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Definition Return to top
Pituitary Cushing's is a condition in which the pituitary gland (an organ of the endocrine system) secretes excess adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top
Cushing's disease is a form of Cushing's syndrome, in which excess cortisol (a stress hormone) is secreted. In the case of Cushing's disease, the problem is caused by a tumor or hyperplasia (excess growth) of the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is located in the base of the skull and regulates the activities of many glands and body processes.
When ACTH is secreted by the pituitary gland, the adrenal glands release cortisol. In Cushing's disease, there is too much ACTH, which leads to an excess release of cortisol. This hormone, normally released during stressful situations, controls the body's use of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and also plays a role in suppressing the body's response to inflammation.
Symptoms Return to top
Signs and tests Return to top
Tests are done to confirm hypercortisolism, then to determine the cause. In general, the fasting glucose may be elevated (glucose intolerance), and serum potassium may be low.Treatment Return to top
Treatment is by surgical removal of the pituitary tumor, if possible. After surgery, pituitary function may slowly return to normal.
A need for hydrocortisone replacement therapy may become apparent during the recovery process. Irradiation of the pituitary gland may also be used.
If the tumor fails to respond to surgery or radiation, medications to inhibit cortisol synthesis are given.
Expectations (prognosis) Return to top
Untreated, Cushing's disease can cause severe illness, even death. Removal of the tumor may lead to full recovery, but regrowth of the tumor can occur.Complications Return to top
Calling your health care provider Return to top
Call your health care provider if you develop symptoms of pituitary Cushing's.
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Page last updated: 28 October 2004 |