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Poland, with 39 million people, is the largest market for U.S. agricultural and food products in Eastern Europe, but its transition from planned to market economy has brought dramatic changes. Historically large exports of grain and protein meal have fallen precipitously, while exports of poultry and other animal products have increased. ERS researchers analyze market and policy changes that affect Poland's agriculture, its agricultural relationships with other countries, and U.S. trade.
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Two new publications provide a comprehensive analysis of the economic forces behind the profound changes in agricultural production, consumption, and trade in the transition economies of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The first report—Changes in Agricultural Markets in Transition Economies—concludes that declines in output have been an inevitable part of market reform and that the main goal of agricultural policy in the transition economies should not be to return output to pre-reform levels but to increase the productivity of input use.
The second report—Livestock Sectors in the Economies of Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union: Transition from Plan to Market and the Road Ahead—focuses on the livestock sectors of Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine. Poland, along with Hungary, has emerged as one of the more successful reformers in the region. The report identifies factors contributing to Poland's relative success in this sphere but also points out institutional bottlenecks that continue to prevent Poland's livestock sector from reaching its potential.
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updated: May 7, 2002
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