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Alternative names Return to top
Mononeuropathy multiplex; Multifocal neuropathyDefinition Return to top
Mononeuritis multiplex is a disorder characterized by simultaneous or sequential damage to more than one nerve group.Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top
Mononeuritis multiplex is a form of peripheral neuropathy (damage to nerves outside the brain and spinal cord). It involves isolated damage to at least 2 separate nerve areas. Mononeuritis multiplex is a group of symptoms, not a distinct disease entity.
The underlying disorder affects isolated nerves in multiple, random areas. As the disorder worsens, the damage may become more diffuse and less focused on particular areas, resembling polyneuropathy.
The damage to the nerves involves destruction of the axon (part of the nerve cell), which interferes with nerve conduction at the location of the damage. Common causes include a lack of oxygen caused by decreased blood flow or inflammation of blood vessels. No cause is identified for about one-third of cases.
Diabetes mellitis is a common cause of mononeuritis multiplex. Several other disorders are also associated with mononeuritis multiplex, including (but not limited to) blood vessel diseases such as polyarteritis nodosa and connective tissue diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. Connective tissue disease is the most common cause in children.
Less common causes include the following:
Symptoms Return to top
Specific symptoms vary with the individual nerve involved.Signs and tests Return to top
A detailed history may be required to determine the possible cause of the disorder. Examination and neuromuscular testing may show a specific loss of sensation and movement associated with dysfunction of specific nerves. Reflexes may be abnormal.
Diagnosis of mononeuritis multiplex usually involves deficits of 2 or more isolated, unrelated nerve areas. Common findings may include the following:
Treatment Return to top
The goals of treatment include treatment of the cause if possible, supportive care to maximize independence and control of symptoms. This may include control of blood sugar levels for diabetics, nutritional supplementation, or medical treatments of conditions as appropriate.Expectations (prognosis) Return to top
If the cause can be identified and successfully treated, and if damage is limited, there is a possibility of full recovery from mononeuritis multiplex. The extent of disability varies from no disability to partial or complete loss of movement, function or sensation.
Nerve pain may be quite uncomfortable and persist for a prolonged period of time. If this occurs, see a pain specialist to ensure that all options for pain treatment are available to you.
Complications Return to top
Calling your health care provider Return to top
Call your health care provider if you notice signs of mononeuritis multiplex.Prevention Return to top
Prevention techniques vary depending on the specific disorder. Proper diet and use of medication for diabetes may help prevent neuropathy from developing. Update Date: 8/1/2004 Updated by: Joseph V. Campellone, M.D., Division of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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Page last updated: 28 October 2004 |