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| Current Bibliographies in Medicine | |
Current Bibliographies in Medicine 96-4
Public Health Informatics
CBM 96-4 Public Health Informatics January 1980 through December 1995 471 Selected Citations Prepared by Catherine Selden, M.L.S., National Library of Medicine Betsy L. Humphreys, M.L.S., National Library of Medicine Andrew Friede, M.D., MPH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Zdenka Geisslerova, National Library of Medicine U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institutes of Health National Library of Medicine Reference Section 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20894 1996 National Library of Medicine Cataloging in Publication Public health informatics : January 1980 through December 1995 : 471 selected citations / prepared by Catherine Selden ... [et al.]. -- Bethesda, Md. (8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda 20894) : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Reference Section ; Pittsburgh, PA : Sold by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1996. -- (Current bibliographies in medicine ; 96-4) 1. Medical Informatics - bibliography 2. Public Health - bibliography I. Selden, Catherine II. National Library of Medicine (U.S.). Reference Section III. Title IV. Series 02NLM: ZW 1 N272 no. 96-4 SERIES NOTE Current Bibliographies in Medicine (CBM) is a continuation in part of the National Library of Medicine's Literature Search Series, which ceased in 1987 with No. 87-15. In 1989 it also subsumed the Specialized Bibliography Series. Each bibliography in the new series covers a distinct subject area of biomedicine and is intended to fulfill a current awareness function. Citations are usually derived from searching a variety of online databases. NLM databases utilized include MEDLINE, AVLINE, BIOETHICSLINE, CANCERLIT, CATLINE, HEALTH, POPLINE and TOXLINE. The only criterion for the inclusion of a particular published work is its relevance to the topic being presented; the format, ownership, or location of the material is not considered. Comments and suggestions on this series may be addressed to: Karen Patrias, Editor Current Bibliographies in Medicine Reference Section National Library of Medicine Bethesda, MD 20894 Phone: 301-496-6097 Fax: 301-402-1384 Internet: patrias@nlm.nih.gov Ordering Information: Current Bibliographies in Medicine is sold by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. To order the entire CBM series for calendar year 1996 (approximately 10 bibliographies), send $47.00 ($58.75 foreign) to the Superintendent of Documents citing GPO List ID: CBM96. For your convenience an order blank is given inside the back cover. Orders for individual bibliographies in the series ($5.50, $6.88 foreign) should be sent to the Superintendent of Documents citing the title, CBM number, and the GPO List ID given above. Internet Access: The Current Bibliographies in Medicine series is also available at no cost to anyone with Internet access through FTP (File Transfer Protocol). FTP to nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov and login as anonymous. The index file in the "bibs" directory provides information on the bibliographies available. Use of funds for printing this periodical has been approved by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget through September 30, 1996. PUBLIC HEALTH INFORMATICS The public health mission is to improve the health of whole communities and populations. Public health professionals focus on (a) preventing, identifying, investigating, and eliminating community health problems and hazards; (b) assuring that the community has access to competent personal health care services; and (c) educating and empowering individuals to adopt more healthy behaviors. [1] As a part of their responsibilities, public health officials often provide personal health care to individuals who would otherwise lack access to care, but it is through population-based interventions that the public health system seeks to have greatest impact. Indeed, over the past two hundred years, major advances in health and longevity have resulted from public health programs to create safe water and sewage disposal systems, to control disease-bearing insects and rodents, to immunize populations, to respond rapidly to disease outbreaks, and to establish and enforce safe food processing and handling practices. The collection, analysis, use, and communication of health-related information has been called the "quintessential public health service," [2] because all public health activities depend to some extent on the availability of accurate, comparable, and timely information. Given this dependence on information, public health is a natural arena for the application of advanced information technologies. To date, however, a combination