Skip To Content
NSF Logo Search GraphicGuide To Programs GraphicImage Library GraphicSite Map GraphicHelp GraphicPrivacy Policy Graphic
OLPA Header Graphic
 
     
 

NSF Press Release

 


NSF PR 04-069 - May 18, 2004

Media contacts: Cheryl Dybas, NSF  (703) 292-7734 cdybas@nsf.gov
  A’ndrea Elyse Messer, Penn State  (814) 865-9481 aem1@psu.edu
Program contact: Doug James, NSF  (703) 292-8550 ldjames@nsf.gov,




Distant Mountains Influence River Levels 50 Years Later

Arlington, Va.—Rainfall in the mountains has a major influence on nearby river levels, and its effects can be seen as much as 50 years after the rain has fallen, according to hydrologists funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF).

Scientists had believed that the downslope distance from a mountain to a river is significant, such that rain falling on a mountaintop doesn't have an impact on a river below, according to Christopher Duffy, a civil engineer at Pennsylvania State University. But Duffy has found that rainfall and snowfall over the mountains, at least in the basin and range area of New Mexico, play an important part in recharge of the water table and the Rio Grande River.

"This has huge implications for development," Duffy today told attendees at this week's spring meeting of the American Geophysical Union in Montreal, Canada. "The role of the water table is important."

Duffy uses a computer model to investigate groundwater in central New Mexico. The terrain is divided into three areas: mountains; sloping bajada; and riparian or river area. Duffy looks at environmental variables including rainfall, snowpack, evapotranspiration and altitude. Also important, he says, are the geologic porosity and conductance of the rocks. Much of the data comes from the SAHRA – Sustainability of Semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas – Center, an NSF Science and Technology Center. SAHRA is based at the University of Arizona; Penn State is a partner.

"Much of the country depends on groundwater resources," says Doug James, program director in NSF's division of earth sciences, which funds SAHRA. "Duffy has developed a means of quantifying recharge locations and rates to determine impacts of land use and river management. The results will be used to guide planning for sustained aquifer management in the decades ahead."

In the Llano de Sandia in New Mexico, the Los Pinos Mountains are about 9,000 feet high while the area below in which the river runs is at an elevation of about 4,800 feet. About a mile separates the mountains from the river. Precipitation in these mountains doesn't all run downslope, nor does it all seep into the mountains. Some of the water goes deep into fractured rocks beneath the mountains.

"The time between rainfall on the mountains and ultimate recharging of the riverine water table is about 50 years," says Duffy. "The seven-year, 1950s drought in the area is what is now affecting the Rio Grande and the water table.

"Developers of New Mexico's mountains and bajada regions need to consider a longer time horizon than a decade when planning to alter the natural environment. It may require a forward view of tens of decades to ensure sustainability. Even if no obvious year-round streams run from the mountains, they are still very important for the recharge of the water table and river."


-NSF-


The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an independent federal agency that supports fundamental research and education across all fields of science and engineering, with an annual budget of nearly $5.58 billion. NSF funds reach all 50 states through grants to nearly 2,000 universities and institutions. Each year, NSF receives about 40,000 competitive requests for funding, and makes about 11,000 new funding awards. The NSF also awards over $200 million in professional and service contracts yearly.

Receive official NSF news electronically through the e-mail delivery and notification system, Custom News Service. To subscribe, enter the NSF Home Page at: http://www.nsf.gov/home/cns/#new and fill in the information under "new users."

Useful NSF Web Sites:
NSF Home Page: http://www.nsf.gov
News Highlights: http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa
Newsroom: http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/media/start.htm
Science Statistics: http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/stats.htm
Awards Searches: http://www.fastlane.nsf.gov/a6/A6Start.htm


 
 
     
 


National Science Foundation
Office of Legislative and Public Affairs
4201 Wilson Boulevard
Arlington, Virginia 22230, USA
Tel: 703-292-8070
FIRS: 800-877-8339 | TDD: 703-292-5090
 

NSF Logo Graphic