mineral density of young women. Can J Public Health 1997;88(6):388-91.
Barengolts EI, Berman M, Kukreja SC, Kouznetsova T, Lin C, Chomka EV. Osteoporosis and coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Mar;62(3):209-13.
Bauer DC, Orwoll ES, Fox KM, Vogt TM, Lane NE, Hochberg MC, Stone K, Nevitt MC. Aspirin and NSAID use in older women: effect on bone mineral density and fracture risk. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Bone Miner Res 1996 Jan;11(1):29-35.
Bauman WA, Spungen AM, Wang J, Pierson RN Jr, Schwartz E. Continuous loss of bone during chronic immobilization: A monozygotic twin study. Osteoporos Int 1999;10(2):123-7.
Beardsworth SA, Kearney CE, Steel SA, Newman J, Purdie DW. Premature greying of the hair is not associated with low bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int 1999;10(4):290-4.
Becker AR, Handick KE, Roberts WE, Garetto LP. Osteoporosis risk factors in female dental patients. A preliminary report. J Indiana Dent Assoc 1997 Summer;76(2):15-9; quiz 20.
Bennell KL, Malcolm SA, Wark JD, Brukner PD. Skeletal effects of menstrual disturbances in athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1997 Oct;7(5):261-73.
Bererhi H, Kolhoff N, Constable A, Nielsen SP. Multiparity and bone mass. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996;103(8):818-21.
Bettica P, Bevilacqua M, Vago T, Norbiato G. High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among free-living postmenopausal women referred to an osteoporosis outpatient clinic in Northern Italy for initial screening. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(3):226-9.
Bidoli E, Schinella D, Franceschi S. Physical activity and bone mineral density in Italian middle-aged women. Eur J Epidemiol 1998 Feb;14(2):153-7.
Blaauw R, Albertse EC, Hough S. Body fat distribution as a risk factor for osteoporosis. S Afr Med J 1996 Sep;86(9):1081-4.
Black DM. Screening and treatment in the elderly to reduce osteoporotic fracture risk. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996 May;103 Suppl 13:2-7; discussion 7-8.
Black DM, Arden NK, Palermo L, Pearson J, Cummings SR. Prevalent vertebral deformities predict hip fractures and new vertebral deformities but not wrist fractures. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Bone Miner Res 1999 May;14(5):821-8.
Boonen S, Aerssens J, Breemans S, Dequeker J. Fractures of the proximal femur: Implications of age-related decline in muscle function. J Orthop Rheumatol 1995;8(3):127-33.
Boonen S, Lesaffre E, Dequeker J, Aerssens J, Nijs J, Pelemans W, Bouillon R. Relationship between baseline insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and femoral bone density in women aged over 70 years: potential implications for the prevention of age-related bone loss. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996 Nov;44(11):1301-6.
Boonen S, Nicholson PH, Lowet G, Cheng XG, Verbeke G, Lesaffre E, Aerssens J, Dequeker J. Determinants of age-associated changes in os calcis ultrasonic indices in elderly women: potential involvement of geriatric hyposomatotropism in bone fragility. Age Ageing 1997 Mar;26(2):139-46.
Brot C, Jensen LB, Sorensen OH. Bone mass and risk factors for bone loss in perimenopausal Danish women. J Intern Med 1997 Dec;242(6):505-11.
Browner WS, Pressman AR, Nevitt MC, Cummings SR. Mortality following fractures in older women. The study of osteoporotic fractures. Arch Intern Med 1996 Jul 22;156(14):1521-5.
Burger H, de Laet CE, van Daele PL, Weel AE, Witteman JC, Hofman A, Pols HA. Risk factors for increased bone loss in an elderly population: the Rotterdam Study. Am J Epidemiol 1998 May 1;147(9):871-9.
Burger H, De Laet CED, Weel AEA, Hofman A, Pols HAP. Added value of bone mineral density in hip fracture risk scores. Bone 1999;25(3):369-74.
Burger H, Van Daele PLA, Odding E, Valkenburg HA, Hofman A, Grobbee DE, Schutte HE, Birkenhager JC, Pols HAP. Association of radiographically evident osteoarthritis with higher bone mineral density and increased bone loss with age: The Rotterdam study. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39(1):81-6.
Burman KD, Mazzaferri EL. Thyroid disease and osteoporosis. Hosp Pract 1997;32(12):71-3, 78-86.
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Seeley DG, Kelsey J, Jergas M, Nevitt MC. Predictors of ankle and foot fractures in older women. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Bone Miner Res 1996 Sep;11(9):1347-55.
Shiraki M, Shiraki Y, Aoki C, Hosoi T, Inoue S, Kaneki M, Ouchi Y. Association of bone mineral density with apolipoprotein E phenotype. J Bone Miner Res 1997;12(9):1438-45.
Silman AJ. The patient with fracture: The risk of subsequent fractures. Am J Med 1995;98(2A):12S-16S.
Silman AJ, O'Neill TW, Cooper C, Kanis J, Felsenberg D. Influence of physical activity on vertebral deformity in men and women: Results from the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study. J Bone Miner Res 1997;12(5):813-9.
Sinaki M, Fitzpatrick LA, Ritchie CK, Montesano A, Wahner HW. Site-specificity of bone mineral density and muscle strength in women: job-related physical activity. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1998 Nov-Dec;77(6):470-6.
Sinaki M, Itoi E, Rogers JW, Bergstralh EJ, Wahner HW. Correlation of back extensor strength with thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in estrogen-deficient women. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1996;75(5):370-4.
Singer BR, McLauchlan GJ, Robinson CM, Christie J. Epidemiology of fractures in 15,000 adults: the influence of age and gender. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1998 Mar;80(2):243-8.
Singer K, Edmondston S, Day R, Breidahl P, Price R. Prediction of thoracic and lumbar vertebral body compressive strength: Correlations with bone mineral density and vertebral region. Bone 1995;17(2):167-74.
Sinigaglia L, Varenna M, Binelli L, Gallazzi M, Calori G, Ranza R. Effect of lactation on postmenopausal bone mineral density of the lumbar spine. J Reprod Med Obstet Gynecol 1996;41(6):439-43.
Siris E, Miller P, Barrett-Connor E, Abbott T, Sherwood L, Berger M. Design of NORA, the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Program: a longitudinal US registry of postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1998;8 Suppl 1:S62-9.
Slemenda C. Prevention of hip fractures: Risk factor modification. Am J Med 1997;103(2A):65S-73S.
Slemenda C, Longcope C, Peacock M, Hui S, Johnston CC. Sex steroids, bone mass, and bone loss. A prospective study of pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women. J Clin Invest 1996 Jan 1;97(1):14-21.
Sone T, Miyake M, Takeda N, Tomomitsu T, Otsuka N, Fukunaga M. Influence of exercise and degenerative vertebral changes on BMD: a cross-sectional study in Japanese men. Gerontology 1996;42 Suppl 1:57-66.
Stewart A, Black A, Robins SP, Reid DM. Bone density and bone turnover in patients with osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. J Rheumatol 1999 Mar;26(3):622-6.
Stone K, Bauer DC, Black DM, Sklarin P, Ensrud KE, Cummings SR. Hormonal predictors of bone loss in elderly women: a prospective study. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Jul;13(7):1167-74.
Sugimoto T, Nishiyama K, Kuribayashi F, Chihara K. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-2, and IGFBP-3 in osteoporotic patients with and without spinal fractures. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Aug;12(8):1272-9.
Suleiman S, Nelson M. Validation in London of a physical activity questionnaire for use in a study of postmenopausal osteopaenia. J Epidemiol Community Health 1997 Aug;51(4):365-72.
Suzuki N, Yano T, Nakazawa N, Yoshikawa H, Taketani Y. A possible role of estrone produced in adipose tissues in modulating postmenopausal bone density. Maturitas 1995 Jun;22(1):9-12.
Suzuki T, Yoshida H, Hashimoto T, Yoshimura N, Fujiwara S, Fukunaga M, Nakamura T, Yoh K, Inoue T, Hosoi T, Orimo H. Case-control study of risk factors for hip fractures in the Japanese elderly by a Mediterranean Osteoporosis Study (MEDOS) questionnaire. Bone 1997;21(5):461-7.
Symanski E, Hertz-Picciotto I. Blood lead levels in relation to menopause, smoking, and pregnancy history. Am J Epidemiol 1995 Jun 1;141(11):1047-58.
Takada H, Washino K, Iwata H. Risk factors for low bone mineral density among females: the effect of lean body mass. Prev Med 1997 Sep-Oct;26(5 Pt 1):633-8.
Takahashi M, Kushida K, Naitou K. The degree of osteoporosis in patients with vertebral fracture and patients with hip fracture: Relationship to incidence of vertebral fracture. J Bone Miner Metab 1999;17(3):187-94.
Tan J, Cubukcu S, Sepici V. Relationship between bone mineral density of the proximal femur and strength of hip muscles in postmenopausal women. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1998;77(6):477-82.
Tang OS, Tang G, Yip P, Li B, Fan S. Long-term depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate and bone mineral density. Contraception 1999;59(1):25-9.
Tarquini B, Navari N, Perfetto F, Piluso A, Romano S, Tarquini R. Evidence for bone mass and body fat distribution relationship in postmenopausal obese women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1997;24(1):15-21.
Tavassoli K, Cavalla P, Porcelli A, Surico N. Biohumoral parameters and bone mineral content in the identification of high risk subjects for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Panminerva Med 1999 Jun;41(2):109-13.
Teegarden D, Proulx WR, Kern M, Sedlock D, Weaver CM, Johnston CC, Lyle RM. Previous physical activity relates to bone mineral measures in young women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996 Jan;28(1):105-13.
Terauchi M, Shirakura K, Katayama M, Higuchi H, Takagishi K. The influence of osteoporosis on varus osteoarthritis of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1998 May;80(3):432-6.
Thiebaud D, Burckhardt P, Costanza M, Sloutskis D, Gilliard D, Quinodoz F, Jacquet AF, Burnand B. Importance of albumin, 25(OH)-vitamin D and IGFBP-3 as risk factors in elderly women and men with hip fracture. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(5):457-62.
Torgerson DJ, Campbell MK, Thomas RE, Reid DM. Prediction of perimenopausal fractures by bone mineral density and other risk factors. J Bone Miner Res 1996 Feb;11(2):293-7.
Touliatos JS, Sebes JI, Hinton A, McCommon D, Karas JG, Palmieri GM. Hypoparathyroidism counteracts risk factors for osteoporosis. Am J Med Sci 1995;310(2):56-60.
Tsuji S, Tsunoda N, Yata H, Katsukawa F, Onishi S, Yamazaki H. Relation between grip strength and radial bone mineral density in young athletes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1995;76(3):234-8.
Tuppurainen M, Kroger H, Saarikoski S, Honkanen R, Alhava E. The effect of gynecological risk factors on lumbar and femoral bone mineral density in peri- and postmenopausal women. Maturitas 1995 Feb;21(2):137-45.
Turner LW, Fu Q, Taylor JE, Wang MQ. Osteoporotic fracture among older U.S. women: risk factors quantified. J Aging Health 1998 Aug;10(3):372-91.
Turner LW, Kendrick O, Perry BA. Study classifies low body mass index as risk factor for osteoporotic fracture among older U.S. women. J Ark Med Soc 1999 Sep;96(4):138-41.
Turner LW, Taylor JE, Hunt S. Predictors for osteoporosis diagnosis among postmenopausal women: results from a national survey. J Women Aging 1998;10(3):79-96.
Turner LW, Wang MQ, Fu Q. Risk factors for hip fracture among southern older women. South Med J 1998 Jun;91(6):533-40.
Ulrich CM, Georgiou CC, Gillis DE, Snow CM. Lifetime physical activity is associated with bone mineral density in premenopausal women. J Womens Health 1999 Apr;8(3):365-75.
Ulrich U, Murano R, Skinner MA, Yin H, Chesnut CH 3rd. Women of reproductive age with endometriosis are not osteopenic. Fertil Steril 1998 May;69(5):821-5.
Uusi-Rasi K, Sievanen H, Vuori I, Heinonen A, Kannus P, Pasanen M, Rinne M, Oja P. Long-term recreational gymnastics, estrogen use, and selected risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Miner Res 1999 Jul;14(7):1231-8.
Uusi-Rasi K, Sievanen H, Vuori I, Pasanen M, Heinonen A, Oja P. Associations of physical activity and calcium intake with bone mass and size in healthy women at different ages. J Bone Miner Res 1998;13(1):133-42.
Uyama O, Yoshimoto Y, Yamamoto Y, Kawai A. Bone changes and carotid atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. Stroke 1997 Sep;28(9):1730-2.
Van Dooren-Greebe RJ, Lemmens JA, De Boo T, Hangx NM, Kuijpers AL, Van de Kerkhof PC. Prolonged treatment with oral retinoids in adults: no influence on the frequency and severity of spinal abnormalities. Br J Dermatol 1996 Jan;134(1):71-6. Comment in: Br J Dermatol 1996 Dec;135(6):1003.
van Kesteren P, Lips P, Gooren LJ, Asschemn H, Megens J. Long-term follow-up of bone mineral density and bone metabolism in transsexuals treated with cross-sex hormones. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998;48(3):347-54.
Varenna M, Binelli L, Zucchi F, Ghiringhelli D, Gallazzi M, Sinigaglia L. Prevalence of osteoporosis by educational level in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(3):236-41.
Verhaar HJ, Koele JJ, Neijzen T, Dessens JA, Duursma SA. Are arm span measurements useful in the prediction of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women? Osteoporos Int 1998;8(2):174-6.
Versluis RG, Petri H, van de Ven CM, Scholtes AB, Broerse ER, Springer MP, Papapoulos SE. Usefulness of armspan and height comparison in detecting vertebral deformities in women. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(2):129-33.
Vogel JM, Davis JW, Nomura A, Wasnich RD, Ross PD. The effects of smoking on bone mass and the rates of bone loss among elderly Japanese-American men. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Sep;12(9):1495-501.
Vogt MT, Cauley JA, Kuller LH, Nevitt MC. Bone mineral density and blood flow to the lower extremities: the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Feb;12(2):283-9.
Vogt MT, Cauley JA, Scott JC, Kuller LH, Browner WS. Smoking and mortality among older women: The study of osteoporotic fractures. Arch Intern Med 1996;156(6):630-6.
Vogt MT, Rubin D, Valentin RS, Palermo L, Donaldson WF 3rd, Nevitt M, Cauley JA. Lumbar olisthesis and lower back symptoms in elderly white women. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Spine 1998 Dec 1;23(23):2640-7.
Vogt MT, San Valentin R, Forrest KY, Nevitt MC, Cauley JA. Bone mineral density and aortic calcification: the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997 Feb;45(2):140-5.
von der Recke P, Hansen MA, Hassager C. The association between low bone mass at the menopause and cardiovascular mortality. Am J Med 1999 Mar;106(3):273-8. Comment in: Am J Med 1999 Mar;106(3):374-5.
Von Muhlen D, Visby Lunde A, Barrett-Connor E, Bettencourt R. Evaluation of the Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation (SCORE) in older Caucasian women: The Rancho Bernardo Study. Osteoporos Int 1999;10(1):79-84.
Ward JA, Lord SR, Williams P, Anstey K, Zivanovic E. Physiologic, health and lifestyle factors associated with femoral neck bone density in older women. Bone 1995;16(4 Suppl):373S-8.
Wasnich RD. A new, standardized approach to fracture risk interpretation. Hawaii Med J 1996 Aug;55(8):141-3.
Watson JB, Lee K, Klein R, Klein BE, Koch DD. Epidemiological evidence for the disruption of ionized calcium homeostasis in the elderly. J Clin Epidemiol 1997;50(7):845-9.
Watson NR, Studd JW, Garnett T, Savvas M, Milligan P. Bone loss after hysterectomy with ovarian conservation. Obstet Gynecol 1995;86(1):72-7.
Weiland SK, Ruckmann A, Keil U, Lewis M, Dennler HJ, Welzel D. Thiazide diuretics and the risk of hip fracture among 70-79 year old women treated for hypertension. Eur J Public Health 1997;7(3):335-40.
Weinstein L, Ullery B, Bourguignon C. A simple system to determine who needs osteoporosis screening. Obstet Gynecol 1999;93(5):757-60.
Wejda B, Hintze G, Katschinski B, Olbricht T, Benker G. Hip fractures and the thyroid: A case-control study. J Intern Med 1995;237(3):241-7.
Weyermann M, Brenner H. Factors affecting bone demineralization and blood lead levels of postmenopausal women: A population-based study from Germany. Environ Res 1998 Jan;76(1):19-25.
Whitmore SE, Levine MA. Risk factors for reduced skin thickness and bone density: Possible clues regarding pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38(2 I):248-55.
Whooley MA, Kip KE, Cauley JA, Ensrud KE, Nevitt MC, Browner WS. Depression, falls, and risk of fracture in older women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Arch Intern Med 1999 Mar 8;159(5):484-90.
Wildner M, Clark DE, Casper W, Bergmann KE. An indirect method for the estimation of osteoporotic fractures from injury and fracture profiles. Soz Praventivmed 1999;44(2):78-84.
Wittich A, Mautalen CA, Oliveri MB, Bagur A, Somoza F, Rotemberg E. Professional football (soccer) players have a markedly greater skeletal mineral content, density and size than age- and BMI-matched controls. Calcif Tissue Int 1998;63(2):112-7.
Yaffe K, Browner W, Cauley J, Launer L, Harris T. Association between bone mineral density and cognitive decline in older women. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999 Oct;47(10):1176-82.
Yildiz A, Sahin I, Gol K, Taner Z, Uluturk A, Biberoglu K. Bone loss rate in the lumbar spine: a comparison between natural and surgically induced menopause. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1996 Nov;55(2):153-9.
III. Assessment (Diagnosis)
III. A. General
Abbott TA 3rd, Mucha L, Manfredonia D, Schwartz EN, Berger ML. Efficient patient identification strategies for women with osteoporosis. J Clin Densitom 1999 Fall;2(3):223-30.
Abrahamsen B, Hansen TB, Jensen LB, Hermann AP, Eiken P. Site of osteodensitometry in perimenopausal women: correlation and limits of agreement between anatomic regions. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Sep;12(9):1471-9.
Acar B, Uslu T, Topuz A, Osma E, Ercal T, Posaci C, Erata Y, Mumcu A. Relation between bone mineral content and clinical, hormonal and biochemical parameters in postmenopausal women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 1998;261(3):121-8.
Adachi JD. The correlation of bone mineral density and biochemical markers to fracture risk. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;59 Suppl 1:S16-9.
Adami S, Kanis JA. Assessment of involutional bone loss: methodological and conceptual problems. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Apr;10(4):511-7.
Adami S, Zamberlan N, Gatti D, Zanfisi C, Braga V, Broggini M, Rossini M. Computed radiographic absorptiometry and morphometry in the assessment of postmenopausal bone loss. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(1):8-13.
Aerssens J, Boonen S, Joly J, Dequeker J. Variations in trabecular bone composition with anatomical site and age: Potential implications for bone quality assessment. J Endocrinol 1997;155(3):411-21.
Ahmed AI, Blake GM, Rymer JM, Fogelman I. Screening for osteopenia and osteoporosis: do the accepted normal ranges lead to overdiagnosis? Osteoporos Int 1997;7(5):432-8.
Ahmed AI, Ilic D, Blake GM, Rymer JM, Fogelman I. Review of 3,530 referrals for bone density measurements of spine and femur: evidence that radiographic osteopenia predicts low bone mass. Radiology 1998 Jun;207(3):619-24.
Ailinger RL, Harper DC, Lasus HA. Bone up on osteoporosis. Development of the Facts on Osteoporosis Quiz. Orthop Nurs 1998 Sep-Oct;17(5):66-73.
Al-Dehaimi AW, Blumsohn A, Eastell R. Serum galactosyl hydroxylysine as a biochemical marker of bone resorption. Clin Chem 1999;45(5):676-81.
Alenfeld FE, Wuster C, Funck C, Pereira-Lima JF, Fritz T, Meeder PJ, Ziegler R. Ultrasound measurements at the proximal phalanges in healthy women and patients with hip fractures. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(5):393-8.
Alexander SJ. Serial bone mineral density studies in the evaluation and management of osteoporosis. Bull Rheum Dis 1997 Aug;46(5):3-7.
Andresen R, Haidekker MA, Radmer S, Banzer D. Computerized analysis of gray-value profiles in spongy and cortical bone. Clinical experience. Invest Radiol 1999 Sep;34(9):572-8.
Andresen R, Haidekker MA, Radmer S, Banzer D. CT determination of bone mineral density and structural investigations on the axial skeleton for estimating the osteoporosis-related fracture risk by means of a risk score. Br J Radiol 1999 Jun;72(858):569-78.
Andresen R, Radmer S, Banzer D. Bone mineral density and spongiosa architecture in correlation to vertebral body insufficiency fractures. Acta Radiol 1998 Sep;39(5):538-42.
Andresen R, Werner HJ, Schober HC. Contribution of the cortical shell of vertebrae to mechanical behaviour of the lumbar vertebrae with implications for predicting fracture risk. Br J Radiol 1998 Jul;71(847):759-65.
Arnaud CD. Osteoporosis: using 'bone markers' for diagnosis and monitoring. Geriatrics 1996 Apr;51(4):24-30.
Augat P, Fan B, Lane NE, Lang TF, LeHir P, Lu Y, Uffmann M, Genant HK. Assessment of bone mineral at appendicular sites in females with fractures of the proximal femur. Bone 1998 Apr;22(4):395-402.
Augat P, Fuerst T, Genant HK. Quantitative bone mineral assessment at the forearm: a review. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(4):299-310.
Augat P, Link T, Lang TF, Lin JC, Majumdar S, Genant HK. Anisotropy of the elastic modulus of trabecular bone specimens from different anatomical locations. Med Eng Phys 1998;20(2):124-31.
Augat P, Reeb H, Claes LE. Prediction of fracture load at different skeletal sites by geometric properties of the cortical shell. J Bone Miner Res 1996 Sep;11(9):1356-63.
Bagur A, Vega E, Mautalen C. Discrimination of total body bone mineral density measured by dexa in vertebral osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Apr;56(4):263-7.
Ballard PA, Purdie DW, Langton CM, Steel SA, Mussurakis S. Prevalence of osteoporosis and related risk factors in UK women in the seventh decade: osteoporosis case finding by clinical referral criteria or predictive model? Osteoporos Int 1998;8(6):535-9.
Balogh A, Bettembuk P. Hormone replacement therapy and prevention of osteoporosis: risk assessment and practical advice. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1997 Feb;71(2):189-91.
Baran DT. Quantitative ultrasound: a technique to target women with low bone mass for preventive therapy. Am J Med 1995 Feb 27;98(2A):48S-51S.
Bauer DC, Gluer CC, Cauley JA, Vogt TM, Ensrud KE, Genant HK, Black DM. Broadband ultrasound attenuation predicts fractures strongly and independently of densitometry in older women. A prospective study. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Arch Intern Med 1997 Mar 24;157(6):629-34. Comment in: ACP J Club 1997 Sep-Oct;127(2):42.
Bauer DC, Gluer CC, Genant HK, Stone K. Quantitative ultrasound and vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women. Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Mar;10(3):353-8.
Bauer DC, Sklarin PM, Stone KL, Black DM, Nevitt MC, Ensrud KE, Arnaud CD, Genant HK, Garnero P, Delmas PD, Lawaetz H, Cummings SR. Biochemical markers of bone turnover and prediction of hip bone loss in older women: the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Miner Res 1999 Aug;14(8):1404-10.
Beck Jensen JE, Kollerup G, Sorensen HA, Pors Nielsen S, Sorensen OH. A single measurement of biochemical markers of bane turnover has limited utility in the individual person. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1997;57(4):351-9.
Berard A, Bravo G. Combining studies using effect sizes and quality scores: application to bone loss in postmenopausal women. J Clin Epidemiol 1998 Oct;51(10):801-7.
Berry E, Truscott JG, Stewart SP, Smith MA. Spatial distribution of femoral bone mineral in dual energy X-ray absorptiometry images: a possible technique to improve discrimination between normal and osteoporotic patients. Br J Radiol 1996 Aug;69(824):743-50.
Bettica P, Taylor AK, Talbot J, Moro L, Talamini R, Baylink DJ. Clinical performances of galactosyl hydroxylysine, pyridinoline, and deoxypyridinoline in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 Feb;81(2):542-6.
Bikle DD. Biochemical markers in the assessment of bone disease. Am J Med 1997;103(5):427-36.
Binkley N. Assessment and management of the patient with osteoporosis. Top Geriatr Rehabil 1995;10(4):64-74.
Bjarnason K, Nilas L, Hassager C, Christiansen C. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the spine--decubitus lateral versus anteroposterior projection in osteoporotic women: comparison to single energy X-ray absorptiometry of the forearm. Bone 1995 Feb;16(2):255-60.
Black DM. Why elderly women should be screened and treated to prevent osteoporosis. Am J Med 1995 Feb 27;98(2A):67S-75S.
Black DM, Palermo L, Nevitt MC, Genant HK, Christensen L, Cummings SR. Defining incident vertebral deformity: a prospective comparison of several approaches. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Bone Miner Res 1999 Jan;14(1):90-101.
Blake GM, Fogelman I. Applications of bone densitometry for osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1998 Jun;27(2):267-88.
Blake GM, Herd RJ, Fogelman I. A longitudinal study of supine lateral DXA of the lumbar spine: a comparison with posteroanterior spine, hip and total-body DXA. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(6):462-70.
Blake GM, Preston NG, Patel R, Herd RJ, Fogelman I. An unexpected change in DXA calibration not detected by routine quality control checks. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(2):115-20.
Blanckaert F, Cortet B, Coquerelle P, Flipo RM, Duquesnoy B, Delcambre B. Ultrasound velocity through the phalanges in normal and osteoporotic patients. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Jan;64(1):28-33.
Blanckaert F, Cortet B, Coquerelle P, Flipo RM, Duquesnoy B, Marchandise X, Delcambre B. Contribution of calcaneal ultrasonic assessment to the evaluation of postmenopausal and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 1997 May;64(5):305-13.
Blumsohn A, Eastell R. The performance and utility of biochemical markers of bone turnover: do we know enough to use them in clinical practice? Ann Clin Biochem 1997 Sep;34(Pt 5):449-59.
Bollen AM, Kiyak HA, Eyre DR. Longitudinal evaluation of a bone resorption marker in elderly subjects. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(6):544-9.
Bolotin HH. Analytic and quantitative exposition of patient-specific systematic inaccuracies inherent in planar DXA-derived in vivo BMD measurements. Med Phys 1998 Feb;25(2):139-51.
Bonde M, Qvist P, Fledelius C, Riis BJ, Christiansen C. Applications of an enzyme immunoassay for a new marker of bone resorption (CrossLaps): Follow-up on hormone replacement therapy and osteoporosis risk assessment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80(3):864-8.
Bonjour JP, Ammann P, Rizzoli R. Importance of preclinical studies in the development of drugs for treatment of osteoporosis: a review related to the 1998 WHO guidelines. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(5):379-93.
Bonnick SL, Nichols DL, Sanborn CF, Lloyd K, Payne SG, Lewis L, Reed CA. Dissimilar spine and femoral Z-scores in premenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Oct;61(4):263-5.
Bonnick SL, Nichols DL, Sanborn CF, Payne SG, Moen SM, Heiss CJ. Right and left proximal femur analyses: Is there a need to do both? Calcif Tissue Int 1996;58(5):307-10.
Boonen S, Cheng X, Nicholson PH, Verbeke G, Broos P, Dequeker J. The accuracy of peripheral skeletal assessment at the radius in estimating femoral bone density as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: a comparative study of single-photon absorptiometry and computed tomography. J Intern Med 1997 Oct;242(4):323-8. Comment in: J Intern Med 1998 Oct;244(4):358-9.
Boonen S, Cheng XG, Nijs J, Nicholson PH, Verbeke G, Lesaffre E, Aerssens J, Dequeker J. Factors associated with cortical and trabecular bone loss as quantified by peripheral computed tomography (pQCT) at the ultradistal radius in aging women. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Feb;60(2):164-70.
Boonen S, Koutri R, Dequeker J, Aerssens J, Lowet G, Nijs J, Verbeke G, Lesaffre E, Geusens P. Measurement of femoral geometry in type I and type II osteoporosis: differences in hip axis length consistent with heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Dec;10(12):1908-12.
Borderie D, Cherruau B, Dougados M, Ekindjian OG, Roux C. Biochemical markers as predictors of bone mineral density changes after GnRH agonist treatment. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Jan;62(1):21-5.
Bouxsein ML, Coan BS, Lee SC. Prediction of the strength of the elderly proximal femur by bone mineral density and quantitative ultrasound measurements of the heel and tibia. Bone 1999 Jul;25(1):49-54.
Bouxsein ML, Courtney AC, Hayes WC. Ultrasound and densitometry of the calcaneus correlate with the failure loads of cadaveric femurs. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Feb;56(2):99-103.
Bouxsein ML, Michaeli DA, Plass DB, Schick DA, Melton ME. Precision and accuracy of computed digital absorptiometry for assessment of bone density of the hand. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(5):444-9.
Bouxsein ML, Radloff SE. Quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus reflects the mechanical properties of calcaneal trabecular bone. J Bone Miner Res 1997 May;12(5):839-46.
Boyde A, Compston JE, Reeve J, Bell KL, Noble BS, Jones SJ, Loveridge N. Effect of estrogen suppression on the mineralization density of iliac crest biopsies in young women as assessed by backscattered electron imaging. Bone 1998 Mar;22(3):241-50.
Braga de Castro Machado A, Hannon R, Eastell R. Monitoring alendronate therapy for osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1999 Apr;14(4):602-8.
Bravenboer N, Papapoulos SE, Holzmann P, Hamdy NA, Netelenbos JC, Lips P. Bone histomorphometric evaluation of pamidronate treatment in clinically manifest osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(6):489-93.
Brismar TB, Karlsson M, Li T, Ringertz H. The correlation between R2' and bone mineral measurements in human vertebrae: an in vitro study. Eur Radiol 1999;9(1):141-4.
Broyles DL, Nielsen RG, Bussett EM, Lu WD, Mizrahi IA, Nunnelly PA, Ngo TA, Noell J, Christenson RH, Kress BC. Analytical and clinical performance characteristics of Tandem-MP Ostase, a new immunoassay for serum bone alkaline phosphatase. Clin Chem 1998;44(10):2139-47.
Buckland-Wright JC, Lynch JA, Bird C. Microfocal techniques in quantitative radiography: Measurement of cancellous bone organization. Br J Rheumatol 1996;35 Suppl 3:18-22.
Burston B, McNally DS, Nicholson HD. Determination of a standard site for the measurement of bone mineral density of the human calcaneus. J Anat 1998 Oct;193(Pt 3):449-56.
Cadarette SM, Jaglal SB, Murray TM. Validation of the Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation (SCORE) for patient selection for bone densitometry. Osteoporos Int 1999;10(1):85-90.
Caldwell CB, Willett K, Cuncins AV, Hearn TC. Characterization of vertebral strength using digital radiographic analysis of bone structure. Med Phys 1995;22(5):611-5.
Calvo MS, Eyre DR, Gundberg CM. Molecular basis and clinical application of biological markers of bone turnover. Endocr Rev 1996;17(4):333-68.
Cardenas JL, Revilla M, Hernandez ER, Aguado F, Villa LF, Rico H. Comparison of three bone densitometry methods in osteoporotic women. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Nov;61(5):358-61.
Cecchettin M, Bellometti S, Torri G, Galzigna L. Comparison of commercial osteocalcin assay kits in evaluating osteoporosis. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1995;56(2):163-8.
Chappard C, Berger G, Roux C, Laugier P. Ultrasound measurement on the calcaneus: influence of immersion time and rotation of the foot. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(4):318-26.
Chappard C, Kolta S, Fechtenbaum J, Dougados M, Roux C. Clinical evaluation of spine morphometric X-ray absorptiometry. Br J Rheumatol 1998 May;37(5):496-501.
Chappard D, Legrand E, Pascaretti C, Basle MF, Audran M. Comparison of eight histomorphometric methods for measuring trabecular bone architecture by image analysis on histological sections. Microsc Res Tech 1999 May 15-Jun 1;45(4-5):303-12.
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Delmas PD. The role of markers of bone turnover in the assessment of fracture risk in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1998;8 Suppl 1:S32-6.
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Dresner-Pollak R, Parker RA, Poku M, Thompson J, Seibel MJ, Greenspan SL. Biochemical markers of bone turnover reflect femoral bone loss in elderly women. Calcif Tissue Int 1996 Nov;59(5):328-33.
Eastell R. Assessment of bone density and bone loss. Osteoporos Int 1996;6 Suppl 2:3-5.
Eastell R, Blumsohn A. The value of biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteoporosis. J Rheumatol 1997 Jun;24(6):1215-7.
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Edmondston SJ, Price RI, Valente B, Singer KP. Measurement of vertebral body heights: Ex vivo comparisons between morphometric X-ray absorptiometry, morphometric radiography and direct measurements. Osteoporos Int 1999;10(1):7-13.
Edmondston SJ, Singer KP, Day RE, Price RI, Breidahl PD. Ex vivo estimation of thoracolumbar vertebral body compressive strength: the relative contributions of bone densitometry and vertebral morphometry. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(2):142-8.
Epstein S, Miller P. Bone mass measurements: The case for selected screening? Trends Endocrinol Metab 1997;8(4):157-60.
Erlichman M, Holohan TV. Bone densitometry: patients receiving prolonged steroid therapy. Health Technol Assess (Rockv) 1996 Sep;(9):i-vi, 1-31.
Erlichman M, Holohan TV. Bone densitometry: patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism part I. Technical report. Health Technol Assess (Rockv) 1995 Dec;(6):1-30.
Erlichman M, Holohan TV. Bone densitometry: patients with end-stage renal disease. Health Technol Assess (Rockv) 1996 Mar;(8):1-27.
Faulkner KG, Roberts LA, McClung MR. Discrepancies in normative data between Lunar and Hologic DXA systems. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(6):432-6.
Faulkner KG, von Stetten E, Miller P. Discordance in patient classification using T-scores. J Clin Densitom 1999 Fall;2(3):343-50.
Fiore CE, Pennisi P, Gibilaro M, Di Fazzio S, Impellizzieri D, Ramirez MG. Correlation of quantitative ultrasound of bone with biochemical markers of bone resorption in women with osteoporotic fractures. J Clin Densitom 1999 Fall;2(3):231-9.
Foldes AJ, Rimon A, Keinan DD, Popovtzer MM. Quantitative ultrasound of the tibia: a novel approach for assessment of bone status. Bone 1995 Oct;17(4):363-7. Published erratum appears in Bone 1996 Apr;18(4):391.
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III. B. Biochemical Markers
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Theiler R, Stahelin HB, Kranzlin M, Tyndall A, Bischoff HA. High bone turnover in the elderly. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999;80(5):485-9.
Villa I, Banfi G, Daverio R, Resmini G, Rubinacci A. Osteocalcin production in vivo and in vitro after 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol stimulation comparison of different assays. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1996;34(9):771-5.
Yasumizu T, Hoshi K, Iijima S, Asaka A. Serum concentration of the pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) is a useful indicator of decline and recovery of bone mineral density in lumbar spine: Analysis in Japanese postmenopausal women with or without hormone replacement. Endocr J 1998;45(1):45-51.
Yilmaz N, Bayram M, Erbagci AB, Kilincer MS. Diagnostic value of biochemical markers of bone turnover and postmenopausal osteoporosis. Clin Chem Lab Med 1999;37(2):137-43.
Yoshimura N, Hashimoto T, Sakata K, Morioka S, Kasamatsu T, Cooper C. Biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone loss at the lumbar spine and femoral neck: the Taiji study. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Sep;65(3):198-202.
Yu SL, Ho LM, Lim BC, Sim ML. Urinary deoxypyridinoline is a useful biochemical bone marker for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1998 Jul;27(4):527-9.
Zhan Z, Yamamoto I, Morita R, Miura H. Urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline as bone metabolic markers in predicting therapeutic effects of estrogen and alfacalcidol in women with osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Metab 1999;17(2):113-8.
III. C. Bone Structure / Quality / Histomorphometry
Fazzalari NL, Parkinson IH. Fractal properties of cancellous bone of the iliac crest in vertebral crush fracture. Bone 1998 Jul;23(1):53-7.
Fedarko NS, Vetter UK, Robey PG. Age-related changes in bone matrix structure in vitro. Calcif Tissue Int 1995;56 Suppl 1:S41-3.
Feik SA, Thomas CD, Clement JG. Age trends in remodeling of the femoral midshaft differ between the sexes. J Orthop Res 1996 Jul;14(4):590-7.
Fidouh F, Harba R, Jacquet G, Loussot T, Lespessailles E. Long-term reproducibility optimization of an x-ray process for bone architectural evaluation during osteoporosis. Phys Med Biol 1999 Jan;44(1):N1-8.