of resource constraints, lack of public understanding and support for population-based public health programs, and the complexity of public health information problems has limited the number of successful informatics applications in the field of public health. As reflected in an April 1995 meeting and July 1995 report, both entitled "Making a Powerful Connection: the Health of the Public and the National Information Infrastructure," [3] agencies of the Department of Health and Human services, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Library of Medicine, are working with state and local governments, professional associations, and the health care informatics community to promote the application of advanced computer and communications technologies to public health. This bibliography presents a useful picture of the state of the art in "public health informatics," itself a recently coined term [4], and provides background for current and future efforts to improve the information systems that support essential public health functions. The bibliography reveals a geometric increase in the number of publications addressing the application of advanced information technologies to public health over the past sixteen years. It includes 18 papers published from 1980 to 1984, 92 papers from 1985 to 1989, 257 papers from 1990 to 1994, and 104 papers from 1995 alone. The bibliography focuses on the use of computers and communications to support population-based public health functions -- excluding the primary care services often provided by public health authorities. In general, the large literature about primary care information systems has also been excluded, except as it relates to the transfer of data from primary care to public health information systems, to case management of individuals and families who rely on a range of social services, to home care services, or to care for the homeless. Outside the United States, in countries in which the national government provides personal health care services to the majority of citizens, the distinction between population-based public health and individual health care is less clear, but the bibliography attempts to maintain the focus on population-based health when citing non-U.S. literature. Educating the populace about the role of life-style choices and individual behavior in preventing disease and injury is a basic public health function. In this area, the interests of public health professionals overlap to some degree with those of managed care providers and other producers and distributors of consumer health information, including public libraries. The bibliography covers health promotion activities that involve public health authorities, but does not cover the complete range of automated consumer health information initiatives that may be relevant to the public health mission. The collection and analysis of health-related statistics is an essential public health activity that relies on the use of general statistical methods. This bibliography covers health statistics systems, but excludes the many publications that discuss general purpose tools and techniques for statistical analysis. The spread of epidemics is one of the classic problems around which the art and science of computer modeling developed, and computer modeling of epidemics has an extensive literature which has been excluded from this bibliography. Other public health applications of computer modeling, such as projecting workforce requirements or emergency response planning, have been included. The selected references in the bibliography include journal articles, books and book chapters, technical reports, and conference proceedings and papers. English and foreign language publications are cited. References are arranged by subject and appear under only one topic. The compilers wish to thank Marlyn Schepartz, National Library of Medicine, for her expert production assistance. ----------------------- 1. McGinnis JM, Bailey C, Files A, Gebbie K, Harrell J, Maiese D, Radak J, Walls N, Welsh VA. A time for partnership: report of state consultations on the role of public health. Prev Rep 1994 Dec-1995 Jan:1-12. 2. Lasker RD. The quintessential role of information in public health. In: Data needs in an era of health reform. Proceedings of the 25th Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics and the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics 45th Anniversary Symposium; 1995 Jul 17-19; Washington. Hyattsville (MD): National Center for Health Statistics (US); 1995. p. 3-10. (DHHS pub; no. (PHS) 96-1214). 3. Lasker RD, Humphreys BL, Braithwaite WR. Making a powerful connection: the health of the public and the national information infrastructure: Report of the U.S. Public Health Service, Public Health Data Policy Coordinating Committee. