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Essential Public Health Services
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Essential Service #1
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Monitor Health Status to Identify Community Health Problems
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This service includes:
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- Assessment of statewide health status and its determinants, including the
identification of health threats and the determination of health service needs
- Identification of health risks and determination of health
service needs.
- Attention to the vital statistics and health status of groups
that are at higher risk than the total population.
- Identification of community assets and resources that support
the local public health system (LPHS) in promoting health and
improving quality of life.
- Utilization of appropriate methods and technology, such as geographic
information systems, to interpret and communicate data to diverse
audiences.
- Collaboration among all LPHS components, including private providers
and health benefit plans, to establish and use population health
information systems, such as disease or immunization registries.
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- Assessment of a statewide health status and its threats and the determination
of health service needs.
- Attention to the vital statistics and health status of specific groups that
are at higher risk of heath threats than the general population.
- Identification of community assets and resources, which support the SPHS in
promoting health and improving quality of life.
- Utilization of technology and other methods to interpret and communicate health
information to diverse audiences in different sectors.
- Collaboration in integrating and managing public health related information
systems.
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For the governance assessment
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- Accurate, periodic assessment of the community's health status,
including:
- Identification of health risks (determinants of health) and determination
of health service needs;
- Attention to the vital statistics and health status indicators of groups
that are at higher risk than the total population; and
- Identification of community assets that support the LPHS in promoting health
and improving quality of life.
- Utilization of appropriate methods and technology, such as geographic information
systems (GIS), to interpret and communicate data to diverse audiences.
- Collaboration among all LPHS components, including private providers and health
benefit plans, to establish and use population health registries, such as disease
or immunization registries.
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Essential Service #2
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Diagnose and Investigate Health Problems and Health Hazards
in the Community
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This service includes:
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- Epidemiological investigations of disease outbreaks and patterns
of infectious and chronic diseases and injuries, environmental
hazards, and other health threats.
- Active infectious disease epidemiology programs.
- Access to a public health laboratory capable of conducting rapid
screening and high volume testing.
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- Epidemiologic investigation of disease outbreaks and patterns of
infectious and chronic diseases, injuries, and other adverse health
conditions.
- Population-based screening, case finding, investigation, and the
scientific analysis of health problems.
- Rapid screening, high volume testing, and active infectious disease
epidemiology investigations.
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For the governance assessment
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- Epidemiologic investigations of disease outbreaks, patterns of
infections, chronic diseases, injuries, environmental hazards, and
other heath threats.
- Active infectious disease epidemiology programs.
- Access to a public health laboratory capable of conducting rapid
screening and high volume testing.
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Essential Service #3
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Inform, Educate and Empower People about Health Issues
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This service includes:
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- Health information, health education, and health promotion
activities designed to reduce health risk and promote better
health.
- Health communication plans and activities such as media advocacy
and social marketing.
- Accessible health information and educational resources.
- Health education and health promotion program partnerships with
schools, faith communities, work sites, personal care providers,
and others to implement and reinforce health promotion programs
and messages.
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- Health information, health education, and health promotion activities
designed to reduce health risk and promote better health.
- Health communication plans and activities such as media advocacy and
social marketing.
- Accessible health information and educational resources.
- Health education and promotion program partnerships with schools, faith
communities, work sites, personal care providers, and others to
implement and reinforce health promotion programs and messages.
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For the governance assessment
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- Health information, health education, and health promotion activities
designed to reduce health risk and promote better health.
- Health communication plans and activities such as media advocacy and
social marketing.
- Accessible health information and educational resources.
- Health education and health promotion program partnerships with schools,
faith communities, work sites, personal care providers, and others to
implement and reinforce health promotion programs and messages.
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Essential Service #4
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Mobilize Community Partnerships to Identify and
Solve Health Problems
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This service includes:
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- Identifying potential stakeholders who contribute to or benefit
from public health, and increase their awareness of the value of
public health.
- Building coalitions to draw upon the full range of potential human
and material resources to improve community health.
- Convening and facilitating partnerships among groups and associations
(including those not typically considered to be health-related) in
understanding defined health improvement projects, including preventive,
screening, rehabilitation, and support programs.
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- The organization and leadership to convene, facilitate, and collaborate
with statewide partners (including those not typically considered to be
health-related) to identify public health priorities and create
effective solutions to solve state and local health problems.