Hauge E, Mosekilde L, Melsen F. Missing observations in bone histomorphometry on osteoporosis: implications and suggestions for an approach. Bone 1999 Oct;25(4):389-95.
Koot VC, Kesselaer SM, Clevers GJ, de Hooge P, Weits T, van der Werken C. Evaluation of the Singh index for measuring osteoporosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1996 Sep;78(5):831-4.
Kothari M, Keaveny TM, Lin JC, Newitt DC, Majumdar S. Measurement of intraspecimen variations in vertebral cancellous bone architecture. Bone 1999 Aug;25(2):245-50.
III. D. Comparative Methodology
Grampp S, Genant HK, Mathur A, Lang P, Jergas M, Takada M, Gluer CC, Lu Y, Chavez M. Comparisons of noninvasive bone mineral measurements in assessing age-related loss, fracture discrimination, and diagnostic classification. J Bone Miner Res 1997 May;12(5):697-711. Comment in: J Bone Miner Res 1997 Nov;12(11):1954-5.
Grampp S, Henk CB, Fuerst TP, Lu Y, Bader TR, Kainberger F, Genant HK, Imhof H. Diagnostic agreement of quantitative sonography of the calcaneus with dual X-ray absorptiometry of the spine and femur. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999 Aug;173(2):329-34.
Grampp S, Lang P, Jergas M, Gluer CC, Mathur A, Engelke K, Genant HK. Assessment of the skeletal status by peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the forearm: short-term precision in vivo and comparison to dual X-ray absorptiometry. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Oct;10(10):1566-76.
Grampp S, Majumdar S, Jergas M, Newitt D, Lang P, Genant HK. Distal radius: in vivo assessment with quantitative MR imaging, peripheral quantitative CT, and dual X-ray absorptiometry. Radiology 1996 Jan;198(1):213-8.
Greenspan SL, Bouxsein ML, Melton ME, Kolodny AH, Clair JH, Delucca PT, Stek M Jr, Faulkner KG, Orwoll ES. Precision and discriminatory ability of calcaneal bone assessment technologies. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Aug;12(8):1303-13. Published erratum appears in J Bone Miner Res 1997 Nov;12(11):1957.
Guglielmi G, Cammisa M, De Serio A, Scillitani A, Chiodini I, Carnevale V, Fusilli S. Phalangeal US velocity discriminates between normal and vertebrally fractured subjects. Eur Radiol 1999;9(8):1632-7.
Hagiwara S, Engelke K, Takada M, Yang SO, Grampp S, Dhillon MS, Genant HK. Accuracy and diagnostic sensitivity of radiographic absorptiometry of the second metacarpal. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Feb;62(2):95-8.
Hamanaka Y, Yamamoto I, Takada M, Matsushita R, Ota T, Yuh I, Morita R. Comparison of bone mineral density at various skeletal sites with quantitative ultrasound parameters of the calcaneus for assessment of vertebral fractures. J Bone Miner Metab 1999;17(3):195-200.
Hans D, Fuerst T, Lang T, Majumdar S, Lu Y, Genant HK, Gluer C. How can we measure bone quality? Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 1997 Aug;11(3):495-515.
Heilmann P, Wuester C, Prolingheuer C, Goetz M, Ziegler R. Measurement of forearm bone mineral density: Comparison of precision of five different instruments. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 May;62(5):383-7.
Huang C, Ross PD, Yates AJ, Walker RE, Imose K, Emi K, Wasnich RD. Prediction of fracture risk by radiographic absorptiometry and quantitative ultrasound: a prospective study. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Nov;63(5):380-4.
Ishikawa K, Ohta T. Radial and metacarpal bone mineral density and calcaneal quantitative ultrasound bone mass in normal Japanese women. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Aug;65(2):112-6.
Kalender WA, Felsenberg D, Genant HK, Fischer M, Dequeker J, Reeve J. The European Spine Phantom--a tool for standardization and quality control in spinal bone mineral measurements by DXA and QCT. Eur J Radiol 1995 Jul;20(2):83-92.
Kang C, Speller R. Comparison of ultrasound and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements in the calcaneus. Br J Radiol 1998 Aug;71(848):861-7.
Karlsson MK, Obrant KJ, Nilsson BE, Johnell O. Bone mineral density assessed by quantitative ultrasound and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Normative data in Malmo, Sweden. Acta Orthop Scand 1998;69(2):189-93.
Kiel DP, Mercier CA, Dawson-Hughes B, Cali C, Hannan MT, Anderson JJ. The effects of analytic software and scan analysis technique on the comparison of dual X-ray absorptiometry with dual photon absorptiometry of the hip in the elderly. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Jul;10(7):1130-6.
Lafferty FW, Rowland DY. Correlations of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography, and single photon absorptiometry with spinal and non-spinal fractures. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(5):407-15. Comment in: Osteoporos Int 1997;7(3):238-40.
Langton CM, Langton DK, Beardsworth SA. Comparison of accuracy and cost effectiveness of clinical criteria and BUA for referral for BMD assessment by DXA in osteoporotic and osteopenic perimenopausal subjects. Technol Health Care 1999;7(5):319-30.
Laval-Jeantet AM, Bergot C, Williams M, Davidson K, Laval-Jeantet M. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the calcaneus: comparison with vertebral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Jan;56(1):14-8.
Lin JC, Grampp S, Link T, Kothari M, Newitt DC, Felsenberg D, Majumdar S. Fractal analysis of proximal femur radiographs: Correlation with biomechanical properties and bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(6):516-24.
Link TM, Majumdar S, Konermann W, Meier N, Lin JC, Newitt D, Ouyang X, Peters PE, Genant HK. Texture analysis of direct magnification radiographs of vertebral specimens: correlation with bone mineral density and biomechanical properties. Acad Radiol 1997 Mar;4(3):167-76.
Lochmuller EM, Eckstein F, Kaiser D, Zeller JB, Landgraf J, Putz R, Steldinger R. Prediction of vertebral failure loads from spinal and femoral dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and calcaneal ultrasound: An in situ analysis with intact soft tissues. Bone 1998;23(5):417-24.
Lochmuller EM, Zeller JB, Kaiser D, Eckstein F, Landgraf J, Putz R, Steldinger R. Correlation of femoral and lumbar DXA and calcaneal ultrasound, measured in situ with intact soft tissues, with the in vitro failure loads of the proximal femur. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(6):591-8.
Louis O, Moreels X, Osteaux M. Reproducibility of phalanx osteosonography and relation with forearm peripheral quantitative computed tomography: single finger versus average measurement on the last four fingers. Eur J Radiol 1998 Oct;28(3):270-5.
Maggio D, Agostinelli D, Simonelli G, Camilli L, Ubaldi E, Luchetti M, Aisa MC, Cherubini A, Baffa S, Senin U. Radiogrammetry vs dexa in the diagnosis of senile osteoporosis. Ital J Miner Electrolyte Metab 1996;10(1):15-8.
Majumdar S, Genant HK, Grampp S, Newitt DC, Truong VH, Lin JC, Mathur A. Correlation of trabecular bone structure with age, bone mineral density, and osteoporotic status: in vivo studies in the distal radius using high resolution magnetic resonance imaging. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Jan;12(1):111-8.
Majumdar S, Newitt D, Mathur A, Osman D, Gies A, Chiu E, Lotz J, Kinney J, Genant H. Magnetic resonance imaging of trabecular bone structure in the distal radius: relationship with X-ray tomographic microscopy and biomechanics. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(5):376-85.
Martin JC, Campbell MK, Reid DM. A comparison of radial peripheral quantitative computed tomography, calcaneal ultrasound, and axial dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements in women aged 45-55 yr. J Clin Densitom 1999 Fall;2(3):265-73.
Martin JC, Reid DM. Appendicular measurements in screening women for low axial bone mineral density. Br J Radiol 1996 Mar;69(819):234-40.
Mautalen C, Vega E, Gonzalez D, Carrilero P, Otano A, Silberman F. Ultrasound and dual X-ray absorptiometry densitometry in women with hip fracture. Calcif Tissue Int 1995;57(3):165-8.
Moro M, Hecker AT, Bouxsein ML, Myers ER. Failure load of thoracic vertebrae correlates with lumbar bone mineral density measured by DXA. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Mar;56(3):206-9.
Ng DC, Sundram FX. Bone mineral density--correlation between quantitative ultrasound characteristics and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1998 Jul;27(4):524-6.
Njeh CF, Kuo CW, Langton CM, Atrah HI, Boivin CM. Prediction of human femoral bone strength using ultrasound velocity and BMD: An in vitro study. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(5):471-7.
Peh WC, Khong PL, Yin Y, Ho WY, Evans NS, Gilula LA, Yeung HW, Davies AM. Imaging of pelvic insufficiency fractures. Radiographics 1996 Mar;16(2):335-48.
Queralto JM, Torres J, Guinot M. Neural networks for the biochemical prediction of bone mass loss. Clin Chem Lab Med 1999 Aug;37(8):831-8.
Stegman MR, Davies KM, Heaney RP, Recker RR, Lappe JM. The association of patellar ultrasound transmissions and forearm densitometry with vertebral fracture, number and severity: the Saunders County Bone Quality Study. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(2):130-5.
Stegman MR, Heaney RP, Recker RR. Comparison of speed of sound ultrasound with single photon absorptiometry for determining fracture odds ratios. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Mar;10(3):346-52.
Travers-Gustafson D, Stegman MR, Heaney RP, Recker RR. Ultrasound, densitometry, and extraskeletal appendicular fracture risk factors: a cross-sectional report on the Saunders County Bone Quality Study. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Oct;57(4):267-71.
Tromp AM, Smit JH, Deeg DJ, Lips P. Quantitative ultrasound measurements of the tibia and calcaneus in comparison with DXA measurements at various skeletal sites. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(3):230-5.
Yu W, Gluer CC, Grampp S, Jergas M, Fuerst T, Wu CY, Lu Y, Fan B, Genant HK. Spinal bone mineral assessment in postmenopausal women: A comparison between dual X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography. Osteoporos Int 1995;5(6):433-9.
Yuan X, Takahashi N, Terashita T, Nakatani M, Mizuno K. Which vertebrae should be assessed in diagnosing osteoporosis by plain radiography? Comparative study of radiographic findings and bone mineral density measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. J Orthop Sci 1998;3(5):252-6.
Zaichick YeV, Morukov BV. In vivo bone mineral studies on volunteers during a 370-day antiorthostatic hypokinesia test. Appl Radiat Isot 1998 May-Jun;49(5-6):691-4.
III. E. Computed Tomography (CT)
Gluer CC, Engelke K, Lang TF, Grampp S, Genant HK. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) of the lumbar spine and appendicular skeleton. Eur J Radiol 1995 Sep;20(3):173-8.
Gordon CL, Lang TF, Augat P, Genant HK. Image-based assessment of spinal trabecular bone structure from high-resolution CT images. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(4):317-25.
Gowin W, Saparin PI, Kurths J, Felsenberg D. Measures of complexity for cancellous bone. Technol Health Care 1998 Dec;6(5-6):373-90.
Grampp S, Jergas M, Lang P, Steiner E, Fuerst T, Gluer CC, Mathur A, Genant HK. Quantitative CT assessment of the lumbar spine and radius in patients with osteoporosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996 Jul;167(1):133-40.
Haidekker MA, Andresen R, Evertsz CJ, Banzer D, Peitgen HO. Evaluation of the cortical structure in high resolution CT images of lumbar vertebrae by analysing low bone mineral density clusters and cortical profiles. Br J Radiol 1997 Dec;70(840):1222-8.
Haidekker MA, Andresen R, Werner HJ. Relationship between structural parameters, bone mineral density and fracture load in lumbar vertebrae, based on high-resolution computed tomography, quantitative computed tomography and compression tests. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(5):433-40.
Hasegawa Y, Kushida K, Yamazaki K, Inoue T. Volumetric bone mineral density using peripheral quantitative computed tomography in Japanese women. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(3):195-9.
Hernandez ER, Revilla M, Seco-Durban C, Villa LF, Cortes J, Rico H. Heterogeneity of trabecular and cortical postmenopausal bone loss: a longitudinal study with pQCT. Bone 1997 Mar;20(3):283-7.
Ito M, Nakamura T, Matsumoto T, Tsurusaki K, Hayashi K. Analysis of trabecular microarchitecture of human iliac bone using microcomputed tomography in patients with hip arthrosis with or without vertebral fracture. Bone 1998 Aug;23(2):163-9.
Ito M, Ohki M, Hayashi K, Yamada M, Uetani M, Nakamura T. Relationship of spinal fracture to bone density, textural, and anthropometric parameters. Calcif Tissue Int 1997;60(3):240-3.
Jiang Y, Zhao J, Augat P, Ouyang X, Lu Y, Majumdar S, Genant HK. Trabecular bone mineral and calculated structure of human bone specimens scanned by peripheral quantitative computed tomography: Relation to biomechanical properties. J Bone Miner Res 1998;13(11):1783-90.
Laib A, Hauselmann HJ, Ruegsegger P. In vivo high resolution 3D-QCT of the human forearm. Technol Health Care 1998 Dec;6(5-6):329-37.
Laib A, Ruegsegger P. Calibration of trabecular bone structure measurements of in vivo three-dimensional peripheral quantitative computed tomography with 28-mum-resolution microcomputed tomography. Bone 1999;24(1):35-9.
Laib A, Ruegsegger P. Comparison of structure extraction methods for in vivo trabecular bone measurements. Comput Med Imaging Graph 1999 Mar-Apr;23(2):69-74.
Laib A, Ruegsegger P. Local x-ray tomography for in vivo bone structure examinations. Med Phys 1999;26(3):447-52.
Lang TF, Augat P, Lane NE, Genant HK. Trochanteric hip fracture: strong association with spinal trabecular bone mineral density measured with quantitative CT. Radiology 1998 Nov;209(2):525-30.
Lang TF, Keyak JH, Heitz MW, Augat P, Lu Y, Mathur A, Genant HK. Volumetric quantitative computed tomography of the proximal femur: precision and relation to bone strength. Bone 1997 Jul;21(1):101-8.
Lang TF, Li J, Harris ST, Genant HK. Assessment of vertebral bone mineral density using volumetric quantitative CT. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1999 Jan-Feb;23(1):130-7.
Link TM, Majumdar S, Lin JC, Augat P, Gould RG, Newitt D, Ouyang X, Lang TF, Mathur A, Genant HK. Assessment of trabecular structure using high resolution CT images and texture analysis. J Comput Assisted Tomogr 1998;22(1):15-24.
Martin H, Werner J, Andresen R, Schober HC, Schmitz KP. Nonivasive assessment of stiffness and failure load of human vertebrae from CT-data. Biomed Tech 1998;43(4):82-8.
Muller R, Ruegsegger P. Micro-tomographic imaging for the nondestructive evaluation of trabecular bone architecture. Stud Health Technol Inform 1997;40:61-79.
Muller R, Van Campenhout H, Van Damme B, Van Der Perre G, Dequeker J, Hildebrand T, Ruegsegger P. Morphometric analysis of human bone biopsies: a quantitative structural comparison of histological sections and micro-computed tomography. Bone 1998 Jul;23(1):59-66.
Newman DL, Dougherty G, al Obaid A, al Hajrasy H. Limitations of clinical CT in assessing cortical thickness and density. Phys Med Biol 1998 Mar;43(3):619-26.
Nijs J, Westhovens R, Joly J, Cheng XG, Borghs H, Dequeker J. Diagnostic sensitivity of peripheral quantitative computed tomography measurements at ultradistal and proximal radius in postmenopausal women. Bone 1998;22(6):659-64.
Rosenthall L, Caminis J, Tenehouse A. Correlation of ultrasound velocity in the tibial cortex, calcaneal ultrasonography, and bone mineral densitometry of the spine and femur. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;58(6):415-8.
Sandor T, Felsenberg D, Brown E. Discriminability of fracture and nonfracture cases based on the spatial distribution of spinal bone mineral. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1997 May-Jun;21(3):498-505.
Schneider P, Butz S, Allolio B, Borner W, Klein K, Lehmann R, Petermann K, Tysarczyk-Niemeyer G, Wuster C, Zander C, Ziegler R, Reiners C. Multicenter German reference data base for peripheral quantitative computer tomography. Technol Health Care 1995;3(2):69-73.
Takagi Y, Fujii Y, Miyauchi A, Goto B, Takahashi K, Fujita T. Transmenopausal change of trabecular bone density and structural pattern assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography in Japanese women. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Nov;10(11):1830-4.
III. F. Densitometry
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Goh JCH, Low SL, Bose K. Effect of femoral rotation on bone mineral density measurements with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Calcif Tissue Int 1995;57(5):340-3.
Greenspan SL, Maitland-Ramsey L, Meyers E. Classification of osteoporosis in the elderly is dependent on site-specific analysis. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;58(6):409-14.
Hailey D, Marshall D, Sampietro-Colom L, Rico R, Granados A, Asua J, Jonsson E. International collaboration in health technology assessment: A study of technologies used in management of osteoporosis. Health Policy 1998;43(3):233-41.
Hailey D, Sampietro-Colom L, Marshall D, Rico R, Granados A, Asua J. The effectiveness of bone density measurement and associated treatments for prevention of fractures. An international collaborative review. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 1998 Spring;14(2):237-54.
Huang C, Ross PD, Wasnich RD. Short-term and long-term fracture prediction by bone mass measurements: a prospective study. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Jan;13(1):107-13.
Iwamoto J, Takeda T, Otani T, Yabe Y. Age-related changes in cortical bone in women: metacarpal bone mass measurement study. J Orthop Sci 1998;3(2):90-4.
Jergas M, Breitenseher M, Gluer CC, Black D, Lang P, Grampp S, Engelke K, Genant HK. Which vertebrae should be assessed using lateral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine. Osteoporos Int 1995 May;5(3):196-204.
Jergas M, Breitenseher M, Gluer CC, Yu W, Genant HK. Estimates of volumetric bone density from projectional measurements improve the discriminatory capability of dual X-ray absorptiometry. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Jul;10(7):1101-10.
Jergas M, Genant HK. Spinal and femoral DXA for the assessment of spinal osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Nov;61(5):351-7.
Johansson C, Black D, Johnell O, Oden A, Mellstrom D. Bone mineral density is a predictor of survival. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Sep;63(3):190-6.
Johnston CC Jr, Slemenda CW. Identification of patients with low bone mass by single photon absorptiometry and single-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Am J Med 1995 Feb 27;98(2A):37S-40S.
Jones T, Davie MW. Bone mineral density at distal forearm can identify patients with osteoporosis at spine or femoral neck. Br J Rheumatol 1998 May;37(5):539-43.
Kamei T, Aoyagi K, Matsumoto T, Ishida Y, Iwata K, Kumano H, Murakami Y, Kato Y. Age-related bone loss: relationship between age and regional bone mineral density. Tohoku J Exp Med 1999 Feb;187(2):141-7.
Kang C, Speller R. The effect of region of interest selection on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of the calcaneus in 55 post-menopausal women. Br J Radiol 1999 Sep;72(861):864-71.
Kleerekoper M, Nelson DA. Peripheral bone densitometry: an old friend revisited. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 1998;109:62-70; discussion 70-2.
Kullenberg RJ. In vitro study of the accuracy of bone mineral measuring devices in Norway and Sweden. Acta Radiol 1996 Mar;37(2):134-9.
Liu G, Peacock M, Eilam O, Dorulla G, Braunstein E, Johnston CC. Effect of osteoarthritis in the lumbar spine and hip on bone mineral density and diagnosis of osteoporosis in elderly men and women. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(6):564-9.
Lu PW, Cowell CT, Lloyd-Jones SA, Briody JN, Howman-Giles R. Volumetric bone mineral density in normal subjects, aged 5-27 years. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81(4):1586-90.
Lu Y, Mathur AK, Blunt BA, Gluer CC, Will AS, Fuerst TP, Jergas MD, Andriano KN, Cummings SR, Genant HK. Dual X-ray absorptiometry quality control: comparison of visual examination and process-control charts. J Bone Miner Res 1996 May;11(5):626-37.
Lu Y, Ye K, Mathur AK, Hui S, Fuerst TP, Genant HK. Comparative calibration without a gold standard. Stat Med 1997 Aug 30;16(16):1889-905.
Maggio D, McCloskey EV, Camilli L, Cenci S, Cherubini A, Kanis JA, Senin U. Short-term reproducibility of proximal femur bone mineral density in the elderly. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Oct;63(4):296-9.
Marshall DA, Sheldon TA, Jonsson E. Recommendations for the application of bone density measurement. What can you believe? Int J Technol Assess Health Care 1997 Summer;13(3):411-9.
Martini G, Giovani S, Valenti R, Nuti R. Bone densitometry in the diagnostic approach of metabolic bone disease. Ital J Miner Electrolyte Metab 1997;11(3-4):81-7.
Masud T, Jawed S, Doyle DV, Spector TD. A population study of the screening potential of assessment of trabecular pattern of the femoral neck (Singh index): the Chingford Study. Br J Radiol 1995 Apr;68(808):389-93.
Mazess RB, Barden H. Bone density of the spine and femur in adult white females. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Aug;65(2):91-9.
Michael GJ, Henderson CJ. Monte Carlo modelling of an extended DXA technique. Phys Med Biol 1998 Sep;43(9):2583-96.
Nguyen TV, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA. Sources of variability in bone mineral sensity measurements: Implications for study design and analysis of bone loss. J Bone Miner Res 1997;12(1):124-35.
Njeh CF, Apple K, Temperton DH, Boivin CM. Radiological assessment of a new bone densitometer - The Lunar EXPERT. Br J Radiol 1996;69(820):335-40.
Ongphiphadhanakul B, Rajatanavin R, Chailurkit L, Piaseu N, Teerarungsikul K, Sirisriro R, Komindr S, Pauvilai G. Prediction of low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women by artificial neural network model compared to logistic regression model. J Med Assoc Thai 1997 Aug;80(8):508-15.
Patel R, Blake GM, Herd RJ, Fogelman I. The effect of weight change on DXA scans in a 2-year trial of etidronate therapy. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Nov;61(5):393-9.
Pearson J, Dequeker J, Reeve J, Felsenberg D, Henley M, Bright J, Lunt M, Adams J, Diaz Curiel M, Galan F, et al. Dual X-ray absorptiometry of the proximal femur: normal European values standardized with the European Spine Phantom. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Feb;10(2):315-24.
Peel NF, Eastell R. Comparison of rates of bone loss from the spine measured using two manufacturers' densitometers. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Nov;10(11):1796-801.
Pocock NA, Noakes KA, Griffiths M, Bhalerao N, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA, Freund J. A comparison of longitudinal measurements in the spine and proximal femur using lunar and hologic instruments. J Bone Miner Res 1997;12(12):2113-8.
Pocock NA, Noakes KA, Majerovic Y, Griffiths MR. Magnification error of femoral geometry using fan beam densitometers. Calcif Tissue Int 1997;60(1):8-10.
Pors Nielsen S, Kolthoff N, Barenholdt O, Kristensen B, Abrahamsen B, Hermann AP, Brot C. Diagnosis of osteoporosis by planar bone densitometry: can body size be disregarded? Br J Radiol 1998 Sep;71(849):934-43.
Rand T, Seidl G, Kainberger F, Resch A, Hittmair K, Schneider B, Gluer CC, Imhof H. Impact of spinal degenerative changes on the evaluation of bone mineral density with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Calcif Tissue Int 1997 May;60(5):430-3.
Ravaud P, Reny JL, Giraudeau B, Porcher R, Dougados M, Roux C. Individual smallest detectable difference in bone mineral density measurements. J Bone Miner Res 1999 Aug;14(8):1449-56.
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Ravn P, Overgaard K, Huang C, Ross PD, Green D, McClung M. Comparison of bone densitometry of the phalanges, distal forearm and axial skeleton in early postmenopausal women participating in the EPIC Study. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(4):308-13.
Reginster JY, Janssen C, Deroisy R, Zegels B, Albert A, Franchimont P. Bone mineral density of the spine and the hip measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry: normal range and fracture threshold for western European (Belgian) postmenopausal females. Clin Rheumatol 1995 Jan;14(1):68-75.
Revilla RM, Hernandez ER, Villa LF, Seco C, Sanchez-Atrio A, Rico H. Total body bone measurements in spinal osteoporosis by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Jul;61(1):44-7.
Riario-Sforza GG, Incorvaia C, Scazzoso A, Travisi T, Nitti F, Fumagalli M. Cut off values of bone mineral density defining postmenopausal women with bone fractures. Ann Rheum Dis 1995 Oct;54(10):807-10.
Ringertz H, Marshall D, Johansson C, Johnell O, Kullenberg RJ, Ljunghall RJ, Saaf M, Wedel H, Hallerby N, Jonsson E, Marke LA, Werko L. Bone density measurement - A systematic review. J Intern Med Suppl 1997;241(739):1-60.
Rozenberg S, Vandromme J, Aguillera A, Peretz A, Ham H. Clinical significance of heterogeneity of vertebral mineral density. Maturitas 1995 Feb;21(2):147-51.
Sabin MA, Blake GM, MacLaughlin-Black SM, Fogelman I. The accuracy of volumetric bone density measurements in dual x-ray absorptiometry. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Mar;56(3):210-4.
Sekioka Y, Kushida K, Yamazaki K, Inoue T. Calcaneus bone mineral density using single x-ray absorptiometry in Japanese women. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Aug;65(2):106-11.
Simmons A, Barrington S, O'Doherty MJ, Coakley AJ. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry normal reference range use within the UK and the effect of different normal ranges on the assessment of bone density. Br J Radiol 1995;68(812):903-9.
Simmons A, Barrington SF, Archbold LJ, O'Doherty MJ, Coakley AJ. Assessment of changes in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry performance following a system upgrade. Nucl Med Commun 1996;17(4):331-41.
Simmons A, O'Doherty MJ, Barrington SF, Coakley AJ. A survey of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) normal reference ranges used within the UK and their effect on patient classification. Nucl Med Commun 1995 Dec;16(12):1041-53.
Simmons A, Simpson DE, O'Doherty MJ, Barrington S, Coakley AJ. The effects of standardization and reference values on patient classification for spine and femur dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(3):200-6.
Staron RB, Greenspan R, Miller TT, Bilezikian JP, Shane E, Haramati N. Computerized bone densitometric analysis: operator-dependent errors. Radiology 1999 May;211(2):467-70.
Stewart A, Felsenberg D, Kalidis L, Reid DM. Vertebral fractures in men and women: How discriminative are bone mass measurements? Br J Radiol 1995;68(810):614-20.
Stromsoe K, Hoiseth A, Alho A, Kok WL. Bending strength of the femur in relation to non-invasive bone mineral assessment. J Biomech 1995 Jul;28(7):857-61.
Swezey RL, Draper D, Swezey AM. Bone densitometry: Comparison of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to radiographic absorptiometry. J Rheumatol 1996;23(10):1734-8.
Takada M, Engelke K, Hagiwara S, Grampp S, Jergas M, Gluer C, Genant HK. Assesment of osteoporosis: Comparison of radiographic absorptiometry of the phalanges and dual X-ray absoptiometry of the radius and lumbar spine. Radiology 1997;202(3):759-63.
Takada M, Grampp S, Ouyang X, Engelke K, Genant HK. A new trabecular region of interest for femoral dual X-ray absorptiometry: short-term precision, age-related bone loss, and fracture discrimination compared with current femoral regions of interest. J Bone Miner Res 1997 May;12(5):832-8.
Tothill P, Avenell A. Anomalies in the measurement of changes in bone mineral density of the spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Calcif Tissue Int 1998;63(2):126-33.
Ulrich U, Browning M, Gaffney EV, Schoter KH, Chesnut CH 3rd. Implementation of an osteoporosis research program with a mobile dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry unit: the Montana/Wyoming experience. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(6):583-8.
Varenna M, Sinigaglia L, Binelli L, Beltrametti P, Gallazzi M. Transient osteoporosis of the hip: a densitometric study. Clin Rheumatol 1996 Mar;15(2):169-73.
Varney LF, Parker RA, Vincelette A, Greenspan SL. Classification of osteoporosis and osteopenia in postmenopausal women is dependent on site-specific analysis. J Clin Densitom 1999 Fall;2(3):275-83.
Vecht-Hart CM, Zwamborn AW, Peeters PH, Collette HJ. Prediction of peripheral fracture risk by quantitative microdensitometry. Prev Med 1997 Jan-Feb;26(1):86-91.
Versluis RG, Vismans FJ, van de Ven CM, Springer MP, Petri H. Radiographic absorptiometry of the phalanges as a screening instrument to detect osteoporosis of the hip. Acta Radiol 1999 Jul;40(4):418-21.
Yu W, Gluer CC, Fuerst T, Grampp S, Li J, Lu Y, Genant HK. Influence of degenerative joint disease on spinal bone mineral measurements in postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Sep;57(3):169-74.
III. G. MRI
Fransson A, Grampp S, Imhof H. Effects of trabecular bone on marrow relaxation in the tibia. Magn Reson Imaging 1999;17(1):69-82.
Genant HK, Majumdar S. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of trabecular bone structure. Osteoporos Int 1997;7 Suppl 3:S135-9.
Hwang SN, Wehrli FW, Williams JL. Probability-based structural parameters from three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance images as predictors of trabecular bone strength. Med Phys 1997 Aug;24(8):1255-61.
Link TM, Majumdar S, Augat P, Lin JC, Newitt D, Lane NE, Genant HK. Proximal femur: assessment for osteoporosis with T2* decay characteristics at MR imaging. Radiology 1998 Nov;209(2):531-6.
Link TM, Majumdar S, Augat P, Lin JC, Newitt D, Lu Y, Lane NE, Genant HK. In vivo high resolution MRI of the calcaneus: differences in trabecular structure in osteoporosis patients. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Jul;13(7):1175-82.
Majumdar S. A review of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of trabecular bone micro-architecture: contribution to the prediction of biomechanical properties and fracture prevalence. Technol Health Care 1998 Dec;6(5-6):321-7.
Schick F, Seitz D, Machann J, Lutz O, Claussen CD. Magnetic resonance bone densitometry. Comparison of different methods based on susceptibility. Invest Radiol 1995 Apr;30(4):254-65.
Selby K, Majumdar S, Newitt DC, Genant HK. Investigation of MR decay rates in microphantom models of trabecular bone. J Magn Reson Imaging 1996 May-Jun;6(3):549-59.
Traber F, Block W, Layer G, Braucker G, Gieseke J, Kretzer S, Hasan I, Schild HH. Determination of 1H relaxation times of water in human bone marrow by fat-suppressed turbo spin echo in comparison to MR spectroscopic methods. J Magn Reson Imaging 1996 May-Jun;6(3):541-8.
Wehrli FW, Ford JC, Haddad JG. Osteoporosis: clinical assessment with quantitative MR imaging in diagnosis. Radiology 1995 Sep;196(3):631-41.
Wehrli FW, Hwang SN, Mo J, Song HK, Ford JC, Haddad JG. Cancellous bone volume and structure in the forearm: Noninvasive assessment with MR microimaging and image processing. Radiology 1998;206(2):347-57.
Yamato M, Nishimura G, Kuramochi E, Saiki N, Fujioka M. MR appearance at different ages of osteoporotic compression fractures of the vertebrae. Radiat Med 1998 Sep-Oct;16(5):329-34.
III. H. Spine Morphometry
Genant HK. Assessment of vertebral fractures in osteoporosis research. J Rheumatol 1997 Jun;24(6):1212-4.
Genant HK, Jergas M, Palermo L, Nevitt M, Valentin RS, Black D, Cummings SR. Comparison of semiquantitative visual and quantitative morphometric assessment of prevalent and incident vertebral fractures in osteoporosis The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Bone Miner Res 1996 Jul;11(7):984-96.
Grey C, Young R, Bearcroft PWP, Compston JE. Vertebral deformity in the thoracic spine in post-menopausal women: Value of lumbar spine bone density. Br J Radiol 1996;69(818):137-42.
Harvey SB, Hutchison KM, Rennie EC, Hukins DW, Reid DM. Comparison of the precision of two vertebral morphometry programs for the lunar EXPERT-XL imaging densitometer. Br J Radiol 1998 Apr;71(844):388-98.
Kiel D. Assessing vertebral fractures. National Osteoporosis Foundation Working Group on Vertebral Fractures. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Apr;10(4):518-23. Published erratum appears in J Bone Miner Res 1995 Oct;10(10):1605.
Lang T, Takada M, Gee R, Wu C, Li J, Hayashi-Clark C, Schoen S, March V, Genant HK. A preliminary evaluation of the lunar expert-XL for bone densitometry and vertebral morphometry. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Jan;12(1):136-43.
Lazenby RA. Second metacarpal cross-sectional geometry: Rehabilitating a circular argument. Am J Hum Biol 1998;10(6):747-56.
Lems WF, Jahangier ZN, Raymakers JA, Jacobs JW, Bijlsma JW. Methods to score vertebral deformities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1997 Feb;36(2):220-4.
Lundon KM, Li AM, Bibershtein S. Interrater and intrarater reliability in the measurement of kyphosis in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Spine 1998 Sep 15;23(18):1978-85.
Melton LJ 3rd, Egan KS, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Influence of fracture criteria on the outcome of a randomized trial of therapy. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(2):184-91.
O'Neill TW, Silman AJ. Definition and diagnosis of vertebral fracture. J Rheumatol 1997 Jun;24(6):1208-11.
Ouyang X, Majumdar S, Link TM, Lu Y, Augat P, Lin J, Newitt D, Genant HK. Morphometric texture analysis of spinal trabecular bone structure assessed using orthogonal radiographic projections. Med Phys 1998 Oct;25(10):2037-45.
Pak CY, Ho A, Poindexter J, Peterson R, Sakhaee K. Quantitation of incident spinal fractures: comparison of visual detection with quantitative morphometry. Bone 1996 Apr;18(4):349-53.
Rea JA, Chen MB, Li J, Potts E, Fan B, Blake GM, Steiger P, Smith IG, Genant HK, Fogelman I. Morphometric X-ray absorptiometry and morphometric radiography of the spine: A comparison of analysis precision in normal and osteoporotic subjects. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(6):536-44.
Revilla M, Fraile E, Aguado F, Hermandez ER, Villa LF, Rico H. Vertebral and metacarpal morphometry as indicators of nutritional improvement. Clin Rheumatol 1997 May;16(3):279-83.
Rosol MS, Cohen GL, Halpern EF, Chew FS, Kattapuram SV, Palmer WE, Dupuy DE, Rosenthal DI. Vertebral morphometry derived from digital images. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996 Dec;167(6):1545-9.
Ross PD, Huang C, Davis JW, Wasnich RD. Vertebral dimension measurements improve prediction of vertebral fracture incidence. Bone 1995 Apr;16(4 Suppl):257S-262S.
Ross PD, Huang C, Karpf D, Lydick E, Coel M, Hirsch L, Wasnich RD. Blinded reading of radiographs increases the frequency of errors in vertebral fracture detection. J Bone Miner Res 1996 Nov;11(11):1793-800.
Smyth PP, Taylor CJ, Adams JE. Vertebral shape: Automatic measurement with active shape models. Radiology 1999;211(2):571-8.
Szulc P, Marchand F, Felsenberg D, Delmas PD. Prevalence of vertebral deformities according to the diagnostic method. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 1998 Apr;65(4):245-56.
Takada M, Wu CY, Lang TF, Genant HK. Vertebral fracture assessment using the lateral scoutview of computed tomography in comparison with radiographs. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(3):197-203.
van Bodegom JW, Kuiper JW, van Rijn RR, van Kuijk C, Zwamborn AW, Grashuis JL. Vertebral dimensions: influence of X-ray technique and patient size on measurements. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Mar;62(3):214-8.
Weber K, Lunt M, Gowin W, Lauermann T, Armbrecht G, Wieland E, Leb G, O'Neill T, Felsenberg D, Reeve J. Measurement imprecision in vertebral morphometry of spinal radiographs obtained in the European Prospective Osteoporosis Study: Consequences for the identification of prevalent and incident deformities. Br J Radiol 1999 Oct;72(862):957-66.
Wu CY, Li J, Jergas M, Genant HK. Comparison of semiquantitative and quantitative techniques for the assessment of prevalent and incident vertebral fractures. Osteoporos Int 1995;5(5):354-70.
III. I. Ultrasound
Gluer CC, Cummings SR, Bauer DC, Stone K, Pressman A, Mathur A, Genant HK. Osteoporosis: association of recent fractures with quantitative US findings. Radiology 1996 Jun;199(3):725-32. Comment in: Radiology 1996 Jun;199(3):612-4.
Gnudi S, Gualtieri G, Malavolta N. Simultaneous densitometry and quantitative bone sonography in the estimation of osteoporotic fracture risk. Br J Radiol 1998 Jun;71(846):625-9.
Gnudi S, Malavolta N, Ripamonti C, Caudarella R. Ultrasound transmission velocity at the patella: Normative data in the italian female population. Ital J Miner Electrolyte Metab 1996;10(3-4):145-8.
