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Tinea capitis

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Contents of this page:

Illustrations

Ringworm of the scalp
Ringworm of the scalp
Wood's lamp test - of the scalp
Wood's lamp test - of the scalp
Ringworm, tinea capitis - close-up
Ringworm, tinea capitis - close-up

Alternative names    Return to top

Fungal infection - scalp; Infection - fungal - scalp; Tinea of the scalp; Ringworm - scalp

Definition    Return to top

Tinea capitis is an infection of the scalp by mold-like fungi called dermatophytes.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors    Return to top

The body normally hosts a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, mold-like fungi (dermatophytes) and yeast-like fungi (such as Candida). Some of these are useful to the body. Others may multiply rapidly and cause symptoms.

Tinea capitis (also called ringworm of the scalp) is a skin disorder that affects children almost exclusively. It can be persistent and contagious, almost to the point of epidemic; however, it often disappears spontaneously at puberty.

The fungi that cause tinea infections thrive in warm, moist areas. Susceptibility to tinea infection is increased by poor hygiene, prolonged wetness of the skin (such as from sweating), and minor skin or scalp injuries.

Tinea infections are contagious and can be passed by direct contact with affected individuals or by contaminated items such as combs, hats, clothing, or similar surfaces. They can be transmitted by contact with pets that carry the fungus (often, cats).

Symptoms    Return to top

Signs and tests    Return to top

The diagnosis is suspected primarily based on the appearance of the scalp. A skin lesion biopsy with microscopic examination or culture may show dermatophytes. This test is often not necessary to diagnose tinea capitis. A Wood's lamp test may be performed to confirm the presence of a fungal scalp infection.

Treatment    Return to top

The goal of treatment is control of the infection. Oral antifungal medications are required.

Keep the area clean. A medicated shampoo, such as one containing selenium sulfide, may reduce the spread of infection. Other family members and pets should be examined and treated if necessary.

Expectations (prognosis)    Return to top

Tinea capitis may be extremely persistent, may resolve spontaneously at puberty, and may recur.

Complications    Return to top

Calling your health care provider    Return to top

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms indicate tinea capitis may be present, or if symptoms persist despite treatment.

Prevention    Return to top

Good general hygiene is important in the prevention and treatment of all tinea infections. The scalp should be shampooed regularly, especially after haircuts.

Avoid contact with infected pets or individuals. Headgear, combs, and similar items should not be exchanged unless they are first thoroughly cleaned and dried.

Update Date: 1/11/2003

Updated by: Glen H. Crawford, M.D., Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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