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 1995 Jul 6. 37 p. Available from NLM via Internet at URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/staffpubs/lo/makingpd.html URL: ftp://nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov/nlminfo/newsletters/reports/niiph.txt. 4. Friede A, Blum HL, McDonald M. Public health informatics: how information age technology can strengthen public health. Annu Rev Public Health 1995;16:239-52. SEARCH STRATEGY A variety of online databases are usually searched in preparing bibliographies in the CBM series. To assist you in updating or otherwise manipulating the material in this search, the strategy used for the NLM's MEDLINE database is given below. Please note that the search strategies presented here differ from individual demand searches in that they are generally broadly formulated and irrelevant citations edited out prior to printing. SS 1 = EXP MEDICAL INFORMATICS OR TELECOMMUNICATIONS OR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SS 2 = (TW) COMMUNITY OR COMMUNITIES OR PUBLIC OR ALL STATE# SS 3 = EXP G3.850.780 [PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE (NON MESH)] SS 4 = EXP HEALTH SURVEYS OR EXP REGISTRIES SS 5 = COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES OR COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING OR COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES OR COMMUNITY PHARMACY SERVICES SS 6 = CHILD HEALTH SERVICES OR ADOLESCENT HEALTH SERVICES OR EXP SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES OR IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS SS 7 = 1 AND 2 OR 1 AND 3 OR 1 AND 4 OR 1 AND 5 OR 1 AND 6 SS 8 = OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH OR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES OR OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE OR OCCUPATIONAL DENTISTRY SS 9 = HEALTH PROMOTION OR HEALTH EDUCATION OR PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES OR PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY OR EXP PREVENTIVE MEDICINE SS 10 = EXP EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES OR EXP ACCIDENTS OR EXP DISASTERS SS 11 = HEALTH PLANNING COUNCILS OR REGIONAL MEDICAL PROGRAMS OR REGIONAL HEALTH PLANNING OR STATE HEALTH PLANS OR COMMUNITY HEALTH PLANNING SS 12 = EXP ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION OR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH OR EXP SANITARY ENGINEERING SS 13 = 1 AND 8 OR 1 AND 9 OR 1 AND 10 OR 1 AND 11 OR 1 AND 12 SS 14 = 7 OR 13 GRATEFUL MED and INTERNET GRATEFUL MED To make online searching easier and more efficient, the Library offers GRATEFUL MED, microcomputer-based software that provides a user-friendly interface to most NLM databases. This software was specifically developed for health professionals and features multiple choice menus and "fill in the blank" screens for easy search preparation. GRATEFUL MED runs on an IBM PC (or IBM-compatible) with DOS 2.0 or a Macintosh, and requires a Hayes (or Hayes-compatible) modem. It may be purchased from the National Technical Information Service in Springfield, Virginia, for $29.95 (plus $3.00 per order for shipping). For your convenience, an order blank has been enclosed at the back of this bibliography. INTERNET GRATEFUL MED is available from the World Wide Web. The user with Internet access and an NLM user account need only point a compatible Web browser (Netscape Navigator is strongly recommended) to http://igm.nlm.nih.gov. No other software at the user end is required. At present, MEDLINE is the only NLM database available through INTERNET GRATEFUL MED, but the Library expects to add access to other files rapidly. SAMPLE CITATIONS Citations in this bibliographic series are formatted according to the rules established for Index Medicus*. Sample journal and monograph citations appear below. For journal articles written in a foreign language, the English translation of the title is placed in brackets; for monographs, the title is given in the original language. In both cases the language of publication is shown by a three letter abbreviation appearing at the end of the citation. Journal Article: Authors Article Title Friede A, Rosen DH, Reid JA. CDC WONDER: a cooperative processing architecture for public health. J Am Med Inform Assoc 1994 Jul-Aug;1(4):303-12. Abbreviated Journal Date Volume Issue Pages Title Monograph: Authors/Editors Title Hale CD, Arnold F, Travis MT. Planning and evaluating health programs: a primer. Albany (NY): Delmar Publishers; 1994. 232 p. Place of Publisher Date Total No. Publication of Pages _________________________________ *For details of the formats used for references, see the following publication: Patrias, Karen. National Library of Medicine recommended formats for bibliographic citation. Bethesda (MD): The Library; 1991 Apr. