MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Semen analysis

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Semen analysis

Contents of this page:
Illustrations Alternative names Definition How the test is performed How to prepare for the test How the test will feel	Why the test is performed Normal Values What abnormal results mean What the risks are Special considerations

Illustrations

Sperm

Semen analysis

Alternative names Return to top

Male fertility test; Sperm count

Definition Return to top

A semen analysis is a test to evaluate the fertility of men.

How the test is performed Return to top

A semen sample will be obtained. Semen is the thick, white, sperm-containing fluid excreted during ejaculation. The method of sample collection should be discussed with the health care provider.

The sample may be obtained by masturbation into a sterile container. It may also be achieved by intercourse using a special condom supplied by the health care provider. The sample must be analyzed within 2 hours of the collection. The earlier the sample is analyzed the more reliable the results are.

How to prepare for the test Return to top

There should be no sexual activity that causes ejaculation for 2 to 3 days before the test.

How the test will feel Return to top

If the man is uncomfortable about how the sample is to be taken, this should be discussed with the health care provider.

Why the test is performed Return to top

The test is performed if the patient's fertility is in question. It is helpful in determining if there is a problem in sperm production or quality of the sperm as a cause of infertility. The test may also be used after a vasectomy to make sure there are no sperm in the semen.

Normal Values Return to top

The semen is analyzed for the volume; number and structure of the sperm; sperm movement; and the fluid thickness, acidity, and sugar content.

Values may vary from laboratory to laboratory. The most common normal values are listed below.

The normal volume varies from 1.5 to 5.0 milliliter per ejaculation. The sperm count varies from 20 to 150 million sperm per milliliter. At least 60% of the sperm should have a normal shape and show normal forward movement (motility).

What abnormal results mean Return to top

If the sperm count is very low or very high there is a likelihood of being less fertile. The percent of normal sperm has an affect on infertility. The acidity of the semen and the presence of white blood cells (suggesting infection) may influence fertility. The use of many recreational and prescription drugs, alcohol, and tobacco use may affect fertility.

Additional conditions under which the test may be performed:

Klinefelter's syndrome

What the risks are Return to top

There are no risks.

Special considerations Return to top

Approximately 50% of the couples who have been unable to have children have a male infertility problem. One of the first tests done to evaluate the fertility of men is the semen analysis.

There are many unknowns in male infertility. The results from the test may fail to explain the cause. If a low-sperm count or abnormal semen is found, further testing may be required.

Update Date: 8/11/2003

Updated by: Scott M. Gilbert, M.D., Department of Urology, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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