Graafmans WC, Lingen Av, Ooms ME, Bezemer PD, Lips P. Ultrasound measurements in the calcaneus: Precision and its relation with bone mineral density of the heel, hip, and lumbar spine. Bone 1996;19(2):97-100.
Gregg EW, Kriska AM, Salamone LM, Roberts MM, Anderson SJ, Ferrell RE, Kuller LH, Cauley JA. The epidemiology of quantitative ultrasound: a review of the relationships with bone mass, osteoporosis and fracture risk. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(2):89-99.
Hadji P, Hars O, Bock K, Albert U, Beckmann MW, Emons G, Schulz K. Age changes of calcaneal ultrasonometry in healthy German women. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Aug;65(2):117-20.
Hadji P, Hars O, Wuster C, Bock K, Alberts US, Bohnet HG, Emons G, Schulz KD. Stiffness index identifies patients with osteoporotic fractures better than ultrasound velocity or attenuation alone. Maturitas 1999 Mar 15;31(3):221-6.
Hans D, Srivastav SK, Singal C, Barkmann R, Njeh CF, Kantorovich E, Gluer CC, Genant HK. Does combining the results from multiple bone sites measured by a new quantitative ultrasound device improve discrimination of hip fracture? J Bone Miner Res 1999 Apr;14(4):644-51.
Hausler KD, Rich PA, Barry EB. Water bath and contact methods in ultrasonic evaluation of bone. Calcif Tissue Int 1997;61(1):26-9.
Heaney RP, Avioli LV, Chesnut CH 3rd, Lappe J, Recker RR, Brandenburger GH. Ultrasound velocity, through bone predicts incident vertebral deformity. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Mar;10(3):341-5.
Hodgskinson R, Njeh CF, Whitehead MA, Langton CM. The non-linear relationship between BUA and porosity in cancellous bone. Phys Med Biol 1996 Nov;41(11):2411-20.
Howard GM, Nguyen TV, Pocock NA, Kelly PJ, Eisman JA. Influence of handedness on calcaneal ultrasound: implications for assessment of osteoporosis and study design. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(3):190-4.
Johansen A, Evans W, Stone M. Bone assessment in elderly women: What does a low bone ultrasound result tell us about bone mineral density? Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1999;28(3):239-46.
Johansen A, Stone MD. The effect of ankle oedema on bone ultrasound assessment at the heel. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(1):44-7.
Joly J, Westhovens R, Borghs H, Peeters H, Tirry J, Nijs J, Dequeker J. Reference curve and diagnostic sensitivity for a new ultrasound device for the phalanges [correction of phalanages], the DBMsonic 1200, in Belgian women. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(4):284-9.
Jorgensen HL, Hassager C. Improved reproducibility of broadband ultrasound attenuation of the os calcis by using a specific region of interest. Bone 1997 Jul;21(1):109-12.
Kann P, Schulz U, Klaus D, Piepkorn B, Beyer J. In-vivo investigation of material quality of bone tissue by measuring apparent phalangeal ultrasound transmission velocity. Clin Rheumatol 1995 Jan;14(1):26-34.
Kolthoff N, Eiken P, Barenholdt O, Nielsen SP. Ultrasound measurements of the os calcis. Side differences and prediction of bone density in 39 persons. Acta Orthop Scand 1995;66(3):278-82.
Krieg MA, Thiebaud D, Burckhardt P. Quantitative ultrasound of bone in institutionalized elderly women: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(3):189-95.
Langton CM. ZSD: a universal parameter for precision in the ultrasonic assessment of osteoporosis. Physiol Meas 1997 Feb;18(1):67-72.
Langton CM, Langton DK. Male and female normative data for ultrasound measurement of the calcaneus within the UK adult population. Br J Radiol 1997 Jun;70(834):580-5.
Langton CM, Njeh CF. Acoustic and ultrasonic tissue characterization--assessment of osteoporosis. Proc Inst Mech Eng [H] 1999;213(3):261-9.
Langton CM, Njeh CF, Hodgskinson R, Currey JD. Prediction of mechanical properties of the human calcaneus by broadband ultrasonic attenuation. Bone 1996 Jun;18(6):495-503.
Laugier P, Fournier B, Berger G. Ultrasound parametric imaging of the calcaneus: In vivo results with a new device. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;58(5):326-31.
Lee SC, Coan BS, Bouxsein ML. Tibial ultrasound velocity measured in situ predicts the material properties of tibial cortical bone. Bone 1997 Jul;21(1):119-25.
Lefebvre F, Berger G, Laugier P. Automatic detection of the boundary of the calcaneus from ultrasound parametric images using an active contour model; clinical assessment. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 1998 Feb;17(1):45-52.
Leong KH. Ultrasound of the tibia: Precision error, left versus right sides and correlation with bone mineral density. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1997 Nov;26(6):747-9.
Lochmuller EM, Eckstein F, Zeller JB, Steldinger R, Putz R. Comparison of quantitative ultrasound in the human calcaneus with mechanical failure loads of the hip and spine. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1999 Aug;14(2):125-33.
Lowet G, Van der Perre G. Ultrasound velocity measurement in long bones: Measurement method and simulation of ultrasound wave propagation. J Biomech 1996;29(10):1255-62.
Mele R, Masci G, Ventura V, De Aloysio D, Bicocchi M, Cadossi R. Three-year longitudinal study with quantitative ultrasound at the hand phalanx in a female population. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(6):550-7.
Messenger N, Scott S, McNaught-Davis P. Can the effects of exercise on bone quality be detected using the CUBA clinical ultrasound system? Br J Sports Med 1998 Jun;32(2):162-6.
Mikhail MB, Flaster E, Aloia JF. Stiffness in discrimination of patients with vertebral fractures. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(1):24-8.
Moris M, Peretz A, Tjeka R, Negaban N, Wouters M, Bergmann P. Quantitative ultrasound bone measurements: Normal values and comparison with bone mineral density by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Calcif Tissue Int 1995;57(1):6-10.
Naganathan V, March L, Hunter D, Pocock NA, Markovey J, Sambrook PN. Quantitative heel ultrasound as a predictor for osteoporosis. Med J Aust 1999 Sep 20;171(6):297-300. Comment in: Med J Aust 1999 Sep 20;171(6):295-6.
Nicholson PH, Lowet G, Langton CM, Dequeker J, Van der Perre G. A comparison of time-domain and frequency-domain approaches to ultrasonic velocity measurement in trabecular bone. Phys Med Biol 1996 Nov;41(11):2421-35.
Njeh CF, Hodgskinson R, Currey JD, Langton CM. Orthogonal relationships between ultrasonic velocity and material properties of bovine cancellous bone. Med Eng Phys 1996 Jul;18(5):373-81.
Njeh CF, Langton CM. The effect of cortical endplates on ultrasound velocity through the calcaneus: An in vitro study. Br J Radiol 1997 May;70(833):504-10.
Njeh CF, Richards A, Boivin CM, Hans D, Fuerst T, Genant HV. Factors influencing the speed of sound through the proximal phalanges. J Clin Densitom 1999 Fall;2(3):241-9.
Nogata F, Matsui K, Kagechika K, Sueyoshi Y, Tomita K. Estimation of in vivo bone mineral density (BMD) and shape characterization for diagnosing osteoporosis by ultrasonic inspection. J Biomech Eng 1999 Jun;121(3):298-303.
Orgee JM, Foster H, McCloskey EV, Khan S, Coombes G, Kanis JA. A precise method for the assessment of tibial ultrasound velocity. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(1):1-7.
Pfeifer M, Pollaehne W, Minne HW. Ultrasound analyses of the calcaneus predict relative risk of the presence of at least one vertebral fracture and reflect different physical qualities of bone in different regions of the skeleton. Horm Metab Res 1997 Feb;29(2):76-9.
Pluijm SM, Graafmans WC, Bouter LM, Lips P. Ultrasound measurements for the prediction of osteoporotic fractures in elderly people. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(6):550-6.
Pluskiewicz W, Drozdzowska B. Ultrasonic measurement of the calcaneus in Polish normal and osteoporotic women and men. Bone 1999 Jun;24(6):611-7.
Pluskiewicz W, Drozdzowska B. Ultrasound measurements of proximal phalanges in Polish early postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(6):578-83.
Pocock NA, Noakes KA, Howard GM, Nguyen TV, Kelly PJ, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA, Freund J. Screening for osteoporosis: what is the role of heel ultrasound? Med J Aust 1996 Mar 18;164(6):367-70. Comment in: Med J Aust 1996 Aug 5;165(3):174-5 and Med J Aust 1996 Aug 5;165(3):175.
Prins SH, Lauritzen J, Jorgensen HL, Simonsen L, Hassager C. Hip fracture discrimination by imaging ultrasound measurements of the calcaneus. Clin Physiol 1999 Sep;19(5):419-25.
Reginster JY, Dethor M, Pirenne H, Dewe W, Albert A. Reproducibility and diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasonometry of the phalanges to assess osteoporosis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1998 Oct;63(1):21-8.
Rosenthall L. Selective supplementation of calcaneal ultrasound densitometry with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the spine and femur for population screening. Can Assoc Radiol J 1997 Feb;48(1):38-41.
Rosenthall L, Caminis J, Tenehouse A. Calcaneal ultrasonometry: response to treatment in comparison with dual x-ray absorptiometry measurements of the lumbar spine and femur. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Mar;64(3):200-4.
Roux C, Fournier B, Laugier P, Chappard C, Kolta S, Dougados M, Berger G. Broadband ultrasound attenuation imaging: a new imaging method in osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1996 Aug;11(8):1112-8.
Sakata S, Kushida K, Yamazaki K, Inoue T. Ultrasound bone densitometry of os calcis in elderly Japanese women with hip fracture. Calcif Tissue Int 1997;60(1):2-7.
Serpe L, Rho JY. The nonlinear transition period of broadband ultrasound attenuation as bone density varies. J Biomech 1996;29(7):963-6.
Sili Scavalli A, Marini M, Spadaro A, Messineo D, Cremona A, Sensi F, Riccieri V, Taccari E. Ultrasound transmission velocity of the proximal phalanxes of the non-dominant hand in the study of osteoporosis. Clin Rheumatol 1997 Jun;16(4):396-403.
Soballa T, Wuster C, Schlegel J, Cadossi R, Isani R, Battista S, Heilmann P, Ziegler R. Ultrasound transmission speed and ultrasound bone profile score (UBPS) of the phalanges in normal women and women with osteoporosis. Horm Metab Res 1998 Aug;30(8):536-41.
Stegman MR, Heaney RP, Travers-Gustafson D, Leist J. Cortical ultrasound velocity as an indicator of bone status. Osteoporos Int 1995;5(5):349-53.
Strelitzki R, Clarke AJ, Truscott JG, Evans JA. Ultrasonic measurement: an evaluation of three heel bone scanners compared with a bench-top system. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(6):471-9.
Strelitzki R, Evans JA. An investigation of the measurement of broadband ultrasonic attenuation in trabecular bone. Ultrasonics 1996 Dec;34(8):785-91.
Strelitzki R, Evans JA. On the measurement of the velocity of ultrasound in the os calcis using short pulses. Eur J Ultrasound 1996;4(3):205-13.
Strelitzki R, Nicholson PH, Evans JA. Low-frequency ultrasonic velocity measurements in human calcaneal trabecular bone. Physiol Meas 1997 May;18(2):119-27.
Strelitzki R, Nicholson PH, Paech V. A model for ultrasonic scattering in cancellous bone based on velocity fluctuations in a binary mixture. Physiol Meas 1998 May;19(2):189-96.
Strelitzki R, Truscott JG. Broadband ultrasound attenuation in the os calcis and its dependence on the receiver aperture size. Med Eng Phys 1998;20(2):132-8.
Thompson P, Taylor J, Fisher A, Oliver R. Quantitative heel ultrasound in 3180 women between 45 and 75 years of age: compliance, normal ranges and relationship to fracture history. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(3):211-4.
Tirafili C, Romagnoli E, Pellegrino C, Costa G, Ombricolo E, Marciano M, Caravella P, Rosso R, Minisola S, Mazzuoli GF. Age- and menopause-related changes in speed of sound and ultrasound attenuation of the os calcis in a healthy Italian female population. Aging Clin Exp Res 1997;9(6):404-7.
Turner CH, Peacock M, Timmerman L, Neal JM, Johnson CC Jr. Calcaneal ultrasonic measurements discriminate hip fracture independently of bone mass. Osteoporos Int 1995 Mar;5(2):130-5.
van Daele PL, Burger H, De Laet CE, Hofman A, Grobbee DE, Birkenhager JC, Pols HA. Longitudinal changes in ultrasound parameters of the calcaneus. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(3):207-12.
Varila E, Sievanen H, Vuori I, Oksanen H, Punnonen R. Limited value of ultrasound measured skin thickness in predicting bone mineral density in peri- and postmenopausal women. Maturitas 1995;21(1):45-9.
Ventura V, Mauloni M, Mura M, Paltrinieri F, de Aloysio D. Ultrasound velocity changes at the proximal phalanxes of the hand in pre-, peri- and postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(5):368-75.
Wang SF, Chang CY, Shih C, Teng MM. Evaluation of tibial cortical bone by ultrasound velocity in oriental females. Br J Radiol 1997 Nov;70(839):1126-30.
Wear KA, Garra BS. Assessment of bone density using ultrasonic backscatter. Ultrasound Med Biol 1998;24(5):689-95.
Wu CY, Gluer CC, Jergas M, Bendavid E, Genant HK. The impact of bone size on broadband ultrasound attenuation. Bone 1995 Jan;16(1):137-41.
Yamamoto A, Kishimoto H, Katagiri H. Clinical and experimental studies of quantitative ultrasound measurement in the os calcis: Prevalence and incidence of vertebral fracture. J Ortop Sci 1997;2(2):64-74.
Yeap SS, Pearson D, Cawte SA, Hosking DJ. The relationship between bone mineral density and ultrasound in postmenopausal and osteoporotic women. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(2):141-6.
Zerwekh JE, Antich PP, Mehta S, Sakhaee K, Gottschalk F, Pak CY. Reflection ultrasound velocities and histomorphometric and connectivity analyses: correlations and effect of slow-release sodium fluoride. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Dec;12(12):2068-75.
IV. Therapy (Treatment and Prevention)
IV. A. General
Adami S, Ortolani S, Wasnich R. Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1995 Mar;5(2):75-8.
Castelo-Branco C, Pons F, Vicente JJ, Sanjuan A, Vanrell JA. Preventing postmenopausal bone loss with ossein-hydroxyapatite compounds. Results of a two-year, prospective trial. J Reprod Med 1999 Jul;44(7):601-5.
Dawson-Hughes B. Vitamin D and calcium: recommended intake for bone health. Osteoporos Int 1998;8 Suppl 2:S30-4.
Eastell R. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1998 Mar 12;338(11):736-46. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1998 Jul 16;339(3):202; discussion 203.
Fluoride and bone: a second look. No use in osteoporosis. Prescrire Int 1998 Aug;7(36):110-1.
Wasnich RD, Davis JW, He YF, Petrovich H, Ross PD. A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial of chlorthalidone and bone loss in elderly women. Osteoporos Int 1995;5(4):247-51.
IV. B. Clinical Trial Methodology
Cranney A, Tugwell P, Cummings S, Sambrook P, Adachi J, Silman AJ, Gillespie WJ, Felson DT, Shea B, Wells G. Osteoporosis clinical trials endpoints: candidate variables and clinimetric properties. J Rheumatol 1997 Jun;24(6):1222-9.
Cranney A, Tugwell P, Shea B, Wells G. Implications of OMERACT outcomes in arthritis and osteoporosis for cochrane metaanalysis. J Rheumatol 1997 Jun;24(6):1206-7.
Cranney A, Welch V, Tugwell P, Wells G, Adachi JD, McGowan J, Shea B. Responsiveness of endpoints in osteoporosis clinical trials--an update. J Rheumatol 1999 Jan;26(1):222-8.
Gullberg B. Design and statistical problems in prevention. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 1996;103:108-10.
Oppenheimer L, Kher U. The impact of measurement error on the comparison of two treatments using a responder analysis. Stat Med 1999 Aug 30;18(16):2177-88.
Purser JL, Pieper CF, Duncan PW, Gold DT, McConnell ES, Schenkman MS, Morey MC, Branch LG. Reliability of physical performance tests in four different randomized clinical trials. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999;80(5):557-61.
Seeman E. Osteoporosis: trials and tribulations. Am J Med 1997 Aug 18;103(2A):74S-87S; discussion 87S-89S.
Todd S. Sequential designs for monitoring two endpoints in a clinical trial. Drug Inf J 1999;33(2):417-26.
Torgerson DJ, Ryan M, Ratcliffe J. Economics in sample size determination for clinical trials. QJM 1995 Jul;88(7):517-21.
Townsend J, Buxton M. Cost effectiveness scenario analysis for a proposed trial of hormone replacement therapy. Health Policy 1997;39(3):181-94.
Wells G, Cranney A, Shea B, Tugwell P. Responsiveness of endpoints in osteoporosis clinical trials. J Rheumatol 1997 Jun;24(6):1230-3.
Windeler J, Lange S. Events per person year--a dubious concept. BMJ 1995 Feb 18;310(6977):454-6. Comment in: BMJ 1995 Jun 3;310(6992):1469; BMJ 1995 Jun 3;310(6992):1469-70 and BMJ 1995 Jun 3;310(6992):1470.
IV. C. Combination Therapies
Akesson K, Lau KH, Baylink DJ. Rationale for active vitamin D analog therapy in senile osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Jan;60(1):100-5.
Bolanca S, Korsic M, Dekanic D, Cvijetic S. Effects of combined treatment with etidronate, nandrolone-decanoate and calcium on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Acta Med Croatica 1998;52(3):159-63.
Castelo-Branco C, Martinez de Osaba MJ, Pons F, Casals E, Sanjuan A, Vicente JJ, Vanrell JA. Ossein-hydroxyapatite compounds for preventing postmenopausal bone loss. Coadjuvant use with hormone replacement therapy. J Reprod Med 1999 Mar;44(3):241-6.
Cosman F, Nieves J, Woelfert L, Shen V, Lindsay R. Alendronate does not block the anabolic effect of PTH in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Jun;13(6):1051-5.
Davis JW, Ross PD, Johnson NE, Wasnich RD. Estrogen and calcium supplement use among Japanese-American women: effects upon bone loss when used singly and in combination. Bone 1995 Oct;17(4):369-73.
Erdtsieck RJ, Pols HA, Valk NK, van Ouwerkerk BM, Lamberts SW, Mulder P, Birkenhager JC. Treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis with a combination of growth hormone and pamidronate: a placebo controlled trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1995 Nov;43(5):557-65.
Frediani B, Allegri A, Bisogno S, Marcolongo R. Effects of combined treatment with calcitriol plus alendronate on bone mass and bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporosis: Two years of continuous treatment. Clin Drug Invest 1998;15(3):235-44.
Gonnelli S, Cepollaro C, Montomoli M, Gennari L, Montagnani A, Palmieri R, Gennari C. Treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis with recombinant human growth hormone and salmon calcitonin: a placebo controlled study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1997 Jan;46(1):55-61.
Gorai I, Chaki O, Taguchi Y, Nakayama M, Osada H, Suzuki N, Katagiri N, Misu Y, Minaguchi H. Early postmenopausal bone loss is prevented by estrogen and partially by 1alpha-OH-vitamin D3: therapeutic effects of estrogen and/or 1alpha-OH-vitamin D3. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Jul;65(1):16-22.
Hodsman AB, Fraher LJ, Watson PH, Ostbye T, Stitt LW, Adachi JD, Taves DH, Drost D. A randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of cyclical parathyroid hormone versus cyclical parathyroid hormone and sequential calcitonin to improve bone mass in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997 Feb;82(2):620-8.
Holloway L, Kohlmeier L, Kent K, Marcus R. Skeletal effects of cyclic recombinant human growth hormone and salmon calcitonin in osteopenic postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82(4):1111-7.
Komulainen M, Kroger H, Tuppurainen MT, Heikkinen AM, Alhava E, Honkanen R, Jurvelin J, Saarikoski S. Prevention of femoral and lumbar bone loss with hormone replacement therapy and vitamin D3 in early postmenopausal women: a population-based 5-year randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999 Feb;84(2):546-52.
Komulainen M, Tuppurainen MT, Kroger H, Heikkinen AM, Puntila E, Alhava E, Honkanen R, Saarikoski S. Vitamin D and HRT: no benefit additional to that of HRT alone in prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women. A 2.5-year randomized placebo-controlled study. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(2):126-32.
Komulainen MH, Kroger H, Tuppurainen MT, Heikkinen AM, Alhava E, Honkanen R, Saarikoski S. HRT and Vit D in prevention of non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women; A 5 year randomized trial. Maturitas 1998;31(1):45-54.
Lems WF, Jacobs JW, Bijlsma JW, van Veen GJ, Houben HH, Haanen HC, Gerrits MI, van Rijn HJ. Is addition of sodium fluoride to cyclical etidronate beneficial in the treatment of corticosteroid induced osteoporosis? Ann Rheum Dis 1997 Jun;56(6):357-63.
Lindsay R, Cosman F, Lobo RA, Walsh BW, Harris ST, Reagan JE, Liss CL, Melton ME, Byrnes CA. Addition of alendronate to ongoing hormone replacement therapy in the treatment of osteoporosis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999 Sep;84(9):3076-81.
Masud T, Mulcahy B, Thompson AV, Donnelly S, Keen RW, Doyle DV, Spector TD. Effects of cyclical etidronate combined with calcitriol versus cyclical etidronate alone on spine and femoral neck bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Ann Rheum Dis 1998 Jun;57(6):346-9.
Montessori ML, Scheele WH, Netelenbos JC, Kerkhoff JF, Bakker K. The use of etidronate and calcium versus calcium alone in the treatment of postmenopausal osteopenia: results of three years of treatment. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(1):52-8.
Nozaki M, Hashimoto K, Inoue Y, Ogata R, Okuma A, Nakano H. Treatment of bone loss in oophorectomized women with a combination of ipriflavone and conjugated equine estrogen. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1998 Jul;62(1):69-75.
Prince R, Devine A, Dick I, Criddle A, Kerr D, Kent N, Price R, Randell A. The effects of calcium supplementation (milk powder or tablets) and exercise on bone density in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Jul;10(7):1068-75.
Reginster JY, Asnusdei D, Gennari C, Kicovic PM. Association of tibolone and fluoride displays a pronounced effect on bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Gynecol Endocrinol 1999;13(5):361-8.
Shiota E. Evaluation of the drug therapy for established osteoporosis by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 1998 Jun;89(6):172-8.
Suleiman S, Nelson M, Li F, Buxton-Thomas M, Moniz C. Effect of calcium intake and physical activity level on bone mass and turnover in healthy, white, postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1997 Oct;66(4):937-43.
Ushiroyama T, Okamura S, Ikeda A, Ueki M. Efficacy of ipriflavone and 1 alpha vitamin D therapy for the cessation of vertebral bone loss. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1995 Mar;48(3):283-8.
IV. D. Comparison of Therapies
Adami S, Passeri M, Ortolani S, Broggini M, Carratelli L, Caruso I, Gandolini G, Gnessi L, Laurenzi M, Lombardi A, et al. Effects of oral alendronate and intranasal salmon calcitonin on bone mass and biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Bone 1995 Oct;17(4):383-90.
Agnusdei D, Gennari C, Bufalino L. Prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss using low doses of conjugated estrogens and the non-hormonal, bone-active drug ipriflavone. Osteoporos Int 1995;5(6):462-6.
Barrett-Connor E, Wenger NK, Grady D, Mosca L, Collins P, Kornitzer M, Cox DA, Moscarelli E, Anderson PW. Hormone and nonhormone therapy for the maintenance of postmenopausal health: the need for randomized controlled trials of estrogen and raloxifene. J Womens Health 1998 Sep;7(7):839-47.
Cardona JM, Pastor E. Calcitonin versus etidronate for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a meta-analysis of published clinical trials. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(3):165-74.
Cecchettin M, Bellometti S, Cremonesi G, Solimeno LP, Torri G. Metabolic and bone effects after administration of ipriflavone and salmon calcitonin in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 1995;49(10):465-8.
Col NF, Pauker SG, Goldberg RJ, Eckman MH, Orr RK, Ross EM, Wong JB. Individualizing therapy to prevent long-term consequences of estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med 1999 Jul 12;159(13):1458-66.
Filipponi P, Pedetti M, Fedeli L, Cini L, Palumbo R, Boldrini S, Massoni C, Cristallini S. Cyclical clodronate is effective in preventing postmenopausal bone loss: a comparative study with transcutaneous hormone replacement therapy. J Bone Miner Res 1995 May;10(5):697-703.
Flicker L, Hopper JL, Larkins RG, Lichtenstein M, Buirski G, Wark JD. Nandrolone decanoate and intranasal calcitonin as therapy in established osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(1):29-35.
Gurlek A, Bayraktar M, Gedik O. Comparison of calcitriol treatment with etidronate-calcitriol and calcitonin-calcitriol combinations in Turkish women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a prospective study. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Jul;61(1):39-43.
Heaney RP, Draper MW. Raloxifene and estrogen: comparative bone-remodeling kinetics. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997 Oct;82(10):3425-9.
Herrera JA, Sarabia MO, Gonzalez MM. Effects of treatment with bisphosphonates on gastrointestinal and esophageal mucosa in patients with osteoporosis: Pamidronate versus alendronate. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1999;60(6):307-13.
Itoi H, Minakami H, Sato I. Comparison of the long-term effects of oral estriol with the effects of conjugated estrogen, 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin dinf 3 and calcium lactate on vertebral bone loss in early menopausal women. Maturitas 1997;28(1):11-7.
Iwamoto I, Kosha S, Noguchi S, Murakami M, Fujino T, Douchi T, Nagata Y. A longitudinal study of the effect of vitamin K2 on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a comparative study with vitamin D3 and estrogen-progestin therapy. Maturitas 1999 Jan 4;31(2):161-4.
Luisetto G, Bottega F, Zangari M, Tizian L, Scalella P, Pozzuoli A. Effects of three therapeutic regimens on postmenopausal bone loss in oophorectomized women. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1996;57(11):839-48.
Meunier PJ. Evidence-based medicine and osteoporosis: a comparison of fracture risk reduction data from osteoporosis randomised clinical trials. Int J Clin Pract 1999 Mar;53(2):122-9.
Perez-Jaraiz MD, Revilla M, Alvarez de los Heros JI, Villa LF, Rico H. Prophylaxis of osteoporosis with calcium, estrogens and/or eelcatonin: comparative longitudinal study of bone mass. Maturitas 1996 Apr;23(3):327-32.
Shiraki M, Kushida K, Fukunaga M, Kishimoto H, Taga M, Nakamura T, Kaneda K, Minaguchi H, Inoue T, Morii H, Tomita A, Yamamoto K, Nagata Y, Nakashima M, Orimo H. A double-masked multicenter comparative study between alendronate and alfacalcidol in Japanese patients with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1999;10(3):183-92.
Sili Scavalli A, Marini M, Spadaro A, Riccieri V, Cremona A, Zoppini A. Comparison of ultrasound transmission velocity with computed metacarpal radiogrammetry and dual-photon absorptiometry. Eur Radiol 1996;6(2):192-5.
Thiebaud D, Bigler JM, Renteria S, Pache T, Welti HJ, Landry M, Bruckhardt P. A 3-year study of prevention of postmenopausal bone loss: Conjugated equine estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate versus tibolone. J Menopause 1999;6 Suppl 1:19-26.
IV. E. Bisphosphonates
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Beauchesne MF, Miller PF. Etidronate and alendronate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Ann Pharmacother 1999 May;33(5):587-99.
Bettica P, Bevilacqua M, Vago T, Masino M, Cucinotta E, Norbiato G. Short-term variations in bone remodeling biochemical markers: Cyclical etidronate and alendronate effects compared. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82(9):3034-9.
Black DM, Cummings SR, Karpf DB, Cauley JA, Thompson DE, Nevitt MC, Bauer DC, Genant HK, Haskell WL, Marcus R, Ott SM, Torner JC, Quandt SA, Reiss TF, Ensrud KE. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. Lancet 1996 Dec 7;348(9041):1535-41. Comment in: Lancet 1997 Feb 15;349(9050):505-6 and ACP J Club 1997 May-Jun;126(3):73.
Bone HG, Downs RW Jr, Tucci JR, Harris ST, Weinstein RS, Licata AA, McClung MR, Kimmel DB, Gertz BJ, Hale E, Polvino WJ. Dose-response relationships for alendronate treatment in osteoporotic elderly women. Alendronate Elderly Osteoporosis Study Centers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997 Jan;82(1):265-74.
Chappard D, Minaire P, Privat C, Berard E, Mendoza-Sarmiento J, Tournebise H, Basle MF, Audran M, Rebel A, Picot C, et al. Effects of tiludronate on bone loss in paraplegic patients. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Jan;10(1):112-8.
Chesnut CH 3rd, McClung MR, Ensrud KE, Bell NH, Genant HK, Harris ST, Singer FR, Stock JL, Yood RA, Delmas PD, et al. Alendronate treatment of the postmenopausal osteoporotic woman: effect of multiple dosages on bone mass and bone remodeling. Am J Med 1995 Aug;99(2):144-52.
Clemmesen B, Ravn P, Zegels B, Taquet AN, Christiansen C, Reginster JY. A 2-year phase II study with 1-year of follow-up of risedronate (NE-58095) in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(5):488-95.
Cummings SR, Black DM, Thompson DE, Applegate WB, Barrett-Connor E, Musliner TA, Palermo L, Prineas R, Rubin SM, Scott JC, Vogt T, Wallace R, Yates AJ, LaCroix AZ. Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. JAMA 1998 Dec 23-30;280(24):2077-82. Comment in: JAMA 1998 Dec 23-30;280(24):2119-20 and JAMA 1999 Jul 21;282(3):231.
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de Groen PC, Lubbe DF, Hirsch LJ, Daifotis A, Stephenson W, Freedholm D, Pryor-Tillotson S, Seleznick MJ, Pinkas H, Wang KK. Esophagitis associated with the use of alendronate. N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 3;335(14):1016-21. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 3;335(14):1058-9; N Engl J Med 1996 Oct 3;335(14):1069-70.
Devogelaer JP, Broll H, Correa-Rotter R, Cumming DC, De Deuxchaisnes CN, Geusens P, Hosking D, Jaeger P, Kaufman JM, Leite M, Leon J, Liberman U, Menkes CJ, Meunier PJ, Reid I, Rodriguez J, Romanowicz A, Seeman E, Vermeulen A, Hirsch LJ, Lombardi A, Plezia K, Santora AC, Yates AJ, Yuan W. Oral alendronate induces progressive increases in bone mass of the spine, hip, and total body over 3 years in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Bone 1996 Feb;18(2):141-50. Published erratum appears in Bone 1996 Jul;19(1):78.
Devogelaer JP, Nagant de Deuxchaisnes C. Use of pamidronate in chronic and acute bone loss conditions. Medicina (B Aires) 1997;57 Suppl 1:101-8.
Ebetino FH, Francis MD, Rogers MJ, Russell RG. Mechanisms of action of etidronate and other bisphosphonates. Rev Contemp Pharmacother 1998;9(4):233-43.
Eggelmeijer F, Papapoulos SE, Van Paassen Henk C, Dijkmans BA, Valkema R, Westedt ML, Landman JO, Pauwels EK, Breedveld FC. Increased bone mass with pamidronate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39(3):396-402.
Ensrud KE, Black DM, Palermo L, Bauer DC, Barrett-Connor E, Quandt SA, Thompson DE, Karpf DB. Treatment with alendronate prevents fractures in women at highest risk: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. Arch Intern Med 1997 Dec 8-22;157(22):2617-24. Comment in: Arch Intern Med 1997 Dec 8-22;157(22):2545-6.
Ensrud KE, Black DM, Palermo L, Cumming RG. Alendronate reduced new fractures in postmenopausal women who had low bone-mineral density and existing vertebral fractures. Evid Based Med 1998;3(4):119.
Ettinger B, Pressman A, Schein J. Clinic visits and hospital admissions for care of acid-related upper gastrointestinal disorders in women using alendronate for osteoporosis. Am J Manag Care 1998;4(10):1377-82.
Fairney A, Kyd P, Thomas E, Wilson J. The use of cyclical etidronate in osteoporosis: changes after completion of 3 years treatment. Br J Rheumatol 1998 Jan;37(1):51-6.
Felsenberg D, Alenfeld F, Bock O, Hammermeister C, Gowan W. Placebo-controlled multicenter study of oral alendronate in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. FOSIT-Study-Group. Fosamax International Trial. Maturitas 1998 Nov 30;31(1):35-44.
Filipponi P, Cristallini S, Rizzello E, Policani G, Fedeli L, Gregorio F, Boldrini S, Troiani S, Massoni F. Cyclical intravenous clodronate in postmenopausal osteoporosis: Results of a long-term clinical trial. Bone 1996;18(2):179-84.
Fleisch H. Bisphosphonates: Mechanisms of action. Endocr Rev 1998;19(1):80-100.
Gangji V, Appelboom T. Analgesic effect of intravenous pamidronate on chronic back pain due to osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Clin Rheumatol 1999;18(3):266-7.
Geusens P, Dequeker J, Vanhoof J, Stalmans R, Boonen S, Joly J, Nijs J, Raus J. Cyclical etidronate increases bone density in the spine and hip of postmenopausal women receiving long term corticosteroid treatment. A double blind, randomised placebo controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis 1998 Dec;57(12):724-7.
Giannini S, D'Angelo A, Sartori L, Passeri G, Dalle Carbonare L, Crepaldi G. Continuous and cyclical clodronate therapies and bone density in postmenopausal bone loss. Obstet Gynecol 1996 Sep;88(3):431-6.
Gonnelli S, Cepollaro C, Pondrelli C, Martini S, Montagnani A, Monaco R, Gennari C. Bone turnover and the response to alendronate treatment in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1999;65(5):359-64.
Harris ST, Watts NB, Genant HK, McKeever CD, Hangartner T, Keller M, Chesnut CH 3rd, Brown J, Eriksen EF, Hoseyni MS, Axelrod DW, Miller PD. Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. Vertebral Efficacy With Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. JAMA 1999 Oct 13;282(14):1344-52.
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Heikkinen JE, Selander KS, Laitinen K, Arnala I, Vaananen HK. Short-term intravenous bisphosphonates in prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Jan;12(1):103-10.
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Hochberg MC, Ross PD, Black D, Cummings SR, Genant HK, Nevitt MC, Barrett-Connor E, Musliner T, Thompson D. Larger increases in bone mineral density during alendronate therapy are associated with a lower risk of new vertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. Arthritis Rheum 1999 Jun;42(6):1246-54.
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Hosking D, Chilvers CE, Christiansen C, Ravn P, Wasnich R, Ross P, McClung M, Balske A, Thompson D, Daley M, Yates AJ. Prevention of bone loss with alendronate in postmenopausal women under 60 years of age. Early Postmenopausal Intervention Cohort Study Group. N Engl J Med 1998 Feb 19;338(8):485-92.
Jenkins EA, Walker-Bone KE, Wood A, McCrae FC, Cooper C, Cawley MI. The prevention of corticosteroid-induced bone loss with intermittent cyclical etidronate. Scand J Rheumatol 1999;28(3):152-6.
Karpf DB, Shapiro DR, Seeman E, Ensrud KE, Johnston CC Jr, Adami S, Harris ST, Santora AC 2nd, Hirsch LJ, Oppenheimer L, Thompson D. Prevention of nonvertebral fractures by alendronate. A meta-analysis. Alendronate Osteoporosis Treatment Study Groups. JAMA 1997 Apr 9;277(14):1159-64. Comment in: JAMA 1997 Aug 27;278(8):631; discussion 631-2.
Khan SA, Kanis JA, Vasikaran S, Kline WF, Matuszewski BK, McCloskey EV, Beneton MN, Gertz BJ, Sciberras DG, Holland SD, Orgee J, Coombes GM, Rogers SR, Porras AG. Elimination and biochemical responses to intravenous alendronate in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Oct;12(10):1700-7.
Koster JC, Hackeng WH, Mulder H. Diminished effect of etidronate in vitamin D deficient osteopenic postmenopausal women. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1996;51(2):145-7.
Landman JO, Hamdy NA, Pauwels EK, Papapoulos SE. Skeletal metabolism in patients with osteoporosis after discontinuation of long-term treatment with oral pamidronate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 Dec;80(12):3465-8.
Landman JO, Papapoulos SE. Uninterrupted oral bisphosphonate (pamidronate) therapy of patients with osteoporosis is not associated with chronic stimulation of parathyroid hormone secretion. Osteoporos Int 1995 Mar;5(2):93-6.
Landman JO, Schweitzer DH, Frolich M, Hamdy NA, Papapoulos SE. Recovery of serum calcium concentrations following acute hypocalcemia in patients with osteoporosis on long-term oral therapy with the bisphosphonate pamidronate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 Feb;80(2):524-8.