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; PB91-182030. TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW/APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TO PUBLIC HEALTH COMMUNITY HEALTH INDICATORS AND ASSESSMENT SURVEILLANCE General Registries Injury/Trauma Environmental and Occupational Health Risks COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES General Population Screening Immunization Programs AIDS/HIV Programs Emergency Response HEALTH PROMOTION INTEGRATED PUBLIC HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS INFORMATION SERVICES AND SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PROFESSIONALS LARGE DATABASE ANALYSIS AND LINKING WORKFORCE EDUCATION AND ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW / APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TO PUBLIC HEALTH Asvall JE. International Epidemiological Association Regional European Meeting, Jerusalem, 14-19 February 1993. Opening address. Public Health Rev 1993-94;21(3-4):169-84. De Kerckhove D. Health implications of new information technologies. Can J Public Health 1985 May-Jun;76 Suppl 1:96-100. Feinleib M. From information to knowledge: assimilating public health data [editorial]. Am J Public Health 1993 Sep;83(9):1205-7. Fitzmaurice JM. Health care and the NII. In: Information Infrastructure Task Force. Putting the information infrastructure to work: a report of the Information Infrastructure Task Force Committee on Applications and Technology. Gaithersburg (MD): National Institute of Standards and Technology (US); 1994. p. 41-56. (National Institute of Standards and Technology special publication; no. 857). Available electronically from: gopher://iitfcat.nist.gov:95/11/ ; Available in paper from: U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Friede A. Grand challenges in medical informatics? [letter]. J Am Med Inform Assoc 1995 Mar-Apr;2(2):136. Friede A, Blum HL, McDonald M. Public health informatics: how information-age technology can strengthen public health. Annu Rev Public Health 1995;16:39-52. Gremy F. The future of information processing in medicine and public health. Comput Programs Biomed 1980 Apr;11(2):71-80. Hunt AT, Morrison PR, Pagano M. The effects of computer science advancements on public health research. Annu Rev Public Health 1985;6:325-32. Institute of Medicine (US), Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health. The future of public health. Washington: National Academy Press; 1988. 225 p. Kilbourne EM. Informatics in public health surveillance: current issues and future perspectives. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1992 Dec;41 Suppl:91-9. LaPorte RE. Global public health and the information superhighway [editorial]. BMJ 1994 Jun 25;308(6945):1651-2. Lasker RD. The quintessential role of information in public health. In: Data needs in an era of health reform. Proceedings of the 25th Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics and the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics 45th Anniversal Symposium; 1995 Jul 17-19; Washington. Hyattsville (MD): National Center for Health Statistics (US); 1995. p. 3-10. (DHHS publication; no. (PHS)96-1214). Lasker RD, Humphreys BL, Braithwaite WR. Making a powerful connection: the health of the public and the national information infrastructure: Report of the U.S. Public Health Service, Public Health Data Policy Coordinating Committee. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 1995 Jul 6. 37 p. Available from: NLM via Internet at URL http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/staffpubs/lo/makingpd.html or URL ftp://nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov/ nlminfo/newsletters/reports/niiph.txt. Lumpkin JR. Six principles of public health information. J Public Health Manag Pract 1995;1(1):40-2. McDonald MD. Elements of a national health information infrastructure. Healthc Inf Manag 1994 Winter;8(1):19-22. McDonald MD, Blum HL. HOT: the emergence of health oriented telecommunication applications. Healthc Inform 1992 Nov;9(11):62-4, 66, 68. Power EJ, Tunis SR, Wagner JL. Technology assessment and public health. Annu Rev Public Health 1994;15:561-79. Ross DA, Baker EL. The electronic information highway: a pathway for public health information. In: Toward the year 2000: refining the measures. Proceedings of the 1993 Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics; 1993 Jul 19-21; Washington, DC. Hyattsville (MD): National Center for Health Statistics (US); 1994. p. 535-6. Simpson RL. Networks and databases: building blocks for the population-based care system. Nurs Adm Q 1993 Spring;17(3):80-2. Comment in: Nurs Adm Q 1994 Winter;18(2):x-xi. Swank RT, Levine RE. Computer technology in the transformation of public health research. Paper presented at: American Public Health Association, 116th Annual Meeting; 1988 Nov 13-17; Boston, MA. Thomas RK, Pol LG. Health demography comes of age. Health Mark Q 1993;10(3-4):67-82. van Eimeren W, John J. [Toward a European health reporting system--starting points and developmental perspectives]. Gesundheitswesen 1994 Oct;56(10):515-25. (Ger). Wang DQ, Zhang ZG, Zheng SM. Computers against disease. World Health Forum 1993;14(3):298-300. COMMUNITY HEALTH INDICATORS AND ASSESSMENT American Public Health Association. Healthy communities 2000: model standards: guidelines for community attainment of the year 2000 national health objectives. 