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A.O.U. 1983. Check-list of North American birds, 6th ed. [with supplements through 1993]. American Ornithologists Union, Washington, DC. 877 pp.

Abbott, I.A., and G.J. Hollenberg. 1976. Marine algae of California. Stanford University Press, CA. 827 pp.

Abernathy, Y., and R.E. Turner. 1987. US forested wetlands: 1940-1980. BioScience 37:721-727.

Accurso, L.M. 1992. Distribution and abundance of wintering waterfowl on San Francisco Bay, 1988-1990. M.S. thesis, Humboldt State University, Acadia, CA. 252 pp.

Ackerman, B.B. Ongoing manatee aerial survey programs--a progress report. In T.J. O'Shea, B.B. Ackerman, and H.F. Percival, eds. Population biology of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). National Biological Service, Biological Rep. Series. In press.

Ackerman, B.B., S.D. Wright, R.K. Bonde, D.K. Odell, and D.J. Banowetz. Trends and patterns in manatee mortality in Florida, 1974-1992. In T.J. O'Shea, B.B. Ackerman, and H.F. Percival, eds. Population biology of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris). National Biological Service, Biological Rep. Series. In press.

Adair, S.E., and J.L. Moore. 1990. A survey of seagrass distribution of the middle Texas coast. Chapter 11 in S.E. Adair, J.L. Moore, W.H. Kiel, Jr., and M.W. Weller, eds. Winter ecology of redhead ducks in the gulf coast region. Final Rep., Cooperative Agreement 14-16-0009-87-909 between Texas A & M University and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wetlands Research Center.

Adair, S.E., J.L. Moore, and C.P. Onuf. 1994. Distributional ecology of submerged aquatic vegetation in estuaries of the upper Texas coast. Wetlands 14(2):110-121.

Adams, L.G., B.W. Dale, and L.D. Mech. Wolf predation on caribou calves in Denali National Park, Alaska. In L. Carbyn, S. Fritts, and D. Seip, eds. Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world. Canadian Circumpolar Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton. In press.

Aguillar, A. 1984. Relationships of DDE/DDT in marine mammals to the chronology of DDT input into the ecosystem. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 21:840-844.

Ainley, D.G., and G.W. Hunt, Jr. 1991. The status and conservation of seabirds in California. Pages 103-114 in J.P. Croxall, ed. Seabird status and conservation: a supplement. International Council of Bird Preservation Tech. Bull. 11.

Ainley, D.G., and R.J. Boekelheide, eds. 1990. Seabirds of the Farallon Islands: ecology, dynamics, and structure of an upwelling-system community. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. 450 pp.

Ainley, D.G., and T.J. Lewis. 1974. The history of Farallon Island marine bird population, 1854-1972. Condor 76:432-446.

Ainley, D.G., W.J. Sydeman, S.A. Hatch, and U.W. Wilson. 1994. Seabird population trends along the west coast of North America: causes and extent of regional concordance. Studies in Avian Biology 15:119-133.

Airola, D.A. 1988. Guide to the California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System. California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento. 74 pp.

Akashi, Y. 1988. Riparian vegetation dynamics along the Bighorn River, Wyoming. M.S. thesis, University of Wyoming, Laramie. 245 pp

Alaska Department of Fish and Game. 1993. North Slope sport fishery management plan. Sport Fish Division, Fairbanks, AK. 22 pp.

Albee, B., L.M. Shultz, and S. Goodrich. 1988. Atlas of the vascular plants of Utah. Utah Museum of Natural History, Salt Lake City. 670 pp.

Aldrich, J. 1972. A new subspecies of sandhill cranes from Mississippi. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 85(5):63-70.

Aldrich, J.W. 1993. Classification and distribution. Pages 47-54 in T.S. Baskett, M.W. Sayre, R.E. Tomlinson, and R.E. Mirarchi, eds. Ecology and management of the mourning dove. Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, PA.

Alexander, M.E., and F.G. Hawksworth. 1975. Wildland fires and dwarf mistletoe: a literature review of ecology and prescribed burning. U.S. Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-14. Rocky Mountain Forest Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO. 12 pp.

Alexander, S.A., R.S. Ferguson, and K.J. McCormick. 1991. Key migratory bird terrestrial habitat sites in the Northwest Territories. 2nd ed. Canadian Wildlife Service Occasional Papers 71. Ottawa, Canada. 184 pp.