Lees B, Garland SW, Walton C, Ross D, Whitehead MI, Stevenson JC. Role of oral pamidronate in preventing bone loss in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(6):480-5.
Liberman UA, Weiss SR, Broll J, Minne HW, Quan H, Bell NH, Rodriguez-Portales J, Downs RW Jr, Dequeker J, Favus M. Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. The Alendronate Phase III Osteoporosis Treatment Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995 Nov 30;333(22):1437-43. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1995 Nov 30;333(22):1495-6; N Engl J Med 1996 Mar 14;334(11):733-4; discussion 734-5; N Engl J Med 1996 Mar 14;334(11):734; discussion 734-5 and ACP J Club 1996 Mar-Apr;124(2):33.
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Mackay FJ, Wilton LV, Pearce GL, Freemantle SN, Mann RD. United Kingdom experience with alendronate and oesophageal reactions. Br J Gen Pract 1998 Apr;48(429):1161-2.
McClung M. Results of special studies with alendronate. Int J Clin Pract Suppl 1999;-(101):67-72.
McClung M, Clemmesen B, Daifotis A, Gilchrist NL, Eisman J, Weinstein RS, Fuleihan G el-H, Reda C, Yates AJ, Ravn P. Alendronate prevents postmenopausal bone loss in women without osteoporosis. A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Alendronate Osteoporosis Prevention Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1998 Feb 15;128(4):253-61. Comment in: Ann Intern Med 1998 Feb 15;128(4):313-4.
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Miller PD, Watts NB, Licata AA, Harris ST, Genant HK, Wasnich RD, Ross PD, Jackson RD, Hoseyni MS, Schoenfeld SL, Valent DJ, Chesnut CH 3rd. Cyclical etidronate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: efficacy and safety after seven years of treatment. Am J Med 1997 Dec;103(6):468-76. Published erratum appears in m J Med 1998 Jun;104(6):608.
Mitchell DY, Heise MA, Pallone KA, Clay ME, Nesbitt JD, Russell DA, Melson CW. The effect of dosing regimen on the pharmacokinetics of risedronate. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999;48(4):536-42.
Mortensen L, Charles P, Bekker PJ, Digennaro J, Johnston CC Jr. Risedronate increases bone mass in an early postmenopausal population: two years of treatment plus one year of follow-up. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Feb;83(2):396-402.
Orr-Walker B, Wattie DJ, Evans MC, Reid IR. Effects of prolonged bisphosphonate therapy and its discontinuation on bone mineral density in post-menopausal osteoporosis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1997 Jan;46(1):87-92.
Paparella P, Giorgino R, Mancuso S. Oral continuous clodronate in the prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1995;56(2):134-43.
Paterson AH, Kanis JA, Powles TJ, McCloskey E, Hanson J, Ashley S. Role of bisphosphonates in prevention and treatment of bone metastases from breast cancer. Can J Oncol 1995 Dec;5 Suppl 1:54-7.
Pecherstorfer M, Ludwig H, Schlosser K, Buck S, Huss HJ, Body JJ. Administration of the bisphosphonate ibandronate (BM 21.0955) by intravenous bolus injection. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11(5):587-93.
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Pols HA, Felsenberg D, Hanley DA, Stepan J, Munoz-Torres M, Wilkin TJ, Qin-sheng G, Galich AM, Vandormael K, Yates AJ, Stych B. Multinational, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of the effects of alendronate on bone density and fracture risk in postmenopausal women with low bone mass: results of the FOSIT study. Foxamax International Trial Study Group. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(5):461-8.
Pouilles JM, Tremollieres F, Roux C, Sebert JL, Alexandre C, Goldberg D, Treves R, Khalifa P, Duntze P, Horlait S, Delmas P, Kuntz D. Effects of cyclical etidronate therapy on bone loss in early postmenopausal women who are not undergoing hormonal replacement therapy. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(3):213-8.
Ravn P, Clemmesen B, Riis BJ, Christiansen C. The effect on bone mass and bone markers of different doses of ibandronate: a new bisphosphonate for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a 1-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-finding study. Bone 1996 Nov;19(5):527-33.
Rossini M, Braga V, Gatti D, Gerardi D, Zamberlan N, Adami S. Intramuscular clodronate therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone 1999 Feb;24(2):125-9.
Sairanen S, Tahtela R, Laitinen K, Loyttyniemi E, Valimaki MJ. Effects of short-term treatment with clodronate on parameters of bone metabolism and their diurnal variation. Calcif Tissue Int 1997;60(2):160-3.
Sebaldt RJ, Ioannidis G, Adachi JD, Bensen WG, Bianchi F, Cividino A, Gordon M, Kaminska E, Scocchia T, Petrie A, Stephenson GF, Goldsmith CH. 36 month intermittent cyclical etidronate treatment in patients with established corticosteroid induced osteoporosis. J Rheumatol 1999;26(7):1545-9.
Shiraki M, Kushida K, Fukunaga M, Kishimoto H, Kaneda K, Minaguchi H, Inoue T, Tomita A, Nagata Y, Nakashima M, Orimo H. A placebo-controlled, single-blind study to determine the appropriate alendronate dosage in postmenopausal Japanese patients with osteoporosis. The Alendronate Research Group. Endocr J 1998 Apr;45(2):191-201.
Spivacow FR, Zanchetta JR, Kerzberg EM, Frigeri A, Fiasche R, Roldan EJA. Tolerability of oral pamidronate in elderly patients with osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1996;57(2):123-30.
Stock JL, Bell NH, Chesnut CH 3rd, Ensrud KE, Genant HK, Harris ST, McClung MR, Singer FR, Yood RA, Pryor-Tillotson S, Wei L, Santora AC 2nd. Increments in bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and hip and suppression of bone turnover are maintained after discontinuation of alendronate in postmenopausal women. Am J Med 1997 Oct;103(4):291-7.
Storm T, Kollerup G, Thamsborg G, Genant HK, Sorensen OH. Five years of clinical experience with intermittent cyclical etidronate for postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Rheumatol 1996 Sep;23(9):1560-4.
Thiebaud D, Burckhardt P, Kriegbaum H, Huss H, Mulder H, Juttmann JR, Schoter KH. Three monthly intravenous injections of ibandronate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Am J Med 1997 Oct;103(4):298-307.
Thomas T, Barou O, Vico L, Alexandre C, Lafage-Proust MH. Recurrence of vertebral fracture with cyclical etidronate therapy in osteoporosis: histomorphometry and X-Ray microanalysis evaluation. J Bone Miner Res 1999 Feb;14(2):198-205.
Tsai KS, Hsu SH, Yang RS, Cheng WC, Chieng PU. The effectiveness of cyclic and continuous oral clodronate therapy on bone density and markers in osteopenic postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 May;64(5):384-8.
Tucci JR, Tonino RP, Emkey RD, Peverly CA, Kher U, Santora AC 2nd. Effect of three years of oral alendronate treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Am J Med 1996 Nov;101(5):488-501.
van Staa T, Abenhaim L, Cooper C. Upper gastrointestinal adverse events and cyclical etidronate. Am J Med 1997 Dec;103(6):462-7.
Van Staa TP, Abenhaim L, Cooper C. Use of cyclical etidronate and prevention of non-vertebral fractures. Br J Rheumatol 1998 Jan;37(1):87-94.
van Staa TP, Leufkens H, Abenhaim L, Cooper C. Postmarketing surveillance of the safety of cyclic etidronate. Pharmacotherapy 1998 Sep-Oct;18(5):1121-8.
Vasikaran SD, Khan S, McCloskey EV, Kanis JA. Sustained response to intravenous alendronate in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone 1995 Dec;17(6):517-20.
Wasnich RD, Ross PD, Thompson DE, Cizza G, Yates AJ. Skeletal benefits of two years of alendronate treatment are similar for early postmenopausal Asian and Caucasian women. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(5):455-60.
Watts NB, Becker P. Alendronate increases spine and hip bone mineral density in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis who failed to respond to intermittent cyclical etidronate. Bone 1999 Jan;24(1):65-8.
Why use calcitonin? New indication: no proven utility in the treatment of osteoporosis. Prescrire Int 1998 Feb;7(33):7-9.
Yang TS, Tsan SH, Chen CR, Chang SP, Yuan CC. Effects of alendronate on bone turnover markers in early postmenopausal women. Chin Med J Taipei 1998;61(10):568-76.
Zanchetta JR, Plotkin H, Roldan EJA. Mineral density gain in vertebrae of osteoporotic women on oral pamidronate reverts a year after treatment discontinuance. Calcif Tissue Int 1996 Jul;59(1):70-2.
IV. F. Calcitonin
Arnala I, Saastamoinen J, Alhava EM. Salmon calcitonin in the prevention of bone loss at perimenopause. Bone 1996 Jun;18(6):629-32.
Avioli LV. The role of calcitonin in the prevention of osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1998 Jun;27(2):411-8.
Combe B, Cohen C, Aubin F. Equivalence of nasal spray and subcutaneous formulations of salmon calcitonin. Calcif Tissue Int 1997;61(1):10-5.
Crespo R, Revilla M, Crespo E, Villa LF, Rico H. Complementary medical treatment for Colles' fracture: a comparative, randomized, longitudinal study. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Jun;60(6):567-70.
De Aloysio D, Pansini F, Campobasso C, Zanotti L, Abbruzzese AD, Mauloni M, Bottiglioni F. Effects of cyclic therapy with intranasal carbocalcitonin in healthy spontaneous postmenopausal women. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 1996;23(2):87-93.
Ellerington MC, Hillard TC, Whitcroft SI, Marsh MS, Lees B, Banks LM, Whitehead MI, Stevenson JC. Intranasal salmon calcitonin for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1996 Jul;59(1):6-11.
Escobar Jimenez F, Aranburu Albizuri JM, Almirall Alier JM, Molina Soto JJ, Gracia Canales A. Effectiveness and safety of medium- and long-term elcatonin use in the prevention and treatment of bone mass loss. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1995;56(4):385-99.
Foti R, Martorana U, Broggini M. Long-term tolerability of nasal spray formulation of salmon calcitonin. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1995;56(4):429-35.
Gonnelli S, Cepollaro C, Pondrelli C, Martini S, Rossi S, Gennari C. Ultrasound parameters in osteoporotic patients treated with salmon calcitonin: a longitudinal study. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(4):303-7.
Grigoriou O, Papoulias I, Vitoratos N, Papadias C, Konidaris S, Antoniou G, Chryssikopoulos A. Effects of nasal administration of calcitonin in oophorectomized women: 2-year controlled double-blind study. Maturitas 1997;28(2):147-51.
Healey JH, Paget SA, Williams-Russo P, Szatrowski TP, Schneider R, Spiera H, Mitnick H, Ales K, Schwartzberg P. A randomized controlled trial of salmon calcitonin to prevent bone loss in corticosteroid-treated temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Calcif Tissue Int 1996 Feb;58(2):73-80.
Hizmetli S, Elden H, Kaptanoglu E, Nacitarhan V, Kocagil S. The effect of different doses of calcitonin on bone mineral density and fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Int J Clin Pract 1998;52(7):453-5.
Kapetanos G, Symeonides PP, Dimitriou C, Karakatsanis K, Potoupnis M. A double blind study of intranasal calcitonin for established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 1997 Oct;275:108-11.
Lyritis GP, Paspati I, Karachalios T, Ioakimidis D, Skarantavos G, Lyritis PG. Pain relief from nasal salmon calcitonin in osteoporotic vertebral crush fractures. A double blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 1997 Oct;275:112-4.
Mazzantini M, Di Munno O, Pardini N, Ferdeghini M, Mandolesi MC, Nasti P. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with salmon calcitonin suppositories. Ital J Miner Electrolyte Metab 1996;10(1):23-8.
Overgaard K, Lindsay R, Christiansen C. Patient responsiveness to calcitonin salmon nasal spray: A subanalysis of a 2-year study. Clin Ther 1995;17(4):680-5.
Peichl P, Rintelen B, Kumpan W, Broll H. Increase of axial and appendicular trabecular and cortical bone density in established osteoporosis with intermittent nasal salmon calcitonin therapy. Gynecol Endocrinol 1999 Feb;13(1):7-14.
Reginster JY, Deroisy R, Lecart MP, Sarlet N, Zegels B, Jupsin I, de Longueville M, Franchimont P. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial of intermittent nasal salmon calcitonin for prevention of postmenopausal lumbar spine bone loss. Am J Med 1995 May;98(5):452-8.
Reginster JY, Jupsin I, Deroisy R, Biquet I, Franchimont N, Franchimont P. Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss by rectal calcitonin. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Jun;56(6):539-42.
IV. G. Calcium / Vitamin D
Agnusdei D, Bufalino L. Efficacy of ipriflavone in established osteoporosis and long-term safety. Calcif Tissue Int 1997;61 Suppl 1:S23-7.
Agnusdei D, Crepaldi G, Isaia G, Mazzuoli G, Ortolani S, Passeri M, Bufalino L, Gennari C. A double blind, placebo-controlled trial of ipriflavone for prevention of postmenopausal spinal bone loss. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Aug;61(2):142-7.
Baeksgaard L, Andersen KP, Hyldstrup L. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation increases spinal BMD in healthy, postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(3):255-60.
Caniggia A, Nuti R, Martini G, Frediani B, Giovani S, Valenti R, Silvestri G, Matarazzo M. Efficacy and safety of long-term, open-label treatment of calcitriol in postmenopausal osteoporosis: A retrospective analysis. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1996;57(11):857-68.
Cepollaro C, Orlandi G, Gonnelli S, Ferrucci G, Arditti JC, Borracelli D, Toti E, Gennari C. Effect of calcium supplementation as a high-calcium mineral water on bone loss in early postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1996 Oct;59(4):238-9.
Chapuy MC, Meunier PJ. Prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism and hip fracture in elderly women with calcium and vitamin D3 supplements. Osteoporos Int 1996;6 Suppl 3:60-3.
Cross NA, Hillman LS, Allen SH, Krause GF. Changes in bone mineral density and markers of bone remodeling during lactation and postweaning in women consuming high amounts of calcium. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10(9):1312-20.
Cumming RG, Nevitt MC. Calcium for prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Sep;12(9):1321-9.
Dambacher MA, Kranich M, Schacht E, Neff M. Can the fast bone loss in osteoporotic and osteopenic patients be stopped with active vitamin D metabolites? Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Jan;60(1):115-8.
Dawson-Hughes B. Calcium and vitamin D nutritional needs of elderly women. J Nutr 1996 Apr;126(4 Suppl):1165S-1167S.
Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, Dallal GE. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 1997 Sep 4;337(10):670-6. Comment in: N Engl J Med 1997 Sep 4;337(10):701-2 and ACP J Club 1998 Mar-Apr;128(2):47.
Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, Dallal GE, Falconer G, Green CL. Rates of bone loss in postmenopausal women randomly assigned to one of two dosages of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 1995 May;61(5):1140-5.
DeLuca HF. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1997;7 Suppl 3:S24-9.
Deroisy R, Collette J, Chevallier T, Breuil V, Reginister JY. Effects of two 1-year calcium and vitamin D3 treatments on bone remodeling markers and femoral bone density in elderly women. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 1998 Dec;59(12):850-62.
Devine A, Dick IM, Heal SJ, Criddle RA, Prince RL. A 4-year follow-up study of the effects of calcium supplementation on bone density in elderly postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(1):23-8.
Falkenbach A, Sedlmeyer A, Unkelbach U. UVB radiation and its role in the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Int J Biometeorol 1998 Feb;41(3):128-31.
Francis RM. Is there a differential response to alfacalcidol and vitamin D in the treatment of osteoporosis? Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Jan;60(1):111-4.
Francis RM, Boyle IT, Moniz C, Sutcliffe AM, Davis BS, Beastall GH, Cowan RA, Downes N. A comparison of the effects of alfacalcidol treatment and vitamin Dinf 2 supplementation on calcium absorption in elderly women with vertebral fractures. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(4):284-90.
Fujita T. Vitamin D in the treatment of osteoporosis revisited. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1996 Jun;212(2):110-5.
Fujita T, Ohue T, Fujii Y, Miyauchi A, Takagi Y. Heated oyster shell-seaweed calcium (AAA Ca) on osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1996 Apr;58(4):226-30.
Haines CJ, Chung TK, Leung PC, Hsu SY, Leung DH. Calcium supplementation and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women using estrogen replacement therapy. Bone 1995 May;16(5):529-31.
Heaney RP, Barger-Lux MJ, Dowell MS, Chen TC, Holick MF. Calcium absorptive effects of vitamin D and its major metabolites. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997 Dec;82(12):4111-6.
Heaney RP, McCarron DA, Dawson-Hughes B, Oparil S, Berga SL, Stern JS, Barr SI, Rosen CJ. Dietary changes favorably affect bone remodeling in older adults. J Am Diet Assoc 1999 Oct;99(10):1228-33.
Heikinheimo R, Sievanen H, Jantti P, Maki-Jokela PL, Rajala S, Vuori I. Vitamin D treatment and bone mineral density in the aged. Maturitas 1996 May;23 Suppl:S77-80.
Holick MF. Environmental factors that influence the cutaneous production of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61(3 Suppl):638S-645S.
Hosking DJ, Ross PD, Thompson DE, Wasnich RD, McClung M, Bjarnason NH, Ravn P, Cizza G, Daley M, Yates AJ. Evidence that increased calcium intake does not prevent early postmenopausal bone loss. Clin Ther 1998 Sep-Oct;20(5):933-44.
Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, de Takats D, Bernard J, Zhang DM. Treatment of osteoporosis with vitamin D. Osteoporos Int 1997;7 Suppl 3:S140-6.
Keane EM, Healy M, O'Moore R, Coakley D, Walsh JB. Vitamin D-fortified liquid milk: Benefits for the elderly community- based population. Calcif Tissue Int 1998;62(4):300-2.
Kruger MC, Coetzer H, de Winter R, Gericke G, van Papendorp DH. Calcium, gamma-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation in senile osteoporosis. Aging (Milano) 1998 Oct;10(5):385-94.
Lau KH , Baylink DJ. Vitamin D therapy of osteoporosis: Plain vitamin D therapy versus active vitamin D analog (D-hormone) therapy. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Oct;65(4):295-306.
Lips P, Graafmans WC, Ooms ME, Bezemer PD, Bouter LM. Vitamin D supplementation and fracture incidence in elderly persons. A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 1996 Feb 15;124(4):400-6. Comment in: ACP J Club 1996 Jul-Aug;125(1):16.
Mackerras D, Lumley T. First- and second-year effects in trials of calcium supplementation on the loss of bone density in postmenopausal women. Bone 1997 Dec;21(6):527-33.
Michaelsson K, Bergstrom R, Holmberg L, Mallmin H, Wolk A, Ljunghall S. A high dietary calcium intake is needed for a positive effect on bone density in Swedish postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(2):155-61.
Nuti R, Martini G, Valenti R, Giovani S. Open-label, controlled study on the metabolic and absorptiometric effects of calcitriol in involutional osteoporosis. Clin Drug Invest 1996;11(5):270-7.
Ooms ME, Roos JC, Bezemer PD, van der Vijgh WJ, Bouter LM, Lips P. Prevention of bone loss by vitamin D supplementation in elderly women: a randomized double-blind trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 Apr;80(4):1052-8.
Orimo H, Shiraki M, Tomita A, Morii H, Fujita T, Ohata M. Effects of menatetrenone on the bone and calcium metabolism in osteoporosis: A double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Bone Miner Metab 1998;16(2):106-12.
Reid IR, Ames RW, Evans MC, Gamble GD, Sharpe SJ. Long-term effects of calcium supplementation on bone loss and fractures in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Med 1995 Apr;98(4):331-5. Comment in: Am J Med 1995 Apr;98(4):329-30.
Ricci TA, Chowdhury HA, Heymsfield SB, Stahl T, Pierson RN Jr, Shapses SA. Calcium supplementation suppresses bone turnover during weight reduction in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 1998;13(6):1045-50.
Rico H, Revilla M, Hernandez ER, Villa LF, Alvarez de Buergo M. Total and regional bone mineral content and fracture rate in postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with salmon calcitonin: a prospective study. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Mar;56(3):181-5.
Ruegsegger P, Keller A, Dambacher MA. Comparison of the treatment effects of ossein-hydroxyapatite compound and calcium carbonate in osteoporotic females. Osteoporos Int 1995 Jan;5(1):30-4.
Schacht E. Rationale for treatment of involutional osteoporosis in women and for prevention and treatment of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis with alfacalcidol. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Oct;65(4):317-27.
Shikari M, Kushida K, Yamazaki K, Nagai T, Inoue T, Orimo H. Effects of 2 years' treatment of osteoporosis with 1 alpha-hydroxy vitamin D3 on bone mineral density and incidence of fracture: a placebo-controlled, double-blind prospective study. Endocr J 1996 Apr;43(2):211-20.
Storm D, Eslin R, Porter ES, Musgrave K, Vereault D, Patton C, Kessenich C, Mohan S, Chen T, Holick MF, Rosen CJ. Calcium supplementation prevents seasonal bone loss and changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover in elderly New England women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Nov;83(11):3817-25.
Tanizawa T, Imura K, Ishii Y, Nishida S, Takano Y, Mashiba T, Endo N, Takahashi HE. Treatment with active vitamin D metabolites and concurrent treatments in the prevention of hip fractures: a retrospective study. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(2):163-70.
Tuppurainen MT, Komulainen M, Kroger H, Honkanen R, Jurvelin J, Puntila E, Heikkinen AM, Alhava E, Saarikoski S. Does vitamin D strengthen the increase in femoral neck BMD in osteoporotic women treated with estrogen? Osteoporos Int 1998;8(1):32-8.
Van Der Klis FR, Jonxis JH, Van Doormaal JJ, Sikkens P, Saleh AE, Muskiet FA. Changes in vitamin-D metabolites and parathyroid hormone in plasma following cholecalciferol administration to pre- and postmenopausal women in the Netherlands in early spring and to postmenopausal women in Curacao. Br J Nutr 1996;75(4):637-46.
IV. H. Electromagnetic Stimulation
BeDell KK, Scremin AME, Perell KL, Kunkel CF. Effects of functional electrical stimulation-induced lower extremity cycling on bone density of spinal cord-injured patients. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1996 Jan-Feb;75(1):29-34.
Eyres KS, Saleh M, Kanis JA. Effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone formation and bone loss during limb lengthening. Bone 1996 Jun;18(6):505-9.
Tabrah FL, Ross P, Hoffmeier M, Gilbert F Jr. Clinical report on long-term bone density after short-term EMF application. Bioelectromagnetics 1998;19(2):75-8.
IV. I. Estrogen / Androgen
Abraham D, Carpenter PC. Issues concerning androgen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Mayo Clin Proc 1997;72(11):1051-5.
Beardsworth SA, Kearney CE, Purdie DW. Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss at lumbar spine and upper femur with tibolone: a two-year randomised controlled trial. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1999 Jul;106(7):678-83.
Berning B, Kuijk CV, Kuiper JW, Bennink HJ, Kicovic PM, Fauser BC. Effects of two doses of tibolone on trabecular and cortical bone loss in early postmenopausal women: a two-year randomized, placebo-controlled study. Bone 1996 Oct;19(4):395-9.
Berning B, Van Kuijk C, Kuiper JW, Coelingh Bennink HJT, Fauser BCJ. Increased loss of trabecular but not cortical bone density, 1 year after discontinuation of 2 years hormone replacement therapy with Tibolone. Maturitas 1999;31(2):151-9.
Bjarnason NH, Bjarnason K, Haarbo J, Rosenquist C, Christiansen C. Tibolone: prevention of bone loss in late postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 Jul;81(7):2419-22. Comment in: J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 Jul;81(7):2417-8.
Blake JM, Ryan ED, Beaumont LF, Webber CE. Changes in spine and radius bone density during long-term hormone replacement. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1999;77(7):505-9.
Cantatore FP, Cicinelli E, Galantino P, Pepe V, Popolizio A, Savino F, Balzano G, Epifani S. Evaluation of bone turnover and bone mass during tapering estrogen therapy: a preliminary report. Arthritis Rheum 1995 Feb;38(2):292-4.
Cantatore FP, Loverro G, Ingrosso AM, Lacanna R, Sassanelli E, Selvaggi L, Carrozzo M. Effect of oestrogen replacement on bone metabolism and cytokines in surgical menopause. Clin Rheumatol 1995 Mar;14(2):157-60.
Christiansen C. Sex steroid analogs. Osteoporos Int 1999;9 Suppl 2:S62-5.
Cicinelli E, Cantatore FP, Galantino P, Rubini G, Cerundolo M, Balzano G, D'Aquino TM. Effects of continuous percutaneous estradiol administration on skeletal turnover in postmenopausal women: A 1-year prospective controlled study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1996;69(2):109-13.
Cooper C, Stakkestad JA, Radowicki S, Hardy P, Pilate C, Dain MP, Delmas PD. Matrix delivery transdermal 17beta-estradiol for the prevention of bone loss in postmenopausal women. The International Study Group. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(4):358-66.
Cosman F, Nieves J, Shen V, Lindsay R. Oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D administration in osteoporotic women: effects of estrogen therapy. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Apr;10(4):594-600.
Cumming RG, Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Scott J, Ensrud KE, Vogt TM, Fox K. Calcium intake and fracture risk: results from the study of osteoporotic fractures. Am J Epidemiol 1997 May 15;145(10):926-34.
de Aloysio D, Rovati LC, Cadossi R, Paltrinieri F, Mauloni M, Mura M, Penacchioni P, Ventura V. Bone effects of transdermal hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women as evaluated by means of ultrasound: an open one-year prospective study. Maturitas 1997 May;27(1):61-8.
Delmas P, Gimona A. Osteoporosis prevention clinical study program. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1996 Apr;64 Suppl:S39-45.
Delmas PD, Pornel B, Felsenberg D, Garnero P, Hardy P, Pilate C, Dain MP. A dose-ranging trial of a matrix transdermal 17beta-estradiol for the prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women. International Study Group. Bone 1999 May;24(5):517-23.
Design of the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study. The Women's Health Initiative Study Group. Control Clin Trials 1998 Feb;19(1):61-109.
Doren M. An assessment of hormone replacement therapy to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1999;9 Suppl 2:S53-61.
Duan Y, Tabensky A, DeLuca V, Seeman E. The benefit of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass is greater at the vertebral body than posterior processes or proximal femur. Bone 1997 Nov;21(5):447-51.
Eiken P, Kolthoff N, Nielsen SP. Effect of 10 years' hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral content in postmenopausal women. Bone 1996 Nov;19(5 Suppl):191S-193S.
Eiken P, Nielsen SP, Kolthoff N. Effects on bone mass after eight years of hormonal replacement therapy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;104(6):702-7.
Evans SF, Davie MW. Low and conventional dose transdermal oestradiol are equally effective at preventing bone loss in spine and femur at all post-menopausal ages. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1996 Jan;44(1):79-84.
Gambacciani M, Cappagli B, Ciaponi M, Benussi C, Genazzani AR. Hormone replacement therapy in perimenopause: effect of a low dose oral contraceptive preparation on bone quantitative ultrasound characteristics. Menopause 1999 Spring;6(1):43-8.
Gambacciani M, Spinetti A, Orlandi R, Piaggesi L, Cappagli B, Weiss C, Ciaponi M, Genazzani AR. Effects of a new estrogen/progestin combination in the treatment of postmenopausal syndrome. Maturitas 1995;22(2):115-20.
Gambacciani M, Spinetti A, Taponeco F, Ciaponi M, Cima GP, Teti GC, Genazzani AR. Prospective evaluation of calcium and estrogen administration on bone mass and metabolism after ovariectomy. Gynecol Endocrinol 1995 Jun;9(2):131-5.
Gass R, Neff M. For the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis: How beneficial is transdermal hormone replacement therapy? Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1995;125(34):1583-91.
Genant HK, Lucas J, Weiss S, Akin M, Emkey R, McNaney-Flint H, Downs R, Mortola J, Watts N, Yang HW, Banav N, Brennan JJ, Nolan JC. Low-dose esterified estrogen therapy: Effects on bone, plasma estradiol concentrations, endometrium, and lipid levels. Arch Intern Med 1997;157(22):2609-15.
Geusens P. Nandrolone decanoate: pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in osteoporosis. Clin Rheumatol 1995 Sep;14 Suppl 3:32-9.
Gordon CM, Grace E, Emans SJ, Goodman E, Crawford MH, Leboff MS. Changes in bone turnover markers and menstrual function after short- term oral DHEA in young women with anorexia nervosa. J Bone Miner Res 1999;14(1):136-45.
Grey A, Cundy T, Evans M, Reid I. Medroxyprogesterone acetate enhances the spinal bone mineral density response to oestrogen in late post-menopausal women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1996 Mar;44(3):293-6. Comment in: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1996 Mar;44(3):297-8 and Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1996 Jul;45(1):123-4.
Haenggi W, Bersinger NA, Mueller MD, Birkhaeuser MH. Decrease of serum endothelin levels with postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy or tibolone. Gynecol Endocrinol 1999 Jun;13(3):202-5.
Hart DM, Farish E, Fletcher CD, Barnes JF, Hart H, Nolan D, Spowart K. Long-term effects of continuous combined HRT on bone turnover and lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(4):326-32.
Heikkinen J, Kyllonen E, Kurttila-Matero E, Wilen-Rosenqvist G, Lankinen KS, Rita H, Vaananen HK. HRT and exercise: effects on bone density, muscle strength and lipid metabolism. A placebo controlled 2-year prospective trial on two estrogen-progestin regimens in healthy postmenopausal women. Maturitas 1997 Mar;26(2):139-49.
Labrie F, Diamond P, Cusan L, Gomez JL, Belanger A, Candas B. Effect of 12-month dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy on bone, vagina, and endometrium in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82(10):3498-505.
Leonetti HB, Longo S, Anasti JN. Transdermal progesterone cream for vasomotor symptoms and postmenopausal bone loss. Obstet Gynecol 1999 Aug;94(2):225-8.
Leung KY, Lee TK, Lee CN, Sum TK, Chan MY, Tong CM. The effects of different dosages of oestrogen on the bone mineral density of postmenopausal Hong Kong Chinese women: Randomised controlled trial. Hong Kong Med J 1999;5(1):9-14.
Lindsay R. The menopause and osteoporosis. Obstet Gynecol 1996 Feb;87(2 Suppl):16S-19S.
Lippuner K, Haenggi W, Birkhaeuser MH, Casez JP, Jaeger P. Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss using tibolone or conventional peroral or transdermal hormone replacement therapy with 17beta-estradiol and dydrogesterone. J Bone Miner Res 1997 May;12(5):806-12.
Lyritis GP, Karpathios S, Basdekis K, Grigoriou O, Katostaras T, Paspati I, Stamatopoulos T, Siampalioti G, Lyritis PG. Prevention of post-oophorectomy bone loss with Tibolone. Maturitas 1995 Nov;22(3):247-53.
Mebane-Sims I, Bush TL, Wells HB, James MK, Barrett-Connor E, Marcus R, Greendale G, Hunsberger S, McGowan J. Effects of hormone therapy on bone mineral density: Results from the postmenopausal estrogen/progestin interventions (PEPI) trial. J Am Med Assoc 1996;276(17):1389-96.
Michaelsson K, Baron JA, Johnell O, Persson I, Ljunghall S. Variation in the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy in the prevention of hip fracture. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(6):540-6.
Minaguchi H, Uemura T, Shirasu K, Sato A, Tsukikawa S, Ibuki Y, Mizunuma H, Aso T, Koyama T, Nozawa S, Ohta H, Ikeda T, Kusuhara K, Ochiai K, Kato J, Kinoshita T, Tanaka K, Minagawa Y, Kurabayashi T, Fukunaga M. Effect of estriol on bone loss in postmenopausal Japanese women: a multicenter prospective open study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 1996 Jun;22(3):259-65.
Mizunuma H, Okano H, Soda M, Kagami I, Miyamoto S, Tokizawa T, Honjo S, Ibuki Y. Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss with minimal uterine bleeding using low dose continuous estrogen/progestin therapy: a 2-year prospective study. Maturitas 1997 May;27(1):69-76.
Naessen T, Berglund L, Ulmsten U. Bone loss in elderly women prevented by ultralow doses of parenteral 17beta-estradiol. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997 Jul;177(1):115-9.
Naessen T, Lindmark B, Larsen HC. Better postural balance in elderly women receiving estrogens. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177(2):412-6.
Naessen T, Olsson SE, Gudmundson J. Differential effects on bone density of progestogen-only methods for contraception in premenopausal women. Contraception 1995;52(1):35-9.
Nozaki M, Inoue Y, Hashimoto K, Ogata R, Nakano H. Differential time-related effects of conjugated equine estrogen on bone metabolism in oophorectomized women. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1998;60(1):41-6.
Ongphiphadhanakul B, Chanprasertyothin S, Piaseu N, Chansirikanjana S, Puavilai G, Rajatanavin R. Change in body weight after hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women is dependent on basal circulating leptin. Maturitas 1998 Nov 16 ;30(3):283-8.
Orr-Walker BJ, Evans MC, Ames RW, Clearwater JM, Cundy T, Reid IR. The effect of past use of the injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate on bone mineral density in normal post-menopausal women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998;49(5):615-8.
Orwoll ES, Nelson HD. Does estrogen adequately protect postmenopausal women against osteoporosis: an iconoclastic perspective. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999 Jun;84(6):1872-4.
Pavlov PW, Ginsburg J, Kicovic PM, van der Schaaf DB, Prelevic G, Bennink HJ. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of tibolone on bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic women with and without previous fractures. Gynecol Endocrinol 1999 Aug;13(4):230-7.
Prelevic GM, Bartram C, Wood J, Okolo S, Ginsburg J. Comparative effects on bone mineral density of tibolone, transdermal estrogen and oral estrogen/progestogen therapy in postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 1996 Dec;10(6):413-20.
Prestwood KM, Thompson DL, Kenny AM, Seibel MJ, Pilbeam CC, Raisz LG. Low dose estrogen and calcium have an additive effect on bone resorption in older women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84(1):179-83.
Prior JC, Vigna YM, Wark JD, Eyre DR, Lentle BC, Li DK, Ebeling PR, Atley L. Premenopausal ovariectomy-related bone loss: a randomized, double-blind, one-year trial of conjugated estrogen or medroxyprogesterone acetate. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Nov;12(11):1851-63.
Raisz LG, Wiita B, Artis A, Bowen A, Schwartz S, Trahiotis M, Shoukri K, Smith J. Comparison of the effects of estrogen alone and estrogen plus androgen on biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81(1):37-43.
Recker RR, Davies KM, Dowd RM, Heaney RP. The effect of low-dose continuous estrogen and progesterone therapy with calcium and vitamin D on bone in elderly women. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1999 Jun 1;130(11):897-904.
Reid IR, Wattie DJ, Evans MC, Stapleton JP. Testosterone therapy in glucocorticoid-treated men. Arch Intern Med 1996;156(11):1173-7.
Schlegel W, Petersdorf LI, Junker R, Schulte H, Ebert C, Von Eckardstein A. The effects of six months of treatment with a low-dose of conjugated oestrogens in menopausal women. Clin Endocrinol 1999;51(5):643-51.
Sharp CA, Evans SF, Risteli L, Risteli J, Worsfold M, Davie MW. Effects of low- and conventional-dose transcutaneous HRT over 2 years on bone metabolism in younger and older postmenopausal women. Eur J Clin Invest 1996;26(9):763-71.
Snyder PJ, Peachey H, Hannoush P, Berlin JA, Loh L, Lenrow DA, Holmes JH, Dlewati A, Santanna J, Rosen CJ, Strom BL. Effect of testosterone treatment on body composition and muscle strength in men over 65 years of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999 Aug;84(8):2647-53.
Stepan JJ, Schreiber V. Anabolic effects of progestogens in bone remodelling. Sb Lek 1995;96(4):293-7.
Studd J, Arnala I, Kicovic PM, Zamblera D, Kroger H, Holland N. A randomized study of tibolone on bone mineral density in osteoporotic postmenopausal women with previous fractures. Obstet Gynecol 1998 Oct;92(4 Pt 1):574-9.
Studd JW, MacCarthy K, Zamblera D, Dain MP. Efficacy and safety of Menorest (50 mikrog/day) compared to Premarin 0.625 mg in the treatment of menopausal symptoms and the prevention of bone loss, in menopausal women. A single-center, comparative, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy study. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 1996;103:89-90.
Taskin O, Yalcinoglu AI, Kucuk S, Uryan I, Buhur A, Burak F. Effectiveness of tibolone on hypoestrogenic symptoms induced by goserelin treatment in patients with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1997 Jan;67(1):40-5.
Vered I, Kaiserman I, Sela BA, Sack J. Cross genotype sex hormone treatment in two cases of hypogonadal osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997 Feb;82(2):576-8.