- The building of a statewide partnership to collaborate in the performance
of public health functions and essential services in an effort to utilize
the full range of available human and material resources to improve the
state's health status.
- Assistance to partners and communities to organize and undertake actions
to improve the health of the state's communities.
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For the governance assessment
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- Identifying potential stakeholders who contribute to or benefit from
public health and increasing their awareness of the value of public
health.
- Building coalitions to draw upon the full range of potential human and
material resources to improve community health.
- Convening and facilitating partnerships among groups and associations
(including those not typically considered to be health-related) in
undertaking defined health improvement projects, including preventive,
screening, rehabilitation, and support programs.
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Essential Service #5
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Develop Policies and Plans that Support Individual and Community
Health Efforts
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This service includes:
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- An effective governmental presence at the local level.
- Development of policy to protect the health of the public and
to guide the practice of public health.
- Systematic community-level and state-level planning for health
improvement in all jurisdictions.
- Alignment of LPHS resources and strategies with the community health
improvement plan.
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- Systematic health planning that relies on appropriate data, develops and
tracks measurable health objectives, and establishes strategies and
actions to guide community health improvement at the state and
local levels.
- Development of legislation, codes, rules, regulations, ordinances and other
policies to enable performance of the Essential Public Health Services,
supporting individual, community, and state health efforts.
- The democratic process of dialogue and debate between groups affected by
the proposed health plans and policies is needed prior to adoption of such
plans and policies.
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For the governance assessment
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- Effective local public health governance.
- Development of policy, codes, regulations, and legislation to protect
the health of the public and to guide the practice of public health.
- Systemic LPHS and state-level planning for health improvement in all
jurisdictions.
- Alignment of LPHS resources and strategies with community health
improvement plans.
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Essential Service #6
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Enforce Laws and Regulations that Protect Health and
Ensure Safety
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This service includes:
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- The review, evaluation, and revision of laws and regulations designed
to protect health and safety to assure that they reflect current
scientific knowledge and best practices for achieving compliance.
- Education of persons and entities obligated to obey or to enforce laws
and regulations designed to protect health and safety in order to encourage
compliance.
- Enforcement activities in areas of public health concern, including, but not
limited to the protection of drinking water; enforcement of clean air
standards; regulation of care provided in health care facilities and programs;
re-inspection of workplaces following safety violations; review of new drug,
biologic, and medical device applications; enforcement of laws governing the
sale of alcohol and tobacco to minors; seat belt and child safety seat usage;
and childhood immunizations.
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- The review, evaluation, and revision of laws and regulations designed
to protect health and safety to assure that they reflect current scientific
knowledge and best practices for achieving compliance.
- Education of persons and entities obligated to obey or to enforce laws and
regulations designed to protect health and safety in order to encourage
compliance.
- Enforcement activities in areas of public health concern, including, but not
limited to the protection of drinking water; enforcement of clean air standards;
regulation of care provided in health care facilities and programs; reinspection
of workplaces following safety violations; review of new drug, biological, and
medical device applications; enforcement of laws governing the sale of alcohol
and tobacco to minors; seat belt and child safety seat usage; and childhood
immunizations.
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For the governance assessment
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- Assurance of due process and recognition of individuals' civil rights in
all procedures, enforcement of laws and regulations, and in public health
emergency actions taken under the board of health or other governing body's
authority.
- Review, evaluation and revision of laws and regulations designed to :
- Protect health and safety;
- Reflect current scientific knowledge; and
- Utilize best practice for achieving compliance.
- Education of persons and entities obligated to obey and agencies obligated
to enforce laws and regulations to encourage compliance.
- Enforcement activities in a wide variety of areas of public health concern
under authority granted by local , state and federal rule or law including,
but not limited to: abatement of nuisances, animal control, childhood
immunizations and other vaccinations, food safety, housing code, local
sanitary code, on site wastewater disposal (septic systems), protection of
drinking water, school environment, solid waste disposal, swimming pool and
bathing area safety and water quality, tobacco control, and vector control.
- Assuring prevention of illness by:
- Following-up on hazards;
- Reducing exposure to disease in occupational and community settings;
- Increasing vaccination rates.