Alig, R.J., H.A. Knight, and R.A. Birdsey. 1986. Recent area changes in southern forest ownerships and cover types. U.S. Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station Res. Paper. SE-260. 10 pp.

Allen, A.W. 1993a. Wildlife habitat criteria in relation to future use of Conservation Reserve Program lands. Pages 41-88 in Proceedings of the Great Plains Agricultural Council Annual Meeting. June 2-4. Rapid City, SD.

Allen, A.W. 1993b. Regional and state perspectives on Conservation Reserve Program contributions to wildlife habitat. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Federal Aid Rep., National Ecology Research Center, Fort Collins, CO. 28 pp.

Allen, J.A. 1874. Notes on the mammals of portions of Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah. Part 1. On the mammals of middle and western Kansas. Bull. of the Essex Institute 6:43-66.

Allen, J.A. 1990. Establishment of bottomland oak plantations on the Yazoo National Wildlife Refuge complex. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 14:206-210.

Allen, T.F., and T.B. Starr. 1982. Hierarchy: perspectives for ecological complexity. University of Chicago Press, IL. 310 pp.

Allendorf, F.W., N. Ryman, and F.M. Utter. 1987. Genetics and fishery management past, present, and future. Pages 1-19 in N. Ryman and F.M. Utter, eds. Population genetics and fishery management. Washington Sea Grant Program, Seattle.

Allendorf, F.W., R.B. Harris, and L.H. Metzgar. 1991. Estimation of effective population size of grizzly bears by computer simulation. Pages 650-654 in E.C. Dudley, ed. The unity of evolutionary biology: Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology. Vol. 2. Dioscorides Press, Portland, OR.

Almack, J.A., W.L. Gaines, P.H. Morrison, J.R. Eby, R.H. Naney, G.F. Wooten, S.H. Fitkin, and E.R. Garcia. 1991. North Cascades grizzly bear ecosystem evaluation: final report. Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee, Denver, CO. 146 pp.

Altukhov, Y.P., and E.A. Salmenkova. 1987. Stock transfer relative to natural organization, management and conservation of fish populations. Pages 333-344 in N. Ryman and F.M. Utter, eds. Population genetics and fishery management. Washington Sea Grant Program, Seattle.

Alverson, D.L. 1992. A review of commercial fisheries and the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus): the conflict arena. Reviews in Aquatic Sciences 6:203-256.

Ambrose, D., J. Drake, and D. Faber-Langendoen. 1994. Rare plant communities of the United States: midwestern region. In D.H. Grossman, K.L. Goodin, and C.L. Reuss, eds. Rare plant communities of the conterminous United States: an initial survey. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA. In press.

American Ornithologists' Union. 1983. Check-list of North American birds. 6th ed. Allen Press, Lawrence, KS. 877 pp.

Amerson, A.B., Jr., W.A. Whistler, and T.D. Schwaner. 1982. Wildlife and wildlife habitat of American Samoa. 1. Environment and ecology. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. 119 pp.

Amstrup, S.C., I. Stirling, and J.W. Lentfer. 1986. Past and present status of polar bears in Alaska. Wildlife Society Bull. 14(3):241-254.

Anagnostakis, S. 1987. Chestnut blight: the classical problem of an introduced pathogen. Mycologia 79(1):23-37.

Anderson, B.W., and R.D. Ohmart. 1984. Vegetation community type maps, lower Colorado River. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, NV. 59 pp.

Anderson, D.W., and F. Gress. 1983. Status of a northern population of California brown pelicans. Condor 85:79-88.

Anderson, D.W., J.R. Jehl, R.W. Risebrough, L.A. Woods, L.R. DeWeese, and W.G. Edgecomb. 1975. Brown pelicans: improved reproduction off the southern California coast. Science 190:806-808.

Anderson, H.L. 1974. Natural history and systematics of the tundra hare (Lepus othus Merriam) in western Alaska. M.S. thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. 106 pp.

Anderson, J.R., E.E. Hardy, J.T. Roach, and R.E. Witmer. 1976. A land use and land cover classification system for use with remote sensor data. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 964. 27 pp.

