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Alternative names Return to top
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion; SIADHDefinition Return to top
Dilutional hyponatremia is a disorder of fluid and electrolyte balance caused by excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance in this syndrome result from the inability to excrete dilute urine, retention of water within the body, and low sodium levels. The most common cause of SIADH is a type of lung cancer called "oat cell" or small cell, which secretes excessive ADH.
Other causes are pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, Hodgkin's disease, central nervous system disorders, pulmonary disorders, certain drugs, thymomas, myxedema, and psychosis. SIADH may also develop in some children during the acute phase of meningitis. Risk factors are related to the causes.
Symptoms Return to top
Signs and tests Return to top
Treatment Return to top
The first line of treatment is to restrict fluid intake to one-half or one liter of fluid per day. The cause of the disorder must be treated, especially in the case of malignancy where radiation, chemotherapy, or surgical removal of the tumor may correct the water retention.Expectations (prognosis) Return to top
The outcome is related to the underlying disease.Complications Return to top
Calling your health care provider Return to top
Call your health care provider if symptoms of dilutional hyponatremia occur.Prevention Return to top
Prompt treatment of causative conditions may be helpful. Update Date: 10/28/2003 Updated by: Irfan A. Agha, M.D., Department of Medicine, Renal Division, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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Page last updated: 28 October 2004 |