3rd ed. Washington: The Association; 1991. 473 p. Ashton J. Tying down the indicators and targets for Health For All. Community Health Stud 1988;12(4):376-85. Basch CE, Gold RS, Shea S. The potential contribution of computerized school-based record systems to the monitoring of the disease prevention and health promotion objectives for the nation. Health Educ Q 1988 Spring;15(1):5-51. A dashboard for community health improvement. Qual Lett Healthc Lead 1994 Jun;6(5):22-32. Gosselin P, Belanger D, Bibeault JF, Webster A. Indicators for a sustainable society. Can J Public Health 1993 May-Jun;84(3):197-200. Hanrahan LP, Mirkin I, Olson J, Anderson HA, Fiore BJ. SMRFIT: a Statistical Analysis System (SAS) program for standardized mortality ratio analyses and Poisson regression model fits in community disease cluster investigations. Am J Epidemiol 1990 Jul;132(1 Suppl):S116-22. Hoskins A, Saunders PA, Forrest JM. A pilot study of a computerized assessment (AGE-PC) for the elderly in general practice. Fam Pract 1995 Mar;12(1):28-31. Kamis-Gould E, Waizer J. National data standards for mental health management and performance indicators. Psychiatr Hosp 1992 Winter;23(1):23-8. Kelso S. Developing a system to trace health objectives and indicators. In: Proceedings of the 1991 Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics; 1991 Jul 15-17; Washington, DC. Hyattsville (MD): National Center for Health Statistics (US); 1992. p. 534-8. Manore MM, Vaughan LA, Lehman W. Development and testing of a statistical and graphics-enhanced nutrient analysis program. J Am Diet Assoc 1989 Feb;89(2):246-50. Mortenson LE, Anderson PN, Enck RE, Heim WS, Lutz TG, Meyer RJ, McKernan JF, Rafla S, Ravry MJ, Ryan JM, Sakulsky SB, Vialotti C, Zelkowitz L. Development of a National Clinical Data Set to promote comparative evaluation of community cancer programs. Prog Clin Biol Res 1983;120:71-8. Nelson MR, Sarvela PD. Computerized database for strengthening capacity for local area needs assessment, surveillance, and monitoring of year 2000 objectives: the Illinois experience. In: Toward the year 2000: refining the measures. Proceedings of the 1993 Public Health Conference on Records and Statistics; 1993 Jul 19-21; Washington, DC. Hyattsville (MD): National Center for Health Statistics (US); 1994. p. 454-8. Patrick DL, Bergner M. Measurement of health status in the 1990s. Annu Rev Public Health 1990;11:165-83. Perloff BP, Rizek RL, Haytowitz DB, Reid PR. Dietary intake methodology. II. USDA's Nutrient Data Base for Nationwide Dietary Intake Surveys. J Nutr 1990 Nov;120 Suppl 11:1530-4. Public Health Foundation (US). Data for the year 2000 national health objectives: the ASTHO reporting system's new core data set. Washington: The Foundation; 1990. 1 vol. (unfoliated). (Public Health Foundation publication; no. 119). Rice JA. Assessing community health. Trustee 1994 Dec;47(12):16-7. Schillemans L, De Muynck A, Van der Stuyft P, Saenen R, Baeten R. Assessment of patients' health status in family medicine. Qual Assur Health Care 1990;2(2):161-70. Trell E. Community-based preventive medical department for individual risk factor assessment and intervention in an urban population. Prev Med 1983 May;12(3):397-402. Williams RL, Flocke SA, Zyzanski SJ, Mettee TM, Martin KB. A practical tool for community-oriented primary care community diagnosis using a personal computer. Fam Med 1995 Jan;27(1):39-43. Yokley JM, Coleman DJ, Yates BT. Cost effectiveness of three child mental health assessment methods: computer-assisted assessment is effective and inexpensive. J Ment Health Adm 1990 Spring;17(1):99-107. SURVEILLANCE General Callif-Daley FA, Huether CA, Edmonds LD. Evaluating false positives in two hospital discharge data sets of the Birth Defects Monitoring Program. Public Health Rep 1995 Mar-Apr;110(2):154-60. Carles D, Serville F, Alberti EM, Weichhold W. [Analysis of 1410 examinations of fetal pathology at the University Hospitals of Bordeaux]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 1991;20(4):577-86. (Fre). Carter H, Chevallier J, Paolaggi JB. [A project for developing epidemiological rheumatology in France. The setting up of a network]. Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic 1986;53(3):153-9. (Fre). Casteren VV. Inventory of sentinel health information systems with GPs in the European Community: situation up to March 1990. Brussels?: [publisher unknown]; 1991. 