Watts NB, Notelovitz M, Timmons MC, Addison WA, Wiita B, Downey LJ. Comparison of oral estrogens and estrogens plus androgen on bone mineral density, menopausal symptoms, and lipid-lipoprotein profiles in surgical menopause. Obstet Gynecol 1995 Apr;85(4):529-37. Published erratum appears in Obstet Gynecol 1995 May;85(5 Pt 1):668.
Weiss SR, Ellman H, Dolker M. A randomized controlled trial of four doses of transdermal estradiol for preventing postmenopausal bone loss. Transdermal Estradiol Investigator Group. Obstet Gynecol 1999 Sep;94(3):330-6.
Wimalawansa SJ. Combined therapy with estrogen and etidronate has an additive effect on bone mineral density in the hip and vertebrae: Four-year randomized study. Am J Med 1995;99(1):36-42.
Wimalawansa SJ. A four-year randomized controlled trial of hormone replacement and bisphosphonate, alone or in combination, in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Am J Med 1998 Mar;104(3):219-26.
IV. J. Exercise
Adami S, Gatti D, Braga V, Bianchini D, Rossini M. Site-specific effects of strength training on bone structure and geometry of ultradistal radius in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 1999 Jan;14(1):120-4.
Bennell KL, Malcolm SA, Khan KM, Thomas SA, Reid SJ, Brukner PD, Ebeling PR, Wark JD. Bone mass and bone turnover in power athletes, endurance athletes, and controls: A 12-month longitudinal study. Bone 1997;20(5):477-84.
Berard A, Bravo G, Gauthier P. Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of physical activity for the prevention of bone loss in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(4):331-7.
Block JE. Interpreting studies of exercise and osteoporosis: a call for rigor. Control Clin Trials 1997 Feb;18(1):54-7.
Bravo G, Gauthier P, Roy PM, Payette H, Gaulin P. A weight-bearing, water-based exercise program for osteopenic women: its impact on bone, functional fitness, and well-being. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997;78(12):1375-80.
Bravo G, Gauthier P, Roy PM, Payette H, Gaulin P, Harvey M, Peloquin L, Dubois MF. Impact of a 12-month exercise program on the physical and psychological health of osteopenic women. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996 Jul;44(7):756-62.
Danz AM, Zittermann A, Schiedermaier U, Klein K, Hotzel D, Schonau E. The effect of a specific strength-development exercise on bone mineral density in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. J Womens Health 1998 Aug;7(6):701-9.
Ebrahim S, Thompson PW, Baskaran V, Evans K. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of brisk walking in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Age Ageing 1997 Jul;26(4):253-60.
Ernst E. Exercise for female osteoporosis. A systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Sports Med 1998 Jun;25(6):359-68.
Evans WJ. Effects of exercise on body composition and functional capacity of the elderly. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1995 Nov;50 Spec No:147-50.
Evans WJ. Exercise training guidelines for the elderly. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999 Jan;31(1):12-7.
Hartard M, Haber P, Ilieva D, Preisinger E, Seidl G, Huber J. Systematic strength training as a model of therapeutic intervention. A controlled trial in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1996 Jan-Feb;75(1):21-8.
Heinonen A, Kannus P, Sievanen H, Oja P, Pasanen M, Rinne M, Uusi-Rasi K, Vuori I. Randomised controlled trial of effect of high-impact exercise on selected risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. Lancet 1996 Nov 16;348(9038):1343-7. Comment in: Lancet 1996 Nov 16;348(9038):1326-7.
Heinonen A, Kannus P, Sievanen H, Pasanen M, Oja P, Vuori I. Good maintenance of high-impact activity-induced bone gain by voluntary, unsupervised exercises: An 8-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 1999;14(1):125-8.
Heinonen A, Oja P, Sievanen H, Pasanen M, Vouri I. Effect of two training regimens on bone mineral density in healthy perimenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 1998;13(3):483-90.
Iwamoto J, Takeda T, Otani T, Yabe Y. Effect of increased physical activity on bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Keio J Med 1998 Sep;47(3):157-61.
Kelley G. Aerobic exercise and lumbar spine bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998;46(2):143-52.
Kelley GA. Aerobic exercise and bone density at the hip in postmenopausal women: A meta-analysis. Prev Med 1998 Nov-Dec;27(6):798-807.
Kelley GA. Exercise and regional bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: A meta-analytic review of randomized trials. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1998;77(1):76-87.
Kerr D, Morton A, Dick I, Prince R. Exercise effects on bone mass in postmenopausal women are site-specific and load-dependent. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11(2):218-25.
Kerschan K, Alacamlioglu Y, Kollmitzer J, Wober C, Kaider A, Hartard M, Ghanem AH, Preisinger E. Functional impact of unvarying exercise program in women after menopause. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1998;77(4):326-32.
Kohrt WM, Ehsani AA, Birge SJ Jr. Effects of exercise involving predominantly either joint-reaction or ground-reaction forces on bone mineral density in older women. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Aug;12(8):1253-61.
Kohrt WM, Ehsani AA, Birge SJ Jr. HRT preserves increases in bone mineral density and reductions in body fat after a supervised exercise program. J Appl Physiol 1998 May;84(5):1506-12.
Kohrt WM, Snead DB, Slatopolsky E, Birge SJ Jr. Additive effects of weight-bearing exercise and estrogen on bone mineral density in older women. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10(9):1303-11.
Kronhed AC, Moller M. Effects of physical exercise on bone mass, balance skill and aerobic capacity in women and men with low bone mineral density, after one year of training--a prospective study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1998 Oct;8(5 Pt 1):290-8.
Lohman T, Going S, Pamenter R, Hall M, Boyden T, Houtkooper L, Ritenbaugh C, Bare L, Hill A, Aickin M. Effect of resistance training on regional and total bone mineral density in premenopausal women: A Randomized Prospective Study. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10(7):1015-24.
Lohman T, Going S, Pamenter R, Hall M, Boyden T, Houtkooper L, Ritenbaugh C, Bare L, Hill A, Aickin M. Effects of resistance training on regional and total bone mineral density in premenopausal women: a randomized prospective study. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Jul;10(7):1015-24.
Lord SR, Ward JA, Williams P, Zivanovic E. The effects of a community exercise program on fracture risk factors in older women. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(5):361-7.
Malmros B, Mortensen L, Jensen MB, Charles P. Positive effects of physiotherapy on chronic pain and performance in osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(3):215-21.
Mayoux-Benhamou MA, Bagheri F, Roux C, Auleley GR, Rabourdin JP, Revel M. Effect of psoas training on postmenopausal lumbar bone loss: a 3-year follow-up study. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Apr;60(4):348-53.
Morris FL, Naughton GA, Gibbs JL, Carlson JS, Wark JD. Prospective ten-month exercise intervention in premenarcheal girls: Positive effects on bone and lean mass. J Bone Miner Res 1997;12(9):1453-62.
Pearlmutter LL, Bode BY, Wilkinson WE, Maricic MJ. Shoulder range of motion in patients with osteoporosis. Arthritis Care Res 1995 Sep;8(3):194-8.
Preisinger E, Alacamlioglu Y, Pils K, Metka M, Schneider B, Ernst E. Regular physical exercises delay forearm bone loss - Results of five controlled trials. Eur J Phys Med Rehabil 1995;5(1):8-12.
Ryan AS, Nicklas BJ, Dennis KE. Aerobic exercise maintains regional bone mineral density during weight loss in postmenopausal women. J Appl Physiol 1998;84(4):1305-10.
Ryan AS, Treuth MS, Hunter GR, Elahi D. Resistive training maintains bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1998;62(4):295-9.
Sinaki M, Wollan PC, Scott RW, Gelczer RK. Can strong back extensors prevent vertebral fractures in women with osteoporosis? Mayo Clin Proc 1996 Oct;71(10):951-6.
Thorsen K, Kristoffersson A, Hultdin J, Lorentzon R. Moderate endurance exercise does not affect serum collagen markers of bone metabolism in early postmenopausal women. Eur J Exp Musculoskelet Res 1995;4(3-4):133-7.
Welsh L, Rutherford OM. Hip bone mineral density is improved by high-impact aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women and men over 50 years. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1996;74(6):511-7.
Wolff I, van Croonenborg JJ, Kemper HC, Kostense PJ, Twisk JW. The effect of exercise training programs on bone mass: a meta-analysis of published controlled trials in pre- and postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(1):1-12.
IV. K. Fluoride
Balena R, Kleerekoper M, Foldes JA, Shih MS, Rao DS, Schober HC, Parfitt AM. Effects of different regimens of sodium fluoride treatment for osteoporosis on the structure, remodeling and mineralization of bone. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(5):428-35.
Battmann A, Resch H, Libanati CR, Ludy D, Fischer M, Farley S, Baylink DJ. Serum fluoride and serum osteocalcin levels in response to a novel sustained-release monofluorophosphate preparation: comparison with plain monofluorophosphate. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(1):48-51.
Devogelaer JP, Nagant de Deuxchaisnes C. Fluoride therapy of type I osteoporosis. Clin Rheumatol 1995 Sep;14 Suppl 3:26-31.
Dure-Smith BA, Farley SM, Linkhart SG, Farley JR, Baylink DJ. Calcium deficiency in fluoride-treated osteoporotic patients despite calcium supplementation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 Jan;81(1):269-75.
Erlacher L, Templ H, Magometschnigg D. A comparative bioavailability study on two new sustained-release formulations of disodiummonofluorophosphate versus a nonsustained-release formulation in healthy volunteers. Calcif Tissue Int 1995;56(3):196-200.
Gambacciani M, Spinetti A, Taponeco F, Piaggesi L, Cappagli B, Ciaponi M, Rovati LC, Genazzani AR. Treatment of postmenopausal vertebral osteopenia with monofluorophospate: A long-term calcium-controlled study. Osteoporos Int 1995;5(6):467-71.
Guaydier-Souquieres G, Kotzki PO, Sabatier JP, Basse-Cathalinat B, Loeb G. In corticosteroid-treated respiratory diseases, monofluorophosphate increases lumbar bone density: A double-masked randomized study. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(2):171-7.
Kleerekoper M. The role of fluoride in the prevention of osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1998 Jun;27(2):441-52.
Lems WF, Jacobs WG, Bijlsma JW, Croone A, Haanen HC, Houben HH, Gerrits MI, van Rijn HJ. Effect of sodium fluoride on the prevention of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(6):575-82.
Lundy MW, Stauffer M, Wergedal JE, Baylink DJ, Featherstone JD, Hodgson SF, Riggs BL. Histomorphometric analysis of iliac crest bone biopsies in placebo-treated versus fluoride-treated subjects. Osteoporos Int 1995 Mar;5(2):115-29. Comment in: Osteoporos Int 1996;6(5):416-7.
Meunier PJ, Sebert JL, Reginster JY, Briancon D, Appelboom T, Netter P, Loeb G, Rouillon A, Barry S, Evreux JC, Avouac B, Marchandise X. Fluoride salts are no better at preventing new vertebral fractures than calcium-vitamin D in postmenopausal osteoporosis: the FAVOStudy. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(1):4-12.
Pak CY, Adams-Huet B, Sakhaee K, Bell NH, Licata A, Johnston C, Rubin B, Bonnick S, Piziak V, Graham H, Ballard J, Berger R, Fears W, Breslau N, Rubin C. Comparison of nonrandomized trials with slow-release sodium fluoride with a randomized placebo-controlled trial in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1996 Feb;11(2):160-8.
Pak CY, Sakhaee K, Adams-Huet B, Piziak V, Peterson RD, Poindexter JR. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with slow-release sodium fluoride. Final report of a randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1995 Sep 15;123(6):401-8. Comment in: Ann Intern Med 1995 Sep 15;123(6):466-7 and ACP J Club 1996 Mar-Apr;124(2):34.
Patel S, Chan JK, Hosking DJ. Fluoride pharmacokinetics and changes in lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density. Bone 1996 Dec;19(6):651-5.
Reginster JY, Meurmans L, Zegels B, Rovati LC, Minne HW, Giacovelli G, Taquet AN, Setnikar I, Collette J, Gosset C. The effect of sodium monofluorophosphate plus calcium on vertebral fracture rate in postmenopausal women with moderate osteoporosis. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1998 Jul 1;129(1):1-8. Comment in: Ann Intern Med 1999 Feb 2;130(3):240; discussion 240-1 and Ann Intern Med 1999 Feb 2;130(3):240-1.
Reginster JY, Paul I, Gosset C. Current status of fluoride salts to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. Curr Opin Orthop 1998;9(5):7-10.
Rigalli A, Pera L, Morosano M, Masoni A, Bocanera R, Tozzini R, Puche RC. In postmenopausal osteoporosis the bone increasing effect of monofluorophosphate is not dependent on serum fluoride. Medicina (B Aires) 1999;59(2):157-61.
Ringe JD, Kipshoven C, Coster A, Umbach R. Therapy of established postmenopausal osteoporosis with monofluorophosphate plus calcium: dose-related effects on bone density and fracture rate. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(2):171-8.
Schnitzler CM, Wing JR, Raal FJ, van der Merwe MT, Mesquita JM, Gear KA, Robson HJ, Shires R. Fewer bone histomorphometric abnormalities with intermittent than with continuous slow-release sodium fluoride therapy. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(4):376-89.
Sebert JL, Richard P, Mennecier I, Bisset JP, Loeb G. Monofluorophosphate increases lumbar bone density in osteopenic patients: a double-masked randomized study. Osteoporos Int 1995 Mar;5(2):108-14.
Talbot JR, Fischer MM, Farley SM, Libanati C, Farley J, Tabuenca A, Baylink DJ. The increase in spinal bone density that occurs in response to fluoride therapy for osteoporosis is not maintained after the therapy is discontinued. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(6):442-7.
van Asten P, Darroudi F, Natarajan AT, Terpstra IJ, Duursma SA. Cytogenetic effects on lymphocytes in osteoporotic patients on long-term fluoride therapy. Pharm World Sci 1998 Oct;20(5):214-8.
Zerwekh JE, Padalino P, Pak CY. The effect of intermittent slow-release sodium fluoride and continuous calcium citrate therapy on calcitropic hormones, biochemical markers of bone metabolism, and blood chemistry in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Oct;61(4):272-8.
IV. L. Growth Hormone
Murphy MG, Bach MA, Plotkin D, Bolognese J, Ng J, Krupa D, Cerchio K, Gertz BJ. Oral administration of the growth hormone secretagogue MK-677 increases markers of bone turnover in healthy and functionally impaired elderly adults. J Bone Miner Res 1999;14(7):1182-8.
Saaf M, Hilding A, Thoren M, Troell S, Hall K. Growth hormone treatment of osteoporotic postmenopausal women - a one-year placebo-controlled study. Eur J Endocrinol 1999 May;140(5):390-9.
Saggese G, Baroncelli GI, Bertelloni S, Barsanti S. The effect of long-term growth hormone (GH) treatment on bone mineral density in children with GH deficiency. Role of GH in the attainment of peak bone mass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81(8):3077-83.
Valimaki MJ, Salmela PI, Salmi J, Viikari J, Kataja M, Turunen H, Soppi E. Effects of 42 months of GH treatment on bone mineral density and bone turnover in GH-deficient adults. Eur J Endocrinol 1999;140(6):545-54.
IV. M. Parathyroid Hormone
Cosman F, Lindsay R. Is parathyroid hormone a therapeutic option for osteoporosis? A review of the clinical evidence. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Jun;62(6):475-80.
Cosman F, Nieves J, Woelfert L, Gordon S, Shen V, Lindsay R. Parathyroid responsivity in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis during treatment with parathyroid hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Mar;83(3):788-90.
Dietrich JW. Parathyroid hormone and related peptides for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Expert Opin Invest Drugs 1997;6(6):655-63.
Finkelstein JS, Klibanski A, Arnold AL, Toth TL, Hornstein MD, Neer RM. Prevention of estrogen deficiency-related bone loss with human parathyroid hormone-(1-34): a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1998 Sep 23-30;280(12):1067-73.
Fujita T, Inoue T, Morii H, Morita R, Norimatsu H, Orimo H, Takahashi HE, Yamamoto K, Fukunaga M. Effect of an intermittent weekly dose of human parathyroid hormone (1-34) on osteoporosis: a randomized double-masked prospective study using three dose levels. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(4):296-306.
Gasser JA. Preclinical studies and clinical experience with parathyroid hormone and its analogues. Curr Opin Orthop 1998;9(5):1-6.
Lane NE, Sanchez S, Modin GW, Genant HK, Pierini E, Arnaud CD. Parathyroid hormone treatment can reverse corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Invest 1998 Oct 15;102(8):1627-33.
Lindsay R, Nieves J, Formica C, Henneman E, Woelfert L, Shen V, Dempster D, Cosman F. Randomised controlled study of effect of parathyroid hormone on vertebral-bone mass and fracture incidence among postmenopausal women on oestrogen with osteoporosis. Lancet 1997 Aug 23;350(9077):550-5.
Morley P, Whitfield JF, Willick GE. Design and applications of parathyroid hormone analogues. Curr Med Chem 1999;6(11):1095-106.
Plotkin H, Gundberg C, Mitnick M, Stewart AF. Dissociation of bone formation from resorption during 2-week treatment with human parathyroid hormone-related peptide-(1-36) in humans: potential as an anabolic therapy for osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Aug;83(8):2786-91.
Sone T, Fukunaga M, Ono S, Nishiyama T. A small dose of human parathyroid hormone(1-34) increased bone mass in the lumbar vertebrae in patients with senile osteoporosis. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1995;21(1-3):232-5.
IV. N. SERM's and Phytoestrogens
Adami S, Bufalino L, Cervetti R, Di Marco C, Di Munno O, Fantasia L, Isaia GC, Serni U, Vecchiet L, Passeri M. Ipriflavone prevents radial bone loss in postmenopausal women with low bone mass over 2 years. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(2):119-25.
Anderson JJ, Garner SC. The effects of phytoestrogens on bone. Nutr Res 1997;17(10):1617-32.
Anderson JJ, Garner SC. Phytoestrogens and bone. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Dec;12(4):543-57.
Armamento-Villareal R, Civitelli R. Estrogen action on the bone mass of postmenopausal women is dependent on body mass and initial bone density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80(3):776-82.
Choi YK, Han IK, Yoon HK. Ipriflavone for the treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1997;7 Suppl 3:S174-8.
Davies GC, Huster WJ, Lu Y, Plouffe L Jr, Lakshmanan M. Adverse events reported by postmenopausal women in controlled trials with raloxifene. Obstet Gynecol 1999;93(4):558-65.
De Aloysio D, Gambacciani M, Altieri P, Ciaponi M, Ventura V, Mura M, Genazzani AR, Bottiglioni F. Bone density changes in postmenopausal women with the administration of ipriflavone alone or in association with low-dose ERT. Gynaecol Endosc 1997;6(4):289-93.
Draper MW, Flowers DE, Huster WJ, Neild JA, Harper KD, Arnaud C. A controlled trial of raloxifene (LY139481) HCl: impact on bone turnover and serum lipid profile in healthy postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 1996 Jun;11(6):835-42.
Ettinger B, Black DM, Mitlak BH, Knickerbocker RK, Nickelsen T, Genant HK, Christiansen C, Delmas PD, Zanchetta JR, Stakkestad J, Gluer CC, Krueger K, Cohen FJ, Eckert S, Ensrud KE, Avioli LV, Lips P, Cummings SR. Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) Investigators. JAMA 1999 Aug 18;282(7):637-45. Comment in: JAMA 1999 Aug 18;282(7):687-9.
Fitzpatrick LA. Selective estrogen receptor modulators and phytoestrogens: new therapies for the postmenopausal women. Mayo Clin Proc 1999 Jun;74(6):601-7.
Gambacciani M, Cappagli B, Piaggesi L, Ciaponi M, Genazzani AR. Ipriflavone prevents the loss of bone mass in pharmacological menopause induced by GnRH-agonists. Calcif Tissue Int 1997;61 Suppl 1:S15-8.
Gambacciani M, Ciaponi M, Cappagli B, Piaggesi L, Genazzani AR. Effects of combined low dose of the isoflavone derivative ipriflavone and estrogen replacement on bone mineral density and metabolism in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 1997 Sep;28(1):75-81.
Gennari C, Adami S, Agnusdei D, Bufalino L, Cervetti R, Crepaldi G, Di Marco C, Di Munno O, Fantasia L, Isaia GC, Mazzuoli GF, Ortolani S, Passeri M, Serni U, Vecchiet L. Effect of chronic treatment with ipriflavone in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. Calcif Tissue Int 1997;61 Suppl 1:S19-22.
Gennari C, Agnusdei D, Crepaldi G, Isaia G, Mazzuoli G, Ortolani S, Bufalino L, Passeri M. Effect of ipriflavone--a synthetic derivative of natural isoflavones--on bone mass loss in the early years after menopause. Menopause 1998 Spring;5(1):9-15.
Hagmeyer KO, Meyer TK. Raloxifene: A selective estrogen receptor modulator for the prevention of osteoporosis. J Pharm Technol 1999;15(2):37-45.
Lufkin EG, Whitaker MD, Nickelsen T, Argueta R, Caplan RH, Knickerbocker RK, Riggs BL. Treatment of established postmenopausal osteoporosis with raloxifene: a randomized trial. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Nov;13(11):1747-54.
Meunier PJ, Vignot E, Garnero P, Confavreux E, Paris E, Liu-Leage S, Sarkar S, Liu T, Wong M, Draper MW. Treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or low bone density with raloxifene. Osteoporos Int 1999;10(4):330-6.
Nickelsen T, Lufkin EG, Riggs BL, Cox DA, Crook TH. Raloxifene hydrochloride, a selective estrogen receptor modulator: safety assessment of effects on cognitive function and mood in postmenopausal women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1999 Jan;24(1):115-28.
Ohta H, Komukai S, Makita K, Masuzawa T, Nozawa S. Effects of 1-year ipriflavone treatment on lumbar bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. Horm Res 1999;51(4):178-83.
Passeri M, Biondi M, Costi D, Dall'Aglio E, Pedrazzoni M, Bufalino L, Castiglione GN, Di Peppe C, Abate G. Effects of 2-year therapy with ipriflavone in elderly women with established osteoporosis. Ital J Miner Electrolyte Metab 1995;9(3-4):137-44.
Powles TJ, Hickish T, Kanis JA, Tidy A, Ashley S. Effect of tamoxifen on bone mineral density measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in healthy premenopausal and postmenopausal women. J Clin Oncol 1996 Jan;14(1):78-84.
Reginster JY, Bufalino L, Christiansen C, Devogelaer JP, Gennari C, Riis BJ, Roux C. Design for an ipriflavone multicenter European fracture study. Calcif Tissue Int 1997;61 Suppl 1:S28-32.
Resch A, Biber E, Seifert M, Resch H. Evidence that tamoxifen preserves bone density in late postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Acta Oncol 1998;37(7-8):661-4.
V. Bone Growth (Children)
Al-Qadreh A, Schulpis KH, Athanasopoulou H, Mengreli C, Skarpalezou A, Voskaki I. Bone mineral status in children with phenylketonuria under treatment. Acta Paediatrica 1998 Nov;87(11):1162-6.
Albanese A, Stanhope R. Endocrine investigation: Investigation of delayed puberty. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1995;43(1):105-10.
Bass S, Delmas PD, Pearce G, Hendrich E, Tabensky A, Seeman E. The differing tempo of growth in bone size, mass, and density in girls is region-specific. J Clin Invest 1999;104(6):795-804.
Brumsen C, Hamdy NA, Papapoulos SE. Long-term effects of bisphosphonates on the growing skeleton. Studies of young patients with severe osteoporosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 1997 Jul;76(4):266-83.
Cadogan J, Eastell R, Jones N, Barker ME. Milk intake and bone mineral acquisition in adolescent girls: Randomised, controlled intervention trial. BMJ 1997 Nov 15;315(7118):1255-60.
Carrascosa A, Silber TJ. Osteoporosis: A pediatric concern? Int Pediatr 1996;11(2):84-94.
Carrie Fassler AL, Bonjour JP. Osteoporosis as a pediatric problem. Pediatr Clin North Am 1995 Aug;42(4):811-24.
Cassell C, Benedict M, Specker B. Bone mineral density in elite 7- to 9-yr-old female gymnasts and swimmers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996;28(10):1243-6.
Cassidy JT. Osteopenia and osteoporosis in children. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1999 Mar-Apr;17(2):245-50.
Cassidy JT, Hillman LS. Abnormalities in skeletal growth in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1997 Aug;23(3):499-522.
Cheng JCY, Guo X, Sher AHL. Persistent osteopenia in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A longitudinal follow-up study. Spine 1999;24(12):1218-22.
Cooper C, Cawley M, Bhalla A, Egger P, Ring F, Morton L, Barker D. Childhood growth, physical activity, and peak bone mass in women. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Jun;10(6):940-7.
de Ridder CM, Delemarre-van de Waal HA. Clinical utility of markers of bone turnover in children and adolescents. Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Aug;10(4):441-8.
Docio S, Riancho JA, Perez A, Olmos JM, Amado JA, Gonzalez-Macias J. Seasonal deficiency of vitamin D in children: a potential target for osteoporosis-preventing strategies? J Bone Miner Res 1998 Apr;13(4):544-8.
Faulkner RA, Bailey DA, Drinkwater DT, McKay HA, Arnold C, Wilkinson AA. Bone densitometry in Canadian children 8-17 years of age. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;59(5):344-51.
Fewtrell MS, Prentice A, Jones SC, Bishop NJ, Stirling D, Buffenstein R, Lunt M, Cole TJ, Lucas A. Bone mineralization and turnover in preterm infants at 8-12 years of age: The effect of early diet. J Bone Miner Res 1999;14(5):810-20.
Fujita T, Fujii Y, Goto B. Measurement of forearm bone in children by peripheral computed tomography. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Jan;64(1):34-9.
Gallo AM. Building strong bones in childhood and adolescence: reducing the risk of fractures in later life. Pediatr Nurs 1996 Sep-Oct;22(5):369-74, 422.
Gunczler P, Lanes R, Paz-Martinez V, Martinis R, Esaa S, Colmenares V, Weisinger JR. Decreased lumbar spine bone mass and low bone turnover in children and adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus followed longitudinally. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 1998;11(3):413-9.
Gunnes M, Lehmann EH. Physical activity and dietary constituents as predictors of forearm cortical and trabecular bone gain in healthy children and adolescents: A prospective study. Acta Paediatr 1996;85(1):19-25.
Henderson RC. The correlation between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measures of bone density in the proximal femur and lumbar spine of children. Skeletal Radiol 1997 Sep;26(9):544-7.
Ilich JZ, Matkovic V. Osteoporosis: Its pediatric causes and prevention opportunities. Prim Care Update Ob Gyns 1997;4(1):15-20.
Iuliano-Burns S, Whiting SJ, Faulkner RA, Bailey DA. Levels, sources, and seasonality of dietary calcium intake in children and adolescents enrolled in the University of Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study. Nutr Res 1999 Oct;19(10):1471-83.
Jackman LA, Millane SS, Martin BR, Wood OB, McCabe GP, Peacock M, Weaver CM. Calcium retention in relation to calcium intake and postmenarcheal age in adolescent females. Am J Clin Nutr 1997 Aug;66(2):327-33.
Kemper HC, Van Mechelen W, Post GB, Snel J, Twisk JW, Van Lenthe FJ, Welten DC. The Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. The past (1976-1996) and future (1997-?). Int J Sports Med Suppl 1997;18(3):S140-50.
Kovanlikaya A, Loro ML, Hangartner TN, Reynolds RA, Roe TF, Gilsanz V. Osteopenia in children: CT assessment. Radiology 1996 Mar;198(3):781-4.
Lappe JM, Recker RR, Weidenbusch D. Influence of activity level on patellar ultrasound transmission velocity in children. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(1):39-46.
Leonard MB, Feldman HI, Zemel BS, Berlin JA, Barden EM, Stallings VA. Evaluation of low density spine software for the assessment of bone mineral density in children. J Bone Miner Res 1998;13(11):1687-90.
Leppala J, Kannus P, Sievanen H, Vuori I, Jarvinen M. A tibial shaft fracture sustained in childhood or adolescence does not seem to interfere with attainment of peak bone density. J Bone Miner Res 1999;14(6):988-93.
Lloyd T, Martel JK, Rollings N, Andon MB, Kulin H, Demers LM, Eggli DF, Kieselhorst K, Chinchilli VM. The effect of calcium supplementation and Tanner Stage on bone density, content and area in teenage women. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(4):276-83.
Lo SF, Huang JL, Chen LC, Yeh KW, Yang DC, Hsieh KH. Serum osteocalcin levels of normal children in Taiwan. Acta Paediatr Sin 1997;38(6):443-7.
Lonzer MD, Imrie R, Rogers D, Worley D, Licata A, Secic M. Effects of heredity, age, weight, puberty, activity, and calcium intake on bone mineral density in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1996 Apr;35(4):185-9.
Lysen VC, Walker R. Osteoporosis risk factors in eighth grade students. J Sch Health 1997 Oct;67(8):317-21.
Reid IR. Establishing healthy bones in the young. Aust Fam Physician 1997 Feb;26(2):132-4.
Sanchez CP, Salusky IB, Kuizon BD, Ramirez JA, Gales B, Ettenger RB, Goodman WG. Bone disease in children and adolescents undergoing successful renal transplantation. Kidney Int 1998;53(5):1358-64.
Schoenau E. The development of the skeletal system in children and the influence of muscular strength. Horm Res 1998 Jan;49(1):27-31.
Schonau E. Problems of bone analysis in childhood and adolescence. Pediatr Nephrol 1998 Jun;12(5):420-9.
Schonau E, Werhahn E, Schiedermaier U, Emokow, Schiessl H, Scheidhauer K, Michalk D. Influence of muscle strength on bone strength during childhood and adolescence. Horm Res 1996;45 Suppl 1:63-6.
Slemenda CW, Peacock M, Hui S, Zhou L, Johnston CC. Reduced rates of skeletal remodeling are associated with increased bone mineral density during the development of peak skeletal mass. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Apr;12(4):676-82.
Smith R. Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis: experience of twenty-one patients. Br J Rheumatol 1995 Jan;34(1):68-77.
Stern LS, Huba JC, Matkovic V. Development of a human growth and osteoporosis prevention curriculum and computer program. Drug Inf J 1997;31(1):311-7.
Teegarden D, Proulx WR, Martin BR, Zhao J, McCabe GP, Lyle RM, Peacock M, Slemenda C, Johnston CC, Weaver CM. Peak bone mass in young women. J Bone Miner Res 1995 May;10(5):711-5.
Uusi-Rasi K, Haapasalo H, Kannus P, Pasanen M, Sievanen H, Oja P, Vuori I. Determinants of bone mineralization in 8 to 20 year old Finnish females. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997;51(1):54-9.
Vandenbergh MF, Deman SA, Witteman JC, Hofman A, Trouerbach WT, Grobbee DE. Physical activity, calcium intake, and bone mineral content in children in The Netherlands. J Epidemiol Community Health 1995;49(3):299-304.
Wang YL, Wu H, Yi BL, LeBlanc J. Newborn bone mineral density and health care during pregnancy. J Bone Miner Metab 1998;16(3):190-2.
Wastney ME, Ng J, Smith D, Martin BR, Peacock M, Weaver CM. Differences in calcium kinetics between adolescent girls and young women. Am J Physiol 1996 Jul;271(1 Pt 2):R208-16.
Yamada Y, Mizuno K, Kotani H, Otsuji K. A survey regarding the factors that influence bone mineral density among female high school students. J Med 1997;28(5-6):393-404.
VI. Health Care (Burden of Illness) / Cost Effectiveness
Ahmed AI, Ryan PJ, Snelling T, Blake GM, Rymer J, Fogelman I. Long term compliance with hormone replacement treatment following screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis by bone density measurements. J Obstet Gynaecol (Abingdon) 1996;16(1):41-4.
Ankjaer-Jensen A, Johnell O. Prevention of osteoporosis: cost-effectiveness of different pharmaceutical treatments. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(4):265-75.
Barrett-Connor E. The economic and human costs of osteoporotic fracture. Am J Med 1995 Feb 27;98(2A):3S-8S.
Bendich A, Leader S, Muhuri P. Supplemental calcium for the prevention of hip fracture: potential health-economic benefits. Clin Ther 1999 Jun;21(6):1058-72.
Berman RS. Patient compliance of women taking estrogen replacement therapy. Drug Inf J 1997;31(1):71-83.
Blalock SJ, DeVellis RF, Giorgino KB, DeVellis BM, Gold DT, Dooley MA, Anderson JJ, Smith SL. Osteoporosis prevention in premenopausal women: using a stage model approach to examine the predictors of behavior. Health Psychol 1996 Mar;15(2):84-93.
Bosanquet N. Cost-effective prevention of osteoporosis: Family doctor perspectives. Br J Med Econ 1996;10(3):217-29.
Brennan NJ, Caplan GA. Attitudes to osteoporosis and hormone replacement therapy among elderly women. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(2):139-43.
Campbell MK, Torgerson DJ, Thomas RE, McClure JD, Reid DM. Direct disclosure of bone density results to patients: effect on knowledge of osteoporosis risk and anxiety level. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(6):584-90.
Challen V. Screening for osteoporosis in peri-menopausal women: Does it fulfil the criteria for medical screening? Radiography 1997;3(3):191-9.
Chapman KM, Chan MW. Focus groups: Their role in developing calcium-related education materials. J Hum Nutr Diet 1995;8(5):363-7.
Cole RP, Palushock S, Haboubi A. Osteoporosis management: physicians' recommendations and womens' compliance following osteoporosis testing. Women Health 1999;29(1):101-15.
Cosman F, Nieves J, Walliser J, Lindsay R. Postmenopausal osteoporosis: patient choices and outcomes. Maturitas 1995 Sep;22(2):137-43.
Coupland CA, Packham I, Lyons AR, Chilvers CE, Hosking DJ. The contribution of bone densitometry to the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Public Health 1997;111(3):191-4.
Cummings SR. Prevention of hip fractures in older women: a population-based perspective. Osteoporos Int 1998;8 Suppl 1:S8-12.
Cummings SR. Treatment thresholds for preventive therapy: a simplified example of therapy for prevention of hip fractures. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 1996;103:101-7.
Delmas PD, Fraser M. Strong bones in later life: luxury or necessity? Bull World Health Organ 1999;77(5):416-22. Comment in: Bull World Health Organ 1999;77(5):423-4; Bull World Health Organ 1999;77(5):424-6; Bull World Health Organ 1999;77(5):426-7; Bull World Health Organ 1999;77(5):427-8; Bull World Health Organ 1999;77(5):429-30; Bull World Health Organ 1999;77(5):430-1; Bull World Health Organ 1999;7(5):431-2; Bull World Health Organ 1999;77(5):433 and Bull World Health Organ 1999;77(5):434-5.
Dolan P, Torgerson DJ. The cost of treating osteoporotic fractures in the United Kingdom female population. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(6):611-7.
Edwards L, Fraser M. How do we increase awareness of osteoporosis? Baillieres Clin Rheumatol 1997 Aug;11(3):631-44.
Edwards M. New drugs for osteoporosis. Comparison of the costs and required returns with those of other drugs intended for long-term use. Pharmacoeconomics 1999 Mar;15(3):269-78.
Eiken P, Kolthoff N. Compliance with long-term oral hormonal replacement therapy. Maturitas 1995;22(2):97-103.
Elinson L, Cohen MM, Elmslie T. Hormone replacement therapy: A survey of Ontario physicians' prescribing practices. Can Med Assoc J 1999;161(6):695-8.
Epstein RS, Feng W, Hirsch LJ, Kelly M. Intervention thresholds for the treatment of osteoporosis: comparison of different approaches to decision-making. Osteoporos Int 1998;8 Suppl 1:S22-7.
Francis RM, Anderson FH, Torgerson DJ. A comparison of the effectiveness and cost of treatment for vertebral fractures in women. Br J Rheumatol 1995 Dec;34(12):1167-71.
Fraser M. Availability and reimbursement of bone mineral density measurement in European countries: A European Foundation For Osteoporosis report. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(5):496-9.
Fries JF. Prevention of osteoporotic fractures: possibilities, the role of exercise, and limitations. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 1996;103:6-10; discussion 11-2.
Garton M, Reid D, Rennie E. The climacteric, osteoporosis and hormone replacement; views of women aged 45-49. Maturitas 1995 Jan;21(1):7-15.
Garton MJ, Cooper C, Reid D. Perimenopausal bone density screening--will it help prevent osteoporosis? Maturitas 1997 Jan;26(1):35-43.
Horan ML, Kim KK, Gendler P, Froman RD, Patel MD. Development and evaluation of the Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy Scale. Res Nurs Health 1998 Oct;21(5):395-403.
Huang C, Ross PD, Wasnich RD. Vertebral fracture and other predictors of physical impairment and health care utilization. Arch Intern Med 1996 Nov 25;156(21):2469-75.
Joel ME, Le Gales C. Social and economic aspects of osteoporosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 1998 Jul;10(4):362-7.
