Distention is usually caused by infection (tuberculosis, amebiasis), inflammation (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease), twisting of the colon (torsion, volvulus) or obstruction (cancer). If the colon does not contract properly, the splenic flexure can become distended.

Symptoms of fever, rapid heart rate, abdominal pain and tenderness, and a palpable mass are caused when the splenic flexure becomes ballooned.

Splenic flexure distention may be identified by the following studies:

• Abdominal x-ray
• Barium enema
• Abdominal CT scan
• Abdominal MRI

Treatment involves decompressing the colon and treating the underlying cause of distention. This may be done with a rectal tube for decompression, or a colonoscopy to remove excess air in the colon. Occasionally, surgery may be performed to remove an obstruction or to prevent perforation.

Prognosis is generally good if an underlying cause of distention can be identified and treated.

Complications are primarily perforation (hole in the colon) and infection.

If symptoms of abdominal pain, abdominal distention, or fever occur, call your provider.

There are no methods of preventing splenic flexure distention.