Anderson, L.E. 1980. Cytology and reproductive biology of mosses. Pages 37-76 in R.J. Taylor and A.E. Leviton, eds. The mosses of North America. Pacific Division of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, San Francisco.

Anderson, L.E., H.A. Crum, and W.R. Buck. 1990. List of mosses of North America north of Mexico. Bryologist 93:448-499.

Anderson, L.E., H.A. Crum, and W.R. Buck. 1990. List of the mosses of North America north of Mexico. Bryologist 93:448-499.

Anderson, M.G. 1989. Species closures -- a case study of wintering waterfowl on San Francisco Bay, 1988-1990. M.S. thesis, Humbolt State University, Acadia, CA. 252 pp.

Anderson, M.G., J.M. Rhymer, and F.C. Rohwer. 1992. Philopatry, dispersal, and the genetic structure of waterfowl populations. Pages 365-395 in B.D.J. Batt, A.D. Afton, M.G. Andersen, C.D. Ankney, D.H. Johnson, J.A. Kadlec, and G.L. Krapu, eds. Ecology and management of breeding waterfowl. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

Anderson, M.G., L.A. Sneddon, and K.J. Metzler. 1994. Rare plant communities of the United States: eastern region. In D.H. Grossman, K.L. Goodin, and C.L. Reuss, eds. Rare plant communities of the conterminous United States: an initial survey. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA. In press.

Anderson, R.R., and R.T. Macomber. 1980. Distribution of submerged vascular plants, Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. Environmental Protection Agency, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD. 126 pp.

Andres, B.A. 1994. Coastal zone use by postbreeding shorebirds in northern Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management 58:206-213.

Anonymous. 1992. 1992 Membership Directory and Bylaws [of the Phycological Society of America]. Journal of Phycology (4, supplement).

AOU. 1983. Check-list of North American birds. 6th ed. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, DC. 877 pp.

Apperson, K.A., and P.J. Anders. 1990. Kootenai River white sturgeon investigations and experimental culture, annual progress report 1989. Bonneville Power Administration, Division of Fish and Wildlife Project 88-65. 50 pp.

Armour, C.L., D.F. Duff, and W. Elmore. 1991. The effects of livestock grazing on riparian and stream ecosystems. Fisheries 16:7-11.

Arnett, R.H. 1985. American insects: a handbook of the insects of America north of Mexico. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York. 850 pp.

Arno, S.F., and R.J. Hoff. 1989. Silvics of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis). U.S. Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-253. 11 pp.

Arnolds, E., and B. de Vries. 1993. Conservation of fungi in Europe. Pages 211-234 in D.N. Pegler, L. Boddy, B. Ing, and P.M. Kirk, eds. Fungi of Europe: investigation, recording and conservation. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, U.K.

Artyukhin, Y.K., A.D. Sukhoparova, and L.G. Fimukhira. 1978. The gonads of sturgeon, Acipenser güldenstädti, in the littoral zone below the dam of the Volograd water engineering system. Journal of Ichthyology 18:912-923.

Ashton, R.E., Jr., and P.S. Ashton. 1988. Handbook of reptiles and amphibians of Florida. Parts 1-3. Windward Publishing, Miami, FL. 558 pp.

Asquith, A., and R.H. Messing. 1993. Contemporary Hawaiian insect fauna of a lowland agricultural area on Kaua'i: implications for local and island-wide fruit fly eradication programs. Pacific Science 47:1-16.

Athearn, H. 1970. Discussion of Dr. Heard's paper. Malacologia 10(1):28-31.

Atkinson, I.A.E. 1977. A reassessment of factors, particularly Rattus rattus L., that influenced the decline of endemic forest birds in the Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Science 31:109-133.

Audubon, J.J. 1839. Ornithological biography. Vol. 5. A. and C. Black, Edinburgh.

Auffenberg, W., and R. Franz. 1982. The status and distribution of the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus). Pages 95-126 in R.B. Bury, ed. North American tortoises: conservation and ecology. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Res. Rep. 12.

Aulerich, R.J., and R.K. Ringer. 1977. Current status of PCB toxicity to mink, and effect on their reproduction. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 6:279-292.

Aune, K., and W. Kasworm. 1989. Final report: East Front grizzly studies. Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks, Helena. 332 pp.

Austin, G.T. 1971. Roadside distribution of the common raven in the Mohave Desert. California Birds 2:98.