Jonsson B, Christiansen C, Johnell O, Hedbrandt J. Cost-effectiveness of fracture prevention in established osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1995 Mar;5(2):136-42.
Jonsson B, Christiansen C, Johnell O, Hedbrandt J, Karlsson G. Cost-effectiveness of fracture prevention in established osteoporosis. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 1996;103:30-8; discussion 39-40.
Kotzan JA, Martin BC, Wade WE. Persistence with estrogen therapy in a postmenopausal medicaid population. Pharmacotherapy 1999;19(3):363-9.
Lane A. Direct costs of osteoporosis for New Zealand women. Pharmacoeconomics 1996 Mar;9(3):231-45.
Langton CM, Ballard PA, Langton DK, Purdie DW. Maximising the cost effectiveness of BMD referral for DXA using ultrasound as a selective population pre-screen. Technol Health Care 1997 Jul;5(3):235-41.
Limouzin-Lamothe MA. What women want from hormone replacement therapy: results of an international survey. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1996 Apr;64 Suppl:S21-4.
Lippuner K, von Overbeck J, Perrelet R, Bosshard H, Jaeger P. Incidence and direct medical costs of hospitalizations due to osteoporotic fractures in Switzerland. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(5):414-25.
Lydick E, Cook K, Turpin J, Melton M, Stine R, Byrnes C. Development and validation of a simple questionnaire to facilitate identification of women likely to have low bone density. Am J Managed Care 1998;4(1):37-48.
Lyles KW. Management of patients with vertebral compression fractures. Pharmacotherapy 1999 Jan;19(1 Pt 2):21S-24S.
MacLennan AH, Wilson DH, Taylor AW. Hormone replacement therapies in women at risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis in South Australia in 1997. Med J Aust 1999 Jun 7;170(11):524-7.
Magnus JH, Joakimsen RM, Berntsen GK, Tollan A, Soogaard AJ. What do Norwegian women and men know about osteoporosis? Osteoporos Int 1996;6(1):32-6.
Marshall D, Hailey D, Jonsson E. Health policy on bone density measurement technology in Sweden and Australia. Health Policy 1996;35(3):217-28.
Matsumoto D, Pun KK, Nakatani M, Kadowaki D, Weissman M, McCarter L, Fletcher D, Takeuchi S. Cultural differences in attitudes, values, and beliefs about osteoporosis in first and second generation Japanese-American women. Women Health 1995;23(4):39-56.
Matthis C, Weber U, O'Neill TW, Raspe H. Health impact associated with vertebral deformities: results from the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study (EVOS). Osteoporos Int 1998;8(4):364-72.
McKinney KA, Severino M, McFall P, Burry K, Thompson W. Treatment-seeking women at menopause: a comparison between two university menopause clinics. Menopause 1998 Fall;5(3):174-7.
McMurray M. Educating young women about calcium. Drug Inf J 1997;31(1):269-71.
Melton LJ 3rd, Thamer M, Ray NF, Chan JK, Chesnut CH 3rd, Einhorn TA, Johnston CC, Raisz LG, Silverman SL, Siris ES. Fractures attributable to osteoporosis: report from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Jan;12(1):16-23.
New law mandates Medicare coverage of bone mass exams. Diagn Imaging (San Franc) 1998 Nov;Suppl Bone Mass:2-3.
Newton KM, LaCroix AZ, Leveille SG, Rutter C, Keenan NL, Anderson LA. Women's beliefs and decisions about hormone replacement therapy. J Womens Health 1997;6(4):459-65.
Norlund A. Prevention of osteoporosis--a cost-effectiveness. Analysis regarding fractures. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 1996;103:42-5; discussion 46.
Papa LJ, Weber BE. Physician characteristics associated with the use of bone densitometry. J Gen Intern Med 1997 Dec;12(12):781-3.
Papaioannou A, Parkinson W, Adachi J, O'Connor A, Jolly EE, Tugwell P, Bedard M. Women's decisions about hormone replacement therapy after education and bone densitometry. CMAJ 1998 Nov 17;159(10):1253-7. Comment in: CMAJ 1998 Nov 17;159(10):1261-4.
Phillipov G, Mos E, Scinto S, Phillips PJ. Initiation of hormone replacement therapy after diagnosis of osteoporosis by bone densitometry. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(2):162-4.
Phillipov G, Phillips PJ, Leach G, Taylor AW. Public perceptions and self-reported prevalence of osteoporosis in South Australia. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(6):552-6.
Purdie DW, Steel SA, Howey S, Doherty SM. The technical and logistical feasibility of population densitometry using DXA and directed HRT intervention: a 2-year prospective study. Osteoporos Int 1996;6 Suppl 3:31-6.
Randell A, Sambrook PN, Nguyen TV, Lapsley H, Jones G, Kelly PJ, Eisman JA. Direct clinical and welfare costs of osteoporotic fractures in elderly men and women. Osteoporos Int 1995;5(6):427-32.
Rapado A. General management of vertebral fractures. Bone 1996;18 (3 Suppl):191S-196S.
Ray NF, Chan JK, Thamer M, Melton LJ 3rd. Medical expenditures for the treatment of osteoporotic fractures in the United States in 1995: report from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Jan;12(1):24-35.
Reginster JY, Gillet P, Ben Sedrine W, Brands G, Ethgen O, de Froidmont C, Gosset C. Direct costs of hip fractures in patients over 60 years of age in Belgium. Pharmacoeconomics 1999 May;15(5):507-14.
Rosner AJ, Grima DT, Torrance GW, Bradley C, Adachi JD, Sebaldt RJ, Willison DJ. Cost effectiveness of multi-therapy treatment strategies in the prevention of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Pharmacoeconomics 1998 Nov;14(5):559-73.
Rozenberg S, Kroll M, Vandromme J, Paesmans M, Ham H. Effect of bone density evaluation on hormone replacement therapy prescription. Maturitas 1996 May;24(1-2):57-61.
Rozenberg S, Lefever A, Kroll M, Vandromme J, Paesmans M, Ham H. Prescription attitudes among gynecologists towards two particular risk factors of osteoporosis: the patient's age and her bone mineral density. Maturitas 1999 May 31;32(1):19-24.
Saadi H, Litaker D, Mills W, Kippes C, Richmond B, Licata A. Practice variation in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis: a case for more effective physician education in primary care. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 1999 Jul-Aug;8(6):767-71.
Salamone LM, Pressman AR, Seeley DG, Cauley JA. Estrogen replacement therapy: A survey of older women's attitudes. Arch Intern Med 1996;156(12):1293-7.
Saver BG, Woods NF, Taylor TR, Stevens NG. Physician policies on the use of preventive hormone therapy. Am J Prev Med 1997;13(5):358-65.
Schurch MA, Rizzoli R, Mermillod B, Vasey H, Michel JP, Bonjour JP. A prospective study on socioeconomic aspects of fracture of the proximal femur. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11(12):1935-42.
Sheldon TA, Raffle A, Watt I. Department of Health shoots itself in the hip. Why the report of the Advisory Group on Osteoporosis undermines evidence based purchasing. BMJ 1996 Feb 3;312(7026):296-7. Comment in: BMJ 1996 Feb 3;312(7026):297-8; BMJ 1996 May 11;312(7040):1225; BMJ 1996 May 11;312(7040):1225-6 and BMJ 1996 May 18;312(7041):1300-1.
Silverman SL, Greenwald M, Klein RA, Drinkwater BL. Effect of bone density information on decisions about hormone replacement therapy: A randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol 1997;89(3):321-5.
Stock JL, Waud CE, Coderre JA, Overdorf JH, Janikas JS, Heiniluoma KM, Morris MA. Clinical reporting to primary care physicians leads to increased use and understanding of bone densitometry and affects the management of osteoporosis. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 1998 Jun 15;128(12 Pt 1):996-9.
Szucs T, Admani S. Clinical and health economic benefit of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of osteoporotic fractures. Br J Med Econ 1997;11(1-2):37-44.
Taggart HM, Connor SE. The relation of exercise habits to health beliefs and knowledge about osteoporosis. J Am Coll Health 1995 Nov;44(3):127-30.
Togerson D, Cooper C. Osteoporosis as a candidate for disease management: Epidemiological and cost-of-illness considerations. Dis Manage Health Outcomes 1998;3(5):207-14.
Torgerson DJ, Dolan P. Prescribing by general practitioners after an osteoporotic fracture. Ann Rheum Dis 1998 Jun;57(6):378-9.
Torgerson DJ, Donaldson C, Reid DM. Bone mineral density measurements: are they worth while? J R Soc Med 1996 Aug;89(8):457-61. Comment in: J R Soc Med 1996 Oct;89(10):599.
Torgerson DJ, Donaldson C, Russell IT, Reid DM. Hormone replacement therapy: compliance and cost after screening for osteoporosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1995 Mar;59(1):57-60.
Torgerson DJ, Reid DM. The pharmacoeconomics of hormone replacement therapy. Pharmacoeconomics 1999;16(1):9-16.
Torgerson DJ, Thomas RE, Campbell MK, Reid DM. Randomized trial of osteoporosis screening. Use of hormone replacement therapy and quality-of-life results. Arch Intern Med 1997 Oct 13;157(18):2121-5.
Townsend J. Hormone replacement therapy: Assessment of present use, costs, and trends. Br J Gen Pract 1998;48(427):955-8.
Truter I, Serfontein JH. A survey of the treatment of female patients with osteoporosis using drug utilization consumption parameters. J Clin Pharm Ther 1999 Jun;24(3):209-17.
Ulahannan TJ, Lavelle LA. Is systematic osteoporosis prevention and detection possible in a district hospital? J Clin Eff 1997;2(2):43-6.
Vestergaard P, Hermann AP, Gram J, Jensen LB, Kolthoff N, Abrahamsen B, Brot C, Eiken P. Improving compliance with hormonal replacement therapy in primary osteoporosis prevention. Maturitas 1997 Dec 15;28(2):137-45.
Villar MT, Hill P, Inskip H, Thompson P, Cooper C. Will elderly rest home residents wear hip protectors? Age Ageing 1998 Mar;27(2):195-8.
Visentin P, Ciravegna R, Fabris F. Estimating the cost per avoided hip fracture by osteoporosis treatment in Italy. Maturitas 1997 Apr;26(3):185-92.
Waller J, Angbratt M, Blomberg C, Kronhed AC, Larsson L, Lofman O, Moller M, Toss G, Foldevi M, Trell E. Logics and logistics of community intervention against osteoporosis: an evidence basis. J Med Syst 1997 Feb;21(1):33-47.
Wardle PG. Managed care of hormone replacement therapy in the menopause. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1997;9(4):270-7.
Wasnich RD. Using the Internet to report remaining lifetime fracture probability. Drug Inf J 1998;32(4):1005-10.
Watts NB. Understanding the Bone Mass Measurement Act. J Clin Densitom 1999 Fall;2(3):211-7.
Woo J, Ho SC, Chan SG, Yu AL, Yuen YK, Lau J. An estimate of chronic disease burden and some economic consequences among the elderly Hong Kong population. J Epidemiol Community Health 1997;51(5):486-9.
Zethraeus N, Gerdtham UG. Estimating the costs of hip fracture and potential savings. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 1998 Spring;14(2):255-67.
VII. Models and Definitions
Frost HM. Osteoporoses: a rationale for further definitions? Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Feb;62(2):89-94.
Frost HM. Osteoporosis treatment: quo vadis? (A brief overview). Medicina (B Aires) 1997;57 Suppl 1:119-26.
Heaney RP, Yates AJ, Santora AC 2nd. Bisphosphonate effects and the bone remodeling transient. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Aug;12(8):1143-51.
Parfitt AM, Mundy GR, Roodman GD, Hughes DE, Boyce BF. A new model for the regulation of bone resorption, with particular reference to the effects of bisphosphonates. J Bone Miner Res 1996;11(2):150-9.
Sandor T, Felsenberg D, Brown E. Comments on the hypotheses underlying fracture risk assessment in osteoporosis as proposed by the World Health Organization. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Mar;64(3):267-70.
VIII. Nutrition and Bone Health
Aerssens J, Declerck K, Maeyaert B, Boonen S, Dequeker J. The effect of modifying dietary calcium intake pattern on the circadian rhythm of bone resorption. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Jul;65(1):34-40.
Andersen AE, Woodward PJ, Lafrance N. Bone mineral density of eating disorder subgroups. Int J Eat Disord 1995;18(4):335-42.
Andersen RE, Wadden TA, Herzog RJ. Changes in bone mineral content in obese dieting women. Metabolism 1997;46(8):857-61.
Anderson JJ, Miller CP. Lower lifetime estrogen exposure among vegetarians as a possible risk factor for osteoporosis: a hypothesis. Veg Nutr 1998;2(1):4-12.
Anderson JJ, Rondano P, Holmes A. Roles of diet and physical activity in the prevention of osteoporosis. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 1996;103:65-74.
Angbratt M, Moller M. Questionnaire about calcium intake: Can we trust the answers? Osteoporos Int 1999;9(3):220-5.
Barger-Lux MJ, Heaney RP, Lanspa SJ, Healy JC, DeLuca HF. An investigation of sources of variation in calcium absorption efficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 Feb;80(2):406-11. Published erratum appears in J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 Jul;80(7):2068.
Bilezikian JP, Bailey L, Elmer PJ, Favus MJ, Go VLW, Abrams SA, Ascherlo A, Baron JA, Bell NH, Goldring SR, Holt LH, Insogna KL, Krimgold B, Mallette LE, Chrischilles EA, Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney RP, Shapiro JR, St Jeor ST, et al. Optimal calcium intake. Nutrition 1995;11(5):409-17.
Binkley NC, Suttie JW. Vitamin K nutrition and osteoporosis. J Nutr 1995 Jul;125(7):1812-21.
Bonjour JP, Schurch MA, Chevalley T, Ammann P, Rizzoli R. Protein intake, IGF-1 and osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1997;7 Suppl 3:S36-42.
Bonjour JP, Schurch MA, Rizzoli R. Nutritional aspects of hip fractures. Bone 1996 Mar;18(3 Suppl):139S-144S.
Bonjour JP, Schurch MA, Rizzoli R. Proteins and bone health. Pathol Biol (Paris) 1997;45(1):57-9.
Bryant RJ, Cadogan J, Weaver CM. The new dietary reference intakes for calcium: implications for osteoporosis. J Am Coll Nutr 1999 Oct;18(5 Suppl):406S-412S.
Cayon E, Roquer M. Solubility of calcium salts and their effects on osteoporosis. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1997 Sep;19(7):501-4.
Chiu JF, Lan SJ, Yang CY, Wang PW, Yao WJ, Su LH, Hsieh CC. Long-term vegetarian diet and bone mineral density in postmenopausal Taiwanese women. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Mar;60(3):245-9.
Clark K. Disordered eating behaviors and bone-mineral density in women who misuse alcohol. West J Nurs Res 1997 Feb;19(1):32-45; discussion 45-55.
Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, Hensrud DD, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd. Dietary protein intake and bone mass in women. Calcif Tissue Int 1996 May;58(5):320-5.
Dreosti IE. Magnesium status and health. Nutr Rev 1995 Sep;53(9 Pt 2):S23-7.
Earnshaw SA, Worley A, Hosking DJ. Current diet does not relate to bone mineral density after the menopause. Br J Nutr 1997;78(1):65-72.
Elbon SM, Johnson MA, Fischer JG. Milk consumption in older Americans. Am J Public Health 1998 Aug;88(8):1221-4.
Grinspoon S, Baum H, Lee K, Anderson E, Herzog D, Klibanski A. Effects of short-term recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I administration on bone turnover in osteopenic women with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81(11):3864-70.
Grinspoon SK, Baum HBA, Kim V, Coggins C, Klibanski A. Decreased bone formation and increased mineral dissolution during acute fasting in young women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80(12):3628-33.
Heaney RP. Excess dietary protein may not adversely affect bone. J Nutr 1998 Jun;128(6):1054-7. Comment in: J Nutr 1998 Dec;128(12):2529.
Heaney RP. Nutrient effects: discrepancy between data from controlled trials and observational studies. Bone 1997 Dec;21(6):469-71.
Heaney RP, Dowell MS, Barger-Lux MJ. Absorption of calcium as the carbonate and citrate salts, with some observations on method. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(1):19-23.
Holick MF. Vitamin D and bone health. J Nutr 1996;126(4 Suppl):1159S-1164S.
Hotta M, Shibasaki T, Sato K, Demura H. The importance of body weight history in the occurrence and recovery of osteoporosis in patients with anorexia nervosa: evaluation by dual X-ray absorptiometry and bone metabolic markers. Eur J Endocrinol 1998 Sep;139(3):276-83.
Huang Z, Himes JH, McGovern PG. Nutrition and subsequent hip fracture risk among a national cohort of white women. Am J Epidemiol 1996;144(2):124-34.
Iketani T, Kiriike N, Nakanishi S, Nakasuji T. Effects of weight gain and resumption of menses on reduced bone density in patients with anorexia nervosa. Biol Psychiatry 1995;37(8):521-7.
Kardinaal AF, Morton MS, Bruggemann-Rotgans IE, van Beresteijn EC. Phyto-oestrogen excretion and rate of bone loss in postmenopausal women. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998 Nov;52(11):850-5.
Kohlmeier L, Marcus R. Calcium disorders of pregnancy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1995 Mar;24(1):15-39.
Kung AW, Luk KD, Chu LW, Chiu PK. Age-related osteoporosis in Chinese: an evaluation of the response of intestinal calcium absorption and calcitropic hormones to dietary calcium deprivation. Am J Clin Nutr 1998 Dec;68(6):1291-7. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr 1998 Dec;68(6):1153-4 and Am J Clin Nutr 1999 Jun;69(6):1291-2.
Lau EM, Kwok T, Woo J, Ho S. Bone mineral density in Chinese elderly female vegetarians, vegans, lacto-vegetarians and omnivores. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998;52(1):60-4.
Leveille SG, LaCroix AZ, Koepsell TD, Beresford S, Van Belle G, Buchner DM. Do dietary antioxidants prevent postmenopausal bone loss? Nutr Res 1997;17(8):1261-9.
Leveille SG, LaCroix AZ, Koepsell TD, Beresford SA, Van Belle G, Buchner DM. Dietary vitamin C and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in Washington State, USA. J Epidemiol Community Health 1997;51(5):479-85.
Lloyd T, Rollings N, Eggli DF, Kieselhorst K, Chinchilli VM. Dietary caffeine intake and bone status of postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1997 Jun;65(6):1826-30.
Michaelsson K, Holmberg K, Mallmin H, Wolk A, Bergstrom R, Ljunghall S. Diet, bone mass, and osteocalcin: A cross-sectional study. Calcif Tissue Int 1995;57(2):86-93.
Michaelsson K, Holmberg L, Mallmin H, Sorensen S, Wolk A, Bergstrom R, Ljunghall S, Adami HO, Bergkvisi L, Bruce A, Leppart J, Nilsson G, Ringqvist I, Vessby B. Diet and hip fracture risk: A case-control study. Int J Epidemiol 1995;24(4):771-82.
Morris RC Jr, Schmidlin O, Tanaka M, Forman A, Frassetto L, Sebastian A. Differing effects of supplemental KCl and KHCO3: pathophysiological and clinical implications. Semin Nephrol 1999 Sep;19(5):487-93.
Munger RG, Cerhan JR, Chiu BC. Prospective study of dietary protein intake and risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69(1):147-52.
Nieves JW, Golden AL, Siris E, Kelsey JL, Lindsay R. Teenage and current calcium intake are related to bone mineral density of the hip and forearm in women aged 30-39 years. Am J Epidemiol 1995;141(4):342-51.
Nordin BE. Calcium and osteoporosis. Nutrition 1997;13(7-8):664-86.
Nordin BE, Morris HA, Wishart JM, Scopacasa F, Horowitz M, Need AG, Clifton PM. Modification and validation of a single-isotope radiocalcium absorption test. J Nucl Med 1998 Jan;39(1):108-13.
Nutrition and bone health: with particular reference to calcium and vitamin D. Report of the Subgroup on Bone Health, Working Group on the Nutritional Status of the Population of the Committee on Medical Aspects of the Food Nutrition Policy. Rep Health Soc Subj (Lond) 1998;49:iii-xvii, 1-24.
O'Brien KO, Abrams SA, Liang LK, Ellis KJ, Gagel RF. Bone turnover response to changes in calcium intake is altered in girls and adult women in families with histories of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Mar;13(3):491-9.
Osler M, Heitmann BL. Food patterns, flour fortification, and intakes of calcium and vitamin D: A longitudinal study of Danish adults. J Epidemiol Community Health 1998 Mar;52(3):161-5.
Packard PT, Recker RR. Caffeine does not affect the rate of gain in spine bone in young women. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(2):149-52.
Recker RR, Hinders S, Davies KM, Heaney RP, Stegman MR, Lappe JM, Kimmel DB. Correcting calcium nutritional deficiency prevents spine fractures in elderly women. J Bone Miner Res 1996 Dec;11(12):1961-6.
Relea P, Revilla M, Ripoll E, Arribas I, Villa LF, Rico H. Zinc, biochemical markers of nutrition, and type I osteoporosis. Age Ageing 1995 Jul;24(4):303-7.
Rico H, Relea P, Crespo R, Revilla M, Villa LF, Arribas I, Usabiaga J. Biochemical markers of nutrition in type-I and type-II osteoporosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1995 Jan;77(1):148-51.
Rude RK, Olerich M. Magnesium deficiency: possible role in osteoporosis associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(6):453-61.
Schurch MA, Rizzoli R, Slosman D, Vadas L, Vergnaud P, Bonjour JP. Protein supplements increase serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels and attenuate proximal femur bone loss in patients with recent hip fracture. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1998 May 15;128(10):801-9. Comment in: Ann Intern Med 1998 Dec 15;129(12):1075-6; discussion 1076 and Ann Intern Med 1998 Dec 15;129(12):1076.
Serpell L, Treasure J. Osteoporosis - A serious health risk in chronic anorexia nervosa. Eur Eating Disord Rev 1997;5(3):149-157.
Stini WA. Calcium homeostasis and human evolution. Coll Antropol 1998 Dec;22(2):411-25.
Suarez FL, Adshead J, Furne JK, Levitt MD. Lactose maldigestion is not an impediment to the intake of 1500 mg calcium daily as dairy products. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68(5):1118-22.
Susiyanti AE, Chambers IV E, Pearson M, Lewis NM. Calcium intake, attitudes toward calcium-containing foods, and number of risk factors for osteoporosis in two groups of 18- to 35-year-old women. Nutr Res 1996;16(8):1313-29.
Teegarden D, Lyle RM, McCabe GP, McCabe LD, Proulx WR, Michon K, Knight AP, Johnston CC, Weaver CM. Dietary calcium, protein, and phosphorus are related to bone mineral density and content in young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1998 Sep;68(3):749-54. Comment in: Am J Clin Nutr 1998 Sep;68(3):523-4.
Teegarden D, Lyle RM, Proulx WR, Johnston CC, Weaver CM. Previous milk consumption is associated with greater bone density in young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999 May;69(5):1014-7.
Teesalu S, Vihalemm T, Vaasa IO. Nutrition in prevention of osteoporosis. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 1996;103:81-2; discussion 83.
Tellez M, Arlot ME, Mawer EB, Diaz A, Hesp R, Hulme P, Edouard C, Green JR, Meunier PJ, Reeve J. Gastrointestinal calcium absorption and dietary calcium load: Relationships with bone remodelling in vertebral osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1995;5(1):14-22.
Trichopoulou A, Georgiou E, Bassiakos Y, Lipworth L, Lagiou P, Proukakis C, Trichopoulos D. Energy intake and monounsaturated fat in relation to bone mineral density among women and men in Greece. Prev Med 1997;26(3):395-400.
Tucker KL, Hannah MT, Chen H, Cupples LA, Wilson PW, Kiel DP. Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69(4):727-36.
Ulrich CM, Georgiou CC, Snow-Harter CM, Gillis DE. Bone mineral density in mother-daughter pairs: Relations to lifetime exercise, lifetime milk consumption, and calcium supplements. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63(1):72-9.
Van Papendorp DH, Coetzer H, Kruger MC. Biochemical profile of osteoporotic patients on essential fatty acid supplementation. Nutr Res 1995;15(3):325-34.
Vecht-Hart CM, Bode P, Trouerbach WT, Collette HJ. Calcium and magnesium in human toenails do not reflect bone mineral density. Clin Chim Acta 1995;236(1):1-6.
Vermeer C, Gijsbers BL, Craciun AM, Groenen-van Dooren MM, Knapen MH. Effects of vitamin K on bone mass and bone metabolism. J Nutr 1996 Apr;126(4 Suppl):1187S-91S.
Weaver CM, Heaney RP, Teegarden D, Hinders SM. Wheat bran abolishes the inverse relationship between calcium load size and absorption fraction in women. J Nutr 1996 Jan;126(1):303-7.
Weaver CM, Martin BR, Plawecki KL, Peacock M, Wood OB, Smith DL, Wastney ME. Differences in calcium metabolism between adolescent and adult females. Am J Clin Nutr 1995 Mar;61(3):577-81.
Weaver CM, Peacock M, Martin BR, McCabe GP, Zhao J, Smith DL, Wastney ME. Quantification of biochemical markers of bone turnover by kinetic measures of bone formation and resorption in young healthy females. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Oct;12(10):1714-20.
Weaver CM, Peacock M, Martin BR, Plawecki KL, McCabe GP. Calcium retention estimated from indicators of skeletal status in adolescent girls and young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1996 Jul;64(1):67-70.
Yamaguchi M. Role of zinc in bone formation and bone resorption. J Trace Elem Exp Med 1998;11(2-3):119-35.
Yoshida H, Nagaya T, Hayashi T, Takahashi H, Kawai M. Milk consumption decreases activity of human serum alkaline phosphatase: a cross-sectional study. Metabolism 1995 Sep;44(9):1190-3.
IX. Osteoporosis in Men
Adams JS, Song CF, Kantorovich V. Rapid recovery of bone mass in hypercalciuric, osteoporotic men treated with hydrochlorothiazide. Ann Intern Med 1999 Apr 20;130(8):658-60.
Anderson FH, Francis RM, Bishop JC, Rawlings DJ. Effect of intermittent cyclical disodium etidronate therapy on bone mineral density in men with vertebral fractures. Age Ageing 1997 Sep;26(5):359-65.
Anderson FH, Francis RM, Faulkner K. Androgen supplementation in eugonadal men with osteoporosis-effects of 6 months of treatment on bone mineral density and cardiovascular risk factors. Bone 1996 Feb;18(2):171-7.
Anderson FH, Francis RM, Peaston RT, Wastell HJ. Androgen supplementation in eugonadal men with osteoporosis: effects of six months' treatment on markers of bone formation and resorption. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Mar;12(3):472-8.
Bilezikian JP. Osteoporosis in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999 Oct;84(10):3431-4.
Bilezikian JP, Kurland ES, Rosen CJ. Male skeletal health and osteoporosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 1999;10(8):244-50.
Boonen S, Vanderschueren D, Cheng XG, Verbeke G, Dequeker J/Geusens P, Broos P, Bouillon R. Age-related (Type II) femoral neck osteoporosis in men: Biochemical evidence for both hypovitaminosis D- and androgen deficiency-induced bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Dec;12(12):2119-26.
Boonen S, Vanderschueren D, Geusens P, Bouillon R. Age-associated endocrine deficiencies as potential determinants of femoral neck (type II) osteoporotic fracture occurrence in elderly men. Int J Androl 1997 Jun;20(3):134-43.
Center JR, Nguyen TV, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA. Hormonal and biochemical parameters in the determination of osteoporosis in elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999 Oct;84(10):3626-35.
Clarke BL, Ebeling PR, Jones JD, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Fitzpatrick LA. Changes in quantitative bone histomorphometry in aging healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 Jun;81(6):2264-70.
Cohen-Solal ME, Baudoin C, Omouri M, Kuntz D, De Vernejoul MC. Bone mass in middle-aged osteoporotic men and their relatives: familial effect. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Dec;13(12):1909-14.
Daniell HW. Osteoporosis after orchiectomy for prostate cancer. J Urol 1997 Feb;157(2):439-44. Comment in: J Urol 1997 Feb;157(2):575; J Urol 1997 Oct;158(4):1529-30; J Urol 1998 Apr;159(4):1314 and J Urol 1998 Nov;160(5):1809.
Di Somma C, Colao A, Di Sarno A, Klain M, Landi ML, Facciolli G, Pivonello R, Panza N, Salvatore M, Lombardi G. Bone marker and bone density responses to dopamine agonist therapy in hyperprolactinemic males. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83(3):807-13.
Diamond T, Smerdely P, Kormas N, Sekel R, Vu T, Day P. Hip fracture in elderly men: the importance of subclinical vitamin D deficiency and hypogonadism. Med J Aust 1998 Aug 3;169(3):138-41.
Diamond TH, Thornley SW, Sekel R, Smerdely P. Hip fracture in elderly men: prognostic factors and outcomes. Med J Aust 1997 Oct 20;167(8):412-5. Comment in: Med J Aust 1997 Oct 20;167(8):404-5.
Eastell R, Boyle IT, Compston J, Cooper C, Fogelman I, Francis RM, Hosking DJ, Purdie DW, Ralston S, Reeve J, Reid DM, Russell RG, Stevenson JC. Management of male osteoporosis: report of the UK Consensus Group. QJM 1998 Feb;91(2):71-92.
Ebeling PR. Osteoporosis in men. New insights into aetiology, pathogenesis, prevention and management. Drugs Aging 1998 Dec;13(6):421-34.
Effective treatment of osteoporosis in men still to be established. Drugs Ther Perspect 1999;14(6):8-10.
Finkelstein JS, Klibanski A, Neer RM. A longitudinal evaluation of bone mineral density in adult men with histories of delayed puberty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81(3):1152-5.
Gillberg P, Johansson AG, Ljunghall S. Decreased estradiol levels and free androgen index and elevated sex hormone-binding globulin levels in male idiopathic osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Mar;64(3):209-13.
Glynn NW, Meilahn EN, Charron M, Anderson SJ, Kuller LH, Cauley JA. Determinants of bone mineral density in older men. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Nov;10(11):1769-77.
Grisso JA, Kelsey JL, O'Brien LA, Miles CG, Sidney S, Maislin G, LaPann K, Moritz D, Peters B. Risk factors for hip fracture in men. Hip Fracture Study Group. Am J Epidemiol 1997 May 1;145(9):786-93.
Hamdy RC, Moore SW, Whalen KE, Landy C. Nandrolone decanoate for men with osteoporosis. Am J Ther 1998;5(2):89-95.
Huuskonen J, Kroger H, Arnala I, Alhava E. Characteristics of male hip fracture patients. Ann Chir Gynaecol 1999;88(1):48-53.
Johansson AG, Lindh E, Blum WF, Kollerup G, Sorensen OH, Ljunghall S. Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I in men with idiopathic osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 Jan;81(1):44-8.
Katznelson L. Therapeutic role of androgens in the treatment of osteoporosis in men. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Oct;12(3):453-70.
Kelepouris N, Harper KD, Gannon F, Kaplan FS, Haddad JG. Severe osteoporosis in men. Ann Intern Med 1995 Sep 15;123(6):452-60.
Kenny AM, Gallagher JC, Prestwood KM, Gruman CA, Raisz LG. Bone density, bone turnover, and hormone levels in men over age 75. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci 1998;53(6):M419-25.
Kurland ES, Chan FK, Rosen CJ, Bilezikian JP. Normal growth hormone secretory reserve in men with idiopathic osteoporosis and reduced circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Jul;83(7):2576-9.
Kurland ES, Rosen CJ, Cosman F, McMahon D, Chan F, Shane E, Lindsay R, Dempster D, Bilezikian JP. Insulin-like growth factor-I in men with idiopathic osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997 Sep;82(9):2799-805. Comment in: J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997 Sep;82(9):2792-4.
Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ, O'Connor MK, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Bone density and fracture risk in men. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Dec;13(12):1915-23.
Need AG, Morris HA, Horowitz M, Scopacasa F, Nordin BE. Intestinal calcium absorption in men with spinal osteoporosis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998 Feb;48(2):163-8.
Nguyen TV, Eisman JA, Kelly PJ, Sambrook PN. Risk factors for osteoporotic fractures in elderly men. Am J Epidemiol 1996 Aug 1;144(3):255-63.
Nyquist F, Gardsell P, Sernbo I, Jeppsson JO, Johnell O. Assessment of sex hormones and bone mineral density in relation to occurrence of fracture in men: A prospective population-based study. Bone 1998 Feb;22(2):147-51.
Ongphiphadhanakul B, Rajatanavin R, Chanprasertyothin S, Piaseu N, Chailurkit L. Serum oestradiol and oestrogen-receptor gene polymorphism are associated with bone mineral density independently of serum testosterone in normal males. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998 Dec;49(6):803-9.
Orwoll ES, Bell NH, Nanes MS, Flessland KA, Pettinger MB, Mallinak NJ, Cain DF. Collagen N-telopeptide excretion in men: the effects of age and intrasubject variability. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Nov;83(11):3930-5.
Otremski I, Lev-Ran M, Salama R, Edelstein S. The metabolism of vitamin D3 in response to testosterone. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 May;60(5):485-7.
Poor G, Atkinson EJ, Lewallen DG, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ 3rd. Age-related hip fractures in men: clinical spectrum and short-term outcomes. Osteoporos Int 1995;5(6):419-26.
Poor G, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ 3rd. Determinants of reduced survival following hip fractures in men. Clin Orthop 1995 Oct;(319):260-5.
Poor G, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ 3rd. Predictors of hip fractures in elderly men. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Dec;10(12):1900-7.
Resch A, Schneider B, Bernecker P, Battmann A, Wergedal J, Willvonseder R, Resch H. Risk of vertebral fractures in men: relationship to mineral density of the vertebral body. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995 Jun;164(6):1447-50.
Ringe JD, Dorst A, Kipshoven C, Rovati LC, Setnikar I. Avoidance of vertebral fractures in men with idiopathic osteoporosis by a three year therapy with calcium and low-dose intermittent monofluorophosphate. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(1):47-52.
Scane AC, Francis RM, Sutcliffe AM, Francis MJ, Rawlings DJ, Chapple CL. Case-control study of the pathogenesis and sequelae of symptomatic vertebral fractures in men. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(1):91-7.
Schneider DL, Barrett-Connor EL, Morton DJ. Thyroid hormone use and bone mineral density in elderly men. Arch Intern Med 1995;155(18):2005-7.
Seeman E. The structural basis of bone fragility in men. Bone 1999 Jul;25(1):143-7.
Slemenda CW, Longcope C, Zhou L, Hui SL, Peacock M, Johnston CC. Sex steroids and bone mass in older men. Positive associations with serum estrogens and negative associations with androgens. J Clin Invest 1997 Oct 1;100(7):1755-9.
Varanasi SS, Francis RM, Berger CE, Papiha SS, Datta HK. Mitochondrial DNA deletion associated oxidative stress and severe male osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1999;10(2):143-9.
Vega E, Ghiringhelli G, Mautalen C, Rey Valzacchi G, Scaglia H, Zylberstein C. Bone mineral density and bone size in men with primary osteoporosis and vertebral fractures. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 May;62(5):465-9.
Whybro A, Jagger H, Barker M, Eastell R. Phosphate supplementation in young men: Lack of effect on calcium homeostasis and bone turnover. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998;52(1):29-33.
Wishart JM, Need AG, Horowitz M, Morris HA, Nordin BE. Effect of age on bone density and bone turnover in men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1995 Feb;42(2):141-6.
Wright NM, Renault J, Willi S, Veldhuis JD, Pandey JP, Gordon L, Key LL, Bell NH. Greater secretion of growth hormone in black than in white men: possible factor in greater bone mineral density--a clinical research center study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 Aug;80(8):2291-7. Comment in: J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 Aug;80(8):2289-90.
X. Oral Bone and Osteoporosis
Grodstein F, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ. Post-menopausal hormone use and tooth loss: a prospective study. J Am Dent Assoc 1996 Mar;127(3):370-7, quiz 392.
Hildebolt CF. Osteoporosis and oral bone loss. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1997 Jan;26(1):3-15.
Hildebolt CF, Pilgram TK, Dotson M, Yokoyama-Crothers N, Muckerman J, Hauser J, Cohen S, Kardaris E, Vannier MW, Hanes P, Shrout MK, Civitelli R. Attachment loss with postmenopausal age and smoking. J Periodontal Res 1997 Oct;32(7):619-25.
Horner K, Devlin H. The relationship between mandibular bone mineral density and panoramic radiographic measurements. J Dent 1998 May;26(4):337-43.
Horner K, Devlin H, Alsop CW, Hodgkinson IM, Adams JE. Mandibular bone mineral density as a predictor of skeletal osteoporosis. Br J Radiol 1996 Nov;69(827):1019-25.
Jacobs R, Ghyselen J, Koninckx P, van Steenberghe D. Long-term bone mass evaluation of mandible and lumbar spine in a group of women receiving hormone replacement therapy. Eur J Oral Sci 1996 Feb;104(1):10-16.
