Technical Abstract: Although great progress has been made in crop production with conservation tillage, there are many physiographic and soil specific differences that must be understood for optimal implementation of effective conservation, crop production systems. The objective of this experiment was to assess the impact of surface and subsoil tillage of a sandy coastal plain soil (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudult) on seed yield and nitrogen accumulation for a two-year rotation of corn (Zea mays) and wheat-double cropped soybean [(Triticum aestivum L.), and (Glycine max). Soil of the experimental site had different soil residue and organic matter characteristics on the surface because it received either surface-disking tillage or conservation surface tillage for 18 years; the subsoils received in-row subsoiling. The specific tillage treatments were: 1) neither surface nor subsoil tillage, 2) paratil subsoiling without surface tillage, 3) surface tillage without subsoiling, and 4) both surface tillage and paratil subsoiling. Corn seed yields were 4.24, 4.98, 3.51, and 4.92 Mg/ha, respectively, for treatments 1-4. Wheat yields were increased by paratiling but not by surface tillage, and soybean yields were not significantly affected by either surface or subsurface tillage. Although the harvest indexes of the treatments without surface tillage were highest, nitrogen accumulation in dry matter and seed generally followed the patterns of treatment responses of seed yield. We concluded that surface conservation tillage in combination with paratiling was the best combination for both yield and resource management of a sandy coastal plain soil.