Within the last two decades public attitude toward aquatic resources has dramatically changed. The same aquatic systems once viewed as areas to be exploited for agricultural and urban development are now viewed as resources to be protected and preserved.  Because of this change in attitude, and because agriculture can and does have a profound impact on aquatic ecosystems, USDA is faced with the challenge of maintaining agricultural industry while at the same time protecting these important aquatic resources.  Water Quality and Ecological Processes Research Unit scientists work to evaluate the impact of erosion and agricultural runoff (sediments, nutrients, chemicals) upon aquatic life, particularly indicator species, general water quality and habitat of downstream water bodies. Research focuses on developing new technologies and best management practices to reduce detrimental effects of agricultural runoff.  These new technologies and practices will provide farmers with the tools necessary to meet Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) and nutrient criteria goals while maintaining productivity and economic viability.

Mission:

Ecosystem assessment requires consideration of the entire landscape, from upland fields to receiving water bodies.  The mission of the Water Quality and Ecological Processes Research Unit within the National Sedimentation Laboratory is to develop technology for improving water quality and ecosystem function within watersheds, lakes, and streams affected by agricultural activities. 

Objectives

• Improve effectiveness of edge-of-field and within-field farm practices in mitigating off-site movement of pollutants:  conservation tillage, cover crops, grade control structures, vegetative buffer strips, tile drains, and grass hedges. 
  
  
• Determine how organisms respond to agricultural pollutants and habitat degradation in order to set criteria for pollution control and habitat restoration projects.
  
  
• Measure how wetland and riparian systems improve water quality and ecosystem integrity.  These systems include constructed and natural wetlands and vegetated ditches.