Jeffcoat MK. Osteoporosis: a possible modifying factor in oral bone loss. Ann Periodontol 1998 Jul;3(1):312-21.
Jonasson G, Kiliaridis S, Gunnarsson R. Cervical thickness of the mandibular alveolar process and skeletal bone mineral density. Acta Odontol Scand 1999 Jun;57(3):155-61.
Klemetti E. A review of residual ridge resorption and bone density. J Prosthet Dent 1996 May;75(5):512-4.
Klemetti E, Kroger H, Lassila L. Fluoridated drinking water, oestrogen therapy and residual ridge resorption. J Oral Rehabil 1997 Jan;24(1):47-51.
Klemetti E, Kroger H, Lassila V. Relationship between body mass index and the remaining alveolar ridge. J Oral Rehabil 1997 Nov;24(11):808-12.
Klemetti E, Vainio P, Kroger H. Craniomandibular disorders and skeletal mineral status. Cranio 1995 Apr;13(2):89-92.
Krall EA, Garcia RI, Dawson-Hughes B. Increased risk of tooth loss is related to bone loss at the whole body, hip, and spine. Calcif Tissue Int 1996 Dec;59(6):433-7.
Law AN, Bollen AM, Chen SK. Detecting osteoporosis using dental radiographs: a comparison of four methods. J Am Dent Assoc 1996 Dec;127(12):1734-42.
Ledgerton D, Horner K, Devlin H. Osteoporosis research: A dental perspective. Radiography 1997;3(4):265-77.
Loza JC, Carpio LC, Dziak R. Osteoporosis and its relationship to oral bone loss. Curr Opin Periodontol 1996;3:27-33.
May H, Reader R, Murphy S, Khaw KT. Self-reported tooth loss and bone mineral density in older men and women. Age Ageing 1995 May;24(3):217-21.
Mohammad AR, Alder M, McNally MA. A pilot study of panoramic film density at selected sites in the mandible to predict osteoporosis. Int J Prosthodont 1996 May-Jun;9(3):290-4.
Mohammad AR, Bauer RL, Yeh CK. Spinal bone density and tooth loss in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Int J Prosthodont 1997 Jul-Aug;10(4):381-5.
Mohammad AR, Brunsvold M, Bauer R. The strength of association between systemic postmenopausal osteoporosis and periodontal disease. Int J Prosthodont 1996 Sep-Oct;9(5):479-83.
Payne JB, Reinhardt RA, Nummikoski PV, Patil KD. Longitudinal alveolar bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporotic/osteopenic women. Osteoporos Int 1999;10(1):34-40.
Payne JB, Zachs NR, Reinhardt RA, Nummikoski PV, Patil K. The association between estrogen status and alveolar bone density changes in postmenopausal women with a history of periodontitis. J Periodontol 1997 Jan;68(1):24-31.
Reinhardt RA, Payne JB, Maze CA, Patil KD, Gallagher SJ, Mattson JS. Influence of estrogen and osteopenia/osteoporosis on clinical periodontitis in postmenopausal women. J Periodontol 1999 Aug;70(8):823-8.
Southard TE, Southard KA. Detection of simulated osteoporosis in maxillae using radiographic texture analysis. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1996 Feb;43(2):123-32.
Southard TE, Southard KA, Jakobsen JR, Hillis SL, Najim CA. Fractal dimension in radiographic analysis of alveolar process bone. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1996 Nov;82(5):569-76.
Streckfus CF, Parsell DE, Streckfus JE, Pennington W, Johnson RB. Relationship between oral alveolar bone loss and aging among African-American and Caucasian individuals. Gerontology 1999;45(2):110-4.
Taguchi A, Suei Y, Ohtsuka M, Otani K, Tanimoto K, Ohtaki M. Usefulness of panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. Width and morphology of inferior cortex of the mandible. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1996 Nov;25(5):263-7.
Taguchi A, Tanimoto K, Suei Y, Ohama K, Wada T. Relationship between the mandibular and lumbar vertebral bone mineral density at different postmenopausal stages. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1996 Jun;25(3):130-5.
Taguchi A, Tanimoto K, Suei Y, Otani K, Wada T. Oral signs as indicators of possible osteoporosis in elderly women. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1995 Nov;80(5):612-6.
Taguchi A, Tanimoto K, Suei Y, Wada T. Tooth loss and mandibular osteopenia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1995 Jan;79(1):127-32.
Tomaszewski T. Evaluation of mandible bone density by a radiovisiography method. Detecting osteoporotic changes. Med Sci Monit 1997;3(6):937-42.
Ulm CW, Solar P, Gsellmann B, Matejka M, Watzek G. The edentulous maxillary alveolar process in the region of the maxillary sinus--a study of physical dimension. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995 Aug;24(4):279-82.
Von Wowern N, Klausen B, Hylander E. Bone loss and oral state in patients on home parenteral nutrition. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1996;20(2):105-9.
Watson EL, Katz RV, Adelezzi R, Gift HC, Dunn SM. The measurement of mandibular cortical bone height in osteoporotic vs. non-osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Spec Care Dentist 1995 May-Jun;15(3):124-8.
White SC, Rudolph DJ. Alterations of the trabecular pattern of the jaws in patients with osteoporosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999 Nov;88(5):628-35.
XI. Pathophysiology
XI. A. General
Abrahamsen B, Bendtzen K, Beck-Nielsen H. Cytokines and T-lymphocyte subsets in healthy post-menopausal women: estrogen retards bone loss without affecting the release of IL-1 or IL-1ra. Bone 1997 Mar;20(3):251-8.
Aguado F, Revilla M, Villa LF, Rico H. Cortical bone resorption in osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Apr;60(4):323-6.
Akgul C, Vural P, Canbaz M. Impact of calcitonin on urinary excretion of prostaglandins during menopause. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1998;46(3):199-201.
Axelrod DW. Pathogenesis of the osteoporoses. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 1997 Jun 30;64(6 Suppl):15S-19S.
Barrett-Connor E, Kritz-Silverstein D. Does hyperinsulinemia preserve bone? Diabetes Care 1996;19(12):1388-92.
Bauer DC, Nevitt MC, Ettinger B, Stone K. Low thyrotropin levels are not associated with bone loss in older women: a prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997 Sep;82(9):2931-6.
Becherini L, Frediani U, Gennari L, Gori F, Fiorelli G, Tanini A, Brandi ML. Role of estrogenic and antiestrogenic molecules in osteoclastogenesis. Ital J Miner Electrolyte Metab 1997;11(1):1-8.
Bell KL, Loveridge N, Lindsay PC, Lunt M, Garrahan N, Compston JE, Reeve J. Cortical remodeling following suppression of endogenous estrogen with analogs of gonadotrophin releasing hormone. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Aug;12(8):1231-40.
Boonen S, Aerssens J, Broos P, Pelemans W, Dequeker J. Age-related bone loss and senile osteoporosis: evidence for both secondary hyperparathyroidism and skeletal growth factor deficiency in the elderly. Aging (Milano) 1995 Dec;7(6):414-22.
Boonen S, Aerssens J, Dequeker J. Age-related endocrine deficiencies and fractures of the proximal femur. I implications of growth hormone deficiency in the elderly. J Endocrinol 1996 Apr;149(1):7-12.
Boonen S, Aerssens J, Dequeker J, Nicholson P, Cheng X, Lowet G, Verbeke G, Bouillon R. Age-associated decline in human femoral neck cortical and trabecular content of insulin-like growth factor I: potential implications for age-related (type II) osteoporotic fracture occurrence. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Sep;61(3):173-8.
Boonen S, Broos P, Verbeke G, Aerssens J, Van Herck E, Jans I, Dequeker J, Bouillon R. Calciotropic hormones and markers of bone remodeling in age-related (type II) femoral neck osteoporosis: alterations consistent with secondary hyperparathyroidism-induced bone resorption. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1997 Sep;52(5):M286-93.
Brixen K, Kassem M, Nielsen HK, Loft AG, Flyvbjerg A, Mosekilde L. Short-term treatment with growth hormone stimulates osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity in osteopenic postmenopausal women: a dose response study. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Dec;10(12):1865-74.
Burr DB, Forwood MR, Fyhrie DP, Martin RB, Schaffler MB, Turner CH. Bone microdamage and skeletal fragility in osteoporotic and stress fractures. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Jan;12(1):6-15.
Burr DB, Turner CH, Naick P, Forwood MR, Ambrosius W, Hasan MS, Pidaparti R. Does microdamage accumulation affect the mechanical properties of bone? J Biomech 1998;31(4):337-45.
Byers RJ, Denton J, Hoyland JA, Freemont AJ. Differential patterns of altered bone formation in different bone compartments in established osteoporosis. J Clin Pathol 1999 Jan;52(1):23-8.
Byers RJ, Denton J, Hoyland JA, Freemont AJ. Differential patterns of osteoblast dysfunction in trabecular bone in patients with established osteoporosis. J Clin Pathol 1997 Sep;50(9):760-4.
Chai B, Tang X, Li H. Osteoclastic resorption of Haversian systems in cortical bone of femoral neck in aged women. A scanning electron microscopic study. Chin Med J (Engl) 1996 Sep;109(9):705-10.
Chai B, Tang X, Zhou W, Li H. A scanning electron microscopic study of trabeculae in osteoporotic femoral head. Chin Med J (Engl) 1996 May;109(5):399-403.
Chen JT, Shiraki M, Hasumi K, Tanaka N, Katase K, Kato T, Hirai Y, Nakamura T, Ogata E. 1-alpha-Hydroxyvitamin D3 treatment decreases bone turnover and modulates calcium-regulating hormones in early postmenopausal women. Bone 1997 Jun;20(6):557-62.
Chigira M. Mechanical optimization of bone. Med Hypotheses 1996 Apr;46(4):327-30.
Chorev M, Dresner-Pollak R, Eshel Y, Rosenblatt M. Approach to discovering novel therapeutic agents for osteoporosis based on integrin receptor blockade. Biopolymers 1995;37(6):367-75.
Crawford-Sharpe G, Rosen CJ. Insulin-like growth factor-I and the skeleton: New perspectives. Endocrinologist 1999;9(2):81-6.
Dawson-Hughes B, Fowler SE, Dalsky G, Gallagher C. Sodium excretion influences calcium homeostasis in elderly men and women. J Nutr 1996 Sep;126(9):2107-12.
Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Dallal GE. Plasma calcidiol, season, and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in healthy elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 1997 Jan;65(1):67-71.
Dempster DW, Parisien M, Silverberg SJ, Liang XG, Schnitzer M, Shen V, Shane E, Kimmel DB, Recker R, Lindsay R, Bilezikian JP. On the mechanism of cancellous bone preservation in postmenopausal women with mild primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999 May;84(5):1562-6.
Dobnig H, Kainer F, Stepan V, Winter R, Lipp R, Schaffer M, Kahr A, Nocnik S, Patterer G, Leb G. Elevated parathyroid hormone-related peptide levels after human gestation: Relationship to changes in bone and mineral metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80(12):3699-707.
Duncan RL, Turner CH. Mechanotransduction and the functional response of bone to mechanical strain. Calcif Tissue Int 1995;57(5):344-58.
Ershler WB, Harman SM, Keller ET. Immunologic aspects of osteoporosis. Dev Comp Immunol 1997 Nov-Dec;21(6):487-99.
Evans DM, Ralston SH. Nitric oxide and bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1996;11(3):300-5.
Fraser WD, Logue FC, Christie JP, Gallacher SJ, Cameron D, O'Reilly DS, Beastall GH, Boyle IT. Alteration of the circadian rhythm of intact parathyroid hormone and serum phosphate in women with established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(2):121-6.
Ghiron LJ, Thompson JL, Holloway L, Hintz RL, Butterfield GE, Hoffman AR, Marcus R. Effects of recombinant insulin-like growth factor-I and growth hormone on bone turnover in elderly women. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Dec;10(12):1844-52.
Giustina A, Bussi AR, Jacobello C, Wehrenberg WB. Effects of recombinant human growth hormone (GH) on bone and intermediary metabolism in patients receiving chronic glucocorticoid treatment with suppressed endogenous GH response to GH-releasing hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80(1):122-9.
Gori F, Thomas T, Hicok KC, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Differentiation of human marrow stromal precursor cells: bone morphogenetic protein-2 increases OSF2/CBFA1, enhances osteoblast commitment, and inhibits late adipocyte maturation. J Bone Miner Res 1999 Sep;14(9):1522-35.
Greenspan SL, Holland S, Maitland-Ramsey L, Poku M, Freeman A, Yuan W, Kher U, Gertz B. Alendronate stimulation of nocturnal parathyroid hormone secretion: a mechanism to explain the continued improvement in bone mineral density accompanying alendronate therapy. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1996 May;108(3):230-8. Published erratum appears in Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1996 Jul;108(4):following table of contents.
Heaney RP. Pathophysiology of osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1998 Jun;27(2):255-65.
Heshmati HM, Khosla S, Burritt MF, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. A defect in renal calcium conservation may contribute to the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Jun;83(6):1916-20.
Hofbauer LC, Gori F, Riggs BL, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Spelsberg TC, Khosla S. Stimulation of osteoprotegerin ligand and inhibition of osteoprotegerin production by glucocorticoids in human osteoblastic lineage cells: potential paracrine mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Endocrinology 1999 Oct;140(10):4382-9. Comment in: Endocrinology 1999 Oct;140(10):4377-81.
Hofbauer LC, Khosla S, Dunstan CR, Lacey DL, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Estrogen stimulates gene expression and protein production of osteoprotegerin in human osteoblastic cells. Endocrinology 1999 Sep;140(9):4367-70.
Hofbauer LC, Lacey DL, Dunstan CR, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not interleukin-6, stimulate osteoprotegerin ligand gene expression in human osteoblastic cells. Bone 1999 Sep;25(3):255-9.
Kassem M, Brixen K, Mosekilde L, Blum WF, Flyvbjerg A. Effects of growth hormone treatment on serum levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF binding proteins 1-4 in postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998 Dec;49(6):747-56.
Kassem M, Khosla S, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Cytokine production in the bone marrow microenvironment: failure to demonstrate estrogen regulation in early postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 Feb;81(2):513-8.
Kassem M, Okazaki R, De Leon D, Harris SA, Robinson JA, Spelsberg TC, Conover CA, Riggs BL. Potential mechanism of estrogen-mediated decrease in bone formation: estrogen increases production of inhibitory insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1996 Mar;108(2):155-64.
Ledger GA, Burritt MF, Kao PC, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL, Khosla S. Role of parathyroid hormone in mediating nocturnal and age-related increases in bone resorption. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 Nov;80(11):3304-10.
Lim SK, Won YJ, Lee JH, Kwon SH, Lee EJ, Kim KR, Lee HC, Huh KB, Chung BC. Altered hydroxylation of estrogen in patients with postmenopausal osteopenia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82(4):1001-6.
McKane WR, Khosla S, Burritt MF, Kao PC, Wilson DM, Ory SJ, Riggs BL. Mechanism of renal calcium conservation with estrogen replacement therapy in women in early postmenopause--a clinical research center study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995 Dec;80(12):3458-64.
McKane WR, Khosla S, Egan KS, Robins SP, Burritt MF, Riggs BL. Role of calcium intake in modulating age-related increases in parathyroid function and bone resorption. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 May;81(5):1699-703. Comment in: J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 May;81(5):1697-8.
McKane WR, Khosla S, Risteli J, Robins SP, Muhs JM, Riggs BL. Role of estrogen deficiency in pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone resorption in elderly women. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1997 Mar;109(2):174-80.
Mellibovsky L, Diez A, Serrano S, Aubia J, Perez-Vila E, Marinoso ML, Nogues X, Recker RR. Bone remodeling alterations in myelodysplastic syndrome. Bone 1996 Oct;19(4):401-5.
Mohan S, Farley JR, Baylink DJ. Age-related changes in IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5 levels in human serum and bone: implications for bone loss with aging. Prog Growth Factor Res 1995;6(2-4):465-73.
Nasu M, Sugimoto T, Chihara M, Mitsuo H, Kurimoto F, Chihara K. Effect of natural menopause on serum levels of IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins: Relationship with bone mineral density and lipid metabolism in perimenopausal women. Eur J Endocrinol 1997;136(6):608-16.
Nawata H, Tanaka S, Tanaka S, Takayanagi R, Sakai Y, Yanase T, Ikuyama S, Haji M. Aromatase in bone cell: association with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1995 Jun;53(1-6):165-74.
Need AG, Morris HA, Horowitz M, Nordin BE. The response to calcitriol therapy in postmenopausal osteoporotic women is a function of initial calcium absorptive status. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Jul;61(1):6-9.
Nierman DM, Mechanick JI. Bone hyperresorption is prevalent in chronically critically ill patients. Chest 1998;114(4):1122-8.
Ohlsson C, Bengtsson BA, Isaksson OGP, Andreassen TT, Slootweg MC. Growth hormone and bone. Endocr Rev 1998;19(1):55-79.
Oreffo RO, Bord S, Triffitt JT. Skeletal progenitor cells and ageing human populations. Clin Sci (Colch) 1998 May;94(5):549-55.
Papadopoulos NG, Georganas K, Skoutellas V, Konstantellos E, Lyritis GP. Correlation of interleukin-6 serum levels with bone density in postmenopausal women. Clin Rheumatol 1997 Mar;16(2):162-5.
Papiha SS, Rathod H, Briceno I, Pooley J, Datta HK. Age related somatic mitochondrial DNA deletions in bone. J Clin Pathol 1998 Feb;51(2):117-20.
Parfitt AM, Villanueva AR, Foldes J, Rao DS. Relations between histologic indices of bone formation: implications for the pathogenesis of spinal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Mar;10(3):466-73.
Patel S, Pazianas M, Tobias J, Chambers TJ, Fox S, Chow J. Early effects of hormone replacement therapy on bone. Bone 1999 Mar;24(3):245-8.
Petilli M, Fiorelli G, Benvenuti S, Frediani U, Gori F, Brandi ML. Interactions between ipriflavone and the estrogen receptor. Calcif Tissue Int 1995;56(2):160-5.
Pocock AE, Francis MJ, Smith R. Type I collagen biosynthesis by skin fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis. Clin Sci (Colch) 1995 Jul;89(1):69-73.
Prince RL, Dick I, Devine A, Price RI, Gutteridge DH, Kerr D, Criddle A, Garcia-Webb P, St John A. The effects of menopause and age on calcitropic hormones: a cross-sectional study of 655 healthy women aged 35 to 90. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Jun;10(6):835-42.
Prince RL, Dick IM, Lemmon J, Randell D. The pathogenesis of age-related osteoporotic fracture: effects of dietary calcium deprivation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997 Jan;82(1):260-4.
Prockop DJ. What holds us together? Why do some of us fall apart? What can we do about it? Matrix Biol 1998;16(9):519-28.
Rehman MT, Hoyland JA, Denton J, Freemont AJ. Histomorphometric classification of postmenopausal osteoporosis: implications for the management of osteoporosis. J Clin Pathol 1995 Mar;48(3):229-35.
Rickard DJ, Hofbauer LC, Bonde SK, Gori F, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Bone morphogenetic protein-6 production in human osteoblastic cell lines. Selective regulation by estrogen. J Clin Invest 1998 Jan 15;101(2):413-22.
Rickard DJ, Kassem M, Hefferan TE, Sarkar G, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Isolation and characterization of osteoblast precursor cells from human bone marrow. J Bone Miner Res 1996 Mar;11(3):312-24.
Riggs BL, Khosla S, Melton LJ 3rd. A unitary model for involutional osteoporosis: estrogen deficiency causes both type I and type II osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and contributes to bone loss in aging men. J Bone Miner Res 1998 May;13(5):763-73. Comment in: J Bone Miner Res 1998 May;13(5):774-6 and J Bone Miner Res 1998 Dec;13(12):1954-5.
Riggs BL, Melton LJ 3rd, O'Fallon WM. Drug therapy for vertebral fractures in osteoporosis: evidence that decreases in bone turnover and increases in bone mass both determine antifracture efficacy. Bone 1996 Mar;18(3 Suppl):197S-201S.
Riggs BL, O'Fallon WM, Muhs J, O'Connor MK, Kumar R, Melton LJ 3rd. Long-term effects of calcium supplementation on serum parathyroid hormone level, bone turnover, and bone loss in elderly women. J Bone Miner Res 1998 Feb;13(2):168-74.
Ritzel H, Amling M, Posl M, Hahn M, Delling G. The thickness of human vertebral cortical bone and its changes in aging and osteoporosis: a histomorphometric analysis of the complete spinal column from thirty-seven autopsy specimens. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Jan;12(1):89-95.
Robinson JA, Harris SA, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Estrogen regulation of human osteoblastic cell proliferation and differentiation. Endocrinology 1997 Jul;138(7):2919-27.
Rodriguez JP, Garat S, Gajardo H, Pino AM, Seitz G. Abnormal osteogenesis in osteoporotic patients is reflected by altered mesenchymal stem cells dynamics. J Cell Biochem 1999;75(3):414-23.
Rong H, Saaf M, Torring O, Sjostedt U, Bucht E. Circulating monomer-like calcitonin in osteoporotic patients. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(5):394-8.
Rosen CJ, Verault D, Steffens C, Cheleuitte D, Glowacki J. Effects of age and estrogen status on the skeletal IGF regulatory system. Studies with human marrow. Endocrine 1997 Aug;7(1):77-80.
Roux JP, Arlot ME, Gineyts E, Meunier PJ, Delmas PD. Automatic-interactive measurement of resorption cavities in transiliac bone biopsies and correlation with deoxypyridinoline. Bone 1995 Aug;17(2):153-6.
Samuels MH, Veldhuis JD, Kramer P, Urban RJ, Bauer R, Mundy GR. Episodic secretion of parathyroid hormone in postmenopausal women: Assessment by deconvolution analysis and approximate entropy. J Bone Miner Res 1997;12(4):616-23.
Scopacasa F, Horowitz M, Need AG, Morris HA, Nordin BE. The effects of low dose norethisterone on biochemical variables in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(6):494-8.
Silverberg SJ, Bone HG 3rd, Marriott TB, Locker FG, Thys-Jacobs S, Dziem G, Kaatz S, Sanguinetti EL, Bilezikian JP. Short-term inhibition of parathyroid hormone secretion by a calcium-receptor agonist in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. N Engl J Med 1997 Nov 20;337(21):1506-10.
Stein B, Yang MX. Repression of the interleukin-6 promoter by estrogen receptor is mediated by NF-kappaB and C/EBPbeta. Mol Cell Biol 1995;15(9):4971-9.
Straub RH, Konecna L, Hrach S, Rothe G, Kreutz M, Scholmerich J, Falk W, Lang B. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate are negatively correlated with serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), and DHEA inhibits IL-6 secretion from mononuclear cells in man in vitro: Possible link between endocrinosenescence and immunosenescence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83(6):2012-7.
Sunyer T, Lewis J, Collin-Osdoby P, Osdoby P. Estrogen's bone-protective effects may involve differential IL-1 receptor regulation in human osteoclast-like cells. J Clin Invest 1999;103(10):1409-18.
Takada J, Chevalley T, Baylink DJ, Lau KH. Dexamethasone enhances the osteogenic effects of fluoride in human TE85 osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Calcif Tissue Int 1996;58(5):355-61.
Takeuchi M, Tokin M, Nagata K. Tamoxifen directly stimulates the mineralization of human osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells through a pathway independent of estrogen response element. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995;210(2):295-301.
Tau KR, Hefferan TE, Waters KM, Robinson JA, Subramaniam M, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. Estrogen regulation of a transforming growth factor-beta inducible early gene that inhibits deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in human osteoblasts. Endocrinology 1998 Mar;139(3):1346-53.
Thomas T, Gori F, Khosla S, Jensen MD, Burguera B, Riggs BL. Leptin acts on human marrow stromal cells to enhance differentiation to osteoblasts and to inhibit differentiation to adipocytes. Endocrinology 1999 Apr;140(4):1630-8.
Thomas T, Gori F, Spelsberg TC, Khosla S, Riggs BL, Conover CA. Response of bipotential human marrow stromal cells to insulin-like growth factors: effect on binding protein production, proliferation, and commitment to osteoblasts and adipocytes. Endocrinology 1999 Nov;140(11):5036-44.
Tsuboi M, Kawakami A, Nakashima T, Matsuoka N, Urayama S, Kawabe Y, Fujiyama K, Kiriyama T, Aoyagi T, Maeda K, Eguchi K. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta increase the Fas-mediated apoptosis of human osteoblasts. J Lab Clin Med 1999 Sep;134(3):222-31.
van Hoof HJ, van der Mooren MJ, Swinkels LM, Sweep CG, Merkus JM, Benraad TJ. Female sex hormone replacement therapy increases serum free 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: a 1-year prospective study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1999 Apr;50(4):511-6.
Vestergaard P, Hermann AP, Orskov H, Mosekilde L. Effect of sex hormone replacement on the insulin-like growth factor system and bone mineral: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study in 595 perimenopausal women participating in the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999 Jul;84(7):2286-90.
Villanueva AR, Shih MS, Parfitt AM. Nuclear profile area of osteoblasts in normal, osteoporotic, and fluoride-treated subjects. J Histotechnol 1996;19(4):313-5.
Weinstein RS, Jilka RL, Parfitt AM, Manolagas SC. Inhibition of osteoblastogenesis and promotion of apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes by glucocorticoids. Potential mechanisms of their deleterious effects on bone. J Clin Invest 1998 Jul 15;102(2):274-82.
Wiren KM, Zhang X, Chang C, Keenan E, Orwoll ES. Transcriptional up-regulation of the human androgen receptor by androgen in bone cells. Endocrinology 1997 Jun;138(6):2291-300.
Yano K, Tsuda E, Washida N, Kobayashi F, Goto M, Harada A, Ikeda K, Higashio K, Yamada Y. Immunological characterization of circulating osteoprotegerin/osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor: increased serum concentrations in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1999 Apr;14(4):518-27.
Yasumizu T, Fukada Y, Hoshi K. Changes in serum levels of type I collagen-related proteins after surgically induced menopause and correlations with bone loss in the lumbar spine. Endocr J 1999 Apr;46(2):337-43.
Zheng SX, Vrindts Y, Lopez M, De Groote D, Zangerle PF, Collette J, Franchimont N, Geenen V, Albert A, Reginster JY. Increase in cytokine production (IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha but not IFN-gamma, GM-CSF or LIF) by stimulated whole blood cells in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Maturitas 1997 Jan;26(1):63-71.
Zofkova I, Kancheva RL, Bendlova B. Effect of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 on circulating insulin-like growth factor-I and beta 2 microglobulin in patients with osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Mar;60(3):236-9.
XI. B. Bone Mechanics
Frost HM. Defining osteopenias and osteoporoses: another view (with insights from a new paradigm). Bone 1997 May;20(5):385-91.
Frost HM. On our age-related bone loss: insights from a new paradigm. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Oct;12(10):1539-46.
Frost HM. Strain and other mechanical influences on bone strength and maintenance. Curr Opin Orthop 1997;8(5):60-70.
Frost HM. Why do marathon runners have less bone than weight lifters? A vital-biomechanical view and explanation. Bone 1997 Mar;20(3):183-9. Comment in: Bone 1997 Mar;20(3):179-81.
Keaveny TM, Wachtel EF, Kopperdahl DL. Mechanical behavior of human trabecular bone after overloading. J Orthop Res 1999;17(3):346-53.
Keyak JH, Rossi SA, Jones KA, Skinner HB. Prediction of femoral fracture load using automated finite element modeling. J Biomech 1998;31(2):125-33.
Kinney JH, Ladd AJ. The relationship between three-dimensional connectivity and the elastic properties of trabecular bone. J Bone Miner Res 1998 May;13(5):839-45.
Lanyon LE. Using functional loading to influence bone mass and architecture: objectives, mechanisms, and relationship with estrogen of the mechanically adaptive process in bone. Bone 1996 Jan;18(1 Suppl):37S-43S.
Lee TQ, Shapiro TA, Bell DM. Biomechanical properties of human tibias in long-term spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev 1997 Jul;34(3):295-302.
Li B, Aspden RM. Composition and mechanical properties of cancellous bone from the femoral head of patients with osteoporosis or osteoarthritis. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Apr;12(4):641-51.
Li B, Aspden RM. Material properties of bone from the femoral neck and calcar femorale of patients with osteoporosis or osteoarthritis. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(5):450-6.
Li B, Aspden RM. Mechanical and material properties of the subchondral bone plate from the femoral head of patients with osteoarthritis or osteoporosis. Ann Rheum Dis 1997 Apr;56(4):247-54.
Li B, Marshall D, Roe M, Aspden RM. The electron microscope appearance of the subchondral bone plate in the human femoral head in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. J Anat 1999 Jul;195(Pt 1):101-10.
McCubbrey DA, Cody DD, Paterson EL, Kuhn JL, Flynn MJ, Goldstein SA. Static and fatigue failure properties of thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies and their relation to regional density. J Biomech 1995;28(8):891-9.
Mullender MG, van der Meer DD, Huiskes R, Lips P. Osteocyte density changes in aging and osteoporosis. Bone 1996 Feb;18(2):109-13.
Neidlinger-Wilke C, Stalla I, Claes L, Brand R, Hoellen I, Rubenacker S, Arand M, Kinzl L. Human osteoblasts from younger normal and osteoporotic donors show differences in proliferation and TGF beta-release in response to cyclic strain. J Biomech 1995 Dec;28(12):1411-8.
Oden ZM, Selvitelli DM, Bouxsein ML. Effect of local density changes on the failure load of the proximal femur. J Orthop Res 1999;17(5):661-7.
Pietruszczak S, Inglis D, Pande GN. A fabric-dependent fracture criterion for bone. J Biomech 1999 Oct;32(10):1071-9.
Pinilla TP, Boardman KC, Bouxsein ML, Myers ER, Hayes WC. Impact direction from a fall influences the failure load of the proximal femur as much as age-related bone loss. Calcif Tissue Int 1996 Apr;58(4):231-5.
Tohmeh AG, Mathis JM, Fenton DC, Levine AM, Belkoff SM. Biomechanical efficacy of unipedicular versus bipedicular vertebroplasty for the management of osteoporotic compression fractures. Spine 1999 Sep 1;24(17):1772-6.
Ulrich D, van Rietbergen B, Laib A, Ruegsegger P. Load transfer analysis of the distal radius from in-vivo high-resolution CT-imaging. J Biomech 1999 Aug;32(8):821-8.
Van Der Perre G, Lowet G. In vivo assessment of bone mechanical properties by vibration and ultrasonic wave propagation analysis. Bone 1996 Jan;18(1 Suppl):29S-35S.
Werner HJ, Martin H, Behrend D, Schmitz KP, Schober HC. The loss of stiffness as osteoporosis progresses. Med Eng Phys 1996 Oct;18(7):601-6.
XI. C. Bone Structure
Nicholson PH, Cheng XG, Lowet G, Boonen S, Davie MW, Dequeker J, Van der Perre G. Structural and material mechanical properties of human vertebral cancellous bone. Med Eng Phys 1997 Dec;19(8):729-37.
Oda K, Shibayama Y, Abe M, Onomura T. Morphogenesis of vertebral deformities in involutional osteoporosis. Age-related, three-dimensional trabecular structure. Spine 1998 May 1;23(9):1050-5, discussion 1056.
Oxlund H, Mosekilde L, Ortoft G. Reduced concentration of collagen reducible cross links in human trabecular bone with respect to age and osteoporosis. Bone 1996;19(5):479-84.
Parisien M, Cosman F, Mellish RW, Schnitzer M, Nieves J, Silverberg SJ, Shane E, Kimmel D, Recker RR, Bilezikian JP, et al. Bone structure in postmenopausal hyperparathyroid, osteoporotic, and normal women. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Sep;10(9):1393-9.
Paschalis EP, Betts F, DiCarlo E, Mendelsohn R, Boskey AL. FTIR microspectroscopic analysis of human iliac crest biopsies from untreated osteoporotic bone. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Dec;61(6):487-92.
Peacock M, Liu G, Carey M, Ambrosius W, Turner CH, Hui S, Johnston CC Jr. Bone mass and structure at the hip in men and women over the age of 60 years. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(3):231-9.
Pothuaud L, Lespessailles E, Harba R, Jennane R, Royant V, Eynard E, Benhamou CL. Fractal analysis of trabecular bone texture on radiographs: discriminant value in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(6):618-25.
Roschger P, Fratzl P, Eschberger J, Klaushofer K. Validation of quantitative backscattered electron imaging for the measurement of mineral density distribution in human bone biopsies. Bone 1998 Oct;23(4):319-26. Comment in: Bone 1999 Jun;24(6):619-21.
Roux C, Kolta S, Fechtenbaum J, Dougados M. Hip axis length measurement using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 1997;64(4):243-8.
Seeman E, Formica C, Mosekilde L. Equivalent deficits in bone mass of the vertebral body and posterior processes in women with vertebral fractures: implications regarding the pathogenesis of spinal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1995 Dec;10(12):2005-10.
Silva MJ, Gibson LJ. Modeling the mechanical behavior of vertebral trabecular bone: Effects of age-related changes in microstructure. Bone 1997;21(2):191-9.
Sone T, Tomomitsu T, Miyake M, Takeda N, Fukunaga M. Age-related changes in vertebral height ratios and vertebral fracture. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(2):113-8.
Sugita H, Oka M, Toguchida J, Nakamura T, Ueo T, Hayami T. Anisotropy of osteoporotic cancellous bone. Bone 1999 May;24(5):513-6.
Tanizawa T, Itoh A, Uchiyama T, Zhang L, Yamamoto N. Changes in cortical width with bone turnover in the three different endosteal envelopes of the ilium in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone 1999 Oct;25(4):493-9.
Thomsen JS, Barlach J, Mosekilde L. Determination of connectivity density in human iliac crest bone biopsies assessed by a computerized method. Bone 1996 May;18(5):459-65.
Thomsen JS, Mosekilde L, Mosekilde E. Quantification of remodeling parameter sensitivity--assessed by a computer simulation model. Bone 1996 Nov;19(5):505-11.
Uchiyama T, Tanizawa T, Muramatsu H, Endo N, Takahashi HE, Hara T. A morphometric comparison of trabecular structure of human ilium between microcomputed tomography and conventional histomorphometry. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Dec;61(6):493-8.
Ulrich D, van Rietbergen B, Laib A, Ruegsegger P. The ability of three-dimensional structural indices to reflect mechanical aspects of trabecular bone. Bone 1999 Jul;25(1):55-60.
van Rietbergen B, Majumdar S, Pistoia W, Newitt DC, Kothari M, Laib A, Ruegsegger P. Assessment of cancellous bone mechanical properties from micro-FE models based on micro-CT, pQCT and MR images. Technol Health Care 1998 Dec;6(5-6):413-20.
Vedi S, Compston JE. The effects of long-term hormone replacement therapy on bone remodeling in postmenopausal women. Bone 1996 Nov;19(5):535-9.
Vedi S, Croucher PI, Garrahan NJ, Compston JE. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on cancellous bone microstructure in postmenopausal women. Bone 1996 Jul;19(1):69-72.
Wessels M, Mason RP, Antich PP, Zerwekh JE, Pak CY. Connectivity in human cancellous bone by three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Med Phys 1997 Sep;24(9):1409-20.
Xu S, Liu S, Bao K. Development and application of an instrument for analysis of bone structure on radiographs. J Tongji Med Univ 1997;17(1):61-4.
Yang RS, Wang SS, Liu TK. Proximal femoral dimension in elderly Chinese women with hip fractures in Taiwan. Osteoporos Int 1999;10(2):109-13.
Yeh OC, Keaveny TM. Biomechanical effects of intraspecimen variations in trabecular architecture: A three-dimensional finite element study. Bone 1999;25(2):223-8.
XII. Quality of Life
Ali NS. Predictors of quality of life in women: hormone therapy self-efficacy and health-promoting behaviors. Women Health 1999;29(2):69-79.
Begerow B, Pfeifer M, Pospeschill M, Scholz M, Schlotthauer T, Lazarescu A, Pollaehne W, Minne HW. Time since vertebral fracture: An important variable concerning quality of life in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1999;10(1):26-33.
Cantarelli FB, Szejnfeld VL, Oliveira LM, Ciconelli RM, Ferraz MB. Quality of life in patients with osteoporosis fractures: Cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Osteoporosis Assessment Questionnaire. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1999;17(5):547-51.
Chandler JM, Martin AR, Girman C, Ross PD, Love-McClung B, Lydick E, Yawn BP. Reliability of an Osteoporosis-Targeted Quality of Life Survey Instrument for use in the community: OPTQoL. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(2):127-35.
Cook DJ, Guyatt GH, Adachi JD, Epstein RS, Juniper EF, Austin PA, Clifton J, Rosen CJ, Kesennich CR, Stock JL, Overdorf J, Miller PD, Erickson AL, McLung M, Love B, Griffith LE. Measuring quality of life in women with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(5):478-87.
