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State and Local Study Areas

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Biodiversity in the Southwestern California Region
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Figure. Gap analysis of coastal sage scrub in the southwestern region of California. Highlighted are landscapes where coastal sage scrub is the primary and secondary upland vegetation type.

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Landsat MSS Images
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Landsat MSS Images
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Fig. 1. The 1974 and 1989 Landsat MSS images of Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas. Expanded urban areas are clearly identifiable in the 1989 image and are particularly evident around Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport in the center of the image.

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Federal Data Bases of Land Characteristics
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Fig. 1. Landsat Thematic Mapper image of Philadelphia and New York City, taken May 20, 1991.

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Nearshore Fish Assemblage of the Tidal Hudson River
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Fig. 1. The tidal portion of the Hudson River, New York, showing areas where some fish collections have been made over the last six decades.

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American Alligators in Florida
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Fig. 1. Locations of survey areas for night-light counts of alligators in Florida, 1974-92.

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Reef Fishes of the Florida Keys
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Fig. 1. The upper, middle, and lower Florida Keys. National marine sanctuaries, national parks, national wildlife refuges, and aquatic preserves are also shown (modified from maps provided by James A. Reed II, Florida Marine Research Institute). Various colors used simply to delineate designated areas.

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Climate Change in the Northeast
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Fig. 1. New York locations from which phenological data were obtained. 1Allegheny Plateau (birds); 2Cayuga Lake basin, Ithaca (birds); and 3Hudson Highlands (flowering plants and birds).

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The Biota of Illinois Caves and Springs
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Figure. Distribution of springs and caves in Illinois.

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Freshwater Mussels in Lake Huron-Lake Erie Corridor
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Fig. 2. Average (mean) densities (number/m²) of native mussels in Lake St. Clair and western Lake Erie of the Lake Huron-Lake Erie corridor of the Great Lakes, 1961-92.

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Habitat Changes in the Upper Mississippi River Floodplain
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Fig. 2. Land-cover/land-use comparisons for a portion of Pool 8 in (a) 1891 and (b) 1989, and the open river near Cape Girardeau, Missouri, in (c) 1891 and (d) 1989.

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Fish Populations in the Illinois River
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Fig. 1. The Illinois River with locations of navigation locks and dams. Locations of the Illinois Natural History Survey's upper Illinois Waterway electrofishing stations are also shown.

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Habitat Changes in the Upper Mississippi River Floodplain
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Fig. 3. Island loss that has occurred in Pool 8, in the area just upriver of the dam, since construction of the lock and dam system.

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Decline in the Freshwater Gastropod Fauna in the Mobile Bay Basin
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Fig. 2. Historical and current distribution of Tulotoma magnifica. Filled circles represent a single or two closely located collection sites (after Hershler et al. 1990). Map modified from the U.S. Geological Survey 1:500,000 scale--State of Alabama sheet (1970 ed.).

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Gulf of Mexico Coastal Wetlands: Case Studies of Loss Trends
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Fig. 2. Coastal Louisiana basins as defined in the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection, and Restoration Act Plan.

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Gulf of Mexico Coastal Wetlands: Case Studies of Loss Trends
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Fig. 3. Coastal landloss in Louisiana and elsewhere is analyzed by using computerized geographic information systems that produce graphics such as this map.

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Seagrass Meadows of the Laguna Madre of Texas
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Fig. 1. Major bay systems along the Texas coast.

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Seagrass Meadows of the Laguna Madre of Texas
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Fig. 2. Dominant cover types in the continuously submerged portions of upper (a) and lower (b) Laguna Madre.

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Native Ranid Frogs in California
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Fig. 1. Historical and current distribution of the northern red-legged frog, California red-legged frog, and Cascades frog in California based on 2,068 museum records and 302 records from other sources. Dots indicate locality records based on verified museum specimens. Squares indicate locality records based on verified sightings (e.g., field notes, photographs, published papers). Red dots and green squares denote localities where native frogs are extant. Gold dots and blue squares indicate where native frogs are presumed extinct. Figure modified from Jennings and Hayes (1993).

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Migratory Bird Population Changes in North Dakota
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Figure. Distribution of the original 130 quarter-sections in North Dakota.

