Tubal ligation is done in the hospital or outpatient surgical clinic while the patient is under anesthesia. One or two small incisions are made in the abdomen (usually near the navel), and a laparoscope (a device similar to a small telescope on a flexible tube) is inserted.

Using instruments that are inserted through the laparoscope, the fallopian tubes are coagulated (burned), sealed shut with cautery, or with a small clip placed on the tube. The skin incision is then stitched closed. The patient is able to return home a few hours after the procedure.

Tubal ligation can also be performed immediately after childbirth through a small incision near the navel or during a cesarean section.

Tubal ligation may be recommended for adult women who are certain that they wish to prevent future pregnancies (permanent sterilization). Keep in mind that tubal sterilization is not a trivial surgical procedure, and that it carries some risk.

While sterilization is very popular, some women who choose to have the procedure regret their decisions later. The younger the woman, the more likely it is that she will regret her decision.

Tubal ligation is not recommended as a temporary or reversible procedure -- it is considered a PERMANENT form of birth control. The operation can sometimes be reversed if a woman later chooses to become pregnant. However, this requires a major surgical procedure. Following tubal ligation reversal, about 50% to 80% of women eventually become pregnant.

• Reactions to medications
• Problems breathing

• Bleeding
• Infection

• Incomplete closure of the tubes, with possible continued fertility. Approximately 1 out of 200 women who have had tubal ligation will get pregnant.
• Increased risk of an ectopic (tubal) pregnancy if pregnancy occurs after a tubal ligation.
• Injury to adjacent organs or structures caused by the laparoscopic instruments.