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Definition Return to top
Hammer toe is a deformity of the toe in which the end of the toe is bent downward.Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top
Hammer toe usually affects the second toe, although it can also affect the other toes. The toe assumes a claw-like position. The condition may occur as a result of pressure from a bunion. A corn on the top of a toe and a callus on the sole of the foot develop, which makes walking painful. A high foot arch may also develop.
The condition may be congenital (present at birth) or acquired by wearing short, narrow shoes. The condition can also occur in children who continue to wear shows that they have outgrown.
Symptoms Return to top
Signs and tests Return to top
A physical examination of the foot confirms the presence of hammer toe.
Treatment Return to top
Mild hammer toe and cases in children can be treated with foot manipulation and splinting the affected toe. Properly sized footwear or wide toe-box shoes usually provide comfort and can accomodate hammer toes. The protruding joint can be protected with corn pads or felt pads, corrective footwear, or other foot devices. Exercises may be helpful.
Severe hammer toe requires an operation to straighten the joint. The surgery may involve cutting or transfering tendons or fusing the joints of the toe together.
Expectations (prognosis) Return to top
If the condition is treated early, surgery can often be avoided. Treatment will reduce the associated pain and difficulty with walking.
Complications Return to top
Calling your health care provider Return to top
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if hammer toe is present, for instructions on the best treatment.
Also call for an appointment if pain gets worse or difficulty walking occurs.
Prevention Return to top
Avoid wearing shoes that are too short or narrow. Check children's shoe sizes frequently, especially during periods of rapid growth.
Update Date: 2/12/2003 Updated by: Andrew L. Chen, M.D., M.S., Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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Page last updated: 28 October 2004 |