Cooper C. The crippling consequences of fractures and their impact on quality of life. Am J Med 1997;103(2 Pt A):12S-19S.
Cortet B, Houvenagel E, Puisieux F, Roches E, Garnier P, Delcambre B. Spinal curvatures and quality of life in women with vertebral fractures secondary to osteoporosis. Spine 1999 Sep 15;24(18):1921-5.
Cott CA, Gignac MA. Independence and dependence for older adults with osteoarthritis or osteoporosis. Can J Aging 1999;18(1):1-25.
Dolan P, Torgerson D, Kakarlapudi TK. Health-related quality of life of Colles' fracture patients. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(3):196-9.
Gabriel SE, Kneeland TS, Melton LJ 3rd, Moncur MM, Ettinger B, Tosteson AN. Health-related quality of life in economic evaluations for osteoporosis: whose values should we use? Med Decis Making 1999 Apr-Jun;19(2):141-8.
Galindo-Ciocon D, Ciocon JO, Galindo D. Functional impairment among elderly women with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Rehabil Nurs 1995 Mar-Apr;20(2):79-83.
Gold DT. The clinical impact of vertebral fractures: quality of life in women with osteoporosis. Bone 1996 Mar;18(3 Suppl):185S-189S.
Hall SE, Criddle RA, Comito TL, Prince RL. A case-control study of quality of life and functional impairment in women with long-standing vertebral osteoporotic fracture. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(6):508-15.
Helmes E, Hodsman A, Lazowski D, Bhardwaj A, Crilly R, Nichol P, Drost D, Vanderburgh L, Pederson L. A questionnaire to evaluate disability in osteoporotic patients with vertebral compression fractures. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1995 Mar;50(2):M91-8.
Ioannidis G, Adachi JD, Guyatt GH. Development and validation of the Mini-Osteoporosis Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) in osteoporotic women with back pain due to vertebral fractures. Osteoporosis Quality of Life Study Group. Osteoporos Int 1999;10(3):207-13.
Iwarsson S. Environmental influences on the cumulative structure of instrumental ADL: an example in osteoporosis patients in a Swedish rural district. Clin Rehabil 1998 Jun;12(3):221-7.
Kessenich CR, Guyatt GH, Rosen CJ. Health-related quality of life and participation in osteoporosis clinical trials. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Mar;62(3):189-92.
Leidig-Bruckner G, Minne HW, Schlaich C, Wagner G, Scheidt-Nave C, Bruckner T, Gebest HJ, Ziegler R. Clinical grading of spinal osteoporosis: quality of life components and spinal deformity in women with chronic low back pain and women with vertebral osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1997 Apr;12(4):663-75.
Lips P, Agnusdei D, Caulin F, Cooper C, Johnell O, Kanis J, Liberman U, Minne H, Reeve J, Reginster JY, de Vernejoul MC, Wiklund I. The development of a European questionnaire for quality of life in patients with vertebral osteoporosis. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 1996;103:84-5; discussion 86-8.
Lips P, Cooper C, Agnusdei D, Caulin F, Egger P, Johnell O, Kanis JA, Kellingray S, Leplege A, Liberman UA, McCloskey E, Minne H, Reeve J, Reginster JY, Scholz M, Todd C, De Vernejoul MC, Wiklund I. Quality of life in patients with vertebral fractures: Validation of the quality of life questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis (QUALEFFO). Osteoporos Int 1999;10(2):150-60.
Lips P, Cooper C, Agnusdei D, Caulin F, Egger P, Johnell O, Kanis JA, Liberman U, Minne H, Reeve J, Reginster JY, de Vernejoul MC, Wiklund I. Quality of life as outcome in the treatment of osteoporosis: the development of a questionnaire for quality of life by the European Foundation for Osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1997;7(1):36-8.
Lydick E, Martin A, Yawn B. Impact of fears on quality of life in patients with a silent disease: osteoporosis. Clin Ther 1996 Nov-Dec;18(6):1307-15.
Lydick E, Zimmerman SI, Yawn B, Love B, Kleerekoper M, Ross P, Martin A, Holmes R. Development and validation of a discriminative quality of life questionnaire for osteoporosis (the OPTQoL). J Bone Miner Res 1997 Mar;12(3):456-63.
Martin AR, Holmes R, Lydick E. Fears, knowledge, and perceptions of osteoporosis among women. Drug Inf J 1997;31(1):301-6.
Paier GS. Specter of the crone: the experience of vertebral fracture. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 1996 Mar;18(3):27-36.
Randell AG, Bhalerao N, Nguyen TV, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA, Silverman SL. Quality of life in osteoporosis: reliability, consistency, and validity of the Osteoporosis Assessment Questionnaire. J Rheumatol 1998 Jun;25(6):1171-9.
Ryan SD, Fried LP. The impact of kyphosis on daily functioning. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997;45(12):1479-86.
Salkeld G, Cameron ID, Cumming RG, Easter S, Seymour J, Kurrle SE, Quine S. Quality of life related to fear of falling and hip fracture in older women: a time trade off study. BMJ 2000 Feb 5;320(7231):341-6.
Schlaich C, Minne HW, Bruckner T, Wagner G, Gebest HJ, Grunze M, Ziegler R, Leidig-Bruckner G. Reduced pulmonary function in patients with spinal osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int 1998;8(3):261-7.
Scholz MG, Minne HW. Spinal deformity, disability, and quality of life in osteoporotic patients. Curr Opin Orthop 1998;9(5):21-7.
Silverman SL, Cranney A. Quality of life measurement in osteoporosis. J Rheumatol 1997 Jun;24(6):1218-21.
Tosteson AN. Quality of life in the economic evaluation of osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Spine 1997 Dec 15;22(24 Suppl):58S-62S.
Ulrich LG, Barlow DH, Sturdee DW, Wells M, Campbell MJ, Nielsen B, Bragg AJ, Vessey MP. Quality of life and patient preference for sequential versus continuous combined HRT: The UK Kliofem multicenter study experience. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1997;59 Suppl 1:S11-7.
XIII. Rehabilitation and Fracture Treatment
al-Allaf AW, Pal B, Reid N. An audit of post fracture rehabilitation with special emphasis on osteoporosis assessment and treatment. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1998 Jul-Aug;16(4):451-3.
Aldrete JA, Ghaly R, Zapata JC, Aldrete VT. Ambulatory pain-free treatment of compressed vertebral fractures from osteoporosis: A preliminary report. Pain Dig 1998;8(1):26-31.
Bai B, Jazrawi LM, Kummer FJ, Spivak JM. The use of an injectable, biodegradable calcium phosphate bone substitute for the prophylactic augmentation of osteoporotic vertebrae and the management of vertebral compression fractures. Spine 1999 Aug 1;24(15):1521-6.
Belkoff SM, Maroney M, Fenton DC, Mathis JM. An in vitro biomechanical evaluation of bone cements used in percutaneous vertebroplasty. Bone 1999 Aug;25(2 Suppl):23S-26S.
Bennett GJ, Serhan HA, Sorini PM, Willis BH. An experimental study of lumbar destabilization. Restabilization and bone density. Spine 1997;22(13):1448-53.
Bostrom MP, Lane JM. Future directions. Augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral bodies. Spine 1997 Dec 15;22(24 Suppl):38S-42S. Published erratum appears in Spine 1998 Sep 1;23(17):1922.
Clairmont AC, Kidd RL. Rehabilitation of the patient with osteoporosis. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am 1995;6(3):649-64.
Cortet B, Cotten A, Boutry N, Flipo RM, Duquesnoy B, Chastanet P, Delcambre B. Percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: an open prospective study. J Rheumatol 1999 Oct;26(10):2222-8.
Cotten A, Boutry N, Cortet B, Assaker R, Demondion X, Leblond D, Chastanet P, Duquesnoy B, Deramond H. Percutaneous vertebroplasty: state of the art. Radiographics 1998 Mar-Apr;18(2):311-20; discussion 320-3.
Deramond H, Depriester C, Galibert P, Le Gars D. Percutaneous vertebroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate. Technique, indications, and results. Radiol Clin North Am 1998 May;36(3):533-46.
Fitzsimmons A. Physical rehabilitation of the osteoporotic patient. Drug Inf J 1997;31(1):307-9.
Fitzsimmons A, Freundlich B, Bonner F. Osteoporosis and rehabilitation. Crit Rev Phys Rehabil Med 1997;9(3-4):331-53.
Gangi A, Dietemann JL, Guth S, Steib JP, Roy C. Computed tomography (CT) and flouroscopy-guided vertebroplasty: Results and complications in 187 patients. Semin Intervent Radiol 1999;16(2):137-42.
Jensen ME, Evans AJ, Mathis JM, Kallmes DF, Cloft HJ, Dion JE. Percutaneous polymethylmethacrylate vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures: technical aspects. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1997 Nov-Dec;18(10):1897-904.
Kagel EM, Majeska RJ, Einhorn TA. Effects of diabetes and steroids on fracture healing. Curr Opin Orthop 1995;6(5):7-13.
Kaplan RS, Sinaki M, Hameister MD. Effect of back supports on back strength in patients with osteoporosis: a pilot study. Mayo Clin Proc 1996 Mar;71(3):235-41.
Karlsson M, Nilsson JA, Sernbo I, Redlund-Johnell I, Johnell O, Obrant KJ. Changes of bone mineral mass and soft tissue composition after hip fracture. Bone 1996 Jan;18(1):19-22.
Kaye RA. Insufficiency stress fractures of the foot and ankle in postmenopausal women. Foot Ankle Int 1998 Apr;19(4):221-4.
Olson SA, Bay BK, Chapman MW, Sharkley NA. Biomechanical consequences of fracture and repair of the posterior wall of the acetabulum. J Bone Jt Surg Ser A 1995;77(8):1184-92.
Pal B, Morris J, Muddu B. The management of osteoporosis-related fractures: a survey of orthopaedic surgeons' practice. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1998 Jan-Feb;16(1):61-2.
Petersen MM, Gehrchen PM, Nielsen PK, Lund B. Loss of bone mineral of the hip assessed by DEXA following tibial shaft fractures. Bone 1997 May;20(5):491-5.
Raiszadeh K, Akbarnia BA. Surgical management of adult kyphosis: Idiopathic, posttraumatic, osteoporotic. Semin Spine Surg 1998;10(4):367-80.
Ritson F, Scott S. Physiotherapy for osteoporosis. A pilot study comparing practice and knowledge in Scotland and Sweden. Physiotherapy 1996;82(7):390-4.
Schildhauer TA, Bennett AP, Wright TM, Lane JM, O'Leary PF. Intravertebral body reconstruction with an injectable in situ-setting carbonated apatite: biomechanical evaluation of a minimally invasive technique. J Orthop Res 1999 Jan;17(1):67-72.
Sinaki M. Musculoskeletal challenges of osteoporosis. Aging (Milano) 1998 Jun;10(3):249-62.
Stappaerts KH, Deldycke J, Broos PL, Staes FF, Rommens PM, Claes P. Treatment of unstable peritrochanteric fractures in elderly patients with a compression hip screw or with the Vandeputte (VDP) endoprosthesis: a prospective randomized study. J Orthop Trauma 1995;9(4):292-7. Comment in: J Orthop Trauma 1996;10(7):515.
Wenger M, Markwalder TM, Calatayud-Maldonado V, Sonntag V, Weidner A. Surgically controlled, transpedicular methyl methacrylate vertebroplasty with fluoroscopic guidance. Acta Neurochir 1999;141(6):625-31.
XIV. Secondary Osteoporosis
XIV. A. General
Abitbol V, Chaussade S, Roux C. Mechanisms of low bone mineral density in inflammatory bowel diseases (3). Gastroenterology 1997;112(4):1428.
Abitbol V, Roux C, Guillemant S, Valleur P, Hautefeuille P, Dougados M, Couturier D, Chaussade S. Bone assessment in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for inflammatory bowel disease. Br J Surg 1997;84(11):1551-4.
Adachi JD, Rostom A. Metabolic bone disease in adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 1999 Aug;5(3):200-11.
Adachi Y, Shiota E, Matsumata T, Iso Y, Yoh R, Kitano S. Bone mineral density in patients taking H2-receptor antagonist. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Apr;62(4):283-5.
Affinito P, Sorrentino C, Farace MJ, di Carlo C, Moccia G, Canciello P, Palomba S, Nappi C. Effects of thyroxine therapy on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with hypothyroidism. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1996 Oct;75(9):843-8.
Anapliotou ML, Kastanias IT, Psara P, Evangelou EA, Liparaki M, Dimitriou P. The contribution of hypogonadism to the development of osteoporosis in thalassaemia major: new therapeutic approaches. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1995 Mar;42(3):279-87.
Andreassen H, Rungby J, Dahlerup JF, Mosekilde L. Inflammatory bowel disease and osteoporosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997 Dec;32(12):1247-55.
Angelopoulou N, Souftas V, Sakadamis A, Mandroukas K. Bone mineral density in adults with Down's syndrome. Eur Radiol 1999;9(4):648-51.
Angulo P, Therneau TM, Jorgensen RA, DeSotel CK, Egan KS, Dickson ER, Hay JE, Lindor KD. Bone disease in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: Prevalence, severity and prediction of progression. J Hepatol 1998;29(5):729-35.
Arikoski P, Komulainen J, Riikonen P, Voutilainen R, Knip M, Kroger H. Alterations in bone turnover and impaired development of bone mineral density in newly diagnosed children with cancer: A 1-year prospective study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999 Sep;84(9):3174-81.
Aris RM, Renner JB, Winders AD, Buell HE, Riggs DB, Lester GE, Ontjes DA. Increased rate of fractures and severe kyphosis: sequelae of living into adulthood with cystic fibrosis. Ann Intern Med 1998 Feb 1;128(3):186-93.
Aspray TJ, Francis RM, Thompson A, Quilliam SJ, Rawlings DJ, Tyrer SP. Comparison of ultrasound measurements at the heel between adults with mental retardation and control subjects. Bone 1998 Jun;22(6):665-8. Comment in: Bone 1999 May;24(5):525.
Bagur A, Mautalen C, Findor J, Sorda J, Somoza J. Risk factors for the development of vertebral and total skeleton osteoporosis in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1998 Nov;63(5):385-90.
Baldelli R, Perrone G, Nardone MR, Galoppi P, Provenzano A, Fabbrini A, Rocco A. The role of hyperprolactinaemia on bone mass density. Ital J Miner Electrolyte Metab 1995;9(3-4):131-5.
Baldini M, Vigna L, Gallazzi M, Orsatti A, Legnani L, Peracchi G, Poletto C, Cantalamessa L. Age and postmenopausal state related risk of axial bone demineralization in goitrous women treated with L-thyroxine. A longitudinal study. Riv Ital Biol Med 1996;16(3-4):85-90.
Bano G, Rodin DA, Pazianas M, Nussey SS. Reduced bone mineral density after surgical treatment for obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999 Apr;23(4):361-5.
Baroncelli GI, De Luca F, Magazzu G, Arrigo T, Sferlazzas C, Catena C, Bertelloni S, Saggese G. Bone demineralization in cystic fibrosis: Evidence of imbalance between bone formation and degradation. Pediatr Res 1997;41(3):397-403.
Bauman WA, Garland DE, Schwartz E. Calcium metabolism and osteoporosis in individuals with spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 1997;2(4):84-95.
Bernstein CN. Calcium and bone issues in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Int 1997;10(2):71-7.
Bernstein CN, Seeger LL, Anton PA, Artinian L, Geffrey S, Goodman W, Belin TR, Shanahan F. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of calcium supplementation for decreased bone density in corticosteroid-using patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a pilot study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996 Oct;10(5):777-86.
Brand CA, Jolley D, Tellus M, Muirden KD, Wark JD. Risk factors for osteoporosis and fracture in patients attending rheumatology outpatient clinics. Aust N Z J Med 1999 Apr;29(2):197-202. Comment in: Aust N Z J Med 1999 Apr;29(2):185-7.
Bronson WD, Walker SE, Hillman LS, Keisler D, Hoyt T, Allen SH. Bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 1998;25(5):929-35.
Brunner R, Doderlein L. Pathological fractures in patients with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop B 1996 Fall;5(4):232-8. Comment on: J Pediatr Orthop B 1996 Fall;5(4):223-4.
Burgess JR, David R, Greenaway TM, Parameswaran V, Shepherd JJ. Osteoporosis in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: severity, clinical significance, relationship to primary hyperparathyroidism, and response to parathyroidectomy. Arch Surg 1999 Oct;134(10):1119-23.
Burrows R, Leiva L, Burgueno M, Lillo R, Pumarino H, Rios G, Chavez E, Bergenfield C, Muzzo S. Bone mineral density (BMD) in children with celiac disease (CD): Its relation to puberty and calcium intake. Nutr Res 1999;19(4):493-9.
Campanello M, Herlitz H, Lindstedt G, Mellstrom D, Wilske J, Akerlund S, Jonsson O. Determinants of bone loss in patients with Kock ileal urinary reservoir. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1999;33(5):312-6.
Canatan D, Akar N, Arcasoy A. Effects of calcitonin therapy on osteoporosis in patients with thalassemia. Acta Haematol 1995;93(1):20-4.
Cann CE. Bone densitometry as an adjunct to GnRH agonist therapy. J Reprod Med 1998 Mar;43(3 Suppl):321-30.
Celiker R, Gokce-Kutsal Y, Cindas A, Ariyurek M, Renda N, Koray Z, Basgoze O. Osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis: effect of disease activity. Clin Rheumatol 1995 Jul;14(4):429-33.
Center J, Beange H, McElduff A. People with mental retardation have an increased prevalence of osteoporosis: a population study. Am J Ment Retard 1998 Jul;103(1):19-28.
Cetin A, Celiker R, Dincer F, Ariyurek M. Bone mineral density in children with juvenile chronic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 1998;17(6):551-3.
Chad KE, Bailey DA, McKay HA, Zello GA, Snyder RE. The effect of a weight-bearing physical activity program on bone mineral content and estimated volumetric density in children with spastic cerebral palsy. J Pediatr 1999 Jul;135(1):115-7.
Chen CC, Wang SS, Jeng FS, Lee SD. Metabolic bone disease of liver cirrhosis: is it parallel to the clinical severity of cirrhosis? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996 May;11(5):417-21.
Chen CJ, Yen JH, Tsai WC, Lin MB, Hsu SC, Tsai JJ, Lin HC, Lu SN, Liu GC, Lin SF, Liu HW. Decreased bone mineral density in premenopausal patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1996;12(10):567-72.
Clark HJ. Antiepileptic drug-induced bone disease. Med Update Psychiatr 1998;3(2):58-61.
Coelho R, Silva C, Maia A, Prata J, Barros H. Bone mineral density and depression: a community study in women. J Psychosom Res 1999 Jan;46(1):29-35.
Cohen A, Lancman M, Mogul H, Marks S, Smith K. Strategies to protect bone mass in the older patient with epilepsy. Geriatrics 1997 Aug;52(8):70, 75-8, 81.
Cokolic M. Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Diabetol Croat 1998 Nov;27(4):135-42.
Compston JE, Yamaguchi K, Croucher PI, Garrahan NJ, Lindsay PC, Shaw RW. The effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists on iliac crest cancellous bone structure in women with endometriosis. Bone 1995 Feb;16(2):261-7.
Cortet B, Flipo RM, Pigny P, Duquesnoy B, Boersma A, Marchandise X, Delcambre B. Is bone turnover a determinant of bone mass in rheumatoid arthritis? J Rheumatol 1998;25(12):2339-44.
Cosman F, Nieves J, Komar L, Ferrer G, Herbert J, Formica C, Shen V, Lindsay R. Fracture history and bone loss in patients with MS. Neurology 1998 Oct;51(4):1161-5.
Crosbie OM, Freaney R, McKenna MJ, Hegarty JE. Bone density, vitamin D status, and disordered bone remodeling in end- stage chronic liver disease. Calcif Tissue Int 1999;64(4):295-300.
D'Haens GR, Rutgeerts PJ. How should corticosteroids be used in inflammatory bowel disease? Clin Immunother 1996;5(5):334-40.
Davies MC, Gulekli B, Jacobs HS. Osteoporosis in Turner's syndrome and other forms of primary amenorrhoea. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1995 Dec;43(6):741-6.
de Bruin ED, Frey-Rindova P, Herzog RE, Dietz V, Dambacher MA, Stussi E. Changes of tibia bone properties after spinal cord injury: effects of early intervention. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999 Feb;80(2):214-20.
del Puente A, Pappone N, Mandes MG, Mantova D, Scarpa R, Oriente P. Determinants of bone mineral density in immobilization: a study on hemiplegic patients. Osteoporos Int 1996;6(1):50-4.
Delmas PD, Fontana A. Bone loss induced by cancer treatment and its management. Eur J Cancer 1998 Feb;34(2):260-2.
Demers LM, Costa L, Chinchilli VM, Gaydos L, Curley E, Lipton A. Biochemical markers of bone turnover in patients with metastatic bone disease. Clin Chem 1995;41(10):1489-94.
Demirel G, Yilmaz H, Paker N, Onel S. Osteoporosis after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 1998 Dec;36(12):822-5.
Deodhar AA, Brabyn J, Jones PW, Davis MJ, Woolf AD. Longitudinal study of hand bone densitometry in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1995;38(9):1204-10.
Deodhar AA, Woolf AD. Bone mass measurement and bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis: a review. Br J Rheumatol 1996 Apr;35(4):309-22.
Dequeker J, Maenaut K, Verwilghen J, Westhovens R. Osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995 Sep-Oct;13 Suppl 12:S21-6.
Di Munno O, Mazzantini M, Massei P, Ferdeghini M, Pitaro N, Latorraca A, Ferri C. Reduced bone mass and normal calcium metabolism in systemic sclerosis with and without calcinosis. Clin Rheumatol 1995 Jul;14(4):407-12.
Di Somma C, Colao A, Pivonello R, Klain M, Faggiano A, Tripodi FS, Merola B, Salvatore M, Lombardi G. Effectiveness of chronic treatment with alendronate in the osteoporosis of Cushing's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998 May;48(5):655-62.
Diamond T, Levy S, Day P, Barbagallo S, Manoharan A, Kwan YK. Biochemical, histomorphometric and densitometric changes in patients with multiple myeloma: Effects of glucocorticoid therapy and disease activity. Br J Haematol 1997;97(3):641-8.
Dmowski WP, Rana N, Pepping P, Cain DF, Clay TH. Excretion of urinary N-telopeptides reflects changes in bone turnover during ovarian suppression and indicates individually variable estradiol threshold for bone loss. Fertil Steril 1996 Dec;66(6):929-36.
Donovan DS Jr, Papadopoulos A, Staron RB, Addesso V, Schulman L, McGregor C, Cosman F, Lindsay RL, Shane E. Bone mass and vitamin D deficiency in adults with advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998 Jun;157(6 Pt 1):1892-9.
El Maghraoui A, Borderie D, Cherruau B, Edouard R, Dougados M, Roux C. Osteoporosis, body composition, and bone turnover in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol 1999 Oct;26(10):2205-9.
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Peel NF, Moore DJ, Barrington NA, Bax DE, Eastell R. Risk of vertebral fracture and relationship to bone mineral density in steroid treated rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1995 Oct;54(10):801-6.
Reginster JY, de Froidmont C, Lecart MP, Sarlet N, Defraigne JO. Alphacalcidol in prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Oct;65(4):328-31.
Reginster JY, Kuntz D, Verdickt W, Wouters M, Guillevin L, Menkes CJ, Nielsen K. Prophylactic use of alfacalcidol in corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1999;9(1):75-81.
Ringe JD, Coester A, Meng T, Schacht E, Umbach R. Treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis with alfacalcidol/calcium versus vitamin D/calcium. Calcif Tissue Int 1999 Oct;65(4):337-40.
Rizzoli R, Chevalley T, Slosman DO, Bonjour JP. Sodium monofluorophosphate increases vertebral bone mineral density in patients with corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1995 Jan;5(1):39-46.
Roux C, Oriente P, Laan R, Hughes RA, Ittner J, Goemaere S, Di Munno O, Pouilles JM, Horlait S, Cortet B. Randomized trial of effect of cyclical etidronate in the prevention of corticosteroid-induced bone loss. Ciblos Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998 Apr;83(4):1128-33.
Saag KG. Epidemiology of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis concepts and controversies. J Clin Rheumatol 1999;5(5 Suppl):S3-9.
Saag KG, Emkey R, Schnitzer TJ, Brown JP, Hawkins F, Goemaere S, Thamsborg G, Liberman UA, Delmas PD, Malice MP, Czachur M, Daifotis AG. Alendronate for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Intervention Study Group. N Engl J Med 1998 Jul 30;339(5):292-9.
Saito JK, Davis JW, Wasnich RD, Ross PD. Users of low-dose glucocorticoids have increased bone loss rates: a longitudinal study. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Aug;57(2):115-9.
Sanchez CP, Goodman WG, Brandli D, Goldenhersh M, Murray C, Carlton E, Hahn T, Salusky IB. Skeletal response to recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in children treated with long-term corticosteroids. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10(1):2-6.
Sebaldt RJ, Adachi JD, Bensen WG, Bianchi F, Cividano A, Craig GL, Cranney A, Kaminska E, Gordon M, Steele M, Goldsmith C. Intermittent cyclic therapy with etidronate prevents corticosteroid-induced bone loss: two years of follow-up. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 1996;103:91-3.
Skingle SJ, Moore DJ, Crisp AJ. Cyclical etidronate increases lumbar spine bone density in patients on long-term glucocorticosteroid therapy. Int J Clin Pract 1997;51(6):364-7.
Struijs A, Mulder H. The effects of inhaled glucocorticoids on bone mass and biochemical markers of bone homeostasis: a 1-year study of beclomethasone versus budesonide. Neth J Med 1997 Jun;50(6):233-7. Comment in: Neth J Med 1998 Jan;52(1):48-9.
Struys A, Snelder AA, Mulder H. Cyclical etidronate reverses bone loss of the spine and proximal femur in patients with established corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Am J Med 1995 Sep;99(3):235-42. Comment in: Am J Med 1995 Sep;99(3):233-4.
Thompson JM, Modin GW, Arnaud CD, Lane NE. Not all postmenopausal women on chronic steroid and estrogen treatment are osteoporotic: predictors of bone mineral density. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Nov;61(5):377-81.
Toogood JH, Baskerville JC, Markov AE, Hodsman AB, Fraher LJ, Jennings B, Haddad RG, Drost D. Bone mineral density and the risk of fracture in patients receiving long- term inhaled steroid therapy for asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;96(2):157-66.
Toogood JH, Hodsman AB, Fraher LJ, Markov AE, Baskerville JC. Serum osteocalcin and procollagen as markers for the risk of osteoporotic fracture in corticosteroid-treated asthmatic adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999 Oct;104(4 Pt 1):769-74.
Verhoeven AC, Boers M. Limited bone loss due to corticosteroids; a systematic review of prospective studies in rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. J Rheumatol 1997 Aug;24(8):1495-503.
Walsh LJ, Wong CA, Pringle M, Tattersfield AE. Use of oral corticosteroids in the community and the prevention of secondary osteoporosis: a cross sectional study. BMJ 1996 Aug 10;313(7053):344-6. Comment in: BMJ 1996 Nov 16;313(7067):1264.
Werth VP, Kligman AM, Shi X, Pagnoni A. Lack of correlation of skin thickness with bone density in patients receiving chronic glucocorticoid. Arch Dermatol Res 1998 Jul;290(7):388-93.
Woodcock A. Effects of inhaled corticosteroids on bone density and metabolism. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998 Apr;101(4 Pt 2):S456-9.
XI. C. Transplantation-Related Osteoporosis
Abdelhadi M, Eriksson SA, Ljusk Eriksson S, Ericzon BG, Nordenstrom J. Bone mineral status in end-stage liver disease and the effect of liver transplantation. Scand J Gastroenterol 1995 Dec;30(12):1210-5.
Anijar JR, Szejnfeld VL, Almeida DR, Fernandes AR, Ferraz MB. Reduced bone mineral density in men after heart transplantation. Braz J Med Biol Res 1999 Apr;32(4):413-20.
Aringer M, Kiener HP, Koeller MD, Artemiou O, Zuckermann A, Wieselthaler G, Klepetko W, Seidl G, Kainberger F, Bernecker P, Smolen JS, Pietschmann P. High turnover bone disease following lung transplantation. Bone 1998 Nov;23(5):485-8.
Aris RM, Neuringer IP, Weiner MA, Egan TM, Ontjes D. Severe osteoporosis before and after lung transplantation. Chest 1996 May;109(5):1176-83. Comment in: Chest 1997 Jan;111(1):257-8.
Boncimino K, McMahon DJ, Addesso V, Bilezikian JP, Shane E. Magnesium deficiency and bone loss after cardiac transplantation. J Bone Miner Res 1999 Feb;14(2):295-303.
Boot AM, Nauta J, Hokken-Koelega AC, Pols HA, de Ridder MA, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SM. Renal transplantation and osteoporosis. Arch Dis Child 1995 Jun;72(6):502-6.
Braith RW, Mills RM, Welsch MA, Keller JW, Pollock ML. Resistance exercise training restores bone mineral density in heart transplant recipients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996 Nov 15;28(6):1471-7.
Braith RW, Mitchell MJ. Effect of resistance training on bone metabolism in heart transplant recipients. Congestive Heart Fail 1998;4(1):16-24.
Caglar M, Adeera L. Factors affecting bone mineral density in renal transplant patients. Ann Nucl Med 1999;13(3):141-5.
Castaneda S, Carmona L, Carvajal I, Arranz R, Diaz A, Garcia-Vadillo A. Reduction of bone mass in women after bone marrow transplantation. Calcif Tissue Int 1997 Apr;60(4):343-7.
Castelo-Branco C, Rovira M, Pons F, Duran M, Sierra J, Vives A, Balasch J, Fortuny A, Vanrell J. The effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass in patients with ovarian failure due to bone marrow transplantation. Maturitas 1996 Apr;23(3):307-12.
Cremer J, Struber M, Wagenbreth I, Nischelsky J, Demertzis S, Graeter T, Abraham C, Haverich A. Progression of steroid-associated osteoporosis after heart transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 1999 Jan;67(1):130-3.
Di Boscio V, Sarli MA. Lung transplantation and osteoporosis: A review. Clin Pulm Med 1999;6(2):110-7.
Dodd VA, Staron RB, Papadopoulos A, Evans L, Schulman LL, Jorgensen B, Gerow-Smith R, Shane E. Bone densitometry should be included in the evaluation of candidates for lung transplantation. J Transplant Coord 1999;9(2):119-23.
Epstein S, Shane E, Bilezikian JP. Organ transplantation and osteoporosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 1995 May;7(3):255-61.
Feller RB, McDonald JA, Sherbon KJ, McCaughan GW. Evidence of continuing bone recovery at a mean of 7 years after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl Surg 1999 Sep;5(5):407-13.
Ferrari SL, Nicod LP, Hamacher J, Spiliopoulos A, Slosman DO, Rochat T, Bonjour JP, Rizzoli R. Osteoporosis in patients undergoing lung transplantation. Eur Respir J 1996 Nov;9(11):2378-82.
Garcia-Delgado I, Prieto S, Gil-Fraguas L, Robles E, Rufilanchas JJ, Hawkins F. Calcitonin, etidronate, and calcidiol treatment in bone loss after cardiac transplantation. Calcif Tissue Int 1997;60(2):155-9.
Glendenning P, Kent GN, Adler BD, Matz L, Watson I, O'Driscoll GJ, Hurley DM. High prevalence of osteoporosis in cardiac transplant recipients and discordance between biochemical turnover markers and bone histomorphometry. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1999 Mar;50(3):347-55.
Grotz WH, Mundinger FA, Gugel B, Exner VM, Kirste G, Schollmeyer PJ. Bone mineral density after kidney transplantation. A cross-sectional study in 190 graft recipients up to 20 years after transplantation. Transplantation 1995 Apr 15;59(7):982-6.
Grotz WH, Rump LC, Niessen A, Schmidt-Gayk H, Reichelt A, Kirste G, Olschewski M, Schollmeyer PJ. Treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis after kidney transplantation. Transplantation 1998 Oct 27;66(8):1004-8.
Guardiola J, Xiol X, Sallie R, Nolla JM, Roig-Escofet D, Jaurrieta E, Casais L. Influence of the vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism on bone loss in men after liver transplantation. Ann Intern Med 1999 Nov 16;131(10):752-5.
Guo CY, Johnson A, Locke TJ, Eastell R. Mechanisms of bone loss after cardiac transplantation. Bone 1998 Mar;22(3):267-71.
Hussaini SH, Oldroyd B, Stewart SP, Roman F, Smith MA, Pollard S, Lodge P, O'Grady JG, Losowsky MS. Regional bone mineral density after orthotopic liver transplantation. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999 Feb;11(2):157-63.
Keogh JB, Tsalamandris C, Sewell RB, Jones RM, Angus PW, Nyulasi IB, Seeman E. Bone loss at the proximal femur and reduced lean mass following liver transplantation: a longitudinal study. Nutrition 1999 Sep;15(9):661-4.
Neuhaus R, Kubo A, Lohmann R, Rayes N, Hierholzer J, Neuhaus P. Calcitriol in prevention and therapy of osteoporosis after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 1999 Feb-Mar;31(1-2):472-3.
Parker CR, Freemont AJ, Blackwell PJ, Grainge MJ, Hosking DJ. Cross-sectional analysis of renal transplantation osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 1999;14(11):1943-51.
Shane E, Papadopoulos A, Staron RB, Addesso V, Donovan D, McGregor C, Schulman LL. Bone loss and fracture after lung transplantation. Transplantation 1999 Jul 27;68(2):220-7.
Shane E, Rivas M, McMahon DJ, Staron RB, Silverberg SJ, Seibel MJ, Mancini D, Michler RE, Aaronson K, Addesso V, Lo SH. Bone loss and turnover after cardiac transplantation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997 May;82(5):1497-506.
Shane E, Rivas M, Staron RB, Silverberg SJ, Seibel MJ, Kuiper J, Mancini D, Addesso V, Michler RE, Factor-Litvak P. Fracture after cardiac transplantation: a prospective longitudinal study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996 May;81(5):1740-6.
Shane E, Rodino MA, McMahon DJ, Addesso V, Staron RB, Seibel MJ, Mancini D, Michler RE, Lo SH. Prevention of bone loss after heart transplantation with antiresorptive therapy: a pilot study. J Heart Lung Transplant 1998 Nov;17(11):1089-96.
Shane E, Silverberg SJ, Donovan D, Papadopoulos A, Staron RB, Addesso V, Jorgesen B, McGregor C, Schulman L. Osteoporosis in lung transplantation candidates with end-stage pulmonary disease. Am J Med 1996 Sep;101(3):262-9. Comment in: Am J Med 1997 Oct;103(4):334-6.
Stempfle HU, Werner C, Echtler S, Wehr U, Rambeck WA, Siebert U, Uberfuhr P, Angermann CE, Theisen K, Gartner R. Prevention of osteoporosis after cardiac transplantation: a prospective, longitudinal, randomized, double-blind trial with calcitriol. Transplantation 1999 Aug 27;68(4):523-30.
Talalaj M, Gradowska L, Marcinowska-Suchowierska E, Durlik M, Gaciong Z, Lao M. Efficiency of preventive treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium in kidney transplant patients. Transplant Proc 1996 Dec;28(6):3485-7.
Thiebaud D, Krieg MA, Gillard-Berguer D, Jacquet AF, Goy JJ, Burckhardt P. Cyclosporine induces high bone turnover and may contribute to bone loss after heart transplantation. Eur J Clin Invest 1996 Jul;26(7):549-55.
Valero MA, Loinaz C, Larrodera L, Leon M, Moreno E, Hawkins F. Calcitonin and bisphosphonates treatment in bone loss after liver transplantation. Calcif Tissue Int 1995 Jul;57(1):15-9.
Valimaki MJ, Kinnunen K, Volin L, Tahtela R, Loyttyniemi E, Laitinen K, Makela P, Keto P, Ruutu T. A prospective study of bone loss and turnover after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: Effect of calcium supplementation with or without calcitonin. Bone Marrow Transplant 1999 Feb;23(4):355-61.
Van Cleemput J, Daenen W, Geusens P, Dequeker P, Van De Werf F, VanHaecke J. Prevention of bone loss in cardiac transplant recipients. A comparison of biphosphonates and vitamin D. Transplantation 1996 May 27;61(10):1495-9.
van Cleemput J, Daenen W, Nijs J, Geusens P, Dequeker J, Vanhaecke J. Timing and quantification of bone loss in cardiac transplant recipients. Transplant Int 1995;8(3):196-200.
Vedi S, Greer S, Skingle SJ, Garrahan NJ, Ninkovic M, Alexander GA, Compston JE. Mechanism of bone loss after liver transplantation: A histomorphometric analysis. J Bone Miner Res 1999 Feb;14(2):281-7.
Last updated: 31 March 2000
First published: 31 March 2000
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