97 p. Chauvin P. Constitution and monitoring of an epidemiological surveillance network with sentinel general practitioners. Eur J Epidemiol 1994 Aug;10(4):477-9. Chew SK, Snodgrass I. A computer-based surveillance system for human immunodeficiency virus infection in Singapore. Singapore Med J 1995 Apr;36(2):147-51. Cooke EM. National surveillance programmes. J Hosp Infect 1988;11 Suppl A:49-52. Flahault A, Garnerin P, Chauvin P, Farran N, Saidi Y, Diaz C, Toubiana L, Drucker J, Valleron AJ. Sentinelle traces of an epidemic of acute gastroenteritis in France. Lancet 1995 Jul 15;346(8968):162-3. Garnerin P, Saidi Y, Valleron AJ. The French Communicable Diseases Computer Network. A seven-year experiment. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992 Dec 17;670:29-42. Giesecke J. The fine web of surveillance. Lancet 1995 Jul 22;346(8969):196. Gill ON, Weinberg JR, Fisher IS, Bartlett CL. Meta-surveillance--safer cyber-surveillance [letter]. Lancet 1995 Sep 16;346(8977):776. Johns KA. The computerization of the Cardiff Births Survey. Int J Biomed Comput 1988 Oct;23(1-2):43-55. Keller R, Friedrich HJ. [Epidemiology in the public health office and possibilities of electronic data processing]. Offentl Gesundheitswes 1987 Nov;49(11):597-9. (Ger). Koobatian TJ, Birkhead GS, Schramm MM, Vogt RL. The use of hospital discharge data for public health surveillance of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann Neurol 1991 Oct;30(4):618-21. Lanser S, McNabb SJ, Horan JM. A computerized surveillance system for disease outbreaks in Oklahoma [letter]. Am J Public Health 1994 Dec;84(12):2029. Leduc JW, Tikhomirov E. Global surveillance for recognition and response to emerging diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994 Dec 15;740:341-5. Lloyd OL, MacDonald J. Continuous epidemiological mapping - A needed public health watchdog. Public Health 1984;98(6):321-6. Martinez BF, Annest JL, Kilbourne EM, Kirk ML, Lui KJ, Smith SM. Geographic distribution of heat-related deaths among elderly persons. Use of county-level dot maps for injury surveillance and epidemiologic research. JAMA 1989 Oct 27;262(16):2246-50. Matthews SA. Epidemiology using a GIS: the need for caution. Comput Environ Urban Syst 1990;14(3):213-21. Matturri L, Ghidoni P, Giudici E, Bauer D. [Descriptive epidemiology from autopsies at the Ospedale Maggiore di Milano from 1986 to 1987]. Pathologica 1991 Mar-Apr;83(1084):133-46. (Ita). Maurice S, Megraud F, Vivares C, Dabis F, Toulouse C, Tilly B, Salamon R. Telematics: a new tool for epidemiological surveillance of diarrhoeal diseases in the Aquitaine sentinel network. BMJ 1990 Feb 24;300(6723):514-6. Maurice S, Salamon R, Dabis F. Telematics and sentinel health information system with general practitioners in Aquitaine, southwest France. Med Inf (Lond) 1989 Oct-Dec;14(4):281-6. Melnychuk D, Moride Y, Abenhaim L. Monitoring of drug utilization in public health surveillance activities: a conceptual framework. Can J Public Health 1993 Jan-Feb;84(1):45-9. Merrill DW. Use of Density Equalizing Map Projections (DEMP) in the analysis of childhood cancer in four California counties [microfiche]. Berkeley (CA): University of California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Information and Computing Science Division; 1995. Report No.: LBL-36630. Contract No.: DE-AC03-76SF00098. 74 p. Mock NB, Bertrand WE. Conceptual framework for nutrition surveillance systems. Bull Pan Am Health Organ 1993;27(3):254-64. Moran GJ, Kyriacou DN, Newdow MA, Talan DA. Emergency department sentinel surveillance for emerging infectious diseases [editorial]. 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The questions of the AIDS-epidemiology in health infomatics. J Clin Comput 1994 Apr;22(2-3):38-49. St. Louis ME, Olivo N, Critchley S, Rauch KJ, White CR, Munn VP, Dondero TJ Jr. Methods of surveillance for HIV infection at U.S. sentinel hospitals. Public Health Rep 1990 Mar-Apr;105(2):140-6. Surveillance of influenza-like diseases through a national computer network--France, 1984-1989. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1989 Dec 15;38(49):855-7. Teutsch SM, Thacker SB. Planning a public health surveillance system. Epidemiol Bull 1995 Mar;16(1):1-6. Thacker SB, Berkelman RL. Public health surveillance in the United States. Epidemiol Rev 1988;10:164-90. Thacker SB, Berkelman RL, Stroup DF. The science of public health surveillance. J Public Health Policy 1989 Summer;10(2):187-203. Thacker SB, Stroup DF. Future directions for comprehensive public health surveillance and health information systems in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 1994 Sep 1;140(5):383-97. 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Last updated: 31 December 1996