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Alternative names Return to top
Rotavirus infection; Norwalk virus; Gastroenteritis - viralDefinition Return to top
Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by a viral infection.Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top
Viruses cause 30 to 40% of cases of infectious diarrhea in the U.S. and viral gastroenteritis is the second most common illness, after upper respiratory infections.Symptoms Return to top
Signs and tests Return to top
Stool assays for the viruses can identify the specific agent. A stool culture may rule out bacterial causes of the illness.Treatment Return to top
The objective of treatment is to replace fluids and electrolytes (salt and minerals) lost by diarrhea. Antibiotic therapy is not effective in viral illness. Antidiarrheal medications are generally not given, as they may prolong the infectious process. Self-care measures to avoid dehydration include drinking electrolyte solutions (available over-the-counter) to replace fluids lost by diarrhea.
People with diarrhea who are unable to take fluids by mouth because of nausea may need intravenous fluids. This is especially true in small children.
People taking diuretics who develop diarrhea may be advised by their health care provider to stop taking the diuretic during the acute episode.
CONSULT WITH YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER BEFORE YOU STOP TAKING A PRESCRIBED MEDICATION!
DO NOT give anti-diarrheal medications to children unless directed to do so by a health care provider. Since the risk of dehydration is greater in infants and young children, parents should closely monitor the number of wet diapers changed per day when the child is sick. Electrolyte and fluid replacement solutions for children are available in food and drug stores. Juice, soda or water do not replace electrolytes lost from vomiting or diarrhea. Children with diarrhea often benefit from dietary modifications until the diarrhea subsides.
Expectations (prognosis) Return to top
Most infections will resolve spontaneously. Children may become severely ill from dehydration caused by diarrhea.Complications Return to top
Dehydration is the main complication. Rarely, severe reactions may occur.Calling your health care provider Return to top
Call your health care provider if symptoms of dehydration occur, including low urine output, nausea, faintness or dizziness, dry mouth, sunken appearance to the eyes, sunken fontanelle (soft spot on an infant's head), and confusion.Prevention Return to top
Most infectious organisms are transmitted by unwashed hands. The best way to prevent viral gastroenteritis is to handle food properly and wash hands thoroughly after using the toilet. Update Date: 1/26/2004 Updated by: Sreeni Jonnalagadda, M.D., Interventional and Pancreatobiliary Endoscopy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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Page last updated: 28 October 2004 |