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Assuring monitoring of the quality of medical services available to the LPHS.
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Essential Service #7
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Link People to Needed Personal Health Services and Assure the Provision
of Health Care when Otherwise Unavailable
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This service includes:
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- Identifying populations with barriers to personal health services.
- Identifying personal health service needs of populations with limited
access to a coordinated system of clinical care.
- Assuring the linkage of people to appropriate personal health services
through coordination of provider services and development of interventions
that address barriers to care (e.g., culturally and linguistically
appropriate staff and materials, transportation services).
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- Assessment of access to and availability of quality personal health care
services for the state's population.
- Assurances that access is available to a coordinated system of quality care
which includes outreach services to link population to preventive and curative
care, medical services, case management, enabling social and mental health
services, culturally and linguistically appropriate services, and health care
quality review programs.
- Partnership with public, private, and voluntary sectors to provide populations
with a coordinated system of health care.
- Development of a continuous improvement process to assure the equitable
distribution of resources for those in greatest need.
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For the governance assessment
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- Assuring the identification of populations with barriers to personal
health services.
- Assuring identification of personal health service needs of populations
with limited access to a coordinated system of clinical care.
- Assuring the linkage of people to appropriate personal health services
through coordination of provider services and development of interventions
that address barriers to care (e.g., culturally and linguistically
appropriate staff and materials, transportation services).
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Essential Service #8
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Assure a Competent Public and Personal Health Care Workforce
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This service includes:
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- Assessment of workforce (including volunteers and other lay community
health workers) to meet community needs for public and personal
health services.
- Maintaining public health workforce standards, including efficient processes
for licensure/credentialing of professional and incorporation of core public
health competencies needed to provide the Essential Public Health Services
into personnel systems.
- Adoption of continuous quality improvement and life-long learning programs
for all members of the public health workforce, including opportunities for
formal and informal public health leadership development.
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- Education, training, development, and assessment of health professional -
including partners, volunteers and other lay community health workers - to
meet statewide needs for public and personal health services.
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Efficient processes for credentialing technical and professional health personnel.
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Adoption of continuous quality improvement and life-long learning programs.
- Partnerships with professional workplace development programs to assure relevant
learning experiences for all participants.
- Continuing education in management, cultural competence, and leadership
development programs.
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For the governance assessment
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- Education, training, and assessment of personnel (including
volunteers and other lay community health workers) to meet
community needs for public and personal health services.
- Efficient processes for licensure of professionals.
- Adoption of continuous quality improvement and life-long learning
programs that include determinants of health.
- Active partnerships with professional training programs to assure
community-relevant learning experiences for all students.
- Continuing education in management and leadership development
programs for those charged with administrative/executive roles.
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Essential Service #9
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Evaluate Effectiveness, Accessibility, and Quality of Personal and
Population-Based Health Services
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This service includes:
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- Assessing the accessibility and quality of services delivered and the
effectiveness of personal and population-based programs provided.
- Providing information necessary for allocating resources and
reshaping programs.
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- Evaluation and critical review of health program, based on
analyses of health status and service utilization data, are
conducted to determine program effectiveness and to provide
information necessary for allocating resources and reshaping
programs for improved efficiency, effectiveness, and quality.
- Assessment of and quality improvement in the State Public Health
System's performance and capacity.
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For the governance assessment
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- Assurance of ongoing evaluation and critical review of health programs effectiveness
based on analysis of health status and service utilization data.
- Assurance of the provision of information necessary for allocating resources and
reshaping programs.
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Essential Service #10
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Research for New Insights and Innovative Solutions to
Health Problems
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This service includes:
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- A continuum of innovative solutions to health problems ranging from practical
field-based efforts to foster change in public health practice, to more
academic efforts to encourage new directions in scientific research.
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Linkages with institutions of higher learning and research.
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Capacity to mount timely epidemiological and health policy analyses and conduct
health systems research.
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A full continuum of research ranging from field-based efforts to foster
improvements in public health practice to formal scientific research.
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Linkage with research institutions and other institutions of higher learning.
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Internal capacity to mount timely epidemiologic and economic analyses and
conduct needed health services research.
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For the governance assessment
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- Local public health research activities:
- Initiating research,
- Participating in research by others,
- Reporting results, and
- Implementing policy based on these results.
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