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Native Ranid Frogs in California
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Fig. 2. Historical and current distribution of the foothill yellow-legged frog, spotted frog, and Yavapai leopard frog in California based on 3,316 museum records and 171 records from other sources. Dots indicate locality records based on verified museum specimens. Squares indicate locality records based on verified sightings (e.g., field notes, photographs, published papers). Red dots and green squares denote localities where native frogs are extant. Gold dots and blue squares indicate where native frogs are presumed extinct. Figure modified from Jennings and Hayes (1993).

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Ecosystem Trends in the Colorado Rockies
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Fig. 2. Trends in Rocky Mountain National Park visitors, agricultural impacts, moose invasion, elk population, forest recovery, air pollution, Estes Park population, and global change in carbon dioxide.

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Native Ranid Frogs in California
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Fig. 3. Historical and current distribution of the mountain yellow-legged frog, and presumed native populations of the northern leopard frog in California based on 2,565 museum records and 673 records from other sources. Dots indicate locality records based on verified museum specimens. Squares indicate locality records based on verified sightings (e.g., field notes, photographs, published papers). Red dots and green squares denote localities where native frogs are extant. Gold dots and blue squares indicate where native frogs are presumed extinct. Figure modified from Jennings and Hayes (1993).

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The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
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Fig. 1. Progressively lighter shading is used around the edges of a recent map of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem to illustrate the uncertainty that still plagues definitions of the ecosystem. Courtesy Desktop Assistance and Greater Yellowstone Coalition.

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The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
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The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
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Fig. 2. Top: Current distribution of whitebark pine portrayed by a computerized geographic information system (GIS). Bottom: Distribution of whitebark pine projected by GIS analysis under a modest increase in warmth and dryness, showing a decrease of approximately 90%. (Derived from Romme and Turner [1991] by the Yellowstone GIS Laboratory, Yellowstone National Park.)

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Mexican Spotted Owls in Canyonlands of the Colorado Plateau
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Fig. 2. Distribution of Mexican spotted owls in canyonlands of southern Utah, representing the northwest portion of the Colorado Plateau Physiographic Province.

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Africanized Bees in North America
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Fig. 3. Known honeybee locations in Arizona displayed with vegetation classes; derived from Brown et al. (1979).

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Landsat MSS Images
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Fig. 2. Landsat MSS images of the Mount Saint Helens area in southern Washington in 1973, 1983, and 1988. The 1973 image shows the area before eruption. The area north of the crater in the image with the bluish color was most devastated by the 1980 eruption. In the 1988 image the light pink color in the blow-out area shows vegetation regrowth.

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Southeastern Freshwater Fishes
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Fig. 3. An example of habitat fragmentation, decline, and isolation of populations of a southeastern freshwater fish, the endangered spotfin chub (Cyprinella monacha). Former (pre-1930's) and present range in yellow.

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Landsat MSS Images
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Arctic Nesting Geese: Alaskan Populations
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Fig. 3. Alaskan habitats of special importance to geese.

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Landsat MSS Images
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Biodiversity Degradation in Illinois Stoneflies
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Figure. Twenty-five major river drainages in Illinois.

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The Arctic Tundra Ecosystem in Northeast Alaska
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Fig. 1. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in northeastern Alaska.

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The Arctic Tundra Ecosystem in Northeast Alaska
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Fig. 2. Land-cover classes on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in northeastern Alaska.

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Anadromous Fish of the Central Alaska Beaufort Sea
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Fig. 1. Prudhoe Bay study area showing West Dock and the Endicott Causeway, Alaska.

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Polar Bears in Alaska
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Fig. 1. Outlines of the annual activity areas for one radio-collared polar bear (Ursus maritimus) monitored during 4 consecutive years. The boundaries of the multiyear activity area enclosed 517,000 km² (about 200,000 mi²).

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Surface Cover Changes in the Rio Grande Floodplain, 1935-89
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Figure. The Rio Grande study area.

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Polar Bears in Alaska
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Fig. 2. Approximate bounds of the Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea polar bear populations. The contours for each population surround 95% and 50% of the radio relocations that were nearest the harmonic mean center of the distribution of relocations.

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Tundra or Arctic Hares
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Figure. Distribution of the tundra hare, with historical records of occurrence outside of its present distribution.

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Drosophila as Monitors of Change in Hawaiian Ecosystems
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Fig. 1. Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, including the Olaa Forest, where population surveys of picture-wing Drosophila have been carried out.

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Pacific Walruses
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Figure. Distribution of Pacific walruses in the Bering and Chukchi seas of Alaska and